An air intake filtration device and filtration method for small underwater vehicles

Abstract

The purpose of this invention is to provide an air intake filtration device and method for small submersibles, including a water removal layer, a sand removal layer, and a salt removal layer, arranged from top to bottom. The water removal layer includes a base, on which, from front to back, are arranged louvers, an inertial stage filter layer, and a felt mesh. A control motor and a sealed lubricating oil rail are arranged on the side of the base, extending through the base. The sealed lubricating oil rail is positioned above the base between the louvers and the inertial stage filter layer. The control motor is connected to a winding spool, on which a nylon rope is wound. A baffle is installed inside the sealed lubricating oil rail, and the nylon rope is connected to the baffle. The control motor drives the winding spool to rotate, and the nylon rope pulls the baffle to adjust its position. This invention has higher purification efficiency and allows for real-time adjustment of various parts of the filter according to different environmental conditions and different gas turbine operating conditions and air intake volumes, enabling flexible application in multiple scenarios and increasing the maximum service life of the engine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a filter device and method, specifically a filter device and method for a small submersible. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, gas turbines, as a new generation of power plants, have seen rapid development in related applications due to their small size and high power density. Gas turbines require a large amount of air to operate. Without a highly efficient filtration system to treat intake air impurities, the air entering the gas turbine and even the compressor will contain varying levels of pollutants, significantly impacting operational reliability and lifespan. More advanced gas turbine designs are more sensitive to intake air quality. Intake system pollutants are broadly classified into three categories: solids, liquids, and gases. To ensure the safety and longevity of gas turbines, understanding the performance variations of intake air filters and researching highly efficient intake air filtration devices is an urgent task.

[0003] There are many types of filtration devices installed in gas turbine intake systems, commonly including inertial filters, wire mesh filters, electrostatic precipitators, and cyclone separators. In reality, gas turbine filters have a certain negative impact on the gas turbine. Regardless of their location in the gas turbine intake duct, they will cause a certain degree of pressure loss in the intake system, significantly reducing the drag performance of the gas turbine itself and its efficiency in separating salt spray droplets or aerosols. When evaluating the performance of gas turbine intake filters, it is necessary to consider both their efficiency in separating droplets and minimizing the resulting pressure loss to ensure the normal operation of the gas turbine; this presents a significant challenge for gas turbine filter designers. Furthermore, filters are replaced frequently during use, and marine filters have a relatively short service life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an air intake filtration device and filtration method for small submarines that can overcome the problems of short service life of traditional filters and the inability to balance pressure loss and separation effect.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows:

[0006] This invention discloses an air intake filtration device for a small submersible, characterized by comprising a water removal layer, a sand removal layer, and a salt removal layer, arranged from top to bottom. The water removal layer includes a base, on which louvers, an inertial stage filter layer, and a felt mesh are arranged sequentially from front to back. A control motor and a sealed lubricating oil track are arranged on the side of the base, extending through the base. The sealed lubricating oil track is positioned above the base between the louvers and the inertial stage filter layer. The control motor is connected to a winding spool, on which a nylon rope is wound. A baffle is installed in the sealed lubricating oil track, and the nylon rope is connected to the baffle. The control motor drives the winding spool to rotate, and the nylon rope pulls the baffle to adjust its position. The structures of the sand removal layer and the salt removal layer are the same as those of the water removal layer.

[0007] The air intake filtration device for a small submarine according to the present invention may further include:

[0008] 1. A drainage channel is set on the base in front of the felt net, and a gas composition detector is set behind the felt net.

[0009] 2. The felt net includes sand and dust filter nets and salt spray filter layer holes arranged in front and behind. The cross-section of the sand and dust filter net is trapezoidal, and its bottom edge faces the air intake side.

[0010] 3. The height ratio of the water removal layer, sand removal layer, and salt removal layer is 3:2:1.

[0011] 4. The louvers are arched in shape, and the blades are of inertial grade with the leaf sockets gradually expanding from the inside to the outside, except for the sand layer where the gap between the blades is the smallest.

[0012] 5. The blades of the inertial stage filter layer are streamlined, with the gap between the blades of the water removal layer being the smallest.

[0013] 6. The drainage ditch has different cavity sizes and slopes. The cavity size ratio from top to bottom is 3:2:1, and the slopes are 15°, 10° and 5° respectively.

[0014] This invention discloses an air intake filtration method for a small underwater vehicle, characterized by:

[0015] (1) When the submarine engine is started, the filter intake side opening and closing device is opened, and gas flows into the filter body;

[0016] (2) The gas to be filtered enters through the louvers of the filter body, and the louvers filter out most of the seawater and sand.

[0017] (3) The gas to be filtered after step (2) enters the water removal layer, sand removal layer or salt removal layer of the opening and closing device. In the inertial stage filter layer of this layer, the water in the gas is separated by centrifugal force and discharged through the drainage channel. The gas then passes through the felt net to filter out small particles of sand and salt spray.

[0018] (4) The gas composition detector located outside the holes of the sand and dust filter layer and the salt spray filter layer detects the gas to be filtered after being processed in step (3), and adjusts the state of each layer's opening and closing device according to the detection results and the working state of the gas turbine.

[0019] The air intake filtration method for a small submersible according to the present invention may further include:

[0020] 1. The adjustment method for adjusting the state of the opening and closing device on each floor in step (4) is as follows:

[0021] The content of different components in the gas is divided into four levels: level 0, level 1, level 2, and level 3. Different control modes are corresponding to different levels.

[0022] When the salt spray content is the highest level among all components, the dewatering layer is closed at level 2, and the dewatering and sand removal layers are closed at level 3.

[0023] When the dust content is at the highest level of all components, the desalination layer is closed at level 2, and the desalination layer and dewatering layer are closed at level 3.

[0024] When the water content is at the highest level of all components, the desalination layer is closed at level 2, and the desalination layer and sand removal layer are closed at level 3.

[0025] When all components are at level 0 or 1, all layers are turned on. When there are two or more components at level 2, the sand removal layer is turned off. When there are two or more components at level 3, the sand removal layer and the water removal layer are turned off.

[0026] The advantages of this invention are as follows: Existing filtration devices suffer from unstable filtration effects and high pressure loss. This invention's opening and closing device uses a sealed lubricating track to prevent sediment from entering and causing blockages; the louvers use inertial-stage blades, with the blade sockets gradually expanding from the inside to the outside; the blades of the inertial-stage filter layer have a streamlined shape to reduce pressure loss; the inertial-stage filter layer includes inertial-stage blades and water channels, wherein the water channels are located at the bottom of each layer of the filter channel and are concentrated at the mesh sockets of the inertial-stage blades; the felt net is located on the inner side of the inertial-stage filter layer and also on the inner side of the air outlet; the gas content detector is located on the air outlet side; the associated air intake control system consists of a gas content detector, a controller, and an opening and closing device. The gas content detector detects the salt spray content after filtration, and the controller controls the opening and closing device to adjust the air intake in real time. The present invention has higher purification efficiency and lower pressure loss. When encountering ocean waves and large dust particles, it can effectively prevent them from entering the filter. At the same time, it reduces wind resistance and driving resistance during the operation of the submersible. It can adjust the air intake of each part of the filter in real time according to different environmental conditions and different operating conditions of the gas turbine, realize flexible application in multiple scenarios, and increase the maximum service life of the engine. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the opening and closing device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the filtering method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Combination Figure 1-5 An air intake filtration device for a small submersible includes a filter body 1, louvers 2, opening and closing devices 3, an inertial stage filter layer 4, a drainage channel 5, a felt net 6, a gas composition detector 7, and an air intake control system. To solve the problem that the filter cannot adjust the air intake according to the working state of the gas turbine, the filter body 1 is divided into three channels, which are, from top to bottom, a water removal layer 11, a sand removal layer 12, and a salt removal layer 13, with a height ratio of 3:2:1. An opening and closing device 3 is installed separately on the air intake side of each channel. The opening and closing device 3 adopts a sealed lubricating rail 31 to effectively prevent the opening and closing device 3 from jamming due to mud and sand. The opening and closing device 3 is controlled by the air intake control system. The air intake control system analyzes the required air intake according to the working state of the gas turbine and adjusts the opening and closing state of the opening and closing device 3 of each channel by controlling the motor 35 to drive the winding shaft 34 to rotate and tighten the nylon rope 33 and pull the baffle 32.

[0034] To prevent excessive seawater and sand from entering the filter, causing filter clogging and reduced lifespan, louvers 2 are installed at the front end of the filter body 1. The louvers are arched in shape, and the blades are inertial and gradually expand from the inside to the outside. When waves or large-scale sandstorms occur, louvers 2 can block most of the seawater and sand from entering the filter body 1. The angle between the blades of the sand removal layer 12 is the smallest, with a minimum angle of 6°, while the angle between the blades of the water removal layer 11 and the salt removal layer 13 is 8°.

[0035] To address the issue of filters failing to adjust pressure loss and filtration efficiency based on air content (water, sediment, and salt), the filter body 1 comprises three channels. Each channel, from the inlet to the outlet, sequentially includes an opening / closing device 3, an inertial stage filter layer 4, a drainage channel 5, and a felt mesh 6. The blades of the inertial stage filter layer 4 are streamlined. The felt mesh 6 is divided into two parts: a dust filter layer 61 and a salt spray filter layer with holes 62. The dust filter layer 61 is arranged in a trapezoidal shape, with its bottom edge facing the inlet to reduce pressure loss. From top to bottom, the three channels are a water removal layer 11, a sand removal layer 12, and a salt removal layer 13. In the water removal layer, the blade gap of the inertial stage filter layer 4 is 8mm, the drainage holes of the drainage channel 5 are 3mm, and the pore size of the dust filter layer 61 and the salt spray filter layer 62 of the felt mesh 6 is 50 mesh. In the sand removal layer, the blade gap of the inertial stage filter layer 4 is 12mm. The drainage hole size of the drainage ditch 5 is 5mm, the sand and dust filter layer 61 of the felt net 6 has a pore size of 150 mesh, and the salt spray filter layer 62 has a pore size of 50 mesh; the blade gap of the inertial stage filter layer 4 in the desalination layer is 12mm, the drainage hole size of the drainage ditch 5 is 3mm, the sand and dust filter layer 61 of the felt net 6 has a pore size of 50 mesh, and the salt spray filter layer 62 has a pore size of 150 mesh.

[0036] To ensure the rapid discharge of seawater filtered by the filter while preventing backflow, drainage channels 5 were installed below the dewatering layer 11, the desanding layer 12, and the desalination layer 13, respectively. Based on the different amounts of seawater filtered by each layer, three different cavity sizes and drainage channel slopes were designed for the drainage channels 5. The cavity size ratio from top to bottom is 3:2:1, and the slopes are 15°, 10°, and 5°, respectively. To prevent seawater from flowing back into the filter from the drainage channels, the drainage holes of the drainage channels 5 are designed on both sides of the filter, with a diameter of 3mm. Considering that the seawater filtered by the desanding layer may contain silt that could easily clog the drainage holes, the drainage holes of the desanding layer were enlarged to 5mm.

[0037] The filtration method for the air intake filtration device used in small submarines is as follows:

[0038] Step 1: When the submersible engine starts, the filter intake side opening and closing device opens, and gas flows into the filter body 1.

[0039] Step 2: The gas to be filtered enters through the louvers 2 of the filter body 1, and the louvers 2 filter out most of the seawater and sand.

[0040] Step 3: The gas to be filtered in Step 2 enters a certain layer of the opening and closing device 3 in the open state. In the inertial stage filter layer 4 of this layer, the water in the gas is separated by centrifugal force and discharged through the drainage channel 5. The gas then passes through the felt net 6 to filter out small particles of sand and dust and salt spray.

[0041] Step 4: The gas composition detector 7, located outside the dust filter layer 61 and the salt spray filter layer pores 62, will detect the gas to be filtered after the treatment in Step 3. The intake control system will adjust the state of the opening and closing device 3 of each layer according to the detection results and the operating status of the gas turbine. The adjustment method is as follows:

[0042] 1) The content of different components in the gas is divided into 4 levels: level 0, level 1, level 2, and level 3. The controller corresponds to different modes according to different levels.

[0043] 2) When the salt spray content is the highest level of all components, the dewatering layer is closed at level 2, and the dewatering layer and sand removal layer are closed at level 3.

[0044] 3) When the dust content is the highest level of all components, the desalination layer is closed at level 2, and the desalination layer and dewatering layer are closed at level 3.

[0045] 4) When the water content is the highest level of all components, the desalination layer is closed at level 2, and the desalination layer and sand removal layer are closed at level 3.

[0046] 5) When all components are at level 0 or 1, all layers are turned on. When there are two or more components at level 2, the sand removal layer is turned off. When there are two or more components at level 3, the sand removal layer and water removal layer are turned off.

[0047] The present invention has higher purification efficiency and lower pressure loss. When encountering ocean waves and large dust particles, it can effectively prevent them from entering the filter. At the same time, it reduces wind resistance and driving resistance during the operation of the submersible. It can adjust the air intake of each part of the filter in real time according to different environmental conditions and different operating conditions of the gas turbine, realize flexible application in multiple scenarios, and increase the maximum service life of the engine.

Claims

1. An air intake filter apparatus for a small underwater vehicle, characterized by: The application relates to an air inlet filtering device for a small submarine, which comprises a water removing layer, a sand removing layer and a salt removing layer, wherein the water removing layer, the sand removing layer and the salt removing layer are arranged from top to bottom, and an opening and closing device is arranged; the water removing layer comprises a base, a louver, an inertial stage filter layer and felt net are sequentially arranged on the base from front to back, a control motor and a sealed sliding oil track are arranged on the side of the base, the sealed sliding oil track extends through the base, the position of the sealed sliding oil track above the base is located between the louver and the inertial stage filter layer, the control motor is connected with a winding shaft, a nylon rope is wound on the winding shaft, a baffle is arranged in the sealed sliding oil track, the nylon rope is connected with the baffle, the control motor drives the winding shaft to rotate the nylon rope to drive the baffle to adjust the position of the baffle; the structures of the sand removing layer and the salt removing layer are the same as that of the water removing layer; the opening and closing device adopts the sealed sliding oil track.

2. An air intake filter assembly for a small underwater vehicle as defined in claim 1, wherein: A drainage channel is arranged on the base in front of the felt net, and a gas component detector is arranged behind the felt net.

3. The air intake filter assembly for small underwater vehicles of claim 1, wherein: The felt net comprises a sand and dust filtering net and a salt mist filtering layer hole arranged in front and back, the cross section of the sand and dust filtering net is trapezoidal, and the lower bottom edge faces the air inlet side.

4. The air intake filter assembly for small underwater vehicles of claim 1, wherein: The height ratio of the water removing layer, the sand removing layer and the salt removing layer is 3:2:

1.

5. The air intake filter assembly for small underwater vehicles of claim 1, wherein: The louver is in an arch shape, the blades are in an inertial stage and gradually expand from inside to outside, and the gap between the blades of the sand removing layer is the smallest.

6. The air intake filter assembly for small underwater vehicles of claim 1, wherein: The blade shape of the inertial stage filter layer is streamline, and the gap between the blades of the water removing layer is the smallest.

7. The air intake filter assembly of claim 1, wherein: The air inlet filtering device further comprises drainage channels with different cavity sizes and slopes, and the cavity size ratio from top to bottom is 3:2:1, and the slopes are 15 DEG, 10 DEG and 5 DEG respectively.

8. The air inlet filtering method of the air inlet filtering device for a small submarine according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: (1) when the submarine engine starts, the opening and closing device on the air inlet side of the filter opens, and the gas flows into the filter body; (2) the filtered gas enters the louver of the filter body, and the louver filters most of the seawater and dust; (3) the filtered gas in step (2) enters the water removing layer, the sand removing layer or the salt removing layer with the opening and closing device in an open state, and the water in the gas is separated by centrifugal force in the inertial stage filter layer, and is discharged through the drainage channel; then the gas passes through the felt net to filter out small particle dust and salt mist; (4) the gas component detector outside the sand and dust filtering layer and the salt mist filtering layer hole detects the filtered gas in step (3), and the state of each layer of the opening and closing device is adjusted according to the detection result and the working state of the gas turbine.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: The adjustment method of step (4) is that: the content of different components in the gas is divided into four levels, including level 0, level 1, level 2 and level 3, different modes are corresponding to different levels; when the content of the salt mist is the highest level of all components, the water removing layer is closed in level 2, and the water removing layer and the sand removing layer are closed in level 3; when the content of the sand dust is the highest level of all components, the salt removing layer is closed in level 2, the salt removing layer and the water removing layer are closed in level 3; when the content of the water is the highest level of all components, the salt removing layer and the sand removing layer are closed in level 2 and level 3 respectively; when the components are in level 0 and level 1, all layers are opened, the sand removing layer is closed when two or more components are in level 2, and the sand removing layer and the water removing layer are closed when two or more components are in level 3.

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