Efficient Quality Control Method for Full-Node Seismic Acquisition Data Based on Sparse Node Data

Abstract

The present invention provides an efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data, including: Step 1, determining the positions of spatial sparse sampling points for the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area; Step 2, deploying intelligent node instruments at the determined positions of spatial sparse sampling points; Step 3, obtaining the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling points; Step 4, extracting the active-source seismic data from the seismic data recorded by the node instruments in full time and forming a common geophone point gather; Step 5, performing quality analysis of the seismic acquisition data with the geophone point gather as the input; Step 6, outputting the quality and monitoring attributes of the seismic data recorded by the common shot point. Based on the seismic data efficiently recovered from a very small number of sparse sampling intelligent nodes, this method realizes timely and efficient quality control of the single-shot quality of all full-node acquisitions, and solves the "blind acquisition" problem caused by the inability to timely quality control the seismic data acquired by the cableless nodes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration acquisition data quality control and forward processing, and particularly to an efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data. Background Art

[0002] The cableless node seismic signal acquisition device (cableless node instrument) is a node instrument that integrates a geophone and a acquisition and storage instrument. It has the advantages of being small, light, and flexible in layout, and can save many complicated links in traditional cable acquisition. The construction is fast and the efficiency is extremely high. The cableless node acquisition method is full-time acquisition and self-acquisition and self-storage, that is, the node instrument is started before excitation, and the geophone receives seismic signals passively all the time and stores them in the node instrument in real time. The node instrument saves the recording time of the real-time acquisition data through GPS timing, eliminating the need for manual synchronization operation. Therefore, compared with traditional cable acquisition, in the entire construction process of the cableless node seismic acquisition method, the preparation and layout time of the acquisition instrument is short, the restricted factors are few, the labor intensity is low, and the construction efficiency is high. It is a revolutionary development of the field seismic data acquisition technology.

[0003] At present, the cableless node seismic acquisition technology has been applied in oil and gas exploration and production processes such as high-density seismic acquisition in complex surface areas, real-time monitoring of microseismicity during reservoir fracturing, and active and passive seismic monitoring of reservoir development dynamics, and shows unique advantages different from traditional cable acquisition. However, the full-time acquisition and self-acquisition and self-storage seismic data recording method of cableless acquisition, and its data format and data scale characteristics are essentially different from the time-sharing acquisition and self-acquisition and common storage of cable acquisition. Especially under the current full-node high-density seismic acquisition method, the processes of recovering, cutting, and synthesizing massive seismic acquisition data are cumbersome and time-consuming, making the synthesis of single-shot seismic data required by traditional quality control methods seriously lag behind field acquisition. Therefore, it becomes meaningless to use efficient quality control of seismic acquisition data to supervise and monitor the seismic acquisition process, and it is difficult to guarantee the quality of field acquisition data and the success rate of subsequent seismic exploration. At present, some field construction site monitoring methods for cableless node seismic acquisition data proposed in the industry mainly check the operating status of the node seismograph, and fail to achieve timely and effective quality analysis and quality monitoring of the data acquired by the node seismograph, bringing unpredictable risk hazards to subsequent seismic data processing and seismic exploration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to form an efficient quality control method for high-density full-node cableless seismic acquisition data to solve the "blind acquisition" problem caused by the inability to timely quality control cableless node seismic acquisition data.

[0004] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN 202011156210.1, it involves a working state acquisition system for a submarine seismic node acquisition station and its working method. The radio frequency identification system of the acquisition system is connected to the submarine seismic node acquisition station in the air, generates a working state reading instruction for the submarine seismic node acquisition station, and sends it to the submarine seismic node acquisition station; the acoustic host system is connected to the submarine seismic node acquisition station in the water, generates a working state reading instruction for the submarine seismic node acquisition station, and sends it to the submarine seismic node acquisition station; the submarine seismic node acquisition station receives the working state reading instruction for the submarine seismic node acquisition station sent by the radio frequency identification system, obtains the working state of the submarine seismic node acquisition station, and sends it to the radio frequency identification system. It realizes the efficient acquisition of the working state of the submarine seismic node acquisition station.

[0005] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN 202011202595.0, it involves a quality monitoring method and device for collecting seismic data. Before the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array rolls, the excitation signal and external noise during the seismic data acquisition by the node instrument are monitored using a two-dimensional survey line; during the rolling process of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array, the node quality control QC data of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system is used to monitor the working state of the node equipment of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; during the rolling process of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array, the common receiver point gather seismic data is used to monitor the source excitation signal during the acquisition of the three-dimensional seismic node acquisition system; during the rolling process of the three-dimensional seismic acquisition array, the common shot point seismic data is used to monitor the external noise and the integrity of the collected seismic data.

[0006] In the Chinese patent application with the application number: CN 202011473037.8, it involves a single-shot quality monitoring method for a wireless node instrument seismic data acquisition system. First, the node instrument stores the data quality information during the acquisition process in the form of time nodes in the SD card. Then, the GPS time of the excitation pulse is obtained by reading the shotlog file, and this is used as the zero time T0 for the wired device to record data. Each trace header of the Seg-D record file is traversed. The qclog file of the corresponding node station of the trace is found through the layout result and the observation system file. The content of the qclog file is scanned, and the nearest node station status information and daily inspection information before the T0 data are found, and whether each index is normal is judged and recorded. After the synthesis is completed, the single-shot quality monitoring file is saved.

[0007] The above existing technologies are all quite different from the present invention and fail to solve the technical problems we want to solve. Therefore, we have invented a new efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide an efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data, which solves the problems of difficult and timely and efficient quality control of data acquisition by high-density cable-free full nodes.

[0009] The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: an efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data, the efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data includes:

[0010] Step 1, for the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area, determine the positions of spatial sparse sampling points;

[0011] Step 2, deploy intelligent node instruments at the determined positions of spatial sparse sampling points;

[0012] Step 3, obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling points;

[0013] Step 4, extract the active-source seismic data from the seismic data recorded by the node instruments in full time and form a common geophone point gather;

[0014] Step 5, perform quality analysis of the seismic acquisition data with the geophone point gather as the input;

[0015] Step 6, output the quality and monitoring attributes of the seismic data of the common shot record.

[0016] The object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:

[0017] In Step 1, determine the spacing of the sparse sampling nodes based on integer multiples of the receiver line spacing and receiver point spacing designed in the acquisition observation system; according to the density of the full-node acquisition layout positions, perform sparse sampling along the receiver line and receiver point directions respectively in integer multiples of 10 or 100 to determine the positions of the quality control nodes.

[0018] In Step 1, for key attention areas such as fixed interference source areas and special surface areas with known spatial distribution characteristics, increase the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control.

[0019] In Step 1, for special weather acquisition periods such as strong winds, rain, snow, hail, etc. that have time distribution characteristics and affect the quality of seismic data, increase the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control.

[0020] In Step 2, the intelligent node instruments deployed at the positions of the sparse sampling points have a function of real-time data transmission based on 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies, and support obtaining the seismic data recorded by the intelligent node instruments at the fastest speed at the field acquisition site.

[0021] In step 2, during the whole process of field acquisition construction, ensure that intelligent nodal geophones in normal operation are always deployed at the positions of sparse sampling points; according to the operating status indicators such as the battery endurance and remaining storage space of the nodal geophones, replace the intelligent nodal geophones that can operate normally in a timely manner.

[0022] In step 3, in the area where the intelligent nodal geophones are supported to transmit the acquired data in real time, utilize the wireless transmission technology supported by this area to achieve the automatic transmission of the seismic data recorded by the intelligent nodal geophones all the time.

[0023] In step 3, for special construction areas such as deserts, gobi, and jungles where 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies cannot be effectively used, according to the need for quality control timeliness of the acquired data, manually recover the seismic data recorded by the nodal geophones at the positions of spatial sparse sampling points all the time in a timely manner.

[0024] In step 4, for the seismic data recorded all the time obtained from a single nodal geophone, by virtue of the advantage that the nodal geophone continuously records the seismic data excited at different shot point positions and different moments at the same receiver position, establish the time and spatial relationship indexes of the active source excitation and reception in the field construction, and efficiently cut and synthesize the common receiver gather.

[0025] In step 5, different from the method of using shot gathers commonly adopted in the field seismic acquisition process as input data for single-shot quality analysis and monitoring, combined with the advantages of the formed common receiver gather, use the common receiver gather as input data for seismic acquisition single-shot quality analysis to achieve the quality monitoring of the seismic data excited by all shot points.

[0026] In step 6, output the quality and monitoring attributes of the common shot point record data, including the quality and monitoring attributes of the acquired data such as linear dynamic correction, abnormal measurement of shot-receiver position, background noise intensity of the work area, seismic reflection energy intensity, main frequency, frequency bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and abnormal GPS timing of the nodal geophone.

[0027] The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data in the present invention is as follows. First, for the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area, determine the positions of spatially sparse sampling points; deploy intelligent node instruments at the determined sparse sampling point positions; obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the sparse sampling points; extract the active-source seismic data from the full-time recorded seismic data of the node instruments and form a common geophone point gather; use the geophone point gather as the input for the quality analysis of seismic acquisition data; output the quality and monitoring attributes of the common shot point recorded seismic data. Based on the seismic data efficiently recovered from a very small number of sparse sampling intelligent nodes, the present invention realizes the timely and efficient quality control of the single-shot quality of all full-node acquisitions, and solves the "blind acquisition" problem caused by the inability to timely quality control the seismic data acquired by cableless nodes. The present invention forms a method for efficiently and conveniently realizing the quality control of high-density full-node cableless seismic acquisition data, realizes the timely and efficient quality control of the single-shot quality of all full-node acquisitions, and solves the "blind acquisition" problem caused by the inability to timely quality control the seismic data acquired by cableless nodes.

[0028] An efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data in the present invention, especially in the current situation where intelligent nodes are relatively expensive, only requires sparsely deploying several 4G or 5G intelligent node instruments that can be transmitted in real time across the entire work area. Through the data transmitted in real time by the sparsely sampled intelligent node instruments, the rapid quality control of the single-shot quality of all construction operations can be realized, achieving the construction purpose of low cost and high return. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the layout positions of full nodes and sparse sampling quality control nodes in the acquisition work area in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a planar distribution diagram of sparse quality control nodes and their corresponding shot points for a certain full-node acquisition work area in Shengli Oilfield in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a common geophone point gather cut and synthesized based on the data transmitted back by a certain intelligent node instrument in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the abnormal amplitude takeoff and GPS timing anomaly of the quality control node instrument in the linear moveout correction result of the data extracted based on sparse nodes in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6It is the seismic data reflection energy intensity distribution attribute map for extracting data based on sparse nodes in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 It is the seismic data background noise intensity distribution attribute map for extracting data based on sparse nodes in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is the seismic data signal-to-noise ratio distribution attribute map for extracting data based on sparse nodes in the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further illustration of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or combinations thereof.

[0039] An efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data of the present invention. First, for the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area, determine the positions of spatial sparse sampling points; deploy intelligent node instruments at the determined sparse sampling point positions; obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the sparse sampling points; extract the active source seismic data from the full-time recorded seismic data of the node instruments and form a common geophone point gather; use the geophone point gather as the input for quality analysis of the seismic acquisition data; output the quality and monitoring attributes of the seismic data of the common shot point record. The present invention realizes timely and efficient quality control of the single-shot quality of all full-node acquisitions based on the seismic data efficiently recovered from a very small number of sparse intelligent nodes, and solves the "blind acquisition" problem caused by the inability to timely quality control the seismic data acquired by cableless nodes.

[0040] The following are several specific embodiments of applying the present invention.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] In a specific embodiment 1 of applying the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, Figure 1 It is the flow chart of the efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data of the present invention. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data includes the following steps:

[0043] In step 101, for the full-node layout positions designed in the acquisition work area,

[0044] When determining the spatial sparse sampling positions of the quality control nodes in the acquisition work area, the spacing of the sparse sampling nodes is determined by an integer multiple of the receiver line spacing and receiver point spacing designed in the seismic acquisition observation system. According to the density of the full-node acquisition layout positions, sparse sampling of the quality control nodes is carried out along the receiver line and receiver point directions respectively in integer multiples of 10 or 100 to determine the spatial sparse sampling point positions.

[0045] For key areas of concern such as fixed interference source areas and special surface areas with known spatial distribution characteristics, the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control can be appropriately increased.

[0046] For special weather acquisition periods that affect the quality of seismic data, such as strong winds, rain, snow, and hail with time distribution characteristics, the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control can be appropriately increased.

[0047] In step 102, intelligent node instruments are deployed at the determined spatial sparse sampling point positions;

[0048] The intelligent node instruments deployed at the sparse sampling point positions have the function of real-time data transmission based on 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies, and support the fastest acquisition of seismic data recorded by the intelligent node instruments at the field acquisition site.

[0049] During the whole process of field acquisition construction, ensure that there are always normally operating intelligent node instruments deployed at the sparse sampling point positions. According to the operating status of the node instrument, such as battery life and storage space, replace the normally operating intelligent node instruments in a timely manner.

[0050] In step 103, obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling points;

[0051] In areas that support the real-time transmission of acquisition data by intelligent node instruments, use the wireless transmission technology supported by the area to achieve the automatic transmission of the full-time recorded seismic data of the intelligent node instruments.

[0052] For special construction areas such as deserts, gobi, and jungles where 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies cannot be effectively used, according to the need for the timeliness of acquisition data quality control, manually recover the full-time recorded seismic data of the node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling point positions in a timely manner.

[0053] In step 104, extract the active-source seismic data from the seismic data recorded full-time by the node instruments and form a common geophone point gather;

[0054] For the full-time recorded seismic data obtained from a single nodal seismograph, by taking advantage of the fact that the nodal seismograph continuously records seismic data excited at different shot point positions and at different times at the same receiver point position, an index of the time and spatial relationships between the active source excitation and reception in the field construction is established, and the common receiver gather is efficiently cut and synthesized.

[0055] In step 105, the quality analysis of seismic acquisition data is carried out with the receiver gather as the input.

[0056] Different from the method of using the shot gather as the input data in the usual field seismic acquisition process for the quality analysis and monitoring of single-shot quality, and by taking advantage of the efficient formation of the common receiver gather in step 4, the quality analysis of seismic acquisition data in the shot domain is carried out with the common receiver gather as the input data, so as to realize the quality monitoring of the seismic data excited by all shot points.

[0057] In step 106, the quality and monitoring attributes of the common shot record data, that is, the single-shot data, are output, including the attributes such as linear dynamic correction, abnormal measurement of the shot-receiver position, background noise intensity in the work area, seismic reflection energy intensity, main frequency, frequency bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and abnormal GPS time synchronization of the nodal seismograph in the acquisition data quality and monitoring.

[0058] Embodiment 2

[0059] In a specific embodiment 2 of applying the present invention, the efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data includes the following steps:

[0060] In step 1, for the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area, the positions of spatially sparse sampling points are determined.

[0061] When determining the spatially sparse sampling positions of the quality control nodes in the acquisition work area, the spacing of the sparse sampling nodes is determined by an integer multiple of the designed receiver line spacing and receiver point spacing in the seismic acquisition observation system. According to the density of the full-node acquisition layout positions, sparse sampling of the quality control nodes is carried out along the receiver line and receiver point directions respectively in integer multiples of 10 or 100. As Figure 2 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the layout positions of the full nodes and the sparse sampling quality control nodes in the acquisition work area in Embodiment 1.

[0062] For key areas of concern such as fixed interference source areas and special surface areas with known spatial distribution characteristics, the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control can be appropriately increased. As Figure 2 shown, to meet the need for enhanced monitoring of the noise interference intensity of vehicles driving on the road, the sampling density of the quality control nodes around the road is appropriately increased.

[0063] For special weather acquisition periods that affect the quality of seismic data, such as strong winds, rain, snow, hail, etc., which have time distribution characteristics, the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control can be appropriately increased.

[0064] Figure 3 It is a plan view distribution map of sparse quality control nodes and their corresponding shot points in an actual work area of full-node seismic acquisition. In this embodiment, 48 quality control nodes are used to achieve quality control of data from more than 5,000 shot points.

[0065] In step 2, deploy intelligent node instruments at the determined spatial sparse sampling point positions;

[0066] The intelligent node instruments deployed at the sparse sampling point positions have the function of real-time data transmission based on 4G network, 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies, and support obtaining seismic data recorded by the intelligent node instruments at the fastest speed at the field acquisition site.

[0067] During the whole process of field acquisition construction, ensure that intelligent node instruments in normal operation are always deployed at the sparse sampling point positions. According to the operating states such as the battery life and storage space of the node instruments, replace the intelligent node instruments that can operate normally in a timely manner.

[0068] In step 3, obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling points.

[0069] In the area that supports the real-time data transmission of the intelligent node instruments for the acquired data, realize the automatic data transmission of the full-time recorded seismic data of the intelligent node instruments by means of the wireless transmission technology supported by this area;

[0070] For special construction areas such as deserts, gobi, and jungles where 4G network, 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies cannot be effectively used, according to the quality control time limit requirements of the acquired data, manually recover the full-time recorded seismic data of the node instruments at the spatial sparse sampling point positions in a timely manner.

[0071] In step 4, for the full-time recorded seismic data obtained from a single node instrument, by virtue of the advantage that the node instrument continuously records seismic data excited at different shot point positions and different times at the same receiving point position, establish the time and spatial relationship index of active source excitation and reception in field construction, and efficiently cut and synthesize common receiver gathers. As Figure 4 shown, it is the common receiver gather cut and synthesized based on the data transmitted back by an intelligent node instrument in an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, each seismic data corresponds to a shot point.

[0072] In step 5, using the receiver gather as shown in Figure 4 as the input, conduct quality attribute analysis of common shot point seismic acquisition data;

[0073] Different from the method of using shot gathers commonly adopted in the field seismic acquisition process as input data for single-shot quality analysis and monitoring, and in combination with the advantage of efficiently forming common receiver gather in step 104, the quality analysis of seismic acquisition data is carried out with the cut and synthesized common receiver gather as the input data, so as to realize the quality monitoring of seismic data excited by all shot points.

[0074] In step 6, the quality and monitoring attributes of the common shot record data, that is, single-shot data, are output, including linear moveout, abnormal measurement of shot-receiver positions, background noise intensity in the work area, seismic reflection energy intensity, main frequency, frequency bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and abnormal GPS timing of nodal instruments, etc., which are the quality and monitoring attributes of the acquisition data.

[0075] Embodiment 3

[0076] In a specific Embodiment 3 of applying the present invention, as Figure 5 shown in the embodiment of the present invention is the linear moveout result of data extracted based on sparse nodes. There is an obvious phenomenon of premature amplitude jump in each trace indicated by the arrow in the figure. In the acquisition of cableless nodes, the main factor causing this phenomenon is the abnormal GPS timing of nodal instruments.

[0077] As Figure 6 shown, is the distribution attribute of the seismic data reflection energy intensity extracted based on sparse nodes in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the excitation energy intensity is weak around reservoirs, paddy fields, river channels and industrial parks.

[0078] As Figure 7 shown, is the distribution attribute of the background noise intensity of seismic data extracted based on sparse nodes in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the background noise intensity is mainly distributed below 0.001, and is overall lower than the intensity of the seismic reflection energy as Figure 6 shown.

[0079] As Figure 8 shown, is the distribution attribute of the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data extracted based on sparse nodes in the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively high on both the north and south sides of the work area, and is relatively low in the middle of the work area affected by factors such as industrial parks.

[0080] An efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data. Aiming at the pain point problem in high-density, full-node cableless seismic acquisition that the cutting and synthesis of the overall seismic data are slow, resulting in a serious lag in the quality control of full-node data compared to seismic acquisition, it adopts real-time transmission of sparse sampling node seismic data, efficient extraction of common geophone point gathers, and quality analysis and monitoring of shot-domain seismic data with the geophone point gather as the input, achieving rapid quality control of the quality of all construction single shots. While realizing the same efficiency of quality control analysis of data as that of cable seismic acquisition, it breaks the "blind acquisition" problem of full-node cableless seismic acquisition. Determine the positions of sparse sampling nodes according to the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area and deploy intelligent node instruments, obtain the seismic data recorded by the intelligent node instruments at the sparse sampling points, extract the active source seismic data from them and form common geophone point gathers, conduct quality analysis of seismic acquisition data with the geophone point gather as the input, and output the quality and monitoring attributes of the seismic data recorded by common shot points, realizing efficient quality control of single shots in full-node acquisition.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0082] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the rest are the known technologies of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data, characterized in that The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data includes: Step 1: Determine the positions of spatially sparse sampling points according to the designed full-node layout positions in the acquisition work area. Step 2: Install intelligent node instruments at the determined positions of spatially sparse sampling points. Step 3: Obtain the full-time recorded seismic data received by the intelligent node instruments at the spatially sparse sampling points. Step 4: Extract the active-source seismic data from the seismic data recorded by the node instruments in full time and form a common geophone gather. Step 5: Conduct quality analysis of the seismic acquisition data with the geophone gather as the input. Step 6: Output the quality and monitoring attributes of the seismic data of the common shot gather. When determining the spatially sparse sampling positions of the quality control nodes in the acquisition work area, determine the spacing of the sparse sampling nodes based on integer multiples of the receiver line interval and receiver point interval designed in the seismic acquisition observation system; according to the density of the full-node acquisition layout positions, conduct sparse sampling of the quality control nodes along the receiver line and receiver point directions respectively in integer multiples of 10 or 100 to determine the positions of spatially sparse sampling points.

2. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, wherein In Step 1, for key areas of concern such as fixed interference source areas and special surface areas with known spatial distribution characteristics, increase the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control.

3. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 1, for special weather acquisition periods such as strong wind, rain, snow, and hail with time distribution characteristics that affect the quality of seismic data, increase the distribution density of the sparse sampling points required for quality control.

4. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, the intelligent node instruments installed at the sparse sampling point positions have the function of real-time data transmission based on 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies, supporting the fastest acquisition of the seismic data recorded by the intelligent node instruments at the field acquisition site.

5. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 4, characterized in that, In Step 2, during the whole process of field acquisition construction, ensure that there are always normally operating intelligent node instruments installed at the sparse sampling point positions; according to the operating status indicators such as the battery endurance and remaining storage space of the node instruments, replace the normally operating intelligent node instruments in a timely manner.

6. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 3, in areas that support the real-time transmission of the acquired data by the intelligent node instruments, use the wireless transmission technology available in this area to achieve the automatic transmission of the full-time recorded seismic data of the intelligent node instruments.

7. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 6, wherein In Step 3, for special construction areas such as deserts, gobi, and jungles where 4G network or 5G network or other wireless transmission technologies cannot be effectively used, according to the time requirement for quality control of the acquired data, manually recover the full-time recorded seismic data of the node instruments at the positions of spatially sparse sampling points in a timely manner.

8. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, wherein In Step 4, for the full-time recorded seismic data obtained from a single node instrument, by virtue of the advantage that the node instrument continuously records the seismic data excited at different shot point positions and different times at the same receiver point position, establish the time and spatial relationship index of the active-source excitation and reception in the field construction, and efficiently cut and synthesize the common geophone gather.

9. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 8, wherein In step 5, different from the method of using shot gathers commonly adopted in the field seismic acquisition process as input data for single-shot quality analysis and monitoring, by combining the advantages of the formed common receiver gather, the quality analysis of seismic acquisition single shots is carried out with the common receiver gather as the input data, so as to realize the quality monitoring of the seismic data excited by all shot points.

10. The efficient quality control method for full-node seismic acquisition data based on sparse node data according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the quality and monitoring attributes of the common shot record data are output, including these acquisition data quality and monitoring attributes such as linear dynamic correction, abnormal measurement of shot-receiver position, background noise intensity of the work area, seismic reflection energy intensity, main frequency, frequency bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and abnormal GPS timing of the nodal instrument.

Images