Single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system

Abstract

The present application aims at providing a single pump control type multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system, comprising an electric control single pump, a direct control type ammonia fuel injector, an ammonia common rail pipe and a liquid ammonia storage tank, the outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected with a temperature controller through a low pressure pump and a motor, the temperature controller is connected with the electric control single pump and the direct control type ammonia fuel injector respectively, the inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected with an overflow valve, a safety valve and the temperature controller respectively, and the overflow valve and the safety valve are connected with the pipeline between the low pressure pump and the motor and the temperature controller respectively. The present application realizes controllable pressure wave coupling process by changing the phase of pressure wave fluctuation, adjusting the fluctuation frequency, and the corresponding relationship of wave crest and wave trough through the pressure accumulation cavity combined with the resonant block structure; the high pressure liquid ammonia fuel is injected into the cylinder to realize sufficient combustion; the injection process is combined with the thermal management design to adjust and control the phase change conversion of the ammonia fuel from two aspects of pressure and temperature.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention named "Single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system", of which the application number of the parent case is 202111374132.7 and the application date is 2021.11.19. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to a fuel injection system, in particular to an ammonia fuel injection system. Background Art

[0003] Among the many low-carbon approaches, only addressing carbon emissions fundamentally can begin with fuel. Ammonia, a typical low-carbon fuel, offers higher energy storage than hydrogen, is easier to store and transport, and has a mature supply chain, making it a leading low-carbon alternative energy source. Currently, there are no mature ammonia-fueled power plants in the world. Existing ammonia-fueled engines suffer from low volumetric efficiency, poor combustion, low thermal efficiency, and low energy utilization, limiting their widespread application.

[0004] To achieve complete combustion of ammonia fuel, high-pressure direct injection is required, rather than port injection. Furthermore, since ammonia fuel requires a lower injection pressure (60 MPa) than diesel (200 MPa), achieving high saturation and atomization is relatively difficult. However, the electronically controlled unit pump fuel system can achieve a maximum injection pressure exceeding 250 MPa. The one-pump-per-cylinder configuration also enables flexible multi-cylinder control of the diesel engine it is used in. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system that can inject ammonia fuel into a cylinder in a high-pressure liquid state to achieve complete combustion.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

[0007] The single-pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system of the present invention is characterized in that it includes an electronically controlled single pump, a directly controlled ammonia fuel injector, an ammonia common rail pipe and a liquid ammonia storage tank, the outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to a temperature controller through a low-pressure pump and a motor, the temperature controller is respectively connected to the electronically controlled single pump and the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector, the inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is respectively connected to a relief valve, a safety valve and the temperature controller, the relief valve and the safety valve are respectively connected to the low-pressure pump and the pipeline between the motor and the temperature controller, the outlet of the electronically controlled single pump is connected to the ammonia common rail pipe, and the inlet of the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector is connected to the ammonia common rail pipe.

[0008] The present invention may also include:

[0009] 1. The directly controlled dual-valve ammonia fuel injector includes an injector body, in which a pressure storage resonance current limiting module, a boost module, a super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator and a directly controlled super atomizing nozzle module are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The pressure storage resonance current limiting module includes a resonance block, an intermediate block, a prismatic sealing block, a current limiting piston and a valve seat. A one-way ammonia inlet and a liquid cooling pipe inlet are provided on the injector body. A pressure storage chamber is provided above the injector body. The one-way ammonia inlet and the liquid cooling pipe inlet are connected to the pressure storage chamber. A resonance block, an intermediate block, a prismatic sealing block and a valve seat are sequentially arranged below the pressure storage chamber. A current limiting piston is provided in the valve seat, an intermediate block return spring is provided in the intermediate block, and an intermediate block ammonia inlet hole and a resonance block ammonia inlet throttle hole are respectively provided at the bottom of the intermediate block. The prismatic sealing block is located above the current limiting piston, an intermediate hole is provided in the current limiting piston, a current limiting piston return spring is provided below the current limiting piston, and a storage chamber is provided below the current limiting piston return spring.

[0010] 2. The resonance block is respectively provided with an ammonia inlet No. 1, an ammonia inlet No. 2, an ammonia inlet cavity No. 1, an ammonia outlet No. 1 and an ammonia outlet No. 2. The ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 1 and the ammonia outlet No. 1 respectively, and the ammonia inlet cavity No. 2 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 2 and the ammonia outlet No. 2 respectively. The ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is communicated with the ammonia inlet cavity No. 2 through a communicating hole. The ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 1 through the ammonia inlet throttle hole No. 1, and the ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the pressure accumulator cavity through the ammonia inlet throttle hole No. 2.

[0011] 3. The boost module includes a boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles, an armature, a double-sealed valve stem, a boost upper valve seat, a boost lower valve seat, a boost piston and a one-way valve ball. The armature is sleeved on the top of the double-sealed valve stem. A boost return spring is set in the boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles. The armature is located below the boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles. The middle of the double-sealed valve stem is located in the boost upper valve seat. The bottom of the double-sealed valve stem is located in the boost lower valve seat. The middle of the double-sealed valve stem is sleeved with a valve stem return spring. A double-sealed protrusion is set between the middle and bottom of the double-sealed valve stem. The boost upper valve seat, the boost lower valve seat and the double-sealed valve stem correspond to each other. Sealing surfaces are set on the surfaces, the booster piston is located below the booster lower valve seat, the middle cavity is below the top of the booster piston, the booster cavity is below the bottom of the booster piston, the part of the bottom of the booster piston located in the middle cavity is covered with a booster piston return spring, and a return ammonia channel and an intermediate pipeline are set in the booster lower valve seat. The space where the double sealing protrusions in the booster lower valve seat are located is a connecting space, and the connecting space is connected to the intermediate pipeline. The one-way valve ball is set in the injector body, and a one-way valve return spring is installed below the one-way valve ball. The storage cavity is connected above the one-way valve ball, and the booster cavity is connected below the one-way valve return spring.

[0012] 4. The super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator includes super hysteresis main and auxiliary magnetic poles, a hysteresis seat, an upper valve stem, a lower cone valve and an ammonia inlet pipeline. Super hysteresis material is arranged in the through holes of the main and auxiliary magnetic poles, and a hysteresis seat, an upper valve stem and a lower cone valve are arranged below the super hysteresis material in sequence.

[0013] 5. The directly controlled super atomizing nozzle module includes a needle valve body, a needle valve seat and a nozzle shell. The needle valve body is installed in the nozzle shell. The space where the needle valve body is located forms an ammonia storage chamber. The lower part of the one-way valve return spring is connected to the ammonia storage chamber through the ammonia inlet pipeline. The needle valve seat is located below the nozzle shell. An injection flow channel is formed between the needle valve seat and the nozzle shell. The top of the needle valve body is connected to the lower end cone valve of the super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator. The lower end of the needle valve body is the nozzle body, and the nozzle body is connected to the needle valve seat through a connecting bolt.

[0014] 6. The electronically controlled single pump includes a housing, an electronically controlled module, a plunger, a plunger seat, a roller and a cam. A one-way ball valve is provided at the top of the housing, and the electronically controlled module is located below the one-way ball valve. A low-pressure ammonia supply pipeline and a high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline are respectively provided in the housing. The electronically controlled module includes an electronically controlled iron core, an electronically controlled armature, an electronically controlled valve core and a plug. The electronically controlled armature is installed at the first end of the electronically controlled valve core, and the electronically controlled armature is located next to the electronically controlled iron core. The plug is located next to the second end of the electronically controlled valve core. The plug and the second end of the electronically controlled valve core form a sealing surface. The space where the plug is located is a plug cavity. A disc spring and an electronically controlled armature return spring are mounted on the electronically controlled armature. The space where the electronically controlled armature return spring is located is a return spring cavity. The plug cavity and the return spring The cavities are respectively connected to the low-pressure ammonia supply pipeline, the top of the plunger is located in the shell, the bottom of the plunger is located in the plunger seat, the top of the plunger and the shell form a plunger cavity, the top of the high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline is located below the one-way ball valve, and the bottom end of the high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline is connected to the plunger cavity. A plunger spring is sleeved on the plunger, and a spring seat is provided in the plunger seat. The end of the plunger spring is located on the spring seat. A roller is installed at the bottom of the plunger seat, and the roller cooperates with the cam below. A first lubricating oil pipeline and a second lubricating oil pipeline are provided in the plunger seat, and a roller connecting channel is provided on the roller. The roller connects the first lubricating oil pipeline and the second lubricating oil pipeline through the roller connecting channel during rolling. The first lubricating oil pipeline is also connected to the space formed by the below of the spring seat and the plunger seat.

[0015] 7. Also includes a cooling system, including a water tank, a radiator, a deionizer, a heater, an intercooler and a cooling connection port. The radiator, deionizer, heater, intercooler and cooling connection port are connected in parallel to form a cooling unit. The water tank is connected to the cooling unit, the cooling connection port is connected to the outlet, and the cooling unit is connected to the cooling water outlet through a discharge valve.

[0016] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0017] 1. The present invention uses an electrically controlled single pump controlled by thermal management for pressurization, thereby achieving efficient supply of high-pressure liquid ammonia.

[0018] 2. The present invention adopts the direct control form of the giant magnetostrictive actuator to achieve high-response and precise injection of liquid ammonia.

[0019] 3. The present invention changes the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation, adjusts the fluctuation frequency, and the corresponding relationship between the peak and the trough by combining the pressure accumulator with the resonance block structure, thereby achieving controllable pressure wave coupling process;

[0020] 4. The super magnetostrictive electromagnetic control actuator and the direct control nozzle module are used to spray into the cylinder, so that the ammonia fuel is injected into the cylinder in a high-pressure liquid state to achieve full combustion;

[0021] 5. The injection process is combined with thermal management design to adjust the pressure and temperature to control the phase change of ammonia fuel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electronically controlled single pump;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a direct-controlled ammonia fuel injector;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure storage resonance current limiting structure;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the resonant block structure;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the boost module structure;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the direct control super atomizing nozzle module structure;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the direct-controlled super-atomizing nozzle module;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional overall structure of the direct-controlled super-atomizing nozzle module;

[0032] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the liquid ammonia thermal management system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] Combine Figure 1-11 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. The unit pump-controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system includes a liquid ammonia supply system, a liquid ammonia injection system, and a liquid ammonia thermal management system. The liquid ammonia supply system includes a liquid ammonia storage tank 1, a low-pressure pump and motor 2, a relief valve 3, a safety valve 4, a temperature controller 5, an ammonia inlet pipe 6, and an ammonia return pipe 9. The liquid ammonia injection system consists of an electronically controlled unit pump 7, a first high-pressure pipeline 10, a second high-pressure pipeline 13, an ammonia common rail 11, an ammonia leak detection sensor 12, and a directly controlled ammonia fuel injector 8. The outlet of the electronically controlled unit pump 7 is connected to the ammonia common rail 11, and the inlet of the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector 8 is connected to the ammonia common rail 11. Specifically, the outlet of the electronically controlled unit pump 7 is connected to the ammonia common rail 11 via the first high-pressure pipeline 10, and the inlet of the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector 8 is connected to the ammonia common rail 11 via the second high-pressure pipeline 13. The electronically controlled unit pump, controlled by thermal management, provides pressurization, achieving efficient supply of high-pressure liquid ammonia.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electronically controlled unit pump 7, which includes a cam 15, a roller 17, a second lubricating oil pipeline 16, a first lubricating oil pipeline 18, a spring seat 19, a plunger spring 20, a plunger 21, a plunger cavity 22, a high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline 23, a thermal management pipeline 24, low-pressure ammonia supply pipelines 25 and 26, an electronic control module 27, an ammonia outlet 28, a one-way ball valve 29 and a spring 30.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a directly controlled ammonia fuel injector 8, which includes a one-way ammonia inlet 31, a pressure accumulator resonant current limiting modules 32 and 35, an injector body 33, a pressure accumulator thermal management module 34, a boost module 36, a super magneto-electromagnetic control actuator 37, a nozzle thermal management module 38, and a directly controlled super atomizing nozzle module 39. The one-way ammonia inlet 31 is connected to the ammonia common rail 11 via a second high-pressure pipeline 13. This enables high-pressure liquid ammonia fuel to be injected into the cylinder for full combustion. At the same time, the injection process is combined with thermal management design to regulate pressure and temperature to control the phase change of the ammonia fuel. The use of dual-valve control allows the liquid ammonia injection process to be cyclically variable, making the injection amount and injection timing more precise and flexible.

[0037] Figure 4 This diagram shows the pressure accumulator, resonant, and current-limiting module for a directly controlled ammonia fuel injector. It primarily includes: a pressure accumulator chamber 40, a liquid cooling pipe inlet 41, a resonant block 42, an intermediate block 43, an intermediate chamber 44, an intermediate block ammonia inlet port 45, a prismatic sealing block 46, a flow-limiting piston 47, an ammonia inlet passage 48, a storage chamber 49, an ammonia inlet port 50, an intermediate block return spring 51, a resonant block ammonia inlet orifice 52, a valve seat 53, an intermediate port 54, and a flow-limiting piston return spring 55. This module ensures the stability of ammonia fuel, employing a resonant block to regulate pressure fluctuations within the system. A flow limiter is also designed to prevent abnormal injection.

[0038] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the resonance block of the direct control type ammonia fuel injector mainly comprises: a first ammonia inlet path 56, a first ammonia inlet orifice 57, a second ammonia inlet path 61, a first ammonia inlet chamber 59, a first ammonia outlet path 60, a second ammonia inlet orifice 58, a second ammonia inlet chamber 62, a communication hole 63, and a second ammonia outlet path 64.

[0039] Figure 6 The detailed schematic diagram of the injector pressurizing module of the direct control type ammonia fuel injector comprises: a pressurizing main and auxiliary magnetic pole 65, a first coil 66, an ammonia inlet pipeline 67, an ammonia return channel 68, a one-way valve ball 69, a one-way valve return spring 70, a pressurizing chamber 71, a pressurizing piston lower surface 72, a pressurizing return spring 73, an armature 74, a valve rod return spring 75, a double-sealing valve rod 76, a pressurizing piston upper surface 77, an intermediate chamber 78, and a pressurizing piston return spring 79. The ammonia return channel 68 is connected with the temperature controller 5 through the ammonia return pipeline 9. The module can adopt two control modes, one of which is in the form of liquid ammonia pressurizing liquid ammonia, and the other is in the form of diesel pressurizing liquid ammonia.

[0040] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the super-magnetic electromagnetic control actuator of the direct control type ammonia fuel injector mainly comprises: a super-magnetic hysteresis main and auxiliary magnetic pole 80, a second coil 81, a hysteresis seat 82, an upper valve rod 83, a return spring 84, a valve rod intermediate chamber 85, an ammonia storage chamber 86, a connecting block 87, a super-magnetic hysteresis material 88, a limiting block 89, a lubricating oil path 90, an ammonia inlet pipeline 91, a lower end cone valve 92, and a needle valve 93.

[0041] Figure 8 The schematic diagram of the direct control type super-atomization nozzle module of the direct control type ammonia fuel injector mainly comprises: a liquid cooling working medium inlet pipeline 94, a needle valve body 95, a jet flow channel 96, a liquid cooling working medium outlet pipeline 97, a needle valve seat 98, a nozzle body 99, and a connecting bolt 100. The lower end cone valve 92 is connected with the top end of the needle valve body 95 through the connecting block 87.

[0042] Figure 9 、 10 The designed super-atomization nozzle adopts an outer cone structure as a whole, realizes multi-layer sealing, and at the same time, nearly one hundred jet holes are used for jetting, which guarantees sufficient atomization of the fuel from the structural point of view. The fuel and air are fully mixed and completely combusted.

[0043] Figure 11 The schematic diagram of the cooling system 14 mainly comprises: a water tank 102, a cooling water pump 106, a temperature sensor 107, a cooling connection port 109, a temperature and pressure sensor 110, an intercooler 111, a heater 105, a three-way valve 114, a deionizer 108, a sensor 103, a radiator 116, a flow valve 113, an outlet 112, and a cooling water outlet 115.

[0044] The liquid ammonia storage tank 1 stores the system's fuel, utilizing high-pressure, low-temperature storage to ensure a stable liquid state. The liquid ammonia stored in the tank 1 first passes through an ammonia pumping system, where low-pressure and high-pressure pumps boost the pressure to meet supply and combustion requirements. A relief valve 3 and a safety valve 4 are installed in the low-pressure and high-pressure loops, respectively. The relief valve 3 in the low-pressure loop controls the delivery pressure. When the pressure is too high, excess liquid ammonia is returned to the tank 1 through the relief valve 3. For a fuel like liquid ammonia, which easily undergoes phase changes, a thermal management module is required. A temperature controller 5 adjusts the output temperature of the liquid ammonia, controlling the phase of the ammonia fuel through both pressure and temperature. The fuel is then fed into the ammonia inlet pipe 6, boosted by an electronically controlled unit pump 7, and then introduced into the ammonia common rail 11. The system's ammonia common rail 11 utilizes a double-layer structure to prevent liquid ammonia from leaking into the atmosphere. An ammonia leak detection sensor 12 is also installed at the end of the common rail 11 to provide timely system feedback.

[0045] The electronically controlled unit pump 7 is responsible for pressurizing liquid ammonia and providing fuel to the fuel system. It is primarily designed by the electronic control module 27. The unit pump solenoid valve is controlled by a poppet valve, using the internally flowing fuel as a damper to reduce vibration after the valve stem is seated. A damping hole is provided in the armature. The valve stem is positioned horizontally, minimizing the impact of mass components such as the armature, valve stem, and spring on response time during the closing phase, and reducing the impact between the armature and the damping oil. The high-speed solenoid valve system's main components include the iron core, coil, armature, valve stem, valve core, and return spring. Due to the preloaded force of the return spring in the solenoid valve structure on the armature, when the drive circuit is de-energized, the cone valve is in the open state (normally open). This causes the fuel pressurized by the plunger 21 in the plunger chamber 22 to fail to enter the high-pressure ammonia supply line 23 and instead flow back into the low-pressure ammonia supply line 25 through the sealing cone surface. When the high-speed solenoid valve is energized, the armature, under the action of the iron core, overcomes the spring force and liquid damping force, driving the valve stem to close the cone valve. Fuel at the plug no longer leaks, and the fuel pressurized by the plunger in the low-pressure chamber enters the high-pressure fuel outlet, achieving a rapid pressurization effect. The pressurized liquid ammonia enters the ammonia common rail 11 through the first high-pressure line 10 and is then supplied to the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector 8 through the second high-pressure line 13.

[0046] Liquid ammonia fuel enters the pressure accumulator 40 through the one-way ammonia inlet 31, which acts as a check valve. When the liquid ammonia supply pressure exceeds the spring preload of the one-way ball valve 29, the poppet valve overcomes the spring force and opens, allowing liquid ammonia to enter the pressure accumulator. When the pressure at the one-way ammonia inlet 31 decreases, the poppet valve closes again, further sealing the liquid ammonia within the system. After entering the pressure accumulator 40, the fuel is fed downward through the resonant block 42. The resonant block 42 consists of three pipes 56, 61, and 58. Fuel flows from these three pipes into the flow restrictor. Ammonia inlet line 56 is the primary flow channel, passing through ammonia inlet orifice 57, filtering the liquid ammonia flow, before flowing into ammonia inlet chamber 59. Ammonia inlet line 61 is the secondary flow channel, lacking an orifice. After passing through ammonia inlet chamber 62 and ammonia outlet line 64, the fuel flows directly into the flow restrictor. The No. 2 ammonia inlet throttle hole 58 and the connecting hole 63 are the main structures for achieving resonance. By changing the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation, adjusting the fluctuation frequency, and the corresponding relationship between the peaks and troughs, the pressure wave coupling process can be controlled. Especially in the boost mode, the stability of the system is guaranteed. The flow limiting valve assembly is arranged inside the injector body 33 through the pressure accumulator chamber 40. The intermediate block 43 not only limits the entire flow limiting valve assembly, but also cooperates with the intermediate block return spring 51. On the one hand, it serves as a spring seat for the intermediate block return spring 51, and on the other hand, it limits the maximum displacement of the flow limiting piston. Under the spring preload of the damping spring and the ball valve return spring, the prismatic sealing block 46 cooperates with the upper end surface of the flow limiting piston 47 and the upper end surface of the valve seat 53. Under the spring force of the return spring, the valve seat 53 is pressed against the bottom, and its upper variable cross-section forms the seating surface of the prismatic sealing block. Liquid ammonia flows from the resonant block into the intermediate chamber, passing through the intermediate block ammonia inlet port 45 and the resonant block ammonia inlet orifice 52, respectively, and into the flow limiting valve. Under the influence of liquid pressure, the prismatic sealing block 46 moves downward, overcoming the spring force as the liquid ammonia is supplied. When the fuel supply exceeds the limit, the prismatic sealing block 46 cooperates with the valve seat 53 to achieve a seal, disconnecting the fuel supply and preventing cylinder seizure. If the fuel supply is interrupted, the spring force causes the prismatic sealing block 46 to quickly return to its original position.

[0047] After passing through the flow limiter, liquid ammonia is respectively supplied to the boost chamber 71 and the ammonia storage chamber 86, and is sprayed into the cylinder by the boost module, the super magneto-electromagnetic control actuator and the direct control nozzle module. In the present invention, in order to ensure the accuracy of the fuel injector control, direct control is adopted to control the injection timing. When the power is turned on, the super hysteresis material 88 becomes longer under the influence of the electromagnetic force, overcoming the spring force of the return spring 84 to drive the needle valve downward and start injection. When the power is not turned on, the nozzle is in a sealed state due to the pre-tightening force of the return spring 84. The working principle of the specific injection process is as follows:

[0048] When operating in non-boost mode, the boost control valve is de-energized. Due to the balanced pressure across the boost piston's active surfaces, the armature 74 and double-seal valve stem 76 are compressed by the preload of the valve stem return spring 75 and the boost piston return spring 79, sealing the return ammonia passage 68. During this period, no fuel is supplied to the boost module, and the boost piston is in its reset position due to the spring preload, disabling boosting. Therefore, ammonia fuel in the system passes through the one-way ammonia inlet 31 and is stored in the accumulator chamber 40. It then flows through the resonant block 42 into the flow-limiting valve. The throttling effect of the resonant block 42 on the liquid ammonia increases the fuel pressure within the intermediate hole 54 of the flow-limiting piston 47 and the accumulator chamber 40, creating a pressure differential with the pressure within the transition oil chamber. Consequently, the flow-limiting piston 47 and the prismatic seal 46 move downward as a whole, compensating for the injection pressure. Liquid ammonia passing through the flow-limiting valve is supplied via a pipeline to the ammonia storage chamber 86. When the giant magnetotropic electromagnetic control actuator is energized, the magnetic field causes the giant magnetotropic material 88 to expand, forcing the upper valve stem 83 downward. This increases the pressure in the valve stem cavity 85 formed by the upper valve stem 83 and the lower poppet valve 92. This pressure causes the lower poppet valve 92 to move downward, driving the needle valve body 95 downward. This opens the spray hole, and the injector begins to spray ammonia. When the ammonia injection control valve is partially de-energized, the magnetic field is removed, causing the giant magnetotropic material 88 to contract, resetting the needle valve body 95, and stopping the injector. When the injector stops functioning, as liquid ammonia flows through the central orifice 54, the pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces of the flow-restricting piston 47 gradually decreases. The return spring then returns the flow-restricting piston 47 and the prismatic seal 46 to their initial positions.

[0049] When operating in boost mode, the boost control valve is partially energized, energizing the first coil 66. The boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles 65 generate electromagnetic forces, attracting the armature 74 upward and simultaneously driving the double-seal valve stem 76 upward, opening the ammonia inlet channel and closing the ammonia return channel. Liquid ammonia accumulates on the upper surface 77 of the boost piston, increasing the force on the upper surface. The pressure differential between the upper and lower surfaces overcomes the spring force, causing the boost piston to move downward. This compresses the volume within the lower boost chamber, increasing the pressure. Both the boost module and the giant magnetostrictive electromagnetic control actuator employ two control modes: one for boosting liquid ammonia with liquid ammonia, and the other for boosting liquid ammonia with diesel. The boosted liquid ammonia flows through the resonant block 42 into the flow control valve. Liquid ammonia passing through the flow control valve is then supplied via a pipeline to the ammonia storage chamber 86. The giant magnetostrictive material 88 expands, and the hysteresis seat 82 forces the upper valve stem 83 downward, increasing the pressure in the intermediate chamber 85 formed by the upper valve stem 83 and the lower poppet valve 92. The lower poppet valve 92, under pressure, moves downward. The needle valve body 95 is driven to move downward, the spray hole is opened, and the injector starts to spray ammonia. When the ammonia injection control valve is partially powered off, the magnetic field is lost, the super magnetotropic material 88 is shortened, the needle valve is reset, and the injector stops spraying.

[0050] A thermal management module, including a refrigerant inlet and outlet, is designed for the electronically controlled single-unit pump plunger cavity, the pressure-accumulating resonant current-limiting module, and the directly controlled nozzle module. The liquid ammonia phase is controlled through both temperature and pressure, achieving controllable liquid ammonia phase during the injection process. The cooling requirements of the dual-fuel injection system are met by cooling system 14. In this invention, the cooling water in the water tank is an ethylene glycol solution. Heat exchange fins are added to the water tank wall, allowing the ammonia stored in the system to undergo a phase change, achieving boiling heat exchange and providing initial cooling for the solution in the water tank. This utilizes the function of ammonia fuel as a refrigerant, significantly reducing the work performed by cooling water pump 106. The cooled ethylene glycol solution is then secondary cooled by cooling water pump 106 to meet the system's cooling requirements. Intercooler 111 reduces the intake air temperature, and deionizer 108 removes ions from the solution to produce pure water. Heater 105 regulates the solution temperature, and the treated cooling water is passed through cooling water outlet 115 to meet the cooling requirements of the heat engine.

[0051] As can be seen from the above description, the present invention uses an electronically controlled single pump controlled by thermal management for pressurization to achieve efficient supply of high-pressure liquid ammonia. A direct control form of a super magnetostrictive actuator is designed to achieve high-response and precise injection of liquid ammonia. By combining the pressure accumulator with the resonant block structure, the phase of the pressure wave fluctuation is changed, the fluctuation frequency, and the correspondence between the peak and the trough are adjusted, so as to achieve controllable pressure wave coupling process. At the same time, the injection process is combined with thermal management design to adjust the pressure and temperature to control the phase change conversion of ammonia fuel. The present invention can adopt two control methods, one is the form of liquid ammonia pressurized liquid ammonia, and the other is the form of diesel pressurized liquid ammonia. In the supercharging mode, the injection pressure and injection rate of the fuel injection are affected by the supercharging method, and the injection between cycles can be controlled.

Claims

1. The single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system is characterized by: It includes an electronically controlled single pump, a directly controlled ammonia fuel injector, an ammonia common rail pipe and a liquid ammonia storage tank. The outlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is connected to the temperature controller through a low-pressure pump and a motor. The temperature controller is respectively connected to the electronically controlled single pump and the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector. The inlet of the liquid ammonia storage tank is respectively connected to the overflow valve, the safety valve and the temperature controller. The overflow valve and the safety valve are respectively connected to the pipeline between the low-pressure pump and the motor and the temperature controller. The outlet of the electronically controlled single pump is connected to the ammonia common rail pipe, and the inlet of the directly controlled ammonia fuel injector is connected to the ammonia common rail pipe. The directly controlled ammonia fuel injector includes an injector body, in which a pressure storage resonance current limiting module, a boost module, a super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. and a directly controlled super-atomizing nozzle module, wherein the pressure storage resonance current limiting module includes a resonance block, an intermediate block, a prismatic sealing block, a current limiting piston and a valve seat, a one-way ammonia inlet and a liquid cooling pipe inlet are provided on the injector body, a pressure storage chamber is provided above the injector body, the one-way ammonia inlet and the liquid cooling pipe inlet are connected to the pressure storage chamber, a resonance block, an intermediate block, a prismatic sealing block and a valve seat are provided below the pressure storage chamber in sequence, a current limiting piston is provided in the valve seat, an intermediate block return spring is provided in the intermediate block, an intermediate block ammonia inlet hole and a resonance block ammonia inlet throttle hole are respectively provided at the bottom of the intermediate block, the prismatic sealing block is located above the current limiting piston, an intermediate hole is provided in the current limiting piston, a current limiting piston return spring is provided below the current limiting piston, and a storage chamber is provided below the current limiting piston return spring; The resonance block is respectively provided with an ammonia inlet No. 1, an ammonia inlet No. 2, an ammonia inlet cavity No. 1, an ammonia outlet No. 1 and an ammonia outlet No. 2, the ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 1 and the ammonia outlet No. 1 respectively, the ammonia inlet cavity No. 2 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 2 and the ammonia outlet No. 2 respectively, the ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is communicated with the ammonia inlet cavity No. 2 through a connecting hole, the ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the ammonia inlet No. 1 through the ammonia inlet throttle hole No. 1, and the ammonia inlet cavity No. 1 is connected to the pressure accumulator cavity through the ammonia inlet throttle hole No. 2; the boost module includes a boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles, an armature, a double-sealed valve stem, a boost upper valve seat, a boost lower valve seat, a boost piston and a one-way valve ball, the armature is sleeved on the top of the double-sealed valve stem, a boost reset spring is provided in the boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles, the armature is located below the boost main and auxiliary magnetic poles, and the double-sealed valve stem is provided with a boost reset spring. The middle part of the valve stem is located in the booster upper valve seat, and the bottom of the double-seal valve stem is located in the booster lower valve seat. The middle part of the double-seal valve stem is covered with a valve stem return spring. A double-seal protrusion is arranged between the middle and the bottom of the double-seal valve stem. Sealing surfaces are arranged on the corresponding surfaces of the booster upper valve seat, the booster lower valve seat and the double-seal valve stem. The booster piston is located below the booster lower valve seat. The middle cavity is below the top of the booster piston, and the boosting cavity is below the bottom of the booster piston. The part of the bottom of the booster piston located in the middle cavity is covered with a booster piston return spring. A return ammonia channel and an intermediate pipeline are arranged in the booster lower valve seat. The space where the double-seal protrusion is located in the booster lower valve seat is a connecting space, and the connecting space is connected to the intermediate pipeline. The one-way valve ball is arranged in the injector body, and a one-way valve return spring is installed below the one-way valve ball. The one-way valve ball is connected to the storage chamber above, and the one-way valve return spring is connected to the boost chamber below; the electronically controlled single pump includes a housing, an electronically controlled module, a plunger, a plunger seat, a roller and a cam, a one-way ball valve is arranged on the top of the housing, and the electronically controlled module is located below the one-way ball valve. A low-pressure ammonia supply pipeline and a high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline are respectively arranged in the housing, and the electronically controlled module includes an electronically controlled iron core, an electronically controlled armature, an electronically controlled valve core and a plug. The electronically controlled armature is installed on the first end of the electronically controlled valve core, and the electronically controlled armature is located next to the electronically controlled iron core. The plug is located next to the second end of the electronically controlled valve core. The plug and the second end of the electronically controlled valve core form a sealing surface, and the space where the plug is located is a plug cavity. A disc spring and an electronically controlled armature return spring are mounted on the electronically controlled armature, and the space where the electronically controlled armature return spring is located is a return spring. The spring cavity, the plug cavity and the return spring cavity are respectively connected to the low-pressure ammonia supply pipeline, the top of the plunger is located in the shell, the bottom of the plunger is located in the plunger seat, the top of the plunger and the shell form a plunger cavity, the top of the high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline is located below the one-way ball valve, the bottom end of the high-pressure ammonia supply pipeline is connected to the plunger cavity, a plunger spring is sleeved on the plunger, a spring seat is provided in the plunger seat, the end of the plunger spring is located on the spring seat, a roller is installed at the bottom of the plunger seat, the roller cooperates with the cam below, a first lubricating oil pipeline and a second lubricating oil pipeline are provided in the plunger seat, and a roller connecting channel is provided on the roller. The roller communicates with the first lubricating oil pipeline and the second lubricating oil pipeline through the roller connecting channel during rolling, and the first lubricating oil pipeline is also connected to the space formed by the spring seat and the plunger seat.

2. The single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator includes super hysteresis main and auxiliary magnetic poles, a hysteresis seat, an upper valve stem, a lower cone valve and an ammonia inlet pipeline. Super hysteresis material is arranged in the through holes of the super hysteresis main and auxiliary magnetic poles, and the hysteresis seat, the upper valve stem and the lower cone valve are arranged in sequence below the super hysteresis material.

3. The single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The directly controlled super-atomizing nozzle module includes a needle valve body, a needle valve seat and a nozzle shell. The needle valve body is installed in the nozzle shell. The space where the needle valve body is located forms an ammonia storage chamber. The lower part of the one-way valve return spring is connected to the ammonia storage chamber through an ammonia inlet pipeline. The needle valve seat is located below the nozzle shell. An injection flow channel is formed between the needle valve seat and the nozzle shell. The top end of the needle valve body is connected to the lower end cone valve of the super hysteresis electromagnetic control actuator. The lower end of the needle valve body is the nozzle body, and the nozzle body is connected to the needle valve seat through a connecting bolt.

4. The single pump controlled multi-valve ammonia fuel injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a cooling system, including a water tank, a radiator, a deionizer, a heater, an intercooler and a cooling connection port. The radiator, the deionizer, the heater, the intercooler and the cooling connection port are connected in parallel to form a cooling unit. The water tank is connected to the cooling unit, the cooling connection port is connected to the outlet, and the cooling unit is connected to the cooling water outlet through a discharge valve.

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