Power equipment temperature detection device and detection method

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of power equipment detection, and particularly relates to a power equipment temperature detection device and method. The power equipment temperature detection device comprises a bottom rod, a sliding rod connected to the bottom rod in a sliding mode, a connecting rod connected to the sliding rod in a sliding mode, a contact arc plate fixed to the connecting rod, a first cylindrical rod fixed to the contact arc plate, a second cylindrical rod fixed to the bottom rod, and one end of a hinged rod hinged to the second cylindrical rod and the other end of the hinged rod hinged to the first cylindrical rod. The detection method of the power equipment temperature detection device comprises the following steps. Step one: connecting a transverse rod to the telescopic rods of two electric push rods and connecting the two electric push rods to a wheeled chassis carrier; step two: moving the wheeled chassis carrier along a plurality of side-by-side placed power equipment; and providing a device capable of replacing manual work and automatically and efficiently and accurately detecting the temperature of power equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power equipment testing technology, and particularly relates to a power equipment temperature detection device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Electrical equipment is a general term for equipment used to connect, transmit, or control power in the power industry. It refers to most equipment in the power industry, including but not limited to distribution cabinets, distribution boxes, and capacitor banks. During the operation of electrical equipment, heat generation is inevitable, and excessively high temperatures can seriously affect the operational safety of the equipment and easily cause significant safety hazards. At the same time, a large amount of heat is also generated when electrical components are overloaded or malfunctioning. Therefore, measuring the temperature can easily detect whether there are faulty components or overloads inside the electrical equipment. Thus, it is necessary to regularly detect the operating temperature of electrical equipment to ensure that it is within a reasonable temperature range. However, current technology requires manual testing of multiple electrical devices sequentially, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and wastes human resources. Therefore, there is a need for a device that can replace manual labor and automatically perform efficient and accurate temperature detection of electrical equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device that can replace manual labor and automatically perform efficient and accurate temperature detection on power equipment.

[0004] A temperature detection device for power equipment includes a base rod, a slide rod slidably connected to the base rod, a connecting rod slidably connected to the slide rod, a contact arc plate fixed to the connecting rod, a first cylindrical rod fixed to the contact arc plate, a second cylindrical rod fixed to the base rod, one end of a hinge rod hinged to the second cylindrical rod, the other end of a hinge rod hinged to the first cylindrical rod, a first tension spring fixed between the base rod and the slide rod, a rotating seat rotatably connected to the base rod, and multiple detection parts fixed to the rotating seat, each detection part being equipped with a temperature sensor.

[0005] Each of the aforementioned detection units is equipped with two temperature sensors.

[0006] It also includes a horizontal bar, on which a bottom bar is slidably connected.

[0007] The method for detecting temperature in a power equipment includes the following steps.

[0008] Step 1: Connect the transverse bar to the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods, and connect the two electric push rods to a wheeled chassis vehicle;

[0009] Step 2: Move the wheeled chassis vehicle along the multiple parallel rows of electrical equipment;

[0010] Step 3: After the wheeled chassis vehicle moves to the last electrical device among the multiple side-by-side electrical devices, operate the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods to slide, so that the contact arc plate gradually comes into contact with the electrical device.

[0011] Step 4: The operating base slides on the horizontal bar, causing the contact arc plate to press tightly against the surface of the power equipment and slide back and forth;

[0012] Step 5: Continue to slide the horizontal lever to the left, so that two temperature sensors on one of the multiple rotary seats are in close contact with the flat surface of the power equipment;

[0013] Step Six: When the temperature measurement result is normal, reset both the bottom rod and the horizontal rod, move the wheeled chassis carrier to the next power equipment, and operate the swivel to rotate counterclockwise.

[0014] Step 7: When the temperature measurement result is abnormal, slide the horizontal bar to the right to reset the bottom bar to a position away from the power equipment, operate the rotary table to rotate counterclockwise by °, and then slide the horizontal bar again to make the two temperature sensors on the new detection section measure the temperature again;

[0015] Step 8: If the temperature measurement result is still abnormal, rotate the rotating base clockwise to make the slider slide, and then attach the marking cotton to the surface of the electrical equipment with abnormal temperature to make a mark. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the base rod;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the horizontal bar;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the contact arc plate.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slide bar structure;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating base;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission ring structure;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the slider's structure;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the slider structure;

[0025] Figure 9 and Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a temperature detection device for power equipment. Implementation

[0026] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the present invention that can replace manual labor and automatically perform efficient and accurate temperature detection on power equipment, further.

[0027] The system includes a base rod 101, a sliding rod 401 slidably connected to the base rod 101, a connecting rod 402 slidably connected to the sliding rod 401, a contact arc plate 403 fixedly connected to the connecting rod 402, a first cylindrical rod 404 fixedly connected to the contact arc plate 403, a second cylindrical rod 405 fixedly connected to the base rod 101, one end of a hinge rod 406 hinged to the second cylindrical rod 405, and the other end of the hinge rod 406 hinged to the first cylindrical rod 404. A first tension spring is fixedly connected to the slide rod 401. A rotating seat 201 is rotatably connected to the bottom rod 101. Multiple detection parts 202 are fixedly connected to the rotating seat 201. Each detection part 202 is equipped with a temperature sensor 203. A first motor capable of driving the rotating seat 201 to rotate is provided on the bottom rod 101. The bottom rod 101 can move in the front-back direction. A displacement sensor I is fixedly connected to the bottom rod 101. The moving end of the displacement sensor I is fixedly connected to the slide rod 401 by a steel wire rope.

[0028] The base rod 101 is connected to a wheeled chassis vehicle with its own power source, and the base rod 101 can move left and right along the wheeled chassis vehicle. The vehicle is programmed to move along multiple side-by-side power devices. Then, the vehicle is moved to the side of the power device at the end of the side-by-side power devices, and the base rod 101 moves left and right along the vehicle, so that the contact arc plate 403 gradually comes into contact with the power device and is at the same vertical height as the detection unit 202. Then, the base rod 101 is slid back and forth along the base rod 101, so that the contact arc plate 403 slides back and forth on the power device. Then, the information obtained by the displacement sensor I allows the front end of the contact arc plate 403 to measure the flatness of the power device surface, thereby determining a flat plane on the power device. This ensures that when the temperature sensor 203 is used for temperature detection, the temperature sensor 203 can fully contact the surface of the power device, ensuring the accuracy of the detection.

[0029] After the contact arc plate 403 has established a flat surface on the power equipment, the bottom rod 101 can be continuously slid to the left. Since the contact arc plate 403 is pressed against the surface of the power equipment and cannot slide to the left, the sliding rod 401 gradually overcomes the elastic force of the first compression spring and slides relative to the bottom rod 101 as the bottom rod 101 continues to slide. During the relative sliding process between the sliding rod 401 and the bottom rod 101, the second cylindrical rod 405 slides synchronously with the bottom rod 101. The second cylindrical rod 405 gradually drives one end of the hinge rod 406 to move, and the other end of the hinge rod 406 presses the first cylindrical rod 404 downward. This causes the contact arc plate 403 to gradually move downward on the power equipment and gradually become vertically offset from the detection unit 202, thus facilitating the subsequent contact of the temperature sensor 203 with the power equipment for temperature detection.

[0030] After temperature detection is performed by the temperature sensor 203 on one of the multiple detection units 202, and the temperature of the power equipment is found to be normal, the bottom rod 101 can be slid to the right on the carrier to reset it. Then, the carrier is moved to the next power equipment closest to the end power equipment. During the movement, the rotating seat 201 is rotated counterclockwise, which changes the position of the multiple detection units 202. The detection unit 202 that has just finished detecting the temperature is no longer in the position directly facing the power equipment. The next detection unit 202 is moved to the position directly facing the power equipment. Thus, the multiple detection units 202 are used to complete the temperature detection task in sequence. This avoids the situation where the temperature sensor 203 on the detection unit 202 has residual temperature from the previous power equipment, which would affect the temperature detection results and further ensure the accuracy of the detection results.

[0031] After the temperature sensors 203 on the three detection units 202 have detected the three electrical devices, the rotary table 201 can be operated to rotate clockwise to reset, thereby avoiding the tangling of the sensor lines connecting the multiple temperature sensors 203.

[0032] Meanwhile, since the contact arc plate 403 is an arc-shaped structure, it can move in close contact with the power equipment when the carrier moves. In the process of switching the power equipment to be tested, the contact arc plate 403 can gradually press against the new power equipment and make the slide bar 401 slide on the base bar 101. In addition, when multiple power equipment placed side by side are not neat, the distance between the carrier and the power equipment can be accurately measured through the contact arc plate 403, which facilitates the automatic completion of the testing task.

[0033] See Figure 5 The diagram illustrates an embodiment that further ensures the accuracy of detection results according to the present invention.

[0034] Each of the detection units 202 is equipped with two temperature sensors 203.

[0035] The arrangement of two temperature sensors 203 allows for more accurate temperature measurement of the power equipment during temperature detection, based on information obtained from both sensors 203. This avoids the situation where a single temperature sensor 203 malfunctions and affects the temperature measurement results of the power equipment.

[0036] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 9 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which the calibration detection unit 202 does not need to be frequently moved back and forth after the vehicle has moved to a power device. Further,

[0037] It also includes a transverse rod 104, on which a base rod 101 is slidably connected. The wheeled chassis carrier is equipped with two electric push rods. The transverse rod 104 is fixed to the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods by tightening bolts. The two electric push rods push the transverse rod 104, thereby causing the base rod 101 to slide in the left and right directions, thereby performing temperature measurement. A second motor is fixedly connected to the transverse rod 104, and a first lead screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the second motor. The first lead screw is threadedly connected to the base rod 101.

[0038] When it is necessary to operate the base rod 101 to slide back and forth in the front and back direction, and then determine the plane position of the power equipment through the contact arc plate 403, the base rod 101 can be operated to slide back and forth on the transverse rod 104, which in turn causes the slide rod 401 to slide, and then causes the contact arc plate 403 to be in close contact with the surface of the power equipment and slide. Thus, without frequently moving the carrier, a flat plane can be determined on the power equipment by using the front end of the contact arc plate 403, which is convenient for subsequent measurement work.

[0039] See Figure 6-7 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the invention that facilitates leaving a mark on electrical equipment where abnormal temperatures occur. Further,

[0040] It also includes a fixed seat 502 fixed to the base rod 101, a rotating seat 201 rotatably connected to the fixed seat 502, a marking cotton 504 connected to the fixed seat 502, the fixed seat 502 is provided with an arc-shaped sliding groove, the marking cotton 504 can move along the arc-shaped sliding groove, and the marking cotton 504 is impregnated with erasable pigment.

[0041] When an abnormal temperature is detected on the surface of a power device during the inspection process, the marking cotton 504 can be moved along the arc-shaped slide groove and assisted by the sliding bottom rod 101 to the left, so that the marking cotton 504 adheres to the surface of the power device with abnormal temperature, thereby leaving an erasable mark on the surface of the power device. Then, when the staff conducts manual inspection, the power device with abnormal temperature can be quickly identified, and maintenance or heat dissipation can be strengthened as soon as possible, which further facilitates the manual work.

[0042] See Figure 5-7 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the invention that further leaves a mark on electrical equipment exhibiting abnormal temperatures.

[0043] It also includes a slider 501 that is slidably connected in an arc-shaped groove, a marker cotton 504 connected to the slider 501, a plurality of actuating plates 204 that are slidably connected to the rotating base 201, a compression spring that is fixed between each actuating plate 204 and the rotating base 201, an arc surface that is provided at the front end of each actuating plate 204, an arc-shaped protrusion that is provided on the slider 501, and an arc-shaped spring that is fixed between the slider 501 and the arc-shaped groove.

[0044] After the two temperature sensors 203 on a certain detection unit 202 detect an abnormal temperature of the power equipment, the bottom rod 101 can be reset to a position away from the power equipment. Then, the rotating seat 201 is rotated 60° counterclockwise again to rotate the next detection unit 202 to face the power equipment that was just detected as abnormal. The bottom rod 101 is then slid back to the detection unit 202 to press against the surface of the power equipment for a second measurement, thus further avoiding detection errors.

[0045] When the rotary table 201 rotates counterclockwise, the arc surfaces at the front ends of the multiple actuating plates 204 will contact the arc-shaped protrusions on the slider 501, causing the multiple actuating plates 204 to successively overcome the pressure of the compression spring and subsequently slide adaptively on the rotary table 201. This allows the multiple actuating plates 204 to smoothly pass the position of the slider 501. If the detection result is still abnormal, the rotary table 201 can be rotated clockwise. At this time, the flat surface of the actuating plate 204 without arc-shaped protrusions will contact the flat surface behind the arc-shaped protrusions on the slider 501, thereby causing... Two flat surfaces are put together, and then as the rotating base 201 continues to rotate, the actuating plate 204 will gradually move the slider 501, causing the slider 501 to slide along the arc-shaped groove, thereby moving the marking cotton 504 to a position that can contact the electrical equipment, thus leaving a mark on the electrical equipment for subsequent manual maintenance. The arc-shaped spring can press the slider 501 to reset synchronously after the marking cotton 504 has finished applying the mark and the rotating base 201 rotates back to its original position, ensuring that the slider 501 can be moved and slid multiple times.

[0046] The rotation of the rotary table 201 can simultaneously achieve the dual effects of ensuring accurate test results and leaving a mark on the power equipment. At the same time, the multiple toggle plates 204 are made of rubber, so that when the rotary table 201 rotates clockwise to reset and avoid wire entanglement, when a toggle plate 204 pushes the slider 501 to the limit of the compression spring deformation and can no longer push the slider 501 to slide, the toggle plate 204 can automatically deform due to the properties of rubber and then smoothly pass through the position of the slider 501 to reset.

[0047] See Figure 6 A schematic diagram of an embodiment according to the present invention further facilitating the application of the markings is shown.

[0048] It also includes a rotating roller 503 rotatably connected to the slider 501, a marking cotton 504 fixedly attached to the rotating roller 503, and a third motor on the slider 501 capable of driving the rotating roller 503 to rotate.

[0049] During the process of applying markings using the marking cotton 504, the operable roller 503 rotates continuously on the slider 501, thereby causing different positions of the marking cotton 504 to come into contact with the electrical equipment, thus ensuring that the marking cotton 504 can successfully complete the marking work.

[0050] See Figure 3-4 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the present invention that allows for automatic wiping of marks after manual maintenance. Further,

[0051] The contact arc plate 403 has two threaded holes.

[0052] An arc-shaped wiping cotton can be connected to the surface of the contact arc plate 403 by screwing bolts into the two threaded holes. After manual inspection and maintenance of the electrical equipment with abnormal temperature, the carrier can be moved to the marking position, and the bottom rod 101 can be operated to slide back and forth on the horizontal rod 104. The horizontal rod 104 can also slide left and right on the carrier, thereby completing the automatic wiping of the mark using the arc-shaped wiping cotton on the contact arc plate 403.

[0053] See Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention that facilitates the detection of the rotation status of the rotary seat 201 is shown. Further,

[0054] It also includes a transmission ring 301 fixed to the rotating base 201. The transmission ring 301 has multiple smooth protrusions 302. A slide bar 601 is slidably connected to the bottom rod 101. A mating block 602 is fixed to the slide bar 601. The mating block 602 can contact the transmission ring 301. A second tension spring is fixed between the bottom rod 101 and the slide bar 601. A displacement sensor II is fixed to the bottom rod 101. The moving end of the displacement sensor II is fixed to the slide bar 601 by a steel wire rope.

[0055] During the intermittent rotation of the rotary table 201 and the subsequent testing of multiple electrical devices, the multiple smooth protrusions 302 on the transmission ring 301 will sequentially contact the mating block 602, causing the mating block 602 to gradually drive the slide bar 601 to slide against the tension of the second tension spring. As a result, during the testing process, the slide bar 601 can slide continuously with the intermittent rotation of the rotary table 201. The displacement sensor II can then assist in detecting the operation of the rotary table 201, ensuring that if a fault occurs that prevents the rotary table 201 from rotating normally, the staff can quickly detect it and carry out timely repairs.

[0056] See Figure 8 A schematic diagram of an embodiment further facilitating the detection of the operating status of the transducer 201 is shown.

[0057] It also includes a striking plate 102 fixed to the base rod 101, and a striking head 603 fixed to the slide bar 601, which can contact the striking plate 102.

[0058] The striking head 603 and the striking plate 102 are designed so that the striking head 603 can continuously collide with the striking plate 102 during the sliding of the slider 601, and thus continuously make a sound. This allows the operator to determine whether the rotary table 201 is working properly by observing the intermittent striking sound near the working range without having to frequently look at the display that transmits signals from the displacement sensor II, thus providing greater convenience for the operator.

[0059] The method for detecting temperature in a power equipment includes the following steps.

[0060] Step 1: Connect the transverse rod 104 to the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods, and connect the two electric push rods to a wheeled chassis vehicle;

[0061] Step 2: Move the wheeled chassis vehicle along the multiple parallel rows of electrical equipment;

[0062] Step 3: After the wheeled chassis vehicle moves to the last electrical device among the multiple side-by-side electrical devices, the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods are slid, so that the contact arc plate 403 gradually comes into contact with the electrical device.

[0063] Step 4: The operating base rod 101 slides on the transverse rod 104, thereby causing the contact arc plate 403 to be in close contact with the surface of the power equipment and slide back and forth;

[0064] Step 5: Continue to slide the horizontal lever 104 to the left, so that two temperature sensors 203 on one of the multiple rotating seats 201 are in close contact with the flat surface of the power equipment.

[0065] Step 6: When the temperature measurement result is normal, reset both the bottom rod 101 and the transverse rod 104, move the wheeled chassis carrier to the next power equipment, and operate the turntable 201 to rotate 60 degrees counterclockwise.

[0066] Step 7: When the temperature measurement result is abnormal, slide the horizontal bar 104 to the right to reset the bottom bar 101 to a position away from the power equipment, operate the rotating base 201 to rotate 60° counterclockwise, and then slide the horizontal bar 104 again to make the two temperature sensors 203 on the new detection unit 202 perform temperature measurement again.

[0067] Step 8: If the temperature measurement result is still abnormal, rotate the rotary table 201 clockwise to slide the slider 501, and then attach the marking cotton 504 to the surface of the electrical equipment with abnormal temperature to make a mark.

Claims

1. A temperature detection device for power equipment, characterized in that, The device includes a base rod (101), a slide rod (401) slidably connected to the base rod (101), a connecting rod (402) slidably connected to the slide rod (401), a contact arc plate (403) fixedly connected to the connecting rod (402), a first cylindrical rod (404) fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting rod (402), a second cylindrical rod (405) fixedly connected to the base rod (101), one end of a hinge rod (406) hinged to the second cylindrical rod (405), the other end of a hinge rod (406) hinged to the first cylindrical rod (404), a first tension spring fixedly connected between the base rod (101) and the slide rod (401), a rotating seat (201) rotatably connected to the base rod (101), and multiple detection parts (202) fixedly connected to the rotating seat (201), each detection part (202) being equipped with a temperature sensor (203). A displacement sensor I is fixedly connected to the bottom rod (101), and the moving end of the displacement sensor I is fixedly connected to the slide rod (401) by a steel wire rope. It also includes a horizontal rod (104), on which a bottom rod (101) is slidably connected. The bottom rod (101) moves left and right, so that the contact arc plate (403) gradually abuts against the power equipment. The bottom rod (101) is operated to slide along the horizontal rod (104) in the front and back direction, so that the contact arc plate (403) slides back and forth on the power equipment. The information obtained by displacement sensor I enables the front end of the contact arc plate (403) to measure the flatness of the power equipment surface, and thus determine a flat plane on the power equipment. After the contact arc plate (403) is used to measure a flat plane on the power equipment, the bottom rod (101) continues to slide to the left, so that the contact arc plate (403) gradually moves downward on the power equipment and gradually shifts away from the detection part (202) in vertical height, so that two temperature sensors (203) on one of the multiple detection parts on the turntable (201) are in close contact with the flat surface of the power equipment.

2. The temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the detection units (202) is provided with two temperature sensors (203).

3. The temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a fixed seat (502) fixed to the base rod (101), a rotating seat (201) is rotatably connected to the fixed seat (502), a marking cotton (504) is connected to the fixed seat (502), and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the fixed seat (502), the marking cotton (504) can move along the arc-shaped groove.

4. The temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a slider (501) that is slidably connected in an arc-shaped groove, a marker cotton (504) connected to the slider (501), a plurality of actuating plates (204) that are slidably connected to the rotating seat (201), each actuating plate (204) and the rotating seat (201) are fixedly connected with a compression spring, each actuating plate (204) has an arc surface at the front end, the slider (501) has an arc protrusion, and an arc spring is fixedly connected between the slider (501) and the arc-shaped groove. The plurality of actuating plates (204) are all made of rubber.

5. A temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a rotating roller (503) rotatably connected to the slider (501), and a marking cotton (504) is fixedly attached to the rotating roller (503).

6. The temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The contact arc plate (403) has two threaded holes.

7. The temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a transmission ring (301) fixed on the rotating base (201), the transmission ring (301) is provided with multiple smooth protrusions (302), a slide bar (601) is slidably connected to the bottom rod (101), a mating block (602) is fixed on the slide bar (601), the mating block (602) can contact the transmission ring (301), and a second tension spring is fixed between the bottom rod (101) and the slide bar (601).

8. A temperature detection device for power equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a striking plate (102) fixed to the base rod (101), and a striking head (603) fixed to the slide bar (601), which can contact the striking plate (102).

9. A detection method for a temperature detection device for power equipment according to any one of claims 4-8, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the transverse rod (104) to the telescopic rod of the two electric push rods, and connect the two electric push rods to a wheeled chassis vehicle; Step 2: Move the wheeled chassis vehicle along the multiple parallel rows of electrical equipment; Step 3: After the wheeled chassis vehicle moves to the last electrical device among the multiple side-by-side electrical devices, the telescopic rods of the two electric push rods are slid, so that the contact arc plate (403) gradually abuts against the electrical device. Step 4: The operating base rod (101) slides on the transverse rod (104), thereby causing the contact arc plate (403) to adhere tightly to the surface of the power equipment and slide back and forth; Step 5: The operating rod (101) continues to slide to the left, thereby causing two temperature sensors (203) on one of the multiple rotating seats (201) to be in close contact with the flat surface of the power equipment; Step 6: When the temperature measurement result is normal, reset both the bottom rod (101) and the transverse rod (104), move the wheeled chassis carrier to the next power equipment, and operate the turntable (201) to rotate 60 degrees counterclockwise; Step 7: When the temperature measurement result is abnormal, slide the horizontal bar (104) to the right, so that the bottom bar (101) is reset to a position away from the power equipment. Operate the rotating seat (201) to rotate 60° counterclockwise. Then slide the horizontal bar (104) again to make the two temperature sensors (203) on the new detection part (202) measure the temperature again. Step 8: When the temperature measurement result is still abnormal, rotate the turntable (201) clockwise to slide the slider (501) and attach the marking cotton (504) to the surface of the electrical equipment with abnormal temperature to make a mark.

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