A vertical tunneling shield machine test device and a test method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of vertical tunneling shield machine test device and test method thereof, it is related to shield test technical field, it solves the problem that the degree of automation and the low degree of integration of device of existing shield simulation device are low, improve simulation effect, specific scheme is as follows: including fixed installation on the machine frame of rock-soil sample upper, lifting platform is driven to move up and down by ball screw in machine frame, control mechanism and the reduction motor for driving cutter bar rotation are fixedly installed on the side wall of machine frame, cutter bar vertically penetrates and is fixed on lifting platform and rotates relative to lifting platform, cutter bar is connected with cutter by rotating pipe, the outer sleeve of rotating pipe is equipped with pipe piece mechanism, pipe piece mechanism is located between lifting platform and cutter, cooling and slag removal mechanism is further fixedly arranged on lifting platform, and the slag removal pipe of cooling and slag removal mechanism is inserted into cutter bar and communicated with the aperture on cutter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) testing technology, and in particular to a testing device and method for a vertical tunneling TBM. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling model tests are an important means of studying shield tunneling technology. Indoor model tests of shield tunneling simulate the excavation of shield tunnels, study the mechanical properties of the shield construction process, analyze the stress and deformation state of the soil and rock mass during simulated tunnel excavation under different excavation parameters, and conduct mechanical parameter tests and structural internal force tests on equipment such as the shield cutterhead and cutters. This allows for the analysis of the stability and wear of the shield during construction, providing data support and theoretical basis for subsequent shield design and shield propulsion control.

[0003] While existing shield tunneling model devices can meet the research needs of basic tunneling schemes, their level of mechanical automation and integration is low, their overall size is large, and they occupy a large indoor area, making them inconvenient to use. At the same time, existing shield tunneling simulation devices are mostly used to simulate simple tunneling processes, without involving processes such as slag removal, cutterhead cooling, segment construction, and cutterhead replacement, and cannot accurately reproduce the actual construction scenario, resulting in poor overall simulation effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a vertical tunneling shield machine test device and its test method. By vertically oriented the shield machine test device, the footprint is reduced. Segments are installed outside the cutter bar, and a cooling and slag removal mechanism is installed inside the cutter bar. While retaining the functions of segment construction, cooling, and slag removal, the device achieves component integration, greatly reducing its size. Furthermore, the cutter bar, segments, cutters, and cooling and slag removal mechanism are all driven by a single lifting platform, simplifying operation and solving the problems of low mechanical automation and low device integration in existing shield simulation devices.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine, comprising a frame fixedly installed above a soil and rock sample, a lifting platform that moves up and down driven by a ball screw inside the frame, a control mechanism and a reduction motor for driving the cutter bar to rotate fixedly installed on the side wall of the frame, the cutter bar vertically penetrating and fixed on the lifting platform and rotating relative to the lifting platform, the cutter bar being connected to the cutter through a rotating tube, a segment mechanism being sleeved on the outside of the rotating tube, the segment mechanism being located between the lifting platform and the cutter, a cooling and slag discharge mechanism being fixedly installed on the lifting platform, the slag discharge pipe of the cooling and slag discharge mechanism being inserted into the cutter bar and communicating with the holes on the cutter.

[0007] As a further implementation, two ball screws are provided and arranged opposite each other. The ball screws are connected in sequence to a servo motor fixedly installed on the top of the frame through a coupling, a reversing gearbox, a sprocket and chain, a planetary reducer, and the lifting platform is also connected to a linear guide rail vertically arranged inside the frame.

[0008] As a further implementation, the top of the slag discharge pipe is connected to a rotary joint, which is fixedly connected to a guide rod vertically fixed on the lifting platform via a fixed plate. A chain track is provided between the guide rods, with one end of the chain track fixedly connected to the fixed plate and the other end fixedly connected to the lifting platform.

[0009] As a further implementation, the rotary joint has two interfaces, an inlet and an outlet, and the slag discharge pipe has a concentric double-layer pipe structure. The inlet of the rotary joint is connected to the inner pipe of the slag discharge pipe, and the outlet of the rotary joint is connected to the outer pipe of the slag discharge pipe.

[0010] As a further implementation, the geared motor is connected to the synchronous pulley on the tool bar via a synchronous belt. The tool bar has several grooves spaced around its circumference, which extend along the length of the tool bar. The synchronous pulley has protrusions inside that mate with the grooves. The geared motor is equipped with a dynamic torque sensor, and the tool bar is equipped with an electric slip ring.

[0011] As a further implementation, the top of the rotating tube is fixedly connected to the lifting platform via a rotating tube fixing seat, and the top of the rotating tube passes through the rotating tube fixing seat.

[0012] As a further implementation, the tube segment mechanism contains several tube segments, and a dot matrix piezoelectric thin film sensor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of each tube segment. The upper end of the tube segment mechanism is provided with a first shield, the lower end with a second shield, and a cylinder is provided between the first shield and the lifting platform.

[0013] As a further implementation, the outer diameter of the second shield is smaller than the outer diameter of the cutter head on the tool. The cutter head can be any one of a panel-type cutter head, a spoke-type cutter head, or a composite cutter head. A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the rotating tube and the tool.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention provides a test method, as follows:

[0015] The soil and rock sample is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine body, and the cooling and slag removal mechanism is connected to the medium supply pipeline;

[0016] The servo motor is started to drive the lifting platform to move downward, and the cutter bar, rotating tube, cutter and segment mechanism move downward as a whole to simulate the tunneling and segment installation process. During the downward movement of the cutter, the geared motor drives the cutter bar to rotate.

[0017] During tunneling, the medium entering from the rotary joint flows through the inner pipe to the cutter to cool the cutter and carry rock cuttings out through the outer pipe;

[0018] After the simulation is complete, turn off the geared motor and drive the lifting platform to move upward.

[0019] As a further implementation, when simulations of other working conditions are required, a rock sample of a specified lithology is selected and replaced with a rock sample at the bottom of the frame. At the same time, the cutterhead is replaced according to the lithology, and then the servo motor and geared motor are started to re-perform the tunneling simulation.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) The present invention sets the shield machine test device vertically, reducing the footprint. It sets the segments outside the cutter bar and the cooling and slag removal mechanism inside the cutter bar. While retaining the functions of segment construction, cooling and slag removal, it realizes the integration of components, greatly reducing the size of the device. Moreover, the cutter bar, segments, cutter and cooling and slag removal mechanism are all driven by a lifting platform. The lifting platform and the reduction motor can realize the synchronous lifting and rotation of each mechanism. The operation is simple and can effectively simulate the actual construction scenarios of shield test such as slag removal, cutter head cooling, segment construction and cutter head replacement, thus improving the simulation effect.

[0022] (2) The rotary joint of the present invention has two interfaces, an inlet and an outlet. The slag discharge pipe has a concentric double-layer pipe structure. The inlet of the rotary joint is connected to the inner pipe of the slag discharge pipe, and the outlet of the rotary joint is connected to the outer pipe of the slag discharge pipe. It integrates cooling and slag discharge functions and reduces the number of pipes and joints used, greatly reducing the space occupied and making it convenient to use.

[0023] (3) The tool bar of the present invention has several grooves spaced around its circumference. The grooves extend along the length of the tool bar. The inside of the synchronous pulley has protrusions that cooperate with the grooves. With the cooperation of the protrusions and grooves, the tool bar can be driven to rotate by the synchronous pulley while the tool bar can slide vertically relative to the synchronous pulley. No other rotating / fixed parts are required. The overall structure is simple, low in cost and easy to maintain.

[0024] (4) The first shield of the present invention is provided with a cylinder between the lifting platform and the cylinder, which can freely adjust the pressure to avoid damage to the tube segments due to excessive pressure.

[0025] (5) The outer diameter of the second shield of the present invention is smaller than the outer diameter of the cutter head on the cutter, so that the second shield is fastened on the cutter head, which can effectively prevent rock chips from entering the gap between the cutter head and the second shield during the working process and causing the cutter to jam.

[0026] (6) During the test, the present invention can select and replace the appropriate cutter head according to the lithology of the rock sample, which is highly adaptable and can simulate different working conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vertical tunneling shield machine test device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tool lifting mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling slag removal mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tool rotation mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the segment installation mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the panel-type cutter head according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spoke-type cutter head according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the composite cutter head according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the tool holder and the timing pulley according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0038] In the diagram: the spacing or dimensions between parts have been exaggerated to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0039] The components include: 1. Cooling and slag removal mechanism; 2. Tool lifting mechanism; 3. Segment installation mechanism; 4. Tool rotation mechanism; 5. Control mechanism; 6. Tool; 7. Machine body; 8. Cantilever box; 9. Human-machine interface; 10. Operation buttons; 11. Emergency stop switch; 12. Box connecting parts; 13. Connecting pipe; 14. Vertical wall base; 15. Planetary reducer; 16. Motor mounting base; 17. Coupling; 18. Servo motor; 19. Lifting platform; 20. Linear guide rail; 21. Reversing gearbox; 22. Sprocket and chain; 23. Ball screw mounting base; 24. Nut connector; 25. Ball screw; 26. Support base; 27. Rotary joint; 28. Connecting flange; 29. ​​Slag removal pipe; 3 0. Track; 31. Fixing plate; 32. Guide rod; 33. Synchronous belt; 34. First sensor; 35. Gear motor; 36. Electric slip ring; 37. Cutter bar; 371. Groove; 38. Synchronous pulley; 381. Protrusion; 39. Cutter bar fixing seat; 40. Cylinder; 41. Camera unit; 42. Second sensor; 43. Third sensor; 44. Rotary tube fixing seat; 45. Rotary tube; 46. Tube segment; 47. Shield; 48. Panel-type cutter head; 49. Spoke-type cutter head; 50. Composite cutter head; 51. Single-sided scraper; 52. Single-edged hob; 53. Atmospheric pressure cutter; 54. Fishtail cutter; 55. Symmetrical side scraper; 56. Hob; 57. Side scraper; 58. Spur tooth cutter. Detailed Implementation

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0041] As described in the background section, existing shield tunneling model devices have low levels of mechanical automation and integration, large overall size, and require significant indoor space, making them inconvenient to use. Furthermore, existing shield tunneling simulation devices are mostly used to simulate simple tunneling processes, omitting processes such as slag removal, cutterhead cooling, segment construction, and cutterhead replacement, thus failing to accurately reproduce actual construction scenarios and resulting in poor overall simulation performance. To address these technical problems, this invention proposes a vertical tunneling shield machine testing device and its testing method.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-10 As shown, a test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine is proposed, comprising a cooling and slag removal mechanism 1, a cutter lifting mechanism 2, a segment installation mechanism 3, a cutter rotation mechanism 4, a control mechanism 5, a cutter 6, and a machine body 7.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, the body 7 is located outside the main body of the tunnel boring machine and is assembled from carbon steel frame components. The bottom space of the body 7 is used to fix the soil and rock samples, and the upper space of the body 7 is used to install the main components of the tunnel boring machine.

[0045] The tube segment installation mechanism 3, the cooling slag removal mechanism 1, and the cutter rotation mechanism 4 are fixed at the center of the upper space of the machine body 7. The servo motor 18 of the cutter lifting mechanism 2 and the reversing gearbox 21 are connected by a planetary reducer 15, which is fixed on the first motor mounting base 16, which is fixedly connected to the top of the machine body 7. The vertical wall mount 14 of the control mechanism 5 is fixed on the upper side wall of the machine body 7.

[0046] The soil and rock sample is fixed at the bottom of the machine body 7. The torque output by the cutter rotation mechanism 4 is transmitted to the cutter 6 through the rotating tube 44 in the segment mounting mechanism 3, and the cutter 6 applies pressure to the soil and rock sample.

[0047] To meet the automation requirements of the tunnel boring machine process, the equipment interactive control operation is integrated into the control mechanism 5. The control mechanism 5 consists of a cantilever box 8, a human-machine interface 9, operation buttons 10, an emergency stop switch 11, a box connector 12, a connecting pipe 13, and a vertical wall base 14.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the human-machine interface 9 is embedded in the cantilever box 8. The cantilever box 8 integrates operation buttons 10 and an emergency stop switch 11. The cantilever box 8 is supported by a connecting pipe 13, the bottom of which is fixed to a vertical wall base 14. The vertical wall base 14 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the machine body 7. The middle part of the connecting pipe 13 is nested in the box connector 12 fixed to the bottom of the cantilever box 8. During the initial test, the equipment can easily complete routine commands such as downward tunneling, excavated soil transportation, and segment assembly by operating the corresponding operation buttons 10. An emergency stop switch 11 is provided to handle emergency shutdown requirements in special circumstances.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, the tool lifting mechanism 2 consists of a planetary reducer 15, a motor mounting base 16, a coupling 17, a servo motor 18, a lifting platform 19, a linear guide rail 20, a reversing gearbox 21, a sprocket and chain 22, a ball screw mounting base 23, a nut connector 24, a ball screw 25, and a support base 26.

[0050] The servo motor 18 is horizontally fixed on the top of the body 7 via the motor mounting base 16. The servo motor 18 is connected to the sprocket and chain 22 via the planetary reducer 15. The power generated by the servo motor 18 is transmitted to the sprocket and chain 22 via the planetary reducer 15 at a reduction ratio of 25:1.

[0051] Two reversing gearboxes 21 are provided and are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the sprocket and chain 22 and connected to the sprocket and chain 22. The sprocket and chain 22 can drive the reversing gearboxes 21 on both sides to work. The bottom of each reversing gearbox 21 is connected to a ball screw 25 through a coupling 17. The bottom of the ball screw 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the machine body 7 through a support seat 26.

[0052] Specifically, the bottom of the reversing gearbox 21 is connected to a ball screw mounting seat 23 via a coupling 17, and the bottom of the ball screw mounting seat 23 is connected to the top of the ball screw 25.

[0053] The lifting platform 19 has a through hole at its center for the knife bar 37 and the slag discharge pipe 29 to pass through. The lifting platform 19 is located between two ball screws 25. Both sides of the lifting platform 19 are connected to the nuts on the ball screws 25 through the nut connectors 24, so that the lifting platform 19 can move vertically along the ball screws 25 under the drive of the ball screws 25.

[0054] The two sides of the lifting platform 19 are also fixedly connected to the sliders on the linear guide rail 20. The linear guide rail 20 is vertically fixed inside the machine body 7 and mainly plays the role of guiding and limiting, ensuring the smooth movement of the lifting platform 19.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the cooling slag discharge mechanism 1 consists of a rotary joint 27, a connecting flange 28, a slag discharge pipe 29, a track 30, a fixing plate 31, and a guide rod 32.

[0056] There are two guide rods 32, which are arranged vertically opposite each other. The bottom of the guide rods 32 is fixedly connected to the tool holder fixing seat 39 on the tool rotation mechanism 4.

[0057] The bottom of the slag discharge pipe 29 is inserted into the cutter bar 37 and communicates with the hole on the cutter 6 for the discharge of waste residue. The top of the slag discharge pipe 29 is fixedly connected to the rotary joint 27 through the connecting flange 28. The rotary joint 27 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 32 through the fixing plate 31, so that the slag discharge pipe 29 and the cutter 6 can be driven to move synchronously under the action of the guide rod 32 to ensure that the slag discharge work is carried out effectively.

[0058] One end of the track 30 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 31, and the other end is fixedly connected to the tool holder 39 on the tool rotation mechanism 4. On the one hand, it plays a buffering role, and on the other hand, the track 30 contains a tank chain structure to protect the wires and other cable structures.

[0059] It is understandable that the guide rod 32 and the track 30 can also be directly fixed on the lifting platform 19. The specific method can be determined according to actual needs, and no further restrictions are imposed here.

[0060] The rotary joint 27 has two interfaces, namely the inlet and the outlet; the slag discharge pipe 29 has a concentric double-layer pipe structure, consisting of inner and outer pipe walls, which are coaxially arranged and have their bottoms flush.

[0061] The inlet of the rotary joint 27 is connected to the space enclosed by the inner wall of the slag discharge pipe 29 (i.e., the inner pipe) to deliver high-pressure gas / cooling water to the tool 6 for cooling the tool 6 and carrying away waste slag.

[0062] The outlet of the rotary joint 27 is connected to the space enclosed by the outer wall of the slag discharge pipe 29 (i.e., the outer pipe). High-pressure gas / cooling water can carry the waste residue and discharge it outward through the outlet to achieve the slag discharge operation.

[0063] like Figure 5 As shown, the tool rotation mechanism 4 consists of a synchronous belt 33, a first sensor 34, a reduction motor 35, an electric slip ring 36, a tool holder 37, a synchronous pulley 38, and a tool holder fixing seat 39.

[0064] In this embodiment, the geared motor 35 is a two-stage geared motor. The geared motor 35 is vertically fixed on the side wall of the machine body 7. The geared motor 35 is connected to the synchronous pulley on the tool holder 37 through the synchronous belt 33 to drive the rotation of the tool holder 37, thereby driving the rotation of the tool 6.

[0065] The output end of the geared motor 35 is equipped with a first sensor 34, which is a dynamic torque sensor. An electric slip ring 36 is installed on the upper part of the tool holder 37. The data collected by the first sensor 34 can be transmitted to an external storage device through the electric slip ring 36.

[0066] The cutter bar 37 and the cutter bar fixing seat 39 are rotatably connected by a bearing. The cutter bar fixing seat 39 is fixedly mounted on the lifting platform 19, so that the cutter bar fixing seat 39 can be driven to move vertically under the action of the lifting platform 19, thereby driving the cutter bar 37 to move vertically, so as to drive the cutter 6 to move to simulate the process of shield tunneling.

[0067] like Figure 10 As shown, the tool holder 37 has several grooves 371 spaced around its circumference, and the grooves 371 extend along the length of the tool holder 37. The timing pulley 38 has a mounting hole at its middle position, and the timing pulley 38 is sleeved on the tool holder 37 through the mounting hole. The mounting hole wall has several protrusions 381 spaced around its circumference that cooperate with the grooves 371. Thus, with the cooperation of the protrusions 381 and the grooves 371, the timing pulley 38 can drive the tool holder 37 to rotate, while the tool holder 37 can also slide vertically relative to the timing pulley 38.

[0068] The gear at the output end of the geared motor 35 is embedded in the synchronous belt 33, which restricts the up and down movement of the synchronous belt 33. The other end of the synchronous belt 33 is connected to the synchronous pulley 38 on the tool bar 37, which restricts the up and down movement of the synchronous pulley 38. The inside of the synchronous pulley 38 meshes with the outer surface of the tool bar 37 to transmit rotational power.

[0069] like Figure 6 As shown, the segment installation mechanism 3 consists of a cylinder 40, a camera unit 41, a second sensor 42, a third sensor 43, a rotating tube fixing seat 44, a rotating tube 45, a segment 46, and a shield 47.

[0070] The upper part of the rotating tube 45 passes through the rotating tube fixing seat 44. The rotating tube fixing seat 44 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the lifting platform 19 of the tool lifting mechanism 2 and serves as a guide. Cylinders 40 are provided on both sides of the top of the rotating tube 45. The top of the cylinder 40 is connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 19 of the lifting mechanism 2, and the bottom of the cylinder 40 is in contact with the shield 47 to freely adjust the pressure and avoid excessive pressure from damaging the tube 46.

[0071] The tool holder 37 is inserted into the rotating tube 45. The bottom of the tool holder 37 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bottom of the rotating tube 45. The bottom of the rotating tube 45 is detachably connected to the tool 6. Thus, the torque of the tool holder 37 can be transmitted to the tool 6 through the rotating tube 45, thereby driving the tool 6 to rotate.

[0072] The tube segment 46 is a ring structure, and there are several tube segments 46. Several tube segments 46 are sequentially sleeved on the rotating tube 45 along the axial direction of the rotating tube 45 to form a tube segment mechanism. Adjacent tube segments 46 can rotate relative to each other. Each tube segment 46 is connected to the rotating tube 45 through an electric push rod. The connection or disconnection between the tube segment 46 and the rotating tube 45 can be controlled by the control mechanism 5.

[0073] Specifically, a number of electric push rods are fixedly provided on the rotating tube 45 at equal intervals along its axial direction. The number of electric push rods is the same as the number of tube segments 46 and corresponds one-to-one. An annular groove for inserting the electric push rod is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the tube segment 46. A number of arc-shaped baffles are provided at equal intervals along the rotation direction in the groove. So when the electric push rod is inserted into the groove, the corresponding tube segment 46 can be rotated around the axis by the push rod through the cooperation of the baffle and the push rod.

[0074] It is understandable that the electric actuator will not restrict the operation of the rotating tube 45 when it is in the retracted state. For example, the electric actuator can be installed inside the rotating tube 45. The specific setting method can be determined according to the actual design requirements, and no further restrictions will be imposed here.

[0075] The upper and lower ends of the segment mechanism are equipped with shields 47. The upper part of the segment mechanism is the first shield, which is located below the cylinder 40 and is fixedly connected to the rotating tube 45 to avoid damage to the segment 46 caused by direct contact between the cylinder 40 and the segment 46. A camera unit 41 is installed on the first shield, which can realize panoramic shooting under the drive of the first shield.

[0076] Below the segment mechanism is the second shield. The outer diameter of the second shield is smaller than that of the cutterhead, so that the second shield is fastened to the cutterhead to prevent soil clods from entering the gap between the cutterhead and the second shield during operation and causing the cutterhead to jam.

[0077] It should be noted that when the tube segment 46 rotates, the rotating fixed seat 44 and the cylinder 40 remain stationary.

[0078] A second sensor 42 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of each segment 46. The second sensor 42 is a dot matrix piezoelectric thin film sensor, which is used to monitor the working status of the shield 47 and record and transmit the real-time pressure changes of each segment 46 during construction.

[0079] Since the rotating tube 45 can drive the tube segment 46 to rotate, a second sensor 42 can be used to detect the pressure on the circumference of the corresponding tube segment 46, reducing the number of sensors used.

[0080] A third sensor 43 is installed at the connection between the rotating tube 45 and the cutter 6. The third sensor 43 is a cutter head pressure sensor, mainly used to detect the pressure of the cutter head. The third sensor 43 is located inside the second shield.

[0081] When the vertical tunneling shield machine test device simulates different geological conditions, the cutter head 6 can be replaced according to the lithological characteristics of the simulated strata, and different tunneling parameters can be quickly deployed through the control mechanism 5. For various working conditions such as rock strata, soil strata and composite strata, the cutter head 6 can be replaced with any one of the following: panel cutter head 48, spoke cutter head 49, and composite cutter head 50.

[0082] Among them, the front panel of the panel-type cutter head 48 is made of a single piece of steel plate, and the cutter holder is machined on the panel to adapt to working under high temperature, high torque, long-term vibration and harsh geological conditions.

[0083] The panel-type cutter head 48 is equipped with several single-sided scrapers 51 and single-edged hobs 52. The single-edged hobs 52 are arranged in an Archimedean spiral pattern, with single-sided scrapers 51 positioned at the edges. In the central area of ​​the cutter head, the single-edged hobs 52 are arranged in pairs, while the remaining positions each have a single-edged hob 52. Figure 7 As shown.

[0084] The atmospheric pressure cutters 53 on the spoke-type cutter head 49 are arranged in an Archimedean spiral and symmetrically on both sides of the spoke arms, such as Figure 8 As shown.

[0085] It is important to note that the number of spokes in the layout design should avoid interference between the installation of adjacent atmospheric pressure cutters 53 on the same spoke and the opening and closing of the gate, and should also ensure the continuity of the cutting trajectory of the atmospheric pressure cutter 53.

[0086] To ensure that the atmospheric pressure cutter 53 arranged on the spoke arm can continuously scrape the rock and soil, the two atmospheric pressure cutters 53 on adjacent tracks should be designed with a certain degree of overlap during excavation.

[0087] The fishtail cutter 54 is installed at the center of the cutterhead to improve the cutting effect in the center when simulating soft soil strata; the root of the fishtail cutter is tapered to improve the soil rotation movement under cutting, thereby improving the overall tunneling effect of the shield.

[0088] Several symmetrical side scrapers 55 are provided at the edge of the cutter head, and the symmetrical side scrapers 55 and the spoke arms are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction.

[0089] The composite cutterhead 50 is suitable for simulation tests of composite soft soil and hard rock formations. The roller cutters 56 are arranged in an Archimedean spiral pattern. The roller cutters 56 are paired in the central area of ​​the cutterhead, while the remaining areas have individual roller cutters 56. Side scrapers 57 are installed on both sides of the edge discharge port of the cutterhead. Positive tooth cutters 58 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the roller cutter 56 arrangement axis. In the central area of ​​the cutterhead, additional positive tooth cutters 58 are arranged in the unpaired sections of the roller cutters 56. Figure 9 As shown.

[0090] It should be noted that when replacing the cutter 6, it should be removed from the cutter bar 37 inside the bottom shield 47 of the segment mounting mechanism 3, and before restarting, ensure that it is connected to the third sensor 43.

[0091] In this embodiment, the shield tunneling machine test device is set vertically, which greatly reduces the indoor footprint. The device has a compact overall structure and high integration. It can realize the synchronous lifting and rotation of each mechanism using the lifting platform 19 and the reduction motor 35. It is easy to operate and can effectively simulate actual construction scenarios such as slag removal, cutterhead cooling, segment construction, and cutterhead replacement in shield tunneling tests. It can also monitor various parameters online, effectively ensuring the accuracy of simulation results and data, and providing data support for optimizing the design of shield tunneling construction.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] In another typical embodiment of the present invention, a test method is proposed, which utilizes the vertical tunneling shield machine test device described in Example 1, as follows:

[0094] The soil and rock sample is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine body 7, and the inlet of the cooling slag discharge mechanism 1 is connected to the medium supply pipeline.

[0095] Understandably, the medium supply pipeline can be used to supply high-pressure gas / cooling water, etc., and the specific choice can be made according to actual needs.

[0096] Servo motor 18 and geared motor 35 are started respectively. Servo motor 18 drives lifting platform 19 to move downward along linear guide rail 20 through ball screw 25. In turn, lifting platform 19 drives cutter bar 37, rotating tube 45, cutter 6 and segment mechanism to move downward to simulate the process of tunneling and segment 46 installation.

[0097] During the downward movement of the cutter 6, the geared motor 35 drives the cutter bar 37 to rotate via the synchronous pulley 38, and the torque on the cutter bar 37 is transmitted to the cutter 6 through the rotary tube 45 to drive the cutter 6 to rotate and cut the soil and rock sample.

[0098] During tunneling, the medium entering from the inlet of the rotary joint 27 flows through the inner pipe of the slag discharge pipe 29 to the cutter 6 to cool the cutter 6 and can carry rock cuttings into the outer pipe of the slag discharge pipe 29. The medium carrying rock cuttings in the outer pipe is discharged through the outlet of the rotary joint 27.

[0099] Since the guide rod 32 is fixedly installed on the tool holder fixing seat 39 (which can also be understood as fixedly installed on the lifting platform 19), the slag discharge pipe 29 can move synchronously with the movement of the tool 6.

[0100] In the tunnel boring machine simulation, the first sensor 34, the second sensor 42, and the third sensor 43 can be used to monitor the torque, the pressure around the segment 46, and the pressure at the cutterhead in real time. The segment 46 that needs to rotate can be connected to the rotating tube 45 according to actual needs.

[0101] Once the simulation is complete, the geared motor 35 is turned off, and the servo motor 18 drives the lifting platform 19 to move upward, thereby driving the cutter 6, the tube segment mechanism, and the cooling slag removal mechanism 1 to move upward synchronously.

[0102] When other working conditions need to be simulated, the rock sample is first replaced. The lithology of the rock sample is selected according to the actual needs. The corresponding cutterhead is selected and replaced according to the lithology of the rock sample. Then the above operation is repeated to simulate the tunnel boring machine.

[0103] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine, characterized in that, The apparatus includes a frame fixedly installed above the soil and rock sample. Inside the frame is a lifting platform driven up and down by ball screws. A control mechanism and a geared motor for driving a tool holder are fixedly installed on the side wall of the frame. The tool holder extends vertically through and is fixed to the lifting platform, rotating relative to it. The tool holder is connected to a cutting tool via a rotating tube. A segmented tube mechanism is fitted around the rotating tube, located between the lifting platform and the cutting tool. A cooling and slag removal mechanism is also fixedly installed on the lifting platform, with its slag removal pipe inserted into the tool holder and communicating with a hole in the cutting tool. Two ball screws are provided and arranged opposite each other. The ball screws are connected sequentially to a servo motor fixedly installed on the top of the frame via a coupling, a reversing gearbox, a sprocket and chain, and a planetary reducer. The lifting platform is also connected to a linear guide rail vertically installed inside the frame. The top of the slag discharge pipe is connected to a rotary joint, which is fixedly connected to a guide rod that is vertically fixed on the lifting platform through a fixed plate. A chain track is provided between the guide rods, with one end of the chain track fixedly connected to the fixed plate and the other end fixedly connected to the lifting platform. The rotary joint has two interfaces, an inlet and an outlet. The slag discharge pipe has a concentric double-layer pipe structure. The inlet of the rotary joint is connected to the inner pipe of the slag discharge pipe, and the outlet of the rotary joint is connected to the outer pipe of the slag discharge pipe. The tube segment mechanism contains several tube segments, and a dot matrix piezoelectric thin film sensor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of each tube segment. The upper end of the tube segment mechanism is provided with a first shield, the lower end with a second shield, and a cylinder is provided between the first shield and the lifting platform.

2. The test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The geared motor is connected to the synchronous pulley on the tool bar via a synchronous belt. The tool bar has several grooves spaced around its circumference, which extend along the length of the tool bar. The synchronous pulley has protrusions inside that mate with the grooves. The geared motor is equipped with a dynamic torque sensor, and the tool bar is equipped with an electric slip ring.

3. The test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the rotating tube is fixedly connected to the lifting platform via a rotating tube fixing seat, and the top of the rotating tube passes through the rotating tube fixing seat.

4. The test device for a vertical tunneling shield machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the second shield is smaller than the outer diameter of the cutter head on the tool. The cutter head can be any one of a panel-type cutter head, a spoke-type cutter head, or a composite cutter head. A pressure sensor is installed at the connection between the rotating tube and the tool.

5. A test method utilizing a vertical tunneling shield machine test device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: The soil and rock sample is fixedly installed at the bottom of the frame, and the cooling and slag removal mechanism is connected to the medium supply pipeline. The servo motor is started to drive the lifting platform to move downward, and the cutter bar, rotating tube, cutter and segment mechanism move downward as a whole to simulate the tunneling and segment installation process. During the downward movement of the cutter, the geared motor drives the cutter bar to rotate. During tunneling, the medium entering from the rotary joint flows through the inner pipe to the cutter to cool the cutter and carry rock cuttings out through the outer pipe; After the simulation is complete, turn off the geared motor and drive the lifting platform to move upward.

6. The test method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When other working conditions need to be simulated, select a rock sample with a specified lithology and replace it with the rock sample at the bottom of the frame. At the same time, replace the cutterhead according to the lithology, and then start the servo motor and geared motor to re-simulate the tunneling.

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