Encoding methods, devices and readable storage media

Abstract

This application discloses an encoding method, device, and readable storage medium, belonging to the field of communication technology. The method includes: an encoding end encoding the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by using DSTBC encoding method, NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna of the previous two symbol periods; the encoding end determining the transmitted symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the previous two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to an encoding method, device, and readable storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional codebooks, including Alamouti codes, such as Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code (OSTBC), can achieve full diversity gain and full data rate. However, they are designed for traditional active radio frequency communication and do not take into account the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals such as backscatter communication. At the same time, they require the decoder to know the channel state information (CSI) between all transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0003] Traditional differential space-time block codes are only applicable to constant-mode modulations such as Multiple Phase Shift Keying (MPSK). For non-constant-mode modulations such as Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (APSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), the encoding and decoding methods of traditional differential space-time block codes cannot be directly applied because the energies of the constellation symbols are different.

[0004] There is an urgent need for an encoding method that does not require the decoder to know all the CSIs between the transmitting and receiving antennas, reduces the system implementation complexity, and is applicable to differential space-time block codes with non-constant mode modulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an encoding method, device, and readable storage medium that can solve the problem that the decoding end cannot reduce the system implementation complexity without knowing the CSI between all transmitting antennas and receiving antennas, and is applicable to non-constant mode modulation.

[0006] Firstly, an encoding method is provided, including:

[0007] The encoding end uses differential space-time block coding (DSTBC) encoding method, new space-time block coding (NSTBC) codebook and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antenna of the previous two symbol periods to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period. The previous two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0008] The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period based on the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0009] Secondly, an encoding device is provided, comprising:

[0010] The differential coding module is used by the encoding end to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by using the differential space-time block code (DSTBC) encoding method, the novel space-time block code (NSTBC) codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. The previous two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0011] The NSTBC encoding module is used by the encoding end to determine the transmission symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0012] Thirdly, an encoding end is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0013] Fourthly, an encoding end is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is used by the encoding end to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods.

[0014] The encoding end determines the transmission symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0015] Fifthly, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect.

[0016] In a sixth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being used to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect.

[0017] In a seventh aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, the computer program / program product being stored in a storage medium, the computer program / program product being executed by at least one processor to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0018] In this embodiment, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using DSTBC encoding, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. Simultaneously, the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoder nor decoder needs to know the CSI, meaning no pilot signal needs to be transmitted on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. The sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods is used when calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, making it applicable to non-constant mode modulation. Meanwhile, the NSTBC codebook, while maintaining diversity gain, reduces the number of load impedance types on the antennas, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of the backscatter communication transmitter.

[0020] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of Alamouti space-time block code diversity transmission;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the encoding method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the encoding device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the network-side device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0027] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0028] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), and other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to applications beyond NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0029] In this embodiment, the encoding end can be deployed on the transmitting device, such as a terminal or network-side device. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, vehicle-mounted device (VUE), pedestrian terminal (PUE), smart home (home devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game console, personal computer (PC), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal is not limited in the embodiments of this application. Network-side equipment may include access network equipment or core network equipment. Access network equipment may also be referred to as radio access network equipment, radio access network (RAN), radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment may include base stations, WLAN access points, or WiFi nodes, etc. Base stations may be referred to as Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), access point, base transceiver station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), home B node, home evolved B node, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The base station is not limited to specific technical terms. It should be noted that the embodiments of this application only use base stations in NR systems as examples for introduction and do not limit the specific type of base station.Core network equipment may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: core network node, core network function, Mobility Management Entity (MME), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), User Plane Function (UPF), Policy Control Function (PCF), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), Edge Application Server Discovery Function (EASDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Centralized network configuration (CNC), Network Repository Function (NRF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Local NEF (or L-NEF), and Binding Support. Core network functions (BSF), application functions (AF), etc. It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses core network equipment in the NR system as an example for description, and does not limit the specific type of core network equipment.

[0030] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the following will be introduced first:

[0031] Future 6G communication networks need to support massive Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, with the number of IoT devices reaching hundreds of billions. The connection density will be 10-100 times higher than 5G, reaching 10-100 devices / m². This massive number of IoT devices presents new challenges in terms of cost and power consumption. Cellular networking, low cost, low power consumption, and even zero-power passive operation are the main trends in the future development of IoT devices. Traditional passive terminals are limited by their power consumption and hardware capabilities, with communication transmission distances mostly below 10 meters, far from achieving the 100-meter coverage target of cellular networks. Therefore, effectively improving the communication distance of passive terminals is a key challenge that needs to be addressed after the technology is implemented in a cellular network.

[0032] Since backscatter communication (BSC) controls the amplitude or phase of a signal by changing the load impedance, and considering other non-ideal factors in the backscatter communication modulation circuit, the amplitude or phase of the output signal will inevitably have some error. However, as long as these signal errors are within a resolvable range, they have little impact on signal demodulation. Therefore, the fewer the number or types of load impedances that need to be controlled on the antenna, the greater the tolerable error and the lower the probability of false detection. Furthermore, due to the power consumption and capability limitations of backscatter communication equipment (BSC UE), in some cases it is undesirable to waste power and resources by transmitting pilot signals; that is, the decoding end should be able to complete signal demodulation without needing to know the CSI information.

[0033] Backscatter Communication (BSC)

[0034] Backscatter communication refers to the transmission of information by backscatter communication devices using radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment for signal modulation. Its modulation circuitry includes... Figure 1a As shown, backscatter communication devices control the reflection coefficient Γ of the circuit by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. The signal reflection coefficient can be characterized as:

[0035]

[0036] Where Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the antenna, Z1 is the load impedance, j represents a complex number, and θ T This represents the phase. Assume the incident signal is S. in (t), then the output signal is Therefore, by reasonably controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be achieved. Based on this, backscatter communication devices can be tags in traditional Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or passive / semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For convenience, they are collectively referred to here as BSC UE.

[0037] Constant mode modulation and nonconstant mode modulation

[0038] Typical modulation techniques can be divided into constant-mode modulation and non-constant-mode modulation. Constant-mode modulation means that the power or amplitude of the modulated symbol constellation points is the same; MPSK is a typical example of constant-mode modulation. Non-constant-mode modulation, on the other hand, means that the power or amplitude of the modulated symbol constellation points is not the same; typical non-constant-mode modulation techniques include APSK and QAM.

[0039] Because typical constant-mode modulation (MPSK) only distinguishes constellation points in the phase dimension, the Euclidean distance between constellation points is relatively small, making it susceptible to noise interference. In contrast, non-constant-mode modulations such as APSK or QAM extend the constellation points to a two-dimensional space of amplitude and phase, increasing the Euclidean distance between constellation points and thus providing stronger noise and interference immunity. Table 1 shows the SNR difference between MPSK and MQAM modulation at the same bandwidth efficiency or modulation order. As can be seen from the table, at a certain bit error rate (BER) performance, 64PSK requires an additional 9.95 dB SNR compared to 64QAM to achieve the same BER performance.

[0040] Table 1

[0041] Modulation order M (bits / channels) SNR increment 8(3) 1.65dB 16(4) 4.2dB 32(5) 7.02dB 64(6) 9.95dB

[0042] Orthogonal Space-Time Block Code (OSTBC)

[0043] Space-Time Block Code (STBC) is widely used in cellular communications and wireless local area networks. STBC achieves diversity gain and antenna gain without increasing bandwidth by introducing signal redundancy in the spatial and temporal domains and by constructing a reasonable block coding transmission matrix.

[0044] OSTBC is a special type of linear STBC whose linear space-time block code S satisfies the following single condition:

[0045]

[0046] Where I represents an identity matrix of dimension M, i represents the i-th element of the M-dimensional matrix, and s i These are diagonal elements. The element in the i-th row of S represents the symbol transmitted on the i-th transmitting antenna during M time intervals, and the element in the j-th column of S represents the symbol transmitted on the n-th transmitting antenna. t The symbol transmitted on the root antenna at time j. Each column of the transmission matrix S, satisfying the above formula, is mutually orthogonal. This means that the transmitted signal sequences on different antennas are also orthogonal, ensuring that the STBC can achieve full diversity gain simultaneously. The corresponding decoding end only needs to perform simple maximum ratio combining (MRC) to sequentially decouple the transmitted symbols on different antennas, and then use the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm for detection and estimation.

[0047] Alamouti codes are the most representative OSTCB codes and can achieve full diversity and full rate gain. For example... Figure 1b The diagram shows the principle of Alamouti codes. Within a given symbol period, two symbols are transmitted simultaneously on two antennas. Assume that in the current symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is denoted as s1, and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is denoted as s2. However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is... The symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is This results in the following space-time block code matrix:

[0048]

[0049] Suppose the channels from the two transmit antennas to the receive antenna are denoted as h1 and h2, respectively, and satisfy the time-invariant property within two adjacent symbol periods, that is:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Therefore, the received signal on the receiving antenna over two symbol periods is:

[0053] r1 = r(t) = h1s1 + h2s2 + n1;

[0054]

[0055] Where n1 and n2 represent received noise and signal interference. The decoding end performs combined reception according to the following criteria:

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] Substituting the received signals r1 and r2, we get:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Finally, the signals s1 and s2 can be estimated using the ML detector.

[0062] In addition to the typical Alamouti block code, the codebook of a typical two-antenna OSTBC code is shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2

[0064]

[0065] New Space-Time Block Code (NSTBC)

[0066] In recent years, with the deepening of research on backscatter communication, some researchers have proposed the concept of backscatter diversity and designed corresponding space-time block codes. These codes reduce the complexity of hardware implementation and the probability of detection errors by optimizing the codebook of traditional Alamouti codes.

[0067] Taking two-antenna transmit diversity as an example, where the codeword matrix S has a dimension of 2×2, its encoding structure is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] Based on the above coding structure, assuming that in the current symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is denoted as s1, and the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is denoted as s2... However, in the next symbol period, the symbol transmitted on antenna 1 is s2, while the symbol transmitted on antenna 2 is... According to the OSTBC codeword definition, S2 belongs to the OSTBC codeword category, and therefore can achieve full diversity gain and full-rate transmission. The following analysis examines the differences between this type of codeword and the traditional Alamouti code in backscatter communication.

[0070] Assuming transmission is based on BPSK modulation symbols, according to the backscatter communication mapping principle, the mapping rule between symbols 0 and 1 and the reflection coefficient is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] Symbols 0 and 1 are characterized by controlling two load impedances with reversed phases. Therefore, Table 5 shows the encoding table for diversity coding codeword S2 when transmitting different symbols simultaneously on both antennas. For comparison, Tables 3 and 4 also provide encoding tables for Alamouti codewords and extended Alamouti codewords when transmitting different symbols simultaneously on both antennas. The extended Alamouti codeword is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Table 3

[0075] 00 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 01 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> 10 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 11 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]>

[0076] Table 4

[0077] 00 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 01 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> 10 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 11 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]>

[0078] Table 5

[0079] 00 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 01 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> 10 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 11 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ|e -jθ ]]>

[0080] As shown in Table 3, based on the codebook designed using NSTBC, antenna 1 only requires two coefficients |Γ|e jθ and |Γ|e j (θ+π) Antenna 2 also only requires two coefficients |Γ|e -jθ and |Γ|e -j(θ+π) This means that only two load impedances are needed for each antenna. According to Table 4-5, based on the Alamouti codeword and the extended Alamouti codeword, antenna 1 and antenna 2 both require four coefficients |Γ|e. jθ ,|Γ|e j(θ+π) ,|Γ|e -jθ ,|Γ|e -j(θ+π) This means that each antenna requires four different load impedances. The same method can be extended to scenarios with four or more antennas.

[0081] Differential Space-Time Block Code (DSTBC)

[0082] For traditional OSTBC and NSTBC, the decoding end uses a coherent detection decoding scheme, thus requiring the transmitting antenna to provide accurate Channel State Information (CSI) from the receiving antenna. However, in high-speed mobile scenarios, scenarios with rapidly changing channel fading conditions, or scenarios where transmitting pilot signals is difficult due to power and cost limitations in backscatter communication, the decoding end struggles to perform accurate channel estimation, or the cost of accurate channel estimation is very high. In these situations, the decoding end cannot obtain the necessary CSI information. Differential space-time block coding is a scheme where neither the encoder nor the decoder needs to know the CSI information, the encoding and decoding are simple, and diversity gain can be achieved. The following explanation uses two-antenna transmission and single-antenna reception as examples.

[0083] At the transmitting encoding end, assuming the following symbols are transmitted according to the Alamouti scheme at the encoding ends of symbol period 1 and symbol period 2:

[0084]

[0085] The two transmitted signals s1 and s2 do not carry any information; they are merely reference signals. The encoding end then uses differential coding for transmission. Assume that in 2t-1 symbol periods, the symbols transmitted from the first and second antennas are s1 and s2, respectively. 2t-1 and s 2t Then, in 2t symbol periods, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are respectively and In 2t+1 symbol cycles, a set of 2m bits arrives at the encoding end, generating the corresponding encoding coefficient vector. The encoder uses the symbol vector sent in the previous two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector. Calculate the symbols transmitted in the current 2t+1 symbol period:

[0086]

[0087] Simultaneously, based on the Alamouti codebook, the transmitted symbols on the two antennas in the 2t+2th symbol period are calculated as follows: and Among them, the coding coefficient vector satisfy:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] The symbols are repeatedly encoded and sent according to the above encoding rules.

[0091] At the receiving and decoding end, assuming signal r2t-1 ,r 2t ,r 2t+1 ,r 2t+2 Received, the channel matrix is ​​defined as follows:

[0092]

[0093] The noise signal is:

[0094]

[0095] The received signal can then be represented as:

[0096]

[0097]

[0098] Therefore, we have:

[0099]

[0100] After merging, we get:

[0101]

[0102] For simplicity, the definition is as follows:

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Therefore, we can conclude that:

[0106]

[0107] Based on the previous mathematical derivation, we have:

[0108]

[0109] Therefore:

[0110]

[0111] in,

[0112] The signals at the four time points are processed as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Expanding, we get:

[0115]

[0116] For simplicity, the definition is as follows:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] We can obtain:

[0120]

[0121] Combining the previous mathematical derivations, we have:

[0122]

[0123] Since all coding coefficient vectors in the set ν of coding coefficient vectors have the same length and There is a one-to-one correspondence between the input symbol information and the receiver selects the decision and statistical signal vector. European style closest

[0124] Calculated Then, it is reverse-mapped back to the original symbol to recover the original bit.

[0125] Traditional OSTBC-type codebooks, including Alamouti, can achieve full diversity gain and full data rate, but they are designed for traditional active RF communication and do not take into account the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals such as backscatter communication. At the same time, the decoder is required to know the channel state information (CSI) between all transmitting and receiving antennas.

[0126] The proposed NSTBC codebook for backscatter communication reduces hardware implementation complexity and detection error probability by optimizing the traditional Alamouti codebook. However, this approach requires the decoder to know the CSI information between all transmit and receive antennas. While traditional Alamouti-based differential space-time block codes do not require knowledge of the CSI information between all transmit and receive antennas, they do not consider the modulation characteristics and implementation complexity of passive terminals such as backscatter communication.

[0127] Furthermore, traditional differential space-time block codes are only applicable to constant-mode modulation such as MPSK. For non-constant-mode modulation such as APSK and QAM, the encoding and decoding methods of traditional differential space-time block codes cannot be directly applied because the energy of each constellation symbol is different. However, considering the constellation shaping gain brought by non-constant-mode modulation compared to constant-mode modulation, as well as the difference in amplitude modulation and phase modulation capabilities in backscatter communication, it is necessary to solve the encoding and decoding problem of differential space-time block codes based on non-constant-mode modulation.

[0128] The coding method provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0129] See Figure 2 This application provides an encoding method, wherein the executing entity of the method is an encoding end, which can be a terminal device or a network-side device, and the method includes:

[0130] Step 201: The encoder uses the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmit antennas of the previous two symbol periods to encode the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period.

[0131] Step 202: The encoder determines the symbol to be transmitted in the next symbol period based on the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook.

[0132] The first two symbol periods mentioned above are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0133] In this embodiment, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using DSTBC encoding, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. Simultaneously, the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoder nor decoder needs to know the CSI, meaning no pilot signal needs to be transmitted on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. When calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods is used for normalization, making it applicable to non-constant mode modulation. Simultaneously, the NSTBC codebook, while maintaining diversity gain, reduces the number of load impedance types on the antennas, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors.

[0134] The encoding method provided in this application combines DSTBC encoding with NSTBC codebook and performs power normalization to calculate the symbol of the current symbol period, extracting the advantages of both. This eliminates the need to transmit pilot signals on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. It also enables applicability to non-constant mode modulation, achieving constellation shaping gain. Furthermore, by using NSTBC codebook, it reduces the number of load impedance types on the antenna while ensuring diversity gain, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors. This novel encoding method can be called non-constant mode differential NSTBC encoding.

[0135] In some specific implementations, the non-constant modulus differential NSTBC coding method of this application embodiment can be applied to two-antenna transmit diversity scenarios.

[0136] In some specific implementations, the transmission symbols of this application embodiment are constant mode modulation symbols or non-constant mode modulation symbols; wherein, constant mode modulation includes at least: BPSK modulation and multiple phase shift keying (MPSK); non-constant mode modulation includes at least: APSK modulation, that is, the modulation method used by the encoding end may include: binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and amplitude phase shift keying (APSK).

[0137] In some specific implementations, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block codes, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block codes, meaning that the two transmitting antennas can be spatially isolated or polarization-directed isolated.

[0138] The polarization modes include one or more of the following:

[0139] Horizontal polarization, vertical polarization, left-handed elliptical polarization, right-handed elliptical polarization, left-handed circular polarization, and right-handed circular polarization.

[0140] In some specific implementations, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0141] In this embodiment, the mapping relationship from (M,N)-APSK (using APSK as an example) to the NSTBC codebook is first designed, where M represents the amplitude order of APSK and N represents the phase type of APSK. The mapping is performed according to the following criteria:

[0142] 0→|Γ1|e jθ ;

[0143] 1→|Γ2|e jθ ;

[0144] The NSTBC codebook structure is as follows:

[0145]

[0146] Specifically, the two-antenna NSTBC codebook and the four-antenna NSTBC codebook are as follows:

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] The NSTBC and Alamouti coding tables based on APSK modulation are shown in Table 6 and Table 7, respectively. Table 6 is the two-antenna transmit diversity coding table for NSTBC based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 7 is the two-antenna transmit diversity coding table for Alamouti based on (2,1)-APSK modulation.

[0150] Table 6

[0151] 00 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 01 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -j(θ+π) ]]> 10 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 11 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -j(θ+π) ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -j(θ+π) ]]>

[0152] Table 7

[0153] 00 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 01 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -jθ ]]> 10 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 11 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 t <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ1|e jθ ]]> t <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ1|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -jθ ]]> t+T <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -j(θ+π) ]]> <![CDATA[|Γ2|e -jθ ]]>

[0154] Comparing the coding tables based on BPSK modulation in Table 3-5, Table 6-7 shows that some antennas have fewer phase types under APSK modulation. Taking the NSTBC codebook as an example, antenna 1 under APSK modulation only needs to support one phase, namely e. jθ Two amplitudes |Γ1|,|Γ2|; while antenna 1 under BPSK modulation needs to support two phases e jθ and e j(θ+π) One amplitude |Γ|. Similarly, antenna 2 under APSK modulation needs to support two phases e. -jθ and e -j(θ+π) Two amplitudes |Γ1|,|Γ2|; while antenna 2 under BPSK modulation needs to support two phases e -jθ and e -j(θ+π) For the Alamouti codebook, antennas 1 and 2 under APSK modulation need to support two amplitudes and two phases, while antennas 1 and 2 under BPSK modulation need to support one amplitude and four phases.

[0155] Therefore, compared to BPSK, APSK reduces the number of impedance matches supporting phase modulation for certain antennas by increasing the number of impedance matches supporting amplitude modulation. This is advantageous for backscatter communication where amplitude modulation capability is superior to phase modulation capability. Furthermore, comparing the NSTBC codebook and the Alamouti codebook under the same APSK modulation, antenna 1 in the NSTBC codebook only needs to support one phase, while antenna 1 in the Alamouti codebook needs to support two phases. Therefore, the NSTBC codebook can reduce the number of impedance matching types for phase modulation of antenna 1.

[0156] Similarly, the four-antenna transmit diversity coding tables for NSTBC and ABBA class based on APSK modulation are shown in Table 8 and Table 9, respectively. Table 8 is the four-antenna transmit diversity coding table for NSTBC based on (2,1)-APSK modulation, and Table 9 is the four-antenna transmit diversity coding table for ABBA class quasi-orthogonal space-time block code (QSTBC) based on (2,1)-APSK modulation. The ABBA class codebook is as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Table 8

[0159]

[0160]

[0161] Table 9

[0162]

[0163]

[0164] Similarly, in four-transmit diversity, APSK modulation, compared to BPSK modulation, results in fewer impedance matching types supporting phase modulation for antenna 1 and / or antenna 2, but more impedance matching types supporting amplitude modulation. Similarly, compared to ABBA-type codebooks, NSTBC-based antenna 1 has fewer impedance matching types supporting phase modulation. Therefore, APSK modulation is more suitable for backscatter communication where impedance amplitude modulation is superior to phase modulation.

[0165] Based on the above coding table for (M,N)-APSK modulation, differential NSTBC coding under (M,N)-APSK modulation can be performed according to the following coding rules.

[0166] In a specific implementation, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies:

[0167]

[0168] Among them, s 2t+1 and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period (it should be noted that the transmitted symbols can also be called constellation symbols, constellation points, etc., and this application embodiment does not specifically limit the name), s 2t+2 and The symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the (2t+2)th symbol period; where the symbols are... For the symbol s 2t+2 conjugate, symbol For the symbol s 2t+1The negative conjugate of ; the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2nd symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period.

[0169] In a specific implementation, the encoder uses DSTBC encoding and an NSTBC codebook to encode the transmitted symbols for the current symbol period, including:

[0170] (1) The encoder determines the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period by using the DSTBC coding method, the NSTBC codebook and the power of the transmitted symbol of the previous symbol period;

[0171] (2) The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol after encoding the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, the power of the transmitted symbol on the transmitting antenna of the symbols of the previous two symbol periods of the current symbol period, and the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

[0172] Specifically, regarding the determination of the coding coefficient vector of the current symbol period at the encoding end in (1) above, this application provides two specific implementation methods, including:

[0173] Implementation Method 1:

[0174] (1.1) The encoding end follows the formula:

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the encoder in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0178] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by encoding at the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0179] In this embodiment, the encoding end calculates the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using a direct calculation method.

[0180] Specifically, the above-mentioned (1) encoding end determining the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period also includes:

[0181] (1.2) The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the 2t+1 symbol period based on the preset mapping table of the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0182] The preset mapping table contains the original bits or original symbols and The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0183] The aforementioned raw bits or raw symbols refer to the initial data bits or initial symbols to be encoded, and the aforementioned initial reference symbols refer to the reference symbols on the transmit antenna in the initial symbol period, that is, in the first symbol period.

[0184] In this embodiment of the application, the encoding end determines the mapping table directly.

[0185] Specifically, the encoding end (2) above determines the transmitted symbol after encoding in the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including:

[0186] (2.1) The encoding end follows the formula:

[0187]

[0188] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0189] in, s is the coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoder. 2t-1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoder in the 2t-th symbol period, |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 This is the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0190] In this embodiment of the application, the encoding end calculates the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by power normalization based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmit antennas of the previous two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0191] For example: Suppose that in the 2t-1 symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are s respectively. 2t-1 and Then, in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are s and s, respectively. 2t and That is, the signals transmitted by the transmitting end on the two antennas in the 2t-1 and 2t symbol periods satisfy:

[0192]

[0193] In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the encoding end and is processed according to the mapping relationship. Generate the corresponding coding coefficient vector (Taking a lookup of a preset mapping table as an example), the encoding end uses the symbol vector sent in the previous two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector. Calculate the symbol sent at the current moment:

[0194]

[0195] And in the 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on both antennas are Among them, the coding coefficient vector It satisfies the following relationship with the current input symbol:

[0196]

[0197]

[0198] Implementation Method Two:

[0199] (1.1) The encoding end follows the formula:

[0200]

[0201]

[0202] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the encoder in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0203] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0204] In this embodiment, the encoding end calculates the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using a direct calculation method.

[0205] Specifically, the above-mentioned (1) encoding end determining the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period also includes:

[0206] (1.2) The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the 2t+1 symbol period based on the preset mapping table of the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0207] The preset mapping table contains the original bits or original symbols and The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0208] Specifically, the encoding end (2) above determines the transmitted symbol after encoding in the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including:

[0209] (2.1) The encoding end follows the formula:

[0210]

[0211] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0212] in, s is the coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoder. 2t-1 and For the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0213] In this embodiment of the application, the encoding end calculates the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by power normalization based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmit antennas of the previous two symbol periods of the current symbol period.

[0214] For example: Suppose that in the 2t-1 symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are s respectively. 2t-1 and Then, in the 2t-th symbol period, the symbols transmitted from the first antenna and the second antenna are s and s, respectively. 2t and That is, the signals transmitted by the transmitting end on the two antennas in the 2t-1 and 2t symbol periods satisfy:

[0215]

[0216] In the 2t+1th symbol period, a set of 2m bits arrives at the encoding end and is processed according to the mapping relationship. Generate the corresponding coding coefficient vector (Taking a lookup of a preset mapping table as an example), the encoding end uses the symbol vector sent in the previous two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector. Calculate the symbol sent at the current moment:

[0217]

[0218] And in the 2t+2 symbol period, the symbols transmitted on both antennas are Among them, the coding coefficient vector It satisfies the following relationship with the current input symbol:

[0219]

[0220]

[0221] In a specific implementation, the method further includes:

[0222] The encoding end determines the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by encoding the first symbol period as follows: And the transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmit antennas in the second symbol period are

[0223] in, and The following NSTBC codebook is satisfied:

[0224]

[0225] The initial reference symbol is determined.

[0226] The above describes the process by which the encoding end encodes the transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas in the 2t+1 symbol period (including Implementation Method 1 and Implementation Method 2). By repeating the above process, the differential NSTBC encoding and transmission of all information bits to be transmitted can be completed.

[0227] It should be noted that, based on the above process, it can be seen that in differential NSTBC encoding, two symbols can be encoded in one symbol period. The transmitted symbols of the two symbol periods only need to be encoded once (because the transmitted symbol of the next symbol period can be determined based on the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook). The next symbol period is a redundancy of the previous symbol period. Therefore, in practical applications, a delay can be set up, and the differential NSTBC encoding method can be used to perform encoding processing from the 2t+1 symbol period. Then, the delay time of one symbol period is recorded by the delay timer, and the differential NSTBC encoding method can be used to perform encoding processing from the 2t+3 symbol period, because the transmitted symbols of the 2t+1 symbol period and the 2t+2 symbol period can be determined in one encoding process.

[0228] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described below with reference to specific implementation examples:

[0229] Example 1:

[0230] This embodiment uses (2,2)-APSK as an example and illustrates the coding process of differential NSTBC using the aforementioned implementation method one. Assuming (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3}, and the set of coding coefficient vectors is v. Let the two initial reference modulation signals be s1=1 and s2=3, and the four input bits at the encoder input are c1c2c3c4. According to the mapping rule "00, 01,10,11" → {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c1c2 are mapped to symbol s3, and the last two bits c3c4 are mapped to symbol s4. The mapping relationship is as follows:

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, we have:

[0234]

[0235]

[0236] Based on the different values ​​of input bits c1 and c2, the coding coefficient vector can be obtained. The mapping relationships are shown in Table 10:

[0237] Table 10

[0238] <![CDATA[Input bits (c1c2, c3c4)]]> Encoding coefficient vector (A, B) <![CDATA[Input bits (c1c2, c3c4)]]> Encoding coefficient vector (A, B) (00,00) (4,2) (10,00) (2,-4) (00,01) (10,0) (10,01) (8,-6) (00,10) (-2,4) (10,10) (-4,-2) (00,11) (-8,6) (10,11) (-10,0) (01,00) (6,8) (11,00) (0,-10) (01,01) (12,6) (11,01) (6,-12) (01,10) (0,10) (11,10) (-6,-8) (01,11) (-6,12) (11,11) (-12,-6)

[0239] Assume that the transmitted symbols on both antennas are transmitted in the 2t-1 symbol period:

[0240] s 2t-1 =3,

[0241] According to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-th symbol period are:

[0242] s 2t =-1,

[0243] Assuming that the input bit arriving at the encoder in the (2t+1)th symbol period is 0010, according to the mapping rule between the input bit and the coding coefficient vector, we have

[0244]

[0245] Therefore, there is The encoder uses the symbol vector sent in the previous two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector. Calculate the symbol sent at the current moment:

[0246]

[0247] In the 2t+2 symbol period, according to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are:

[0248] s 2t+2 =1,

[0249] Repeat the above process to complete the differential NSTBC encoding under APSK.

[0250] Example 2:

[0251] This embodiment uses (2,2)-APSK as an example and illustrates the coding process of differential NSTBC using the aforementioned implementation method two. Assuming (2,2)-APSK modulation is used, the set of constellation points is {-3,-1,1,3}, and the set of coding coefficient vectors is v. Let the two initial reference modulation signals be s1=1 and s2=3, and the four input bits at the encoder input are c1c2c3c4. According to the mapping rule "00, 01,10,11" → {1,3,-1,-3}, the first two bits c1c2 are mapped to symbol s3, and the last two bits c3c4 are mapped to symbol s4. The mapping relationship is as follows:

[0252]

[0253]

[0254] According to the definition of the coding coefficient vector, we have

[0255]

[0256]

[0257] Based on the different values ​​of input bits c1 and c2, the coding coefficient vector can be obtained. The mapping relationship is as follows:

[0258]

[0259] Assume that the transmitted symbols on both antennas are transmitted in the 2t-1 symbol period:

[0260] s 2t-1 =3,

[0261] According to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas in the 2t-th symbol period are:

[0262] s 2t =-1,

[0263] Assuming that in the (2t+1)th symbol period, the input bits arriving at the encoder are 1110, according to the mapping rule between input bits and coding coefficient vectors, we have

[0264]

[0265] Therefore, there is The encoder uses the symbol vector sent in the previous two symbol periods and the current coding coefficient vector. Calculate the symbol sent at the current moment:

[0266]

[0267] In the 2t+2 symbol period, according to the NSTBC coding rules, the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are:

[0268] s 2t+2 =3,

[0269] Repeat the above process to complete the differential NSTBC encoding under (2,2)-APSK.

[0270] The encoding method provided in this application can be executed by an encoding device. This application uses an encoding device executing the encoding method as an example to illustrate the encoding device provided in this application.

[0271] See Figure 3 This application provides an encoding device 300, comprising:

[0272] The differential coding module 301 is used by the encoding end to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by using the differential space-time block code DSTBC encoding method, the new space-time block code NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods.

[0273] The NSTBC encoding module 302 is used by the encoding end to determine the transmission symbol of the next symbol period of the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods before the current symbol period.

[0274] In this embodiment, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using DSTBC encoding, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. Simultaneously, the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoder nor decoder needs to know the CSI, meaning no pilot signal needs to be transmitted on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. When calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods is used for normalization, making it applicable to non-constant mode modulation. Simultaneously, the NSTBC codebook, while maintaining diversity gain, reduces the number of load impedance types on the antennas, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors.

[0275] In a specific implementation, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies:

[0276]

[0277] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t+2 and The symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the (2t+2)th symbol period; wherein the symbols For the symbol s 2t+2 conjugate, symbol For the symbol s 2t+1 The negative conjugate of the symbol; the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2th symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period.

[0278] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module and the NSTBC coding module are specifically used for:

[0279] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbol in the previous symbol period, and determines the transmitted symbol after encoding in the current symbol period.

[0280] The encoding end determines the transmission symbol for the next symbol period after the current symbol period based on the transmission symbol encoded in the current symbol period.

[0281] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module is specifically used for:

[0282] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0283]

[0284] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0285] in, The encoding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoding end, wherein s 2t-1 and stated The s represents the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. 2t and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t symbol period, and the |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 This is the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0286] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module is specifically used for:

[0287] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0288]

[0289]

[0290] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0291] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0292] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module is specifically used for:

[0293] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the (2t+1)th symbol period based on a preset mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0294] The preset mapping table contains the original bit or symbol and the... The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0295] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module is further used for:

[0296] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0297]

[0298] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0299] in, The encoding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoding end, wherein s 2t-1 and stated The s represents the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. 2t and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0300] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module can also be used for:

[0301] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0302]

[0303]

[0304] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0305] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0306] In a specific implementation, the differential coding module is further used for:

[0307] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the (2t+1)th symbol period based on a preset mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0308] The preset mapping table contains the original bit or symbol and the... The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0309] In a specific implementation, the NSTBC encoding module is specifically used for:

[0310] The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period based on the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period obtained through encoding and the NSTBC codebook. The encoding end encodes the transmitted symbol s on the two transmit antennas for the (2t+1)th symbol period. 2t+1 and Then, according to the NSTBC codebook structure

[0311]

[0312] The encoded symbol s is obtained from the two transmit antennas during the 2t+2th symbol period. 2t+2 and

[0313] In a specific embodiment, the device further includes:

[0314] The first determining module is used by the encoding end to determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the first symbol period. The transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmit antennas in the second symbol period are...

[0315] Among them, the With the The following NSTBC codebook is satisfied:

[0316]

[0317] The The initial reference symbol is determined.

[0318] In a specific implementation, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period.

[0319] In a specific implementation, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block codes, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block codes, meaning that the two transmitting antennas can be spatially isolated or polarization-directed isolated.

[0320] In a specific implementation, the transmitted symbol is a constant-mode modulation symbol or a non-constant-mode modulation symbol;

[0321] The constant mode modulation includes at least: BPSK modulation;

[0322] The non-constant mode modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0323] The encoding device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal, or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the terminal can include, but is not limited to, the types of terminals listed above; other devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), etc., and this application embodiment does not specifically limit the scope of the device.

[0324] The encoding device provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figure 2 The various processes implemented in the method embodiments achieve the same technical effect, and will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0325] Optional, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 400, including a processor 401 and a memory 402. The memory 402 stores programs or instructions that can run on the processor 401. For example, when the communication device 400 is a terminal, the program or instructions executed by the processor 401 implement the various steps of the above-described encoding device method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 400 is a network-side device, the program or instructions executed by the processor 401 implement the various steps of the above-described encoding device method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, further details are omitted here.

[0326] In this embodiment, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using DSTBC encoding, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. Simultaneously, the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoder nor decoder needs to know the CSI, meaning no pilot signal needs to be transmitted on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. When calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods is used for normalization, making it applicable to non-constant mode modulation. Simultaneously, the NSTBC codebook, while maintaining diversity gain, reduces the number of load impedance types on the antennas, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors.

[0327] Specifically, for the case where the encoding end is the terminal, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal to implement an embodiment of this application.

[0328] The terminal 500 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 501, network module 502, audio output unit 503, input unit 504, sensor 505, display unit 506, user input unit 507, interface unit 508, memory 509, and processor 510.

[0329] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terminal 500 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for supplying power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 510 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as managing charging, discharging, and power consumption through the power management system. Figure 5 The terminal structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0330] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 504 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 5041 and a microphone 5042. The GPU 5041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 506 may include a display panel 5061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 507 includes at least one of a touch panel 5071 and other input devices 5072. The touch panel 5071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 5071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 5072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0331] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 501 can transmit it to the processor 510 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 501 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 501 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0332] The memory 509 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 509 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 509 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory x09 in the embodiments of this application includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0333] Processor 510 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 510 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 510.

[0334] The processor 510 is used to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period by using the differential space-time block code (DSTBC) encoding method, the novel space-time block code (NSTBC) codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods.

[0335] The processor 510 is used by the encoding end to determine the transmission symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period.

[0336] In this embodiment, the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period is calculated using DSTBC encoding, an NSTBC codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. Simultaneously, the low-complexity NSTBC codebook is used to calculate the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period. Based on the DSTBC design, neither the encoder nor decoder needs to know the CSI, meaning no pilot signal needs to be transmitted on each transmitting antenna, reducing system overhead. When calculating the transmitted symbol for the current symbol period, the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods is used for normalization, making it applicable to non-constant mode modulation. Simultaneously, the NSTBC codebook, while maintaining diversity gain, reduces the number of load impedance types on the antennas, lowering system implementation complexity and effectively reducing the probability of detection errors.

[0337] Specifically, the codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies:

[0338]

[0339] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t+2 and The symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the (2t+2)th symbol period; wherein the symbols For the symbol s 2t+2 conjugate, symbol For the symbol s 2t+1 The negative conjugate of the symbol; the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2th symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period.

[0340] Specifically, the processor 510 is used for:

[0341] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols in the previous symbol period.

[0342] The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol for the next symbol period after encoding the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

[0343] Specifically, the processor 510 is used for:

[0344] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0345]

[0346] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0347] in, The encoding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoding end, wherein s 2t-1 and stated The s represents the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. 2t and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t symbol period, and the |s 2t-1 | 2 +|s 2t | 2 This is the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0348] Specifically, the processor 510 is used for:

[0349] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0350]

[0351]

[0352] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0353] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0354] Specifically, the processor 510 is used for:

[0355] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the (2t+1)th symbol period based on a preset mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0356] The preset mapping table contains the original bit or symbol and the... The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0357] Specifically, the processor 510 can also be used for:

[0358] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0359]

[0360] Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period;

[0361] in, The encoding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the encoding end, wherein s 2t-1 and stated The s represents the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. 2t and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

[0362] Specifically, the processor 510 can also be used for:

[0363] The encoding end is based on the formula:

[0364]

[0365]

[0366] Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period.

[0367] Among them, s 2t+1 and For the symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period, s 2t-1 and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period, s 2t and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

[0368] Specifically, the processor 510 can also be used for:

[0369] The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector in the (2t+1)th symbol period based on a preset mapping table between the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector.

[0370] The preset mapping table contains the original bit or symbol and the... The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined.

[0371] Specifically, the processor 510 is used for:

[0372] The encoding end determines the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the first symbol period as follows: The transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmit antennas in the second symbol period are...

[0373] Among them, the With the The following NSTBC codebook is satisfied:

[0374]

[0375] The The initial reference symbol is determined.

[0376] Specifically, there is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol in the current symbol period.

[0377] Specifically, the NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block codes, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block codes.

[0378] Specifically, the transmitted symbol is a constant-mode modulation symbol or a non-constant-mode modulation symbol;

[0379] The constant mode modulation includes at least: BPSK modulation;

[0380] The non-constant mode modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

[0381] Specifically, for cases where the encoding end is a network-side device, such as Figure 6As shown, the network-side device 600 includes: an antenna 61, a radio frequency (RF) device 62, a baseband device 63, a processor 64, and a memory 65. The antenna 61 is connected to the RF device 62. In the uplink direction, the RF device 62 receives information through the antenna 61 and transmits the received information to the baseband device 63 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 63 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the RF device 62. The RF device 62 processes the received information and transmits it through the antenna 61.

[0382] The methods described in the above embodiments can be implemented in a baseband device 63, which includes a baseband processor.

[0383] Baseband device 63 may include, for example, at least one baseband board on which multiple chips are disposed, such as Figure 6 As shown, one of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 65 via a bus interface to call the program in the memory 65 and execute the network device operation shown in the above method embodiment.

[0384] The network-side device may also include a network interface 66, such as a common public radio interface (CPRI).

[0385] Specifically, the network-side device 600 of this embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in a memory 65 and executable on a processor 64, wherein the processor 64 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 65 to execute. Figure 3 The methods executed by each module shown achieve the same technical effect, and to avoid repetition, they will not be described in detail here.

[0386] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described encoding method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0387] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0388] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described encoding method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0389] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0390] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described encoding method embodiments, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0391] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0392] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0393] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An encoding method, characterized in that, include: The encoding end uses the Differential Space-Time Block Code (DSTBC) encoding method, the New Space-Time Block Code (NSTBC) codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods to encode the transmitted symbols of the current symbol period. The encoding end determines the transmission symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period. The codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies: ； in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the (2t+2)th symbol period; wherein the symbols For symbols conjugate, symbol For symbols The negative conjugate of the symbol; the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2th symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encoding end uses DSTBC encoding, NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols from the previous symbol period to encode the transmitted symbols for the current symbol period, including: The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols in the previous symbol period. The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including: The encoding end is based on the formula: Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period; in, The coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the coding end, the and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. This is the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including: The encoding end is based on the formula: ； ； Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. ; in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including: The encoding end is based on the formula: Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period; in, The coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the coding end, the and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period, including: The encoding end is based on the formula: ； ； Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. ; in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The encoding end uses DSTBC encoding, NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols from the previous symbol period to encode the transmitted symbols for the current symbol period, including: The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the encoding end in the current symbol period according to a preset mapping table of the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector; The preset mapping table contains the original bit or original symbol and the... The mapping relationship between them after the initial reference symbol is determined is obtained based on the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbol in the previous symbol period; The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmitting antennas in the first symbol period are... The transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmitting antennas in the second symbol period are... ; Among them, the With the The following NSTBC codebook is satisfied: ； The The initial reference symbol is determined.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, There is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol in the current symbol period.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block codes, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block codes.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The transmitted symbol is a constant-mode modulation symbol or a non-constant-mode modulation symbol; The constant mode modulation includes at least: binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation; The non-constant mode modulation includes at least: amplitude phase-shift keying (APSK) modulation.

12. An encoding device, characterized in that, include: The differential coding module is used by the encoder to encode the transmitted symbol of the current symbol period using the differential space-time block code (DSTBC) encoding method, the novel space-time block code (NSTBC) codebook, and the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the transmitting antennas of the previous two symbol periods. The NSTBC encoding module is used by the encoding end to determine the transmission symbol of the next symbol period based on the transmission symbol of the current symbol period and the NSTBC codebook, wherein the first two symbol periods are the two adjacent symbol periods preceding the current symbol period. The codebook structure of the NSTBC codebook satisfies: ； in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The symbols transmitted on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the (2t+2)th symbol period; wherein the symbols For symbols conjugate, symbol For symbols The negative conjugate of the symbol; the 2t+1th symbol period is the current symbol period, and the 2t+2th symbol period is the next symbol period of the current symbol period.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period using the DSTBC encoding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols in the previous symbol period. The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end is based on the formula: Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period; in, The coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the coding end, the and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. This is the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end is based on the formula: ； ； Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. ; in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

16. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end is based on the formula: Determine the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the 2t+1 symbol period; in, The coding coefficient vector for the (2t+1)th symbol period determined by the coding end, the and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and stated The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period. It is the square root of the sum of the power of the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas during the 2t-1 symbol period.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end is based on the formula: ； ； Determine the coding coefficient vector of the coding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. ; in, and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are encoded by the encoding end in the (2t+1)th symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas are obtained by the encoding end in the 2t-1 symbol period. and The transmitted symbols on the two transmitting antennas are obtained by encoding the encoding end in the 2t-th symbol period.

18. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The differential coding module is specifically used for: The encoding end determines the encoding coefficient vector of the encoding end in the current symbol period according to a preset mapping table of the original bits or original symbols and the encoding coefficient vector; The preset mapping table contains the mapping relationship between the original bits or symbols and the coding coefficient vector after the initial reference symbol is determined. The mapping relationship is obtained based on the DSTBC coding method, the NSTBC codebook, and the power of the transmitted symbols in the previous symbol period. The encoding end determines the transmitted symbol encoded for the current symbol period based on the encoding coefficient vector of the current symbol period.

19. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The encoding end determines the transmitted symbols on the two transmit antennas obtained by the encoding end in the first symbol period as follows: The transmitted symbols obtained by the encoding end on the two transmitting antennas in the second symbol period are... ; Among them, the With the The following NSTBC codebook is satisfied: ； The The initial reference symbol is determined.

20. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that, There is a mapping relationship between the original bits of the current symbol period and the amplitude of the transmitted symbol in the current symbol period.

21. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that, The NSTBC codebook is used for space-time block codes, or the NSTBC codebook is used for polarization-time block codes.

22. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that, The transmitted symbol is a constant-mode modulation symbol or a non-constant-mode modulation symbol; The constant mode modulation includes at least: BPSK modulation; The non-constant mode modulation includes at least APSK modulation.

23. An encoding terminal, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions that can run on the processor, the program or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the encoding method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

24. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the encoding method as described in any one of claims 1 to 11.

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