An adaptive ratchet type bi-directional overrunning clutch

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adaptive ratchet-type bi-directional overrunning clutch, which comprises a bi-directional ratchet wheel, a bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel, a central shaft and a bi-directional relief key; the bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel comprises a first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and a second one-way ratchet pawl wheel which are opposite and fitted; a plurality of return springs and a plurality of link groups for connecting the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel are arranged between the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel; ratchet pawls are circumferentially arranged on both the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel; the bi-directional relief key is arranged between the bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel and the central shaft. Compared with the prior art, the present invention does not need to add any operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage according to the speed change or rotation direction change of the main and driven components: when the bi-directional ratchet wheel is the active component, the central shaft and the bi-directional ratchet wheel are automatically bi-directionally engaged; when the central shaft is the active component, the central shaft and the bi-directional ratchet wheel are automatically bi-directionally separated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission systems, and particularly to an adaptive ratchet-type two-way overrunning clutch. Background Art

[0002] An overrunning clutch is one of the basic components in a mechanical transmission system. It is a clutch that automatically engages or disengages with the change of the speed or rotation direction of the main and driven components. It is widely used in fields such as packaging machinery, food machinery, light industry machinery, agricultural machinery, metallurgy and mining, petrochemical industry, machine tools, automobiles, weapons, aviation, and power stations.

[0003] According to the working principle, overrunning clutches can be divided into engagement type and friction type, among which the engagement type is also called ratchet type. The ratchet-type overrunning clutch has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and has high reliability. However, there will be impact and noise during engagement, and it is usually applicable to application scenarios with a small speed difference. The friction-type overrunning clutch has a smooth engagement without impact and a short idle stroke. It can be engaged at any speed and has a wider application range. Its torque transmission range is from 1 - 100000 Nm.

[0004] The application fields of overrunning clutches include the following three types:

[0005] (1) Speed change: The driven component can obtain two speeds, fast and slow, without disconnecting the motion chain.

[0006] (2) Reverse prevention: A one-way overrunning clutch transmits torque in one rotation direction and idles under the action of torque in the opposite direction.

[0007] (3) Intermittent motion: By appropriately combining a two-way overrunning clutch and a one-way overrunning clutch, intermittent motion of a certain law can be realized for the driven component.

[0008] However, all the existing two-way overrunning clutches in the current technology are controllable types. The controllable overrunning clutch consists of a clutch and a mechanical or electromagnetic switching device. That is, only by manually or automatically switching the position where the roller stays in the wedge-shaped channel from the outside can working modes such as forward or reverse one-way overrunning, two-way overrunning, and two-way wedging be selected. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive ratchet-type two-way overrunning clutch to overcome at least one of the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art. This overrunning clutch does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage according to the change of the speed or rotation direction of the main and driven components: when the two-way ratchet is the active component, the central shaft and the two-way ratchet are automatically and bidirectionally engaged; when the central shaft is the active component, the central shaft and the two-way ratchet are automatically and bidirectionally separated.

[0010] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0011] An adaptive ratchet type bi-directional overrunning clutch, which comprises a bi-directional ratchet wheel, a bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel, a central shaft and a bi-directional relief key;

[0012] The bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel includes a first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and a second one-way ratchet pawl wheel which are opposite and fitted to each other; between the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel, there are a plurality of return springs and a plurality of link groups for connecting the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel, enabling them to rotate relative to each other unidirectionally within a certain range. The first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel are both circumferentially provided with ratchet pawls; the bi-directional relief key is arranged between the bi-directional ratchet pawl wheel and the central shaft.

[0013] Further, one side of the bi-directional relief key is in rigid contact with the key side walls of the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel, and the other side has a space for relative rotation with the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel.

[0014] Further, a ratchet pawl spring is arranged in the ratchet pawl groove; one end of the ratchet pawl spring is connected to the ratchet pawl groove, and the other end is connected to the ratchet pawl.

[0015] Further, the link group includes a first link and a second link; between the first link and the second link, there is a link pin shaft for hinging the first link and the second link; the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of first link holes connected to the first link; the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of second link holes connected to the second link.

[0016] Further, the central shaft is provided with an unlocking disc fixedly connected to the central shaft; the unlocking disc is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of link chutes; the link chutes include an upper limit and a lower limit arranged radially; the distance between the upper limit and the lower limit is the stroke of the link pin shaft. The stroke range must meet the requirements for unlocking the central shaft and prevent the mechanism from having a dead point at the same time.

[0017] Further, a ratchet pawl catch is arranged at the end of the ratchet pawl; an unlocking groove is arranged in the middle of the ratchet pawl; the bottom surface of the unlocking groove is an inclined surface structure, called an unlocking inclined surface; the working surfaces of the ratchet pawl catches of the ratchet pawls on the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel and the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel face in opposite directions; the unlocking disc is circumferentially and uniformly provided with unlocking pins inserted into the unlocking grooves and in contact with the unlocking inclined surface.

[0018] Further, the first one-way ratchet pawl wheel is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a first key groove; the second one-way ratchet pawl wheel is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a second key groove; one side of the bi-directional relief key provided with a first relief clearance groove is inserted into the first key groove; one side of the bi-directional relief key provided with a second relief clearance groove is inserted into the second key groove; the first relief clearance groove and the second relief clearance groove are arranged in a staggered and opposite manner on the bi-directional relief key.

[0019] Furthermore, the slot position of the first clearance slot is consistent with the working surface direction of the pawl card in the first one-way ratchet wheel; the slot position of the second clearance slot is consistent with the working surface direction of the pawl card in the second one-way ratchet wheel; if the working surface is to the left, the clearance slot is on the left, and if the working surface is to the right, the clearance slot is on the right.

[0020] Furthermore, the first unidirectional ratchet wheel is evenly provided with a first ratchet groove for placing the ratchet in the circumferential direction; the first unidirectional ratchet wheel is evenly provided with a second ratchet groove for placing the ratchet in the circumferential direction; the first ratchet groove and the second ratchet groove are radially arranged; the ratchet slides radially in the first ratchet groove and the second ratchet groove; the bottom of the first ratchet groove and the second ratchet groove and the bottom surface of the ratchet maintain a gap in the reset state, so that the ratchet can escape from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet wheel when unlocked.

[0021] Furthermore, the first one-way ratchet wheel is evenly provided with a plurality of return spring grooves in the circumferential direction; the second one-way ratchet wheel is evenly provided with a stopper inserted into the return spring groove in the circumferential direction; the return spring is installed in the return spring groove, one end of which is close to the end surface of the return spring groove, and the other end is in contact with the stopper. Through the action of the return spring, the various components of the adaptive ratchet type two-way overrunning clutch can automatically return to the initial state when the external force is removed.

[0022] Furthermore, the bidirectional ratchet is an active component, the rotation speed of the bidirectional ratchet is greater than or equal to the rotation speed of the central shaft, and the central shaft and the bidirectional ratchet are automatically bidirectionally engaged;

[0023] The central shaft is an active component, the rotation speed of the central shaft is greater than or equal to the rotation speed of the bidirectional ratchet, and the central shaft and the bidirectional ratchet are automatically separated in both directions.

[0024] Furthermore, the width dimensions of the first clearance groove and the second clearance groove must ensure that the unlocking pin of the central shaft has sufficient unlocking space, that is, when the central shaft is an active component, there is sufficient relative rotation space between the central shaft and the bidirectional ratchet wheel, so that the unlocking pin of the central shaft can push the unlocking inclined surfaces of the pawls on the first one-way ratchet wheel and the second one-way ratchet wheel to disengage the pawls from the tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet wheel.

[0025] Furthermore, the relationship between the width of the first clearance groove and the second clearance groove and the height h of the ratchet teeth of the bidirectional ratchet must satisfy:

[0026]

[0027] Wherein: Δ is the width of the first clearance groove and the second clearance groove, h is the tooth height of the bidirectional ratchet, D1 is the circumferential diameter of the unlocking pin, and D2 is the diameter of the central axis.

[0028] Furthermore, the width dimensions of the first relief clearance groove and the second relief clearance groove are related to the upper and lower limits of the connecting rod chute of the central axis and cannot interfere with each other.

[0029] Furthermore, the bidirectional relief key can be replaced by other structures with similar functions and principles.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0031] (1) In the self-adaptive ratchet type bidirectional overrunning clutch of the present invention, the first one-way ratchet wheel, the first one-way ratchet wheel, the connecting rod group, the central axis and its connecting rod chute are connected to form the working relationship of a six-bar mechanism. With the cooperation of the bidirectional relief key, the components of the self-adaptive ratchet type bidirectional overrunning clutch become an integral whole with coordinated motion; when the bidirectional ratchet is active and the rotational speed of the bidirectional ratchet is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the central axis, the first one-way ratchet wheel and the second one-way ratchet wheel can support each other and transmit the load, so as to realize the bidirectional automatic engagement between the bidirectional ratchet and the central axis; when the central axis is active, the connecting rod group can coordinate the motion relationship among the first one-way ratchet wheel, the second one-way ratchet wheel and the central axis, so that the three will not have motion interference, and the unlocking pin of the central axis releases the meshing relationship between the first one-way ratchet wheel, the second one-way ratchet wheel and the bidirectional ratchet, so as to realize the bidirectional automatic separation of the motion between the bidirectional ratchet and the central axis.

[0032] (2) The self-adaptive ratchet type bidirectional overrunning clutch of the present invention does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage according to the speed change or rotation direction change of the main and driven components: when the bidirectional ratchet is the active component, the central axis and the bidirectional ratchet are automatically bidirectionally engaged; when the central axis is the active component, the central axis and the bidirectional ratchet are automatically bidirectionally separated.

[0033] (3) The self-adaptive ratchet type bidirectional overrunning clutch of the present invention has the technical characteristics of simple structure, reliable operation and wide application range. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] Figure 1 It is a partial anatomical sketch of the self-adaptive ratchet type bidirectional overrunning clutch in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 2 It is an assembly and disassembly sketch of the bidirectional ratchet wheel in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first one-way ratchet wheel in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second one-way ratchet wheel in the embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ratchet pawl in the embodiment;

[0039] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the central axis in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the two-way relief key in the embodiment;

[0041] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship and relief clearance of the connecting rod group in the embodiment;

[0042] As shown in the figure by the reference numerals: 1 - two-way ratchet; 2 - two-way pawl wheel; 3 - central axis; 4 - two-way relief key; 21 - first one-way pawl wheel; 22 - second one-way pawl wheel; 23 - return spring; 24 - connecting rod group; 25 - pawl; 26 - pawl spring; 211 - first connecting rod hole; 212 - return spring groove; 213 - first key groove; 214 - first pawl groove; 221 - second connecting rod hole; 222 - stop; 223 - second key groove; 224 - second pawl groove; 251 - pawl catch; 252 - unlocking groove; 253 - unlocking inclined surface; 35 - upper limit; 36 - lower limit; 31 - unlocking disc; 32 - third key groove; 33 - connecting rod sliding groove; 34 - unlocking pin; 41 - first relief clearance groove; 42 - second relief clearance groove; 241 - first connecting rod; 242 - second connecting rod; 243 - connecting rod pin shaft. Detailed implementation manners

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners and specific operation processes are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0044] Embodiment

[0045] An adaptive pawl type two-way overrunning clutch is composed of a two-way ratchet 1, a two-way pawl wheel 2, a central axis 3, a two-way relief key 4, etc., as Figure 1 shown.

[0046] The two-way pawl wheel 2 is composed of a first one-way pawl wheel 21, a second one-way pawl wheel 22, a return spring 23, a connecting rod group 24, a pawl 25 and a pawl spring 26, as Figure 2 shown. The first one-way pawl wheel 21 and the second one-way pawl wheel 22 are relatively installed on both sides of the unlocking disc 31 of the central axis 3 and are connected to each other through the return spring 23 and the connecting rod group 24, so that they can rotate relative to each other unidirectionally within a certain range.

[0047] For the first one-way pawl wheel 21 and the second one-way pawl wheel 22, each one-way pawl wheel can achieve engagement in one direction and separation in the opposite direction.

[0048] The first one-way ratchet wheel 21 is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a first connecting rod hole 211, a return spring groove 212, a first key groove 213, a first ratchet pawl groove 214, etc., as Figure 3 shown.

[0049] The second one-way ratchet wheel 22 is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a second connecting rod hole 221, a stop 222, a second key groove 223, a second ratchet pawl groove 224, etc., as Figure 4 shown.

[0050] The ratchet pawls 25 are respectively installed in the first ratchet pawl grooves 214 and the second ratchet pawl grooves 224 which are circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, and the working surfaces of the ratchet pawl cards 25 thereon face in opposite directions.

[0051] The first ratchet pawl grooves 214 and the second ratchet pawl grooves 215 on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 are radially arranged, and the ratchet pawls 25 can slide radially in the first ratchet pawl grooves 214 and the second ratchet pawl grooves 215; there is a certain gap between the bottoms of the first ratchet pawl grooves 214 and the second ratchet pawl grooves 215 and the bottom surfaces of the ratchet pawls 25 in the reset state, so that the ratchet pawls 25 can escape from the tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet wheel 1 when being unlocked.

[0052] The stop 222 of the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 is inserted into the return spring groove 212 of the first ratchet wheel 21.

[0053] The return spring 23 of the bidirectional ratchet wheel 2 is installed in the return spring groove 212 which is circumferentially and uniformly arranged on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21. One end of the return spring 23 abuts against the end face of the return spring groove 212, and the other end acts on the stop 222 of the second ratchet wheel 22, so that the components of the adaptive roller type bidirectional overrunning clutch can automatically return to the initial state when the external force is withdrawn.

[0054] The connecting rod group 24 of the bidirectional ratchet wheel 2 is located between the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, and on both sides of the unlocking disc 31 of the central shaft 3, as Figure 8 shown. In this embodiment, a connecting rod group includes two connecting rods: a first connecting rod 241 and a second connecting rod 242. The first connecting rod 241 and the second connecting rod 242 are co-hinged with the connecting rod pin shaft 243, and the connecting rod pin shaft 243 can slide radially in the sliding groove 33 of the unlocking disc 31 of the central shaft 3. The connecting rod 241 is connected to the first connecting rod hole 211 of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21, and the connecting rod 242 is connected to the second connecting rod hole 221 of the second one-way ratchet wheel 22.

[0055] The central shaft 3 includes an unlocking disc 31, a third key groove 32, a connecting rod sliding groove 33, an unlocking pin 34, etc., as Figure 6As shown. The unlocking disc 31 is fixedly connected to the central shaft 3, and a radial connecting rod chute 33 is provided thereon. The connecting rod chute 33 is divided into an upper limit 35 and a lower limit 36. The distance between the upper limit 35 and the lower limit 36 of the connecting rod chute 33 is the stroke of the connecting rod pin shaft 243, and its stroke must meet the requirements for unlocking the central shaft 3 and prevent the mechanism from having a dead point at the same time..

[0056] The unlocking pins 34 on the central shaft 3 are circumferentially and evenly arranged and are respectively inserted into the unlocking slots 252 of the pawls 25 on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, and are in contact with the unlocking inclined surfaces 253 of the pawls 25. The structure of the pawl 25 is as Figure 5 shown.

[0057] The structure of the two-way yielding key 4 is as Figure 7 shown, and it is arranged between the first one-way ratchet wheel 21, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the central shaft 3. One side is in rigid contact with the key side walls of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, and there is a space for relative rotation on the other side with the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22. That is, the movement of one side of the ratchet wheel is free, and the movement of the other side is restricted.

[0058] The first yielding clearance groove 41 and the second yielding clearance groove 42 in the upper half of the two-way yielding key 4 are arranged in a staggered and opposite manner. Among them, the first yielding clearance groove 41 corresponds to the first one-way ratchet wheel 21, and the second yielding clearance groove 42 corresponds to the second one-way ratchet wheel 22; the lower half is embedded in the third key groove 33 of the central shaft 3, and the working surface is in close contact with the key wall.

[0059] The notch positions of the first yielding clearance groove 41 and the second yielding clearance groove 42 of the two-way yielding key 4 are consistent with the working surface orientations of the pawl catches 251 of the corresponding ratchet wheels. When the working surface faces left, the yielding groove is on the left, and when the working surface faces right, the yielding groove is on the right. In the embodiment, the working surface of the pawl catch 251 on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 faces left. Therefore, the first yielding clearance groove 41 of the two-way yielding key 4 corresponding to the first key groove 213 of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 is arranged on the left side of the key; similarly, the working surface of the pawl catch 251 on the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 faces right. Therefore, the second yielding clearance groove 42 of the two-way yielding key 4 corresponding to the second key groove 223 of the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 is arranged on the right side of the key.

[0060] The width dimensions of the first yielding clearance groove 41 and the second yielding clearance groove 42 of the two-way yielding key 4 must meet the requirement that there is enough relative rotation space between the central shaft 3 and the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, so that the unlocking pin 34 of the central shaft 3 can push the pawl 25 out of the tooth groove of the two-way ratchet 1.

[0061] The positional relationship between the first yielding clearance groove 41 and the second yielding clearance groove 42 of the two-way yielding key 4 and other components is asFigure 8 As shown, the relationship between the width dimension and the height dimension h of the ratchet teeth of the bidirectional ratchet 1:

[0062]

[0063] Where: Δ is the width dimension of the first relief clearance groove 41 and the second relief clearance groove 42, h is the tooth height of the bidirectional ratchet 1, D1 is the circumferential diameter of the unlocking pin 304, and D2 is the diameter of the central shaft 3.

[0064] The width dimensions of the first relief clearance groove 41 and the second relief clearance groove 42 of the bidirectional relief key 4 are related to the upper limit 35 and the lower limit 36 of the connecting rod chute 33 of the central shaft 3, and they cannot interfere with each other.

[0065] In this embodiment, the self - adaptive ratchet - type bidirectional overrunning clutch forms the kinematic relationship of a six - bar mechanism by connecting the first one - way ratchet wheel 21, the second one - way ratchet wheel 22, the central shaft 3, etc. through the connecting rod group 24, making it an integral whole with coordinated motion.

[0066] The detailed working process of the self - adaptive ratchet - type bidirectional overrunning clutch in this embodiment:

[0067] I. Reset state

[0068] The self - adaptive ratchet - type bidirectional overrunning clutch makes each part maintain the correct relative position relationship through the circumferentially uniformly arranged reset spring 23:

[0069] (1) The ratchet claws 25 on the first one - way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one - way ratchet wheel 22 are respectively inserted into the corresponding tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet 1;

[0070] (2) The unlocking pin 34 of the central shaft 3 is at the middle position of the unlocking groove 252 of the ratchet claws 25 on the first one - way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one - way ratchet wheel 22;

[0071] (3) The first key grooves 213 and the second key grooves 223 of the first one - way ratchet wheel 21 and the second one - way ratchet wheel 22 are in close contact with the non - relief side of the bidirectional relief key 4 without clearance;

[0072] (4) The connecting rod pin shaft 243 of the connecting rod group 24 is at the lower extreme position of the connecting rod chute 33 of the central shaft 3.

[0073] II. Engagement state

[0074] 1. The bidirectional ratchet 1 is the driving component and rotates clockwise; the central shaft 3 is the driven component, fixed or the rotational speed of the bidirectional ratchet 1 is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the central shaft 3;

[0075] The ratchet pawl 251 on the two-way ratchet 1 acts on the first one-way ratchet wheel 21. Due to the first clearance groove 41 between the ratchet wheel 21 and the two-way relief key 4, the two-way ratchet 1 can drive the ratchet wheel 21 to rotate in the same direction. There is no clearance between the non-relief side of the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the two-way relief key 4. Therefore, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 maintains the same motion state as the central shaft 3.

[0076] Under the synergistic action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, the first connecting rod 241, the second connecting rod 242, the central shaft 3 and the chute 33, the central shaft 3 is relatively fixed. Restricted by the two-way relief key 4, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the ratchet wheel 21 can transfer the torque of the two-way ratchet 1 to the central shaft 3 through the following force transmission path: two-way ratchet 1 → ratchet pawl 251 → first one-way ratchet wheel 21 → first connecting rod 241 → second connecting rod 242 → second one-way ratchet wheel 22 → central shaft 3.

[0077] Thus, the automatic engagement between the central shaft 3 and the two-way ratchet 1 is achieved.

[0078] 2. The two-way ratchet 1 is the driving part and rotates counterclockwise; the central shaft 3 is the driven part, fixed or the rotation speed of the two-way ratchet 1 is greater than or equal to the rotation speed of the central shaft 3;

[0079] The ratchet pawl 251 on the two-way ratchet 3 acts on the second one-way ratchet wheel 22. Due to the second clearance groove 42 between the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the two-way relief key 4, the two-way ratchet 1 can drive the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 to rotate in the same direction. There is no clearance between the non-relief side of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the two-way relief key 4. Therefore, the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 maintains the same motion state as the central shaft 3.

[0080] Under the synergistic action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the first one-way ratchet wheel 21, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, the first connecting rod 241, the second connecting rod 242, the central shaft 3 and the chute 33, the central shaft 3 is relatively fixed. Restricted by the two-way relief key 4, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 can transfer the torque of the two-way ratchet 1 to the central shaft 3 through the following force transmission path: two-way ratchet 1 → ratchet pawl 251 → second one-way ratchet wheel 22 → second connecting rod 242 → first connecting rod 241 → first one-way ratchet wheel 21 → central shaft 3.

[0081] Thus, the automatic engagement between the central shaft 3 and the two-way ratchet 1 is achieved.

[0082] III. Separation state

[0083] 1. The central shaft 3 is the driving component and rotates clockwise; the two-way ratchet 1 is the driven component, fixed or the rotation speed of the central shaft 3 is greater than or equal to the rotation speed of the two-way ratchet 1;

[0084] Since there is no clearance between the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the non-yielding side of the two-way yielding key 4, the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 will rotate in the same direction as the central shaft 3, and the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 will disengage from the two-way ratchet wheel 1.

[0085] Due to the second yielding gap 242 between the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the two-way yielding key 4, the central shaft 3 cannot drive the ratchet wheel 22 to move in the same direction, and the pawl catch 251 is not stressed.

[0086] The unlocking pin 34 on the central shaft 3 acts on the unlocking inclined surface 253 of the pawl 25 on the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, pushing the pawl 25 to move radially towards the axis, causing it to disengage from the tooth groove of the two-way ratchet wheel 1, releasing the meshing relationship between the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the two-way ratchet wheel 1, and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 disengages from the two-way ratchet wheel 1.

[0087] 2. The central shaft 3 is the driving part, rotating counterclockwise; the two-way ratchet wheel 1 is the driven part, fixed or the rotational speed of the central shaft 3 is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the two-way ratchet wheel 1;

[0088] Since there is no clearance between the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 and the non-yielding side of the two-way yielding key 4, the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 will rotate in the same direction as the central shaft 3, and the second one-way ratchet wheel 22 will disengage from the two-way ratchet wheel 1.

[0089] Due to the first yielding gap groove 241 between the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 and the two-way yielding key 4, the central shaft 3 cannot drive the first one-way ratchet wheel 21 to move in the same direction, and the pawl catch 251 is not stressed.

[0090] The unlocking pin 34 on the central shaft 3 acts on the unlocking inclined surface 253 of the pawl 25 on the second one-way ratchet wheel 22, pushing the pawl 25 to move radially towards the axis, causing it to disengage from the tooth groove of the two-way ratchet wheel 1, releasing the meshing relationship between the ratchet wheel 22 and the two-way ratchet wheel 1, and the ratchet wheel 22 disengages from the two-way ratchet wheel 1.

[0091] Thus, the two-way automatic separation of the central shaft 3 and the two-way ratchet wheel 1 is achieved.

[0092] In summary, the self-adaptive pawl type two-way overrunning clutch of the present invention does not require any additional operating mechanism and can complete automatic engagement or disengagement according to the speed change or rotation direction change of the main and driven components:

[0093] When the two-way ratchet wheel 1 is the driving part, the rotational speed of the two-way ratchet wheel 1 is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the central shaft 3, and the central shaft 3 and the two-way ratchet wheel 1 are automatically engaged in both directions.

[0094] When the central shaft 3 is the driving part, the rotational speed of the central shaft 3 is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the two-way ratchet wheel 1, and the central shaft 3 and the two-way ratchet wheel 1 are automatically separated in both directions.

[0095] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any other form. Any person skilled in the relevant art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive ratchet type bi-directional overrunning clutch, characterized in that, The overrunning clutch includes a bidirectional ratchet wheel (1), a bidirectional pawl wheel (2), a central shaft (3) and a bidirectional relief key (4); The bidirectional pawl wheel (2) includes a first one-way pawl wheel (21) and a second one-way pawl wheel (22) that are opposite and fitted together; between the first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22), there are provided a plurality of return springs (23) and a plurality of link groups (24) for connecting the first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22); The first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22) are both circumferentially provided with pawls (25); the bidirectional relief key (4) is arranged between the bidirectional pawl wheel (2) and the central shaft (3); One side of the bidirectional relief key (4) is in rigid contact with the key side walls of the first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22), and the other side has a space for relative rotation with the first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22).

2. The self - adaptive ratchet - type bi - directional overrunning clutch according to claim 1, wherein, The The first one-way pawl wheel (21) is provided with a pawl groove, and a pawl spring (26) is arranged in the pawl groove. One end of the pawl spring (26) is connected to the pawl groove (214), and the other end is connected to the pawl (25).

3. The self - adaptive ratchet - type bi - directional overrunning clutch according to claim 1, wherein, The link group (24) includes a first link (241) and a second link (242); between the first link (241) and the second link (242), there is provided a link pin shaft (243) for hinging the first link (241) and the second link (242); The first one-way pawl wheel (21) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of first link holes (212) connected to the first link (241); the second one-way pawl wheel (22) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of second link holes (222) connected to the second link (242).

4. The self - adaptive ratchet - type bi - directional overrunning clutch according to claim 3, wherein, A unlocking disc (31) fixedly connected to the central shaft (3) is provided around the central shaft (3); The unlocking disc (31) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of link chutes (33); the link chutes (33) include an upper limit (35) and a lower limit (36) arranged radially; the distance between the upper limit (35) and the lower limit (36) is the stroke of the link pin shaft (243).

5. An adaptive ratchet-type bi-directional overrunning clutch according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the pawl (25) is provided with a pawl catch (251); the middle of the pawl (25) is provided with an unlocking groove (252); the groove surface of the unlocking groove (252) is an inclined surface structure; The working surfaces of the pawl catches (251) of the pawls (25) located on the first one-way pawl wheel (21) and the second one-way pawl wheel (22) face in opposite directions; the unlocking disc (31) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with unlocking pins (34) inserted into the unlocking grooves (252) and in contact with the inclined surface structure.

6. The self - adaptive ratchet - type bi - directional overrunning clutch according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first one-way pawl wheel (21) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a first key groove (214); the second one-way pawl wheel (22) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a second key groove (224); One side of the bidirectional relief key (4) provided with a first relief gap groove (41) is inserted into the first key groove (214); one side of the bidirectional relief key (4) provided with a second relief gap groove (42) is inserted into the second key groove (224); the first relief gap groove (41) and the second relief gap groove (42) are arranged opposite to each other with a dislocation on the bidirectional relief key (4). The notch position of the first relief gap groove (41) is consistent with the working surface orientation of the pawl catch (251) in the first one-way ratchet wheel (21); the notch position of the second relief gap groove (42) is consistent with the working surface orientation of the pawl catch (251) in the second one-way ratchet wheel (22).

7. An adaptive ratchet type bi-directional overrunning clutch according to claim 1, wherein, The first one-way ratchet wheel (21) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a first pawl groove (214) for placing the pawl (25); the second one-way ratchet wheel (22) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a second pawl groove (215) for placing the pawl (25). The first pawl groove (214) and the second pawl groove (215) are radially arranged; the pawl (25) slides radially in the first pawl groove (214) and the second pawl groove (215).

8. An adaptive ratchet type bi-directional overrunning clutch according to claim 1, wherein, The first one-way ratchet wheel (21) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with a plurality of return spring grooves (213); the second one-way ratchet wheel (22) is circumferentially and uniformly provided with stoppers (223) inserted into the return spring grooves (213). The return spring (23) is installed in the return spring groove (213), one end abuts against the end face of the return spring groove (213), and the other end abuts against the stopper (223).

9. The self - adaptive ratchet - type bi - directional overrunning clutch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bidirectional ratchet (1) is the active component, the rotational speed of the bidirectional ratchet (1) is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the central shaft (3), and the central shaft (3) is automatically and bidirectionally engaged with the bidirectional ratchet (1). The central shaft (3) is the active component, the rotational speed of the central shaft (3) is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the bidirectional ratchet (1), and the central shaft (3) is automatically and bidirectionally separated from the bidirectional ratchet (1).

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