A device for observing the lubrication status of a cam-glass disk contact pair

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of high-pair contact lubricating oil film measurement technology, specifically relating to a cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication state observation device. The main structure includes a support frame and a main shaft transmission unit, cam limiting unit, crank push rod unit, and base loading unit located below it, as well as a glass disk rotation unit, oil film observation unit, friction force measurement unit, and cam transmission unit located above it. Under cyclic impact loads, based on the cam-glass disk contact pair oil film measuring instrument, the lubrication state of the contact pair is observed by simulating the working state of the cam-glass disk contact pair in the engine exhaust system. A purely mechanical transmission method is used to simulate the impact of in-cylinder oil-gas explosion on the lubricating oil film of the cam-glass disk friction pair. The base loading unit applies flexible loading to the cam-glass disk contact pair when there is no impact, and the cam limiting unit makes the impact process faster and less disruptive. Its structure is simple, the mechanical transmission is reliable, and the operation is convenient.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-pair contact lubricating oil film measurement technology, specifically relating to a cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication state observation device, which can measure the oil film state of the exhaust cam-glass disk contact pair of an internal combustion engine under cyclic impact. Background technology:

[0002] Friction and wear are ubiquitous phenomena during machine operation. The friction and wear of moving parts is a technical problem that scholars are constantly exploring, leading to extensive research on how to reduce friction and wear. However, the actual lubrication contact state of the contact area between relatively moving parts cannot be directly measured. Among these methods, measuring the lubricating oil film in the contact area between two relatively moving parts is a crucial technique, helping to reveal the mechanism of friction and wear more intuitively. Cam-glass disc mechanisms are prevalent in various machines, especially valve mechanisms in various engines. As a higher-pair mechanism in contact mechanics, the cam-glass disc pair in valve mechanisms experiences severe wear during engine operation, necessitating in-depth research into its friction and wear mechanism. However, existing cam-glass disc contact pair oil film measuring instruments have the following limitations: 1) They can only measure the oil film of the cam-glass disc contact pair under static load; 2) They can only simulate the working state of the intake section of the engine valve mechanism, and cannot measure the impact of exhaust gas combustion impact on the lubrication state of the cam-glass disc contact pair. For example, Chinese Patent 201910118575 discloses a cam-glass disk contact pair lubricating oil film measuring instrument with the following main structure: a structural experimental platform support serves as a support structure to support various components, including a horizontal bottom support plate and an upper support plate, which are connected by support columns; a glass disk rotation unit, located on the bottom support plate of the experimental platform support, includes a glass disk, capable of fixing and adjusting the transparent glass disk while rotating it, wherein elastic elements, including rubber pads, are used as buffer devices on both the upper and lower surfaces of the glass disk; and a transmission system... The unit includes a cam that forms a friction pair with the glass disk. The cam is located diagonally below the glass disk rotation unit, and a drive motor drives the camshaft to rotate, causing relative motion with the glass disk. The friction force measurement unit is located below the glass disk rotation unit and includes a sensor for measuring friction force, used to measure the friction force generated by the contact between the glass disk when it is static and the cam when it is dynamic. The loading unit is used to load the cam-glass disk contact pair to make the loading process smoother. The micro-interference unit is located above the glass disk rotation unit and is used to measure and display the thickness and shape of the lubricating oil film on the glass disk.The glass disk rotation unit includes an elastic element, a glass disk, an outer sleeve, bearings, a main shaft, a cross rod, end caps, steel pads, a glass disk pressure sleeve, and screws. The glass disk is fitted onto the main shaft, with steel pads on both the upper and lower sides. An elastic element for cushioning is placed between the glass disk and the steel pads. A glass disk pressure sleeve for leveling is fitted on the upper steel pad, and six leveling screws are evenly distributed on the glass disk pressure sleeve. On the lower side of the lower steel pad, end caps, bearings, and a cross rod are sequentially fitted onto the main shaft. On the lower side of the cross rod, bearings and end caps are sequentially arranged. An outer sleeve is placed between the two end caps. The two cross rods of the cross rod have transversely extending through holes at corresponding positions on the outer sleeve, allowing the two cross rods to pass through these through holes and swing left and right. The rotation of the main shaft simultaneously drives the glass disk to rotate. When the glass disk is static and the cam is rotating, the frictional force during the cam-glass disk motion is measured through the cross rod.The friction force measurement unit includes a sensor, a displacement stage, and a sensor bracket. Two sets of sensors are located on either side of the two crossbars of a crossbar. The friction force between the cam and the glass disk is transmitted to the sensor through the crossbar, and then collected by an amplifier and the main unit. The sensor is fixed on the sensor bracket, and a displacement stage is set on the lower side of the sensor bracket. The transmission unit also includes an end cover, a camshaft, a bearing support, a transmission plate, and a swing plate. Bearings are respectively set on the two bearing supports, and the swing plate is connected to the bearings and can rotate with the bearings. A horizontal plate is connected between the two bearings, and a transmission plate is bolted to the horizontal plate. The transmission plate and the horizontal plate are arranged crosswise, and a square connecting block is bolted to the end of the transmission plate. A bearing is embedded in the square connecting block, and a bearing shaft is sleeved in the bearing. A cam and a pulley are respectively connected to both ends of the bearing shaft. A drive motor is also set on the horizontal plate and connected to the pulley via a belt drive, which drives the cam to move. The cam rests against the lower side of the glass disk. During the contact movement with the glass disk, the cam converts the up-and-down movement of the cam into the swing of the swing plate and the horizontal plate through the swing plate. The loading unit includes a top bearing, a force... The loading unit consists of a sensor, core, spring, limiting screw, loading disc, loading rod, handwheel, screw, end cap, bearing 2, loading outer sleeve, retaining ring, ejector pin, and bearing shaft. In the loading unit, the handwheel, used to adjust the loading force, is located at the bottom. A loading rod is connected to its upper side, causing it to rotate. The loading rod has a threaded structure, which connects to the loading disc. The rotation of the loading rod and the screw restrict the rotation of the loading disc, allowing it to move only up and down. A spring is located above the loading disc to transmit the load; the up-and-down movement of the loading disc transmits the load through the spring. The loading cylinder is located on top of a spring, with a force sensor connected to its upper end. A loading sleeve is installed on the outside of the spring, its lower end connected to the lower end of a loading rod via an end cap. A pin is installed on the upper part of the force sensor, with a top bearing connected to it. The top bearing and pin are in contact with the bottom of a square connecting block on the transmission plate, where loading is applied. A vertical groove is cut into the loading sleeve at the top, through which the force sensor's connection line is connected to a digital display, allowing real-time monitoring of the applied force for load control. Based on the importance of exhaust section research in the study of valve mechanisms and friction and wear mechanisms, a cam-glass disc contact pair lubrication state observation device was developed and designed to measure the lubrication state of the internal combustion engine exhaust cam pair under impact load conditions. Summary of the Invention:

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and to design a cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication condition observation device. The device simulates high pair contact by rotating the cam to contact the glass disk and performs cyclic impact to measure the oil film condition of the cam-glass disk contact pair.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the main structure of the cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication condition observation device of the present invention includes a support and a main shaft transmission unit, a cam limiting unit, a crank push rod unit and a base loading unit arranged below it, and a glass disk rotation unit, an oil film observation unit, a friction force measurement unit and a cam transmission unit arranged above it; the main shaft transmission unit is connected to the cam limiting unit and the crank push rod unit respectively, the crank push rod unit is in contact with the base loading unit, the base loading unit is in contact with the cam transmission unit, the oil film observation unit is arranged above the glass disk rotation unit, two friction force measurement units are symmetrically arranged on both sides below the glass disk rotation unit, and the cam transmission unit is arranged on the side of the glass disk rotation unit.

[0005] The main structure of the spindle transmission unit involved in this invention includes a No. 1 motor and a No. 1 stepped shaft connected thereto, and a No. 1 bearing connected to the No. 1 stepped shaft; the main structure of the cam limiting unit includes a hinge support and a double Y-joint rod provided thereon, an inner ring type tie rod and an IY joint rod connected to the double Y-joint rod, a grooved cam connected to the IY joint rod via a joint threaded rod, and a follower bearing provided between the joint threaded rod and the grooved cam; the main structure of the crank push rod unit includes a No. 2 sleeve and a No. 1 ejector pin and a No. 1 cylinder core provided inside it, a No. 2 spring provided around the No. 1 cylinder core, a limiting rod provided outside the No. 2 sleeve, a threaded rod connected to the No. 1 cylinder core, and a No. 1 joint and crank disc connected to the threaded rod; the foundation is reinforced. The main structure of the loading unit includes a loading outer sleeve and a second core inside it, a loading rod connected to the second core, a third spring surrounding the second core and the loading rod, a loading disc sleeved on the loading rod, a punching rod outside the loading outer sleeve, a top bearing at the top of the second ejector pin, and a handwheel connected to the loading rod; the main structure of the glass disc rotation unit includes a main shaft and a glass disc, crossbar, steel pad, and buffer element sleeved on it; the main structure of the oil film observation unit includes a microscope support stage and a microscope mounted on it; the main structure of the friction force measurement unit includes a sensor; the main structure of the cam transmission unit includes a left swing plate and a transmission plate connected to it, a second motor, and a cam connected to it.

[0006] The bracket involved in this invention is the main frame supporting various components; the main shaft transmission unit is the power source for the cyclic impact force, operating synchronously with the cam transmission unit and having a timing function; the cam limiting unit controls the timing of the impact force release of the crank pushrod unit, restricting pressure release when the pressure of the second spring increases, so that the crank pushrod unit releases the impact force when the pressure of the second spring reaches its maximum value; the crank pushrod unit stores and releases the pressure of the second spring in any cycle, adjusting the impact force; the base loading unit applies a base load to the cam-glass disk contact pair, placing the crank pushrod unit... The impact force is transmitted to the cam-glass disk contact pair, and flexible loading is applied when there is no impact; the glass disk in the glass disk rotation unit can rotate and adjust, and steel pads and buffer elements are used to reduce the vibration generated by the glass disk during operation; the microscope in the oil film observation unit is used to observe the lubrication status between the glass disk and the cam; the sensor in the friction force measurement unit is used to measure the friction force generated by the contact pair when the glass disk and the cam move relative to each other; the cam in the cam transmission unit is located on the side of the glass disk and forms a contact pair with the glass disk. The cam rotates under the drive of the second motor and generates friction with the relative movement of the glass disk.

[0007] The grooved cam and crank disc involved in this invention are respectively connected to the first stepped shaft key. The grooved cam and crank disc are axially positioned by a set screw. The second ejector pin is coaxial with the outer end of the horizontal disc of the punch rod and is located below it. When the limit rod is static, the inner ring pull rod has axial movement space.

[0008] When the follower bearing of the present invention falls with the rotation of the grooved cam, the threaded rod of the connector falls and drives the end of the double Y connector rod close to the hinge support to fall, and the inner ring pull rod rises, so that the crank push rod unit completes the impact force release action; otherwise, it is a limiting action.

[0009] The crankshaft rotation drives the threaded rod to reciprocate axially. When the threaded rod reciprocates axially with the second spring seat, the force is transmitted to the first cylinder core through the second spring. When the circumferential movement of the second spring seat is restricted by the stop wrench, rotating the threaded rod causes the second spring seat to rise and press against the second spring, thus adjusting the impact force. In addition, after fixing the threaded rod and loosening the first joint, the threaded rod can rotate freely without affecting the second joint and its lower structure. When the second spring seat is circumferentially fixed, it can move up and down with the rotation of the threaded rod, thereby increasing or decreasing the impact force.

[0010] Rotating the handwheel drives the loading rod to rotate synchronously, causing the loading disk to move up and down, transferring the load to the No. 3 spring, which ultimately acts on the No. 2 cylinder core. The outer ring of the top bearing contacts one end of the transmission plate with a square bearing seat, applying a basic load to the transmission plate. When the cam rotates, it drives the glass disk to rotate, which in turn drives the cross rod to rotate and contact the sensor, thereby measuring the frictional force of the cam-glass disk contact pair.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, this invention, under cyclic impact loads, utilizes a cam-glass disc contact pair oil film measuring instrument to simulate the working state of the cam-glass disc contact pair in an engine exhaust system, observe the lubrication state of the contact pair, and employs a purely mechanical transmission method to simulate the impact of in-cylinder oil-gas explosion on the lubricating oil film of the cam-glass disc friction pair. The basic loading unit applies flexible loading to the cam-glass disc contact pair without impact, and the cam limiting unit makes the impact process faster and less disruptive. Its structure is simple, the mechanical transmission is reliable, and the operation is convenient. Based on the observation of the contact pair lubrication state, it can adjust and measure the impact force and initial load, as well as the friction force, with a high degree of adjustability and broad application prospects. Attached image description:

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the spindle drive unit involved in this invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the spindle drive unit involved in the present invention.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the cam limiting unit involved in this invention.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cam limiting unit involved in the present invention.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the crank-follower unit involved in this invention.

[0018] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the crank-follower unit involved in the present invention.

[0019] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the basic loading unit involved in this invention.

[0020] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the basic loading unit involved in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the glass disk rotation unit involved in this invention.

[0022] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the friction force measuring unit involved in this invention.

[0023] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural principle of the cam transmission unit involved in this invention. Detailed implementation method:

[0024] The invention will be further described below through implementation examples and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example 1:

[0026] The main structure of the cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device involved in this embodiment includes a bracket 1 composed of an upper platform 101, a lower base plate 102, support columns 103, a sliding key rail 104, a translation panel 105, support screws 106, and a mounting plate 107. Specifically, the rectangular plate-shaped upper platform 101 and the lower base plate 102 are connected into a frame-like integral structure by four cylindrical support columns 103. The translation panel 105 is installed on the sliding key rail 104 embedded in the upper platform 101. Support screws 106 are provided at the four corners of the lower base plate 102. A mounting plate 107 is also provided between the upper platform 101 and the lower base plate 102. A mounting plate 107 with a rectangular plate structure is provided; a main shaft transmission unit 2 is provided on the lower base plate 102, and the main shaft transmission unit 2 is connected to the cam limiting unit 3 and the crank push rod unit 4 provided on the mounting plate 107 respectively. The crank push rod unit 4 is in contact with the base loading unit 5 provided below the translation panel 105. An oil film observation unit 7 is provided above the glass disk rotation unit 6, a friction force measuring unit 8 is provided below it, and a cam transmission unit 9 is provided on the side. The oil film observation unit 7, the friction force measuring unit 8 and the cam transmission unit 9 are all provided on the translation panel 105, and the cam transmission unit 9 is in contact with the base loading unit 5.

[0027] The main structure of the spindle transmission unit 2 involved in this embodiment includes a first motor 201, a first bearing housing 202, a motor bracket 203, a bearing housing bracket 204, a coupling 205, a first stepped shaft 206, a first bearing 207, and a first preload nut 208. The first motor 201 and the first bearing housing 202 are respectively mounted on the lower base plate 102 via the motor bracket 203 and the bearing housing bracket 204. The first motor 201 is connected to one end of the first stepped shaft 206 via the coupling 205, and the other end of the first stepped shaft 206 is connected to the first step shaft 206 via the coupling 205. A No. 1 bearing 207 is installed inside the No. 1 bearing housing 202, and a No. 1 preload nut 208 is installed between the No. 1 stepped shaft 206 and the No. 1 bearing 207. The pair of No. 1 bearings 207 installed inside the No. 1 bearing housing 202 are separated by a bushing. The outer ring of one side of the No. 1 bearing 207 is positioned by the boss in the hole of the No. 1 bearing housing 202 and the shoulder of the No. 1 stepped shaft 206. The other side of the No. 1 bearing 207 is positioned by the elastic retaining ring and the preload nut 208. The No. 1 preload nut 208 can also axially position the No. 1 bearing housing 202.

[0028] The main structure of the cam limiting unit 3 involved in this embodiment includes a hinge support 301, a hinge support bracket 302, a double Y-joint rod 303, an inner ring type tie rod 304, an IY joint rod 305, a joint threaded rod 306, a grooved cam 307, a first sleeve 308, a first sleeve bracket 309, a first upper end cover 310, a first lower end cover 311, a first spring 312, a first spring seat 313, a connecting rod pin 314, an elastic retaining ring 315, a threaded joint 316, a follower bearing 317, a first nut 318, and a bushing 319; the hinge support The seat 301 is mounted on the mounting plate 107 via a hinge support bracket 302. A double Y-joint rod 303 is located at the center of the hinge support 301. One end of the double Y-joint rod 303 is connected to the inner ring tie rod 304, and the other end is connected to the IY joint rod 305. The IY joint rod 305 is connected to the grooved cam 307 via a joint threaded rod 306. A first sleeve 308 is sleeved around the middle of the joint threaded rod 306. The first sleeve 308 is fixed to the mounting plate 107 via a first sleeve bracket 309. A first upper end cap is provided at its top and bottom. 310 and the first lower end cover 311 are internally equipped with a first spring 312. The first spring 312 is set on the periphery of the joint threaded rod 306 through a first spring seat 313, and its top end is connected to the first upper end cover 310. The double Y joint rod 303 is connected to the inner ring type pull rod 304 and the IY joint rod 305. A connecting rod pin 314 and an elastic retaining ring 315 are provided between the IY joint rod 305 and the joint threaded rod 306. The IY joint rod 305 and the joint threaded rod 306 are connected through a threaded joint 316. The joint threaded rod 306 is connected to the grooved cam 30. 7. The follower bearing 317 and the first nut 318 are connected. The follower bearing 317 is also provided with a bushing 319. The IY connector rod 305 can rotate freely around the hole axis of its own Y connector section to prevent jamming. The inner track of the groove cam 307 is tangent to the outer ring of the follower bearing 317. After the pressure of the first spring 312 is compressed and applied to the first spring seat 313, the connector thread rod 306 and the follower bearing 317 can quickly achieve reset. The bushing 319 separates the connector thread rod 306 from the inner end face of the follower bearing 317.

[0029] The main structure of the crank-puss unit 4 involved in this embodiment includes a second sleeve 401, a second sleeve bracket 402, a first force sensor 403, a first ejector pin 404, a first cylinder core 405, a second spring seat 406, a second spring 407, a limiting rod 408, an upper flange linear bearing 409, a first cylinder core sleeve 410, a threaded rod 411, a lower flange linear bearing 412, a first connector 413, a second connector 414, and a connecting rod Y-connector 41. 5. Upper fisheye connector 416, threaded shaft 417, lower fisheye connector 418, and crank disc 419; Second sleeve 401 is fixed to mounting plate 107 via second sleeve bracket 402. Inside second sleeve 401 are first ejector pin 404 and first cylinder core 405 connected via first force sensor 403, and second spring 407 located around first cylinder core 405 via second spring seat 406. Outside second sleeve 401 is a spring connected to first cylinder core. The limiting rod 408 corresponding to 405; the top of the first ejector pin 404 extends out of the second sleeve 401, and an upper flange linear bearing 409 is provided between the first ejector pin 405 and the second sleeve 401; a first ejector core sleeve 410 is provided at the top of the first ejector core 405, and the bottom is connected to the threaded rod 411, and a lower flange linear bearing 412 is provided between the first ejector core 405 and the second sleeve 401; the threaded rod 411 is connected to the connecting rod frame Y-joint 415 through the first connector 413 and the second connector 414. The connecting rod Y-joint 415 is connected to the threaded shaft 417 via the upper fisheye joint 416, and the threaded shaft 417 is connected to the crank disc 419 via the lower fisheye joint 418; the side of the second sleeve 401 is provided with a vertical groove for limiting the rotation of the first force sensor 403 and the limit rod 408 in the horizontal direction, and also with a T-slot for convenient fixing of the second spring seat 406 with a stop wrench; the first force sensor 403 is connected to an external digital display to display the adjustment value of the impact force.

[0030] The main structure of the basic loading unit 5 involved in this embodiment includes a loading outer sleeve 501, a second force sensor 502, a second ejector pin 503, a second cylindrical core 504, a loading rod 505, a third spring 506, a loading disc 507, a receiving rod 508, a limiting screw 509, a top bearing 510, a bearing shaft 511, a second nut 512, an upper end cover linear bearing 513, a second cylindrical core sleeve 514, a handwheel 515, a second bearing 516, a second lower end cover 517, and a first bolt 518; the loading outer sleeve 501 is internally equipped with a device that allows the second force sensor 502 to pass through. The connection includes a second ejector pin 503 and a second cylindrical core 504, a loading rod 505 connected to the second cylindrical core 504, a third spring 506 surrounding the second cylindrical core 504 and the loading rod 505, a loading disc 507 fitted on the loading rod 505, a receiving rod 508 corresponding to the second cylindrical core 504 on the outside of the loading outer sleeve 501, and a limiting screw 509 corresponding to the loading disc 507. The top end of the second ejector pin 503 extends out of the loading outer sleeve 501 and is connected to the bearing shaft 511 via a top bearing 510. The top bearing 510 and the bearing shaft 511 are connected by a second nut 51. 2. A linear bearing 513 with an upper end cap is provided between the second ejector pin 503 and the loading outer sleeve 501. A second core sleeve 514 is provided at the top of the second core 504. The bottom end of the loading rod 505 extends out of the outer sleeve 501 and is connected to the handwheel 515. A second bearing 516 and a second lower end cap 517 are provided between the loading rod 505 and the loading outer sleeve 501. The loading outer sleeve 501 and the second lower end cap 517 are connected by a first bolt 518. A vertical groove is provided on the side of the loading outer sleeve 501 to limit the rotation of the second force sensor 502 in the horizontal direction. The second force sensor 502 is connected to an external digital display to display the magnitude of the base load and impact force in real time, facilitating the adjustment of the base load and impact force; the upper end of the second ejector pin 503 is provided with a cross opening for placing the bearing shaft 511, and the top bearing 510 is sleeved on the bearing shaft 511 and installed in the middle position of the cross opening. The two ends of the bearing shaft 511 are fixed by the second nut 512; the limiting screw 509 is used to limit the rotation of the loading disk 507; the handwheel 515 is used to adjust the base load; the second bearing 516 makes the loading outer sleeve 501 coaxial with the loading rod 505.

[0031] The main structure of the glass disk rotating unit 6 involved in this embodiment includes a main shaft 601, a glass disk 602, a third upper end cover 603, an outer sleeve 604, a cross rod 605, a third lower end cover 606, a steel pad 607, a buffer element 608, a glass disk pressure sleeve 609, a second bolt 610, an upper bearing 611, an inner spacer 612, an outer spacer 613, a lower bearing 614, and a second preload nut 615. The main shaft 601 is fitted with the glass disk 602, the third upper end cover 603, the outer sleeve 604, two cross rods 605 with an included angle of 90°, and the third lower end cover 606 from top to bottom. Steel pads 607 are respectively provided on the main shaft 601 above and below the glass disk 602. A buffer element 608 is provided between the glass disk 602 and the steel pad 607. The glass disk is also provided on the upper steel pad 607. The pressure sleeve 609 has six bolts 610 of type 2 evenly distributed along its circumference for leveling the glass disk 602. The upper end cap 603 and the lower end cap 606 of type 3 are bolted to the outer sleeve 604. The outer sleeve 604 is divided into upper and lower parts by a cross rod 605. The upper part is provided with an upper bearing 611 between it and the main shaft 601, and the lower part is provided with an inner spacer 612, an outer spacer 613, and a lower bearing 614 between it and the main shaft 601. The lower end cap 606 of type 3 is also provided with a preload nut 615 between it and the main shaft 601. The cross rod 605 rotates back and forth with the main shaft 601. The buffer element 608 is a rubber pad. The glass disk pressure sleeve 609 is used to level the glass disk 602. The inner spacer 612 and the outer spacer 613 provide axial positioning for the inner rings of the upper bearing 611 and the lower bearing 614.

[0032] The main structure of the oil film observation unit 7 involved in this embodiment includes a microscope support stage 701 and a microscope 702 mounted on a translation panel 105. The lens of the microscope 702 is located above the glass disk rotation unit 6.

[0033] The main structure of the friction force measuring unit 8 involved in this embodiment includes a translation stage 801 and a fixed plate 802 disposed on it, as well as a sensor 803 disposed on the fixed plate 802.

[0034] The main structure of the cam transmission unit 9 involved in this embodiment includes a left bearing 901, a left bearing bracket 902, a right bearing 903, a right bearing bracket 904, a short shaft 905, a left swing plate 906, a right swing plate 907, a transmission plate 908, a second motor 909, a synchronous belt 910, a synchronous pulley 911, a bearing housing 912, a second stepped shaft 913, a cam 914, and a bearing housing end cover 915; the left bearing bracket 902, which internally houses the left bearing 901, and the right bearing bracket 904, which internally houses the right bearing 903, are both mounted on the translation panel 105. 01 is connected to the left swing plate 906 via the short shaft 905. The right bearing 903 is connected to the right swing plate 907 via the short shaft 905. The left swing plate 906 is bolted to the transmission plate 908. The right swing plate 907 is equipped with a second motor 909. The second motor 909 is connected to the synchronous pulley 911 via the synchronous belt 910. The synchronous pulley 911 is connected to one end of the second stepped shaft 913 passing through the bearing seat 912 on the transmission plate 908. The other end of the second stepped shaft 913 is connected to the cam 914. Bearing seat end caps 915 are respectively provided at both ends of the bearing seat 912.

[0035] When the cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication condition observation device involved in this embodiment is used under impact load:

[0036] Turn the handwheel 515 to make the outer ring of the top bearing 510 contact the transmission plate 908. During the loading process, the transmission plate 908 drives the left swing plate 906 and the right swing plate 907 to rotate. When the transmission plate 908 has an angle with the horizontal direction, the cam 914 contacts the glass disk 602. Rotate the contact point of the cam 914 to the position near the end of the repose angle. Adjust the base load to the set value through the digital display. Rotate the grooved cam 307 to the position where the contact line between the grooved cam 307 and the follower bearing 317 is at the position near the beginning of the repose angle, that is, the crank disk 419 is vertically upward.

[0037] In this position, rotate the first connector 413 to loosen the threaded pair, and use the stop wrench to restrict the circumferential rotation of the second spring seat 406. At the same time, rotate the threaded rod 411 to move the second spring seat 406 upward to press the second spring 407. Adjust the impact force to the set value through the digital display.

[0038] The rotation of the grooved cam 307 drives the follower bearing 317 and the threaded rod 306 to move downwards. The double Y joint rod 303 and the IY joint rod 305 move, causing the inner ring pull rod 304 to rise, no longer restricting the limit rod 408 to move upwards. That is, the first ejector pin 404, under the action of the second spring 407, quickly impacts the outer disc of the impact rod 508, completing one impact.

[0039] The contact point between cam 914 and glass disk 602 changes continuously, causing transmission plate 908, left swing plate 906 and right swing plate 907 to swing with the contour of cam 914. When cam 914 rotates to the position near the end of the rest angle, that is, at the beginning of the lift, crank push rod unit 4 releases the impact force, and the cam-glass disk contact pair is impacted. The basic load on the contact pair changes continuously throughout the cycle. When cam 914 rotates to the end of the return stroke, the first ejector pin 404 separates from the disk of the impact rod 508 and there is a certain distance. Crank push rod unit 4 ends the load applied to the cam-glass disk contact pair. Follower bearing 317 is in the highest position and drives double Y joint rod 303 and IY joint rod 305 to rotate, causing inner ring type tie rod 304 to move downward, further restricting the displacement of the first ejector pin 404. Crank disk 419 rotates to compress second spring 407 to store force for the next impact.

[0040] During the above operation, the friction generated when the cam 914 contacts the glass disk 602 and rotates drives the cross rod 605 to rotate. The rotating cross rod 605 contacts the sensor 803, and the sensor 803 measures the friction. The lubrication state of the cam-glass disk contact pair under cyclic impact load is observed through the oil film observation unit 7.

Claims

1. A cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device, the main structure comprising a support and a main shaft transmission unit, a cam limiting unit, a crank push rod unit and a base loading unit disposed below it, and a glass disk rotation unit, an oil film observation unit, a friction force measurement unit and a cam transmission unit disposed above it, characterized in that... The main shaft transmission unit is connected to the cam limiting unit and the crank push rod unit respectively. The crank push rod unit is in contact with the base loading unit, and the base loading unit is in contact with the cam transmission unit. The oil film observation unit is set above the glass disk rotating unit. Two friction force measuring units are symmetrically set on both sides below the glass disk rotating unit. The cam transmission unit is set on the side of the glass disk rotating unit. The main structure of the cam transmission unit includes a left swing plate and a transmission plate connected to it, a second motor and a cam connected to it. The cam is located on the side of the glass disk and forms a contact pair with the glass disk. The cam rotates under the drive of the second motor and generates friction with the glass disk through relative motion. When in use: turn the handwheel to make the outer ring of the top bearing contact with the transmission plate. During the loading process, the transmission plate drives the left swing plate and the right swing plate to rotate. When there is an angle between the transmission plate and the horizontal direction, the cam contacts the glass disk. Rotate the contact point of the cam to the position near the end of the repose angle. Adjust the base load to the set value through the digital display. Rotate the grooved cam to the position where the contact line between the grooved cam and the follower bearing begins to contact near the repose angle, that is, the crank disk is vertically upward. In this position, rotate the No. 1 connector to loosen the threaded pair, use the stop wrench to restrict the circumferential rotation of the No. 2 spring seat, and at the same time rotate the threaded rod to move the No. 2 spring seat upward to press the No. 2 spring. Adjust the impact force to the set value through the digital display. The rotation of the grooved cam drives the follower bearing and the threaded rod of the connector to move downwards. The double Y connector rod and the IY connector rod move, causing the inner ring pull rod to rise. This stops the limit rod from moving upwards. In other words, the first ejector pin, under the action of the second spring, quickly impacts the outer disc of the impact rod, completing one impact. The contact point between the cam and the glass disk changes continuously, causing the transmission plate, left swing plate, and right swing plate to swing along the cam's contour. When the cam rotates to the position near the end of the rest angle, i.e., at the beginning of the lift, the crank push rod unit releases the impact force, and the cam-glass disk contact pair is impacted. Throughout the cycle, the basic load on the contact pair changes continuously. When the cam rotates to the end of the return stroke, the first ejector pin separates from the disk of the impact rod and there is a certain distance between them. The crank push rod unit ends the load applied to the cam-glass disk contact pair, the follower bearing is at its highest position, and drives the double Y joint rod and IY joint rod to rotate, causing the inner ring pull rod to move downward, further restricting the displacement of the first ejector pin. The crank disk rotates and compresses the second spring, storing energy for the next impact.

2. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that... The main structure of the spindle drive unit includes a No. 1 motor, a No. 1 stepped shaft connected to it, and a No. 1 bearing connected to the No. 1 stepped shaft; the main structure of the cam limiting unit includes a hinge support and a double Y-joint rod mounted on it, an inner ring type tie rod and an IY joint rod connected to the double Y-joint rod, a grooved cam connected to the IY joint rod via a joint threaded rod, and a follower bearing between the joint threaded rod and the grooved cam; the main structure of the crank push rod unit includes a No. 2 sleeve and a No. 1 ejector pin and a No. 1 cylinder core mounted inside it, a No. 2 spring mounted around the No. 1 cylinder core, a limiting rod mounted outside the No. 2 sleeve, a threaded rod connected to the No. 1 cylinder core, and a follower bearing connected to the No. 1 cylinder core. The threaded rod connects to the No. 1 joint and crank disc; the main structure of the basic loading unit includes a loading outer sleeve and a No. 2 core inside it, a loading rod connected to the No. 2 core, a No. 3 spring surrounding the No. 2 core and the loading rod, a loading disc sleeved on the loading rod, a punching rod outside the loading outer sleeve, a top bearing at the top of the No. 2 ejector pin, and a handwheel connected to the loading rod; the main structure of the glass disc rotation unit includes a main shaft and a glass disc, crossbar, steel pad, and buffer element sleeved on it; the main structure of the oil film observation unit includes a microscope support stage and a microscope mounted on it; the main structure of the friction force measurement unit includes a sensor.

3. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that... The bracket serves as the main frame supporting all components; the main shaft transmission unit is the power source for the cyclic impact force, operating synchronously with the cam transmission unit and providing timing; the cam limiting unit controls the timing of the impact force release from the crank-puss unit, limiting pressure release when the pressure of the second spring increases, ensuring the crank-puss unit releases the impact force when the pressure of the second spring reaches its maximum value; the crank-puss unit stores and releases the pressure of the second spring in any cycle, adjusting the impact force; the base loading unit applies a base load to the cam-glass disk contact pair, transmitting the impact force borne by the crank-puss unit to the cam-glass disk contact pair, providing flexible loading when there is no impact; the glass disk in the glass disk rotation unit can rotate and adjust, and steel pads and buffer elements are used to reduce vibrations generated during glass disk operation; The microscope in the oil film observation unit is used to observe the lubrication status between the glass disk and the cam; the sensor in the friction force measurement unit is used to measure the friction force generated by the contact pair when the glass disk and the cam move relative to each other.

4. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that... The grooved cam and crank plate are connected to the first stepped shaft key respectively. The grooved cam and crank plate are axially positioned by the set screw. The second ejector pin is coaxial with the outer end of the horizontal disc of the punch rod and is located below it. When the limit rod is static, the inner ring pull rod has axial movement space.

5. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to claim 4, characterized in that... When the follower bearing falls with the rotation of the grooved cam, the threaded rod of the connector falls and drives the end of the double Y connector rod near the hinge support to fall, and the inner ring pull rod rises, so that the crank push rod unit completes the impact force release action; otherwise, it is a limiting action. The crankshaft rotation drives the threaded rod to reciprocate axially. When the threaded rod reciprocates axially with the second spring seat, the force is transmitted to the first cylinder core through the second spring. When the circumferential movement of the second spring seat is restricted by the stop wrench, rotating the threaded rod causes the second spring seat to rise and press against the second spring, thus adjusting the impact force. In addition, after fixing the threaded rod and loosening the first joint, the threaded rod can rotate freely without affecting the second joint and its lower structure. When the second spring seat is circumferentially fixed, it can move up and down with the rotation of the threaded rod, thereby increasing or decreasing the impact force. Rotating the handwheel drives the loading rod to rotate synchronously, causing the loading disk to move up and down, transferring the load to the No. 3 spring, which ultimately acts on the No. 2 cylinder core. The outer ring of the top bearing contacts one end of the transmission plate with a square bearing seat, applying a basic load to the transmission plate. When the cam rotates, it drives the glass disk to rotate, which in turn drives the cross rod to rotate and contact the sensor, thereby measuring the frictional force of the cam-glass disk contact pair.

6. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that... The main structure includes a bracket consisting of an upper platform, a lower base plate, support columns, a sliding key rail, a translation panel, support screws, and a mounting plate. Specifically, the rectangular plate-shaped upper platform and lower base plate are connected to form a frame-like integral structure by four cylindrical support columns. The translation panel is mounted on the sliding key rail embedded in the upper platform. Support screws are provided at the four corners of the lower base plate. A rectangular plate-shaped mounting plate is also provided between the upper platform and the lower base plate. A main shaft drive unit is provided on the lower base plate, which is connected to a cam limiting unit and a crank push rod unit provided on the mounting plate. The crank push rod unit contacts the base loading unit located below the translation panel. An oil film observation unit is located above the glass disk rotation unit and below... A friction force measurement unit is provided, and a cam drive unit is located on the side. The oil film observation unit, friction force measurement unit, and cam drive unit are all mounted on the translation panel. The cam drive unit is in contact with the base loading unit. The main structure of the spindle drive unit includes a No. 1 motor, a No. 1 bearing housing, a motor bracket, a bearing housing bracket, a coupling, a No. 1 stepped shaft, a No. 1 bearing, and a No. 1 preload nut. The No. 1 motor and the No. 1 bearing housing are respectively mounted on the lower base plate via the motor bracket and the bearing housing bracket. The No. 1 motor is connected to one end of the No. 1 stepped shaft via a coupling. The other end of the No. 1 stepped shaft passes through the No. 1 bearing housing, and a No. 1 preload nut is provided between the No. 1 stepped shaft and the No. 1 bearing. A pair of No. 1 shafts are located within the No. 1 bearing housing. The bearings are separated by bushings. On one side, the outer ring of bearing number one is positioned by a boss inside the bearing housing hole and the shoulder of the stepped shaft. On the other side, bearing number one is positioned by an elastic retaining ring and a preload nut. The preload nut also provides axial positioning for bearing housing number one. The main structure of the cam limiting unit includes a hinge support, a hinge support bracket, a double Y-joint rod, an inner ring type tie rod, an IY-joint rod, a threaded joint rod, a grooved cam, a sleeve number one, a sleeve support number one, an upper end cover number one, a lower end cover number one, a spring number one, a spring seat number one, a connecting rod pin, an elastic retaining ring, a threaded joint, a follower bearing, a nut number one, and a bushing. The hinge support is mounted on the mounting plate via the hinge support bracket. A double Y-joint rod is located at the center of the hinge support, with one end of the double Y-joint rod connected to the inner ring type tie rod. The pull rod is connected at one end and at the other end to the IY connector rod. The IY connector rod is connected to the grooved cam via the connector thread rod. A sleeve is fitted around the middle of the connector thread rod. The sleeve is fixed to the mounting plate by the sleeve bracket. A top cap and a bottom cap are provided at the top and bottom of the sleeve, respectively. A spring is installed inside the spring. The spring is installed around the connector thread rod via a spring seat. The top of the spring is connected to the top cap. The double Y connector rod is connected to the inner ring pull rod and the IY connector rod. A connecting pin and an elastic retaining ring are provided between the IY connector rod and the connector thread rod. The IY connector rod and the connector thread rod are connected by a threaded joint. The connector thread rod is connected to the grooved cam via a follower bearing and a nut. A bushing is also provided outside the follower bearing.The IY connector rod can rotate freely around the hole axis of its own Y-joint section to prevent jamming; the inner track of the grooved cam is tangent to the outer ring of the follower bearing; after the pressure of the first spring compression acts on the first spring seat, the connector thread rod and the follower bearing can quickly achieve reset; the bushing separates the connector thread rod from the inner end face of the follower bearing; the main structure of the crank push rod unit includes the second sleeve, the second sleeve bracket, the first force sensor, the first ejector pin, the first cylinder core, the second spring seat, the second spring, the limit rod, the upper flange linear bearing, the first cylinder core sleeve, the threaded rod, the lower flange linear bearing, the first connector, the second connector, the connecting rod Y-joint, the upper fisheye connector, the threaded shaft, the lower fisheye connector, and the crank disc; the second sleeve is fixed by the second sleeve bracket. Fixed on the mounting plate, the second sleeve contains a first ejector pin and a first cylinder core connected to a first force sensor, and a second spring located around the first cylinder core via a second spring seat. A limiting rod corresponding to the first cylinder core is located outside the second sleeve. The top of the first ejector pin extends out of the second sleeve, and an upper flange linear bearing is installed between it and the second sleeve. A first cylinder core sleeve is installed at the top of the first cylinder core, and its bottom connects to a threaded rod. A lower flange linear bearing is installed between the first cylinder core and the second sleeve. The threaded rod is connected to the connecting rod frame Y-joint via connectors one and two. The connecting rod frame Y-joint is connected to the threaded shaft via an upper fisheye connector, and the threaded shaft is connected to the crankshaft via a lower fisheye connector. The side of the second sleeve has openings for limiting the first force sensor and the limiting rod in the horizontal direction. The vertical groove for rotation also has a T-slot for easy fixing of the No. 2 spring seat with a stop wrench; the No. 1 force sensor is connected to a digital display to show the adjustment value of the impact force; the main structure of the basic loading unit includes a loading outer sleeve, a No. 2 force sensor, a No. 2 ejector pin, a No. 2 cylinder core, a loading rod, a No. 3 spring, a loading disc, an impact rod, a limiting screw, a top bearing, a bearing shaft, a No. 2 nut, a linear bearing on the upper end cover, a No. 2 cylinder core sleeve, a handwheel, a No. 2 bearing, a No. 2 lower end cover, and a No. 1 bolt; the loading outer sleeve contains a No. 2 ejector pin and a No. 2 cylinder core connected to the No. 2 force sensor, a loading rod connected to the No. 2 cylinder core, a No. 3 spring surrounding the No. 2 cylinder core and the loading rod, a loading disc sleeved on the loading rod, and an outer sleeve connected to the No. 2 cylinder core. The corresponding impact rod, the limiting screw corresponding to the loading plate, the top of the No. 2 ejector pin extending out of the loading outer sleeve and connected to the bearing shaft via the top bearing, the top bearing and the bearing shaft connected by the No. 2 nut, and an upper end cap linear bearing is provided between the No. 2 ejector pin and the loading outer sleeve, the top of the No. 2 cylinder core is provided with a No. 2 cylinder core sleeve, the bottom end of the loading rod extending out of the outer sleeve and connected to the handwheel, and a No. 2 bearing and a No. 2 lower end cap are provided between the loading rod and the loading outer sleeve, the loading outer sleeve and the No. 2 lower end cap are connected by a No. 1 bolt; a vertical groove is opened on the side of the loading outer sleeve to limit the rotation of the No. 2 force sensor in the horizontal direction; the No. 2 force sensor is connected to an external digital display to display the magnitude of the base load and impact force in real time, which facilitates the adjustment of the base load and impact force;The upper end of the No. 2 ejector pin has a cross-shaped opening for placing the bearing shaft. The top bearing is sleeved on the bearing shaft and installed in the middle of the cross-shaped opening. Both ends of the bearing shaft are fixed by the No. 2 nut. The limiting screw is used to limit the rotation of the loading disk. The handwheel is used to adjust the base load. The No. 2 bearing makes the loading outer sleeve and the loading rod coaxial. The main structure of the glass disk rotating unit includes a main shaft, glass disk, No. 3 upper end cover, outer sleeve, cross rod, No. 3 lower end cover, steel pad, buffer element, glass disk pressure sleeve, No. 2 bolt, upper bearing, inner spacer, outer spacer, lower bearing, and No. 2 preload nut. The main shaft is fitted with glass disks from top to bottom. The system includes a No. 3 upper end cap, an outer sleeve, two crossbars with a 90° included angle, and a No. 3 lower end cap. Steel pads are installed on the main shaft above and below the glass plate, with a buffer element between the glass plate and the steel pads. A glass plate pressure sleeve is also installed on the upper steel pad. Six No. 2 bolts are evenly distributed along the circumference of the glass plate pressure sleeve for leveling the glass plate. Both the No. 3 upper and lower end caps are bolted to the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is divided into upper and lower parts by the crossbars. An upper bearing is installed between the upper part and the main shaft, while an inner spacer, an outer spacer, and a lower bearing are installed between the lower part and the main shaft. A No. 2 preload nut is also installed between the No. 3 lower end cap and the main shaft. The crossbar rotates back and forth with the main shaft; the buffer element is a rubber pad; the glass disk pressure sleeve is used to level the glass disk; the inner and outer septa provide axial positioning for the inner rings of the upper and lower bearings; the main structure of the oil film observation unit includes a microscope support stage on the translation panel and a microscope mounted on it, with the microscope lens located above the glass disk rotation unit; the main structure of the friction force measurement unit includes a translation stage and a fixed plate mounted on it, as well as a sensor mounted on the fixed plate; the main structure of the cam transmission unit includes a left bearing, a left bearing bracket, a right bearing, a right bearing bracket, a short shaft, a left swing plate, a right swing plate, a transmission plate, and a second... The system includes a No. 1 motor, a synchronous belt, a synchronous pulley, a bearing housing, a No. 2 stepped shaft, a cam, and bearing housing end covers. Both the left bearing bracket (containing the left bearing) and the right bearing bracket (containing the right bearing) are mounted on the translation panel. The left bearing is connected to the left swing plate via a short shaft, and the right bearing is connected to the right swing plate via a short shaft. The left swing plate is bolted to the transmission plate. The No. 2 motor is mounted on the right swing plate and connected to the synchronous pulley via a synchronous belt. The synchronous pulley is connected to one end of the No. 2 stepped shaft passing through the bearing housing on the transmission plate. The other end of the No. 2 stepped shaft is connected to the cam. Bearing housing end covers are located at both ends of the bearing housing.

7. The cam-glass disk contact pair lubrication status observation device according to claim 6, characterized in that... During operation, the friction generated when the cam contacts and rotates the glass disk drives the cross rod to rotate. The rotating cross rod contacts the sensor, which measures the friction force. The lubrication status of the cam-glass disk contact pair under cyclic impact load is observed through the oil film observation unit.

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