Superimposed track bed slab, track bed and construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a stacked track slab, a track bed, and a construction method thereof. The stacked track slab has multiple stacked vibration isolators. The slab is mounted on a base via rubber springs from these multiple stacked vibration isolators, employing point support to isolate the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure. The multiple rubber springs absorb the impact energy from train operation, achieving track vibration reduction and noise reduction. Specifically, the elastic element of the stacked vibration isolator comprises multiple (N) vertically stacked rubber springs connected as a single unit by spring connecting assemblies. Its overall stiffness is 1 / N of that of a single rubber spring. Even with adjustments to the material formula and manufacturing process, the stiffness of a single rubber spring is difficult to achieve such a value range. Therefore, the stacked vibration isolator has a large adjustable range of stiffness and overall height, making it well-suited for various working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of track vibration reduction and noise reduction technology, specifically relating to a superimposed track bed slab, track bed and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With economic and scientific development, rail transit is trending towards higher speeds and greater stability, while mechanical equipment is becoming increasingly sophisticated. To meet the demands of industry development and overcome the impact of vibration on structural stability, vehicle operation safety, and the precision of mechanical equipment, technologies and products capable of effectively reducing vibration and noise are essential to improve structural stability, ensure the safe operation of rail lines, and guarantee high precision of mechanical equipment.

[0003] In the existing technology, there are some floating track slabs with vibration reduction effect. One of the newer types is a track slab using rubber spring vibration isolators. Rubber springs have the characteristics of being corrosion-resistant, having high toughness and strength, good elasticity, good vibration reduction effect, fatigue and durability. The track structure formed is a medium-level vibration reduction form.

[0004] However, existing rubber spring vibration isolators are relatively limited in variety. Considering installation dimensions, vibration damping stiffness requirements, and the inherent properties of rubber, the external dimensions and structure of rubber spring vibration isolators are subject to numerous limitations, preventing large-scale modifications. This results in a narrow application range for corresponding track slabs, making them unable to adapt well to various working conditions. While the core rubber spring can have its stiffness adjusted by modifying the material formula, this method offers a limited range of adjustable stiffness and requires multiple formulation tests, making it time-consuming, labor-intensive, and costly. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention is made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a vibration-damping track slab, track bed, and its construction method with multiple redundancies and a wide range of adjustable stiffness, thus applicable to more working conditions. The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a stacked track bed slab, characterized in that it comprises: a slab body; and a plurality of stacked vibration isolators embedded in the slab body, wherein the plurality of stacked vibration isolators are arranged according to a predetermined arrangement rule, each stacked vibration isolator includes an outer sleeve, an elastic element, a height adjustment shim, and a locking shim, the outer sleeve is pre-embedded in the slab body and extends through it along its length, its inner wall has n radially protruding inner protrusions, n≥2, the elastic element includes a support cylinder, a support base, at least two rubber springs disposed inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and a plurality of spring connecting assemblies, the spring connecting assemblies being disposed between two adjacent rubber springs, connecting the vertically stacked plurality of rubber springs into one unit, the upper end of the height adjustment shim, the locking shim, and the support cylinder each has n protrusions, the outer contour shape of which matches the inner wall shape of the outer sleeve at the inner protrusion of the inner sleeve.

[0007] The superimposed track slab provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein each slab has a length of 3.5m to 4.8m and is used to install 8 pairs of sleepers. The predetermined arrangement rule is as follows: if the slab is used as the middle section of the track bed, then 3 pairs of superimposed vibration isolators are arranged at equal intervals on the slab; if the slab is used as the first transition section of the track bed, then 4 pairs of superimposed vibration isolators are arranged at equal intervals on the slab; if the slab is used as the second transition section of the track bed, then 5 pairs of superimposed vibration isolators are arranged on the slab, and on the side of the slab away from the middle section, the spacing between two adjacent pairs of superimposed vibration isolators is narrower.

[0008] The superimposed track bed slab provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: multiple lifting grooves are provided on the lower sides of both sides of the slab in the width direction for corresponding lifting equipment to lift the slab; metal parts are pre-embedded in the lifting grooves.

[0009] The stacked track bed slab provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein both ends of the rubber spring are circular plates with a radially recessed center, and the spring connecting assembly includes: a spring connector having a pair of oppositely arranged circular fitting grooves, the shape of which matches the ends of the rubber springs; and a plurality of connecting member fixing pieces mounted on the spring connector, the ends of which extend toward the fitting grooves, the opposite ends of the two rubber springs respectively fitting into the pair of fitting grooves and being held in place by the ends of the extending connecting member fixing pieces.

[0010] The stacked track bed slab provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features: the support cylinder has multiple pin holes, the inner wall of the support base has a ring of limiting member mounting grooves, and the elastic element further includes a spring limiting assembly, which has: a top limiting member for engaging and fixing the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support cylinder; multiple limiting pins, respectively fitted into the pin holes, pressing the top limiting member toward the upper end of the rubber spring; and a bottom limiting member, fitted into the limiting member mounting groove and protruding outward, for engaging and fixing the lower end of the lowermost rubber spring in the support base.

[0011] The present invention provides a track bed, characterized in that it includes: a plurality of stacked track bed slabs connected end to end; and a plurality of limiting bosses for laterally limiting two adjacent stacked track bed slabs, wherein the stacked track bed slabs are the aforementioned stacked track bed slabs.

[0012] The track bed provided by the present invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the limiting boss is cylindrical or cuboid, and the two sides of the stacked track bed slab in the length direction have two limiting grooves, the shape of the limiting grooves matching the limiting boss, and the limiting boss engaging with the limiting grooves on the corresponding sides of two adjacent stacked track bed slabs respectively.

[0013] This invention provides a construction method for track construction using the above-mentioned superimposed track slabs, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step S2-1: Set a plate on the base, in which a plurality of stacked vibration isolators are fixedly embedded;

[0015] Step S2-2: The slab is lifted to the predetermined construction height using a lifting device;

[0016] Step S2-3: For each outer sleeve, the elastic element and the corresponding height adjustment shim are sequentially placed into the outer sleeve, and the elastic element and the height adjustment shim are rotated by a predetermined angle using an adjustment tool so that their n protrusions are respectively located directly below the multiple protrusions inside the outer sleeve.

[0017] Step S2-4: Lower the plate using the lifting device;

[0018] Step S2-5: For each outer sleeve, insert a locking washer into the outer sleeve, and fix the locking washer, the height adjustment washer and the elastic unit together through a connector to form the stacked track bed slab.

[0019] The construction method provided by this invention may also have the following technical features, including the following steps:

[0020] Steps S2-6: The height of the upper surface of the superimposed track slab is detected by a surface height detection tool, and the upper surface is finely adjusted according to the initial elevation of each position obtained by detection and the design scheme.

[0021] Step S2-7: Install a plurality of sealing strips between the two sides of the plate in the width direction and the base.

[0022] In steps S2-6, when the error between the initial elevation and the predetermined elevation is greater than the predetermined value, the plate is lifted again by the lifting device, and the height adjustment shim at the corresponding position is replaced according to the error value.

[0023] The construction method provided by this invention may also have the following technical features, wherein the slab is a precast concrete slab or a cast-in-place concrete slab, and the cast-in-place slab includes the following steps:

[0024] Step S2-1-1: Set the position of the vibration isolator on the base according to the predetermined arrangement rule, and measure and adjust the position of the vibration isolator and the base elevation at the position.

[0025] Step S2-1-2: Install the central drainage ditch cover and the isolation membrane on the adjusted base;

[0026] Step S2-1-3: Perform a simple installation of the outer sleeve on the substrate on which the isolation membrane is installed, and fix the plane of the outer sleeve on the substrate by means of a positioning plate;

[0027] Step S2-1-4: Install fasteners on the base using a support frame, and perform coarse adjustment of the track geometry using a tool rail;

[0028] Step S2-1-5: Install the steel reinforcement frame for casting the slab according to the design drawings;

[0029] Step S2-1-6: Install the plate template on the base;

[0030] Step S2-1-7: Fine-tune the geometry of the track using the tool rail;

[0031] Step S2-1-8: Concrete is poured into the steel frame and the slab formwork to form the slab with the outer sleeve pre-embedded.

[0032] Invention Function and Effect

[0033] According to the present invention, the superimposed track slab, track bed, and construction method thereof, the superimposed track slab has multiple superimposed vibration isolators. The slab body is set on the base by the rubber springs of the multiple superimposed vibration isolators, forming a floating slab form, that is, using point support to isolate the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure. The multiple rubber springs absorb the impact energy of the train during operation, thereby achieving the effect of track vibration reduction and noise reduction. In particular, the elastic element of the superimposed vibration isolator of the present invention includes multiple (N) vertically superimposed rubber springs, which are connected into a whole by spring connecting components. Its overall stiffness is 1 / N of that of a single rubber spring. Even if the material formula and manufacturing process are adjusted, the stiffness of a single rubber spring is difficult to reach such a value range. Therefore, the stiffness adjustment range of the superimposed vibration isolator is large, and the overall height adjustment range is large, making it well applicable to various working conditions. In addition, the elastic element can be pre-assembled, and its assembly is simple and convenient. During track construction, it only needs to be installed as a whole component, which helps to reduce construction time and improve construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the vibration-damping track system in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the superimposed track bed slab at the vibration isolator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the superimposed vibration isolator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking gasket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a frontal projection view of the locking gasket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the height adjustment pad in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a frontal projection of the height adjustment shim in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the structure of the elastic element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11This is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the supporting base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 15 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the inner part of frame A;

[0049] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top limiting member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the installation of the elastic element in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the superimposed track bed slab at the position of the limiting boss in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of a construction method for track construction using superimposed track slabs in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 21 This is a flowchart of the on-site casting of the slab in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment tool in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 23 This is an orthographic projection of the adjustment tool in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure label:

[0058] Vibration-damping track system 10; stacked track slab 100; slab body 110; sleeper 112; lifting groove 113; limiting groove 114; sealing strip 130; stacked vibration isolator 150; outer sleeve 151; inner protrusion 1511; lifting step 1512; supporting step 1513; fixing pin 1514; flange 1515; locking washer 152; locking plate protrusion 1521; first clearance hole 1522; first mounting groove 1523; height adjustment washer 153; height adjustment plate protrusion 1531; second clearance hole 1532; second mounting groove 1533; elastic element 154; support cylinder 1541; plate-shaped top 15411; top clearance groove 15411a; top mounting hole 15411b; first cylindrical part 15412; internal support plate 15413; positioning post mounting Groove 15413a; Second cylindrical part 15414; Pin hole 15414a; Support base 1542; Rubber spring 1543; Positioning post groove 15431; Limiting member mounting groove 15421; Clearance groove 15422; Rubber spring 1543; Spring connecting assembly 1544; Spring connecting member 15441; Peripheral part 54411; Fixing plate mounting groove 54411a; Fixing member mounting hole 54411b; Disc 54412; Positioning post mounting hole 54412a; Fitting groove 54413; Connecting member fixing plate 15442; Fixing member 15443; Spring limiting assembly 1545; Top limiting member 15451; Bottom limiting member 15452; Limiting pin 15453; Positioning post 15454; Base 200; Limiting boss 400; Elastic pad 401. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the following describes the superimposed track bed slab and its construction method in detail with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0060] <Example 1>

[0061] This embodiment provides a stacked track slab, which is installed in a vibration-damping track system and serves as the middle section of the track bed.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the vibration-damping track system in this embodiment.

[0063] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the superimposed track slab at the vibration isolator in this embodiment. Figure 2 This diagram is only for illustrating the overall structural composition; the vibration isolator shown is a simplified illustration and does not represent the actual structure.

[0064] like Figure 1-2As shown, the vibration-damping track system 10 consists of a base 200, multiple stacked track slabs 100 mounted on the base 200, and rails placed on the stacked track slabs 100. Among these, Figure 1 The rightmost stacked track slab 100 is the stacked track slab 100 used as the middle section in this embodiment.

[0065] A stacked track slab 100 is mounted on a base 200. Multiple stacked track slabs 100 are assembled end-to-end to form a track bed for supporting steel rails. The stacked track slab 100 includes a slab body 110 and a plurality of stacked vibration isolators 150. The slab body 110 is a square concrete slab, and the stacked vibration isolators 150 are embedded in the slab body 110 in pairs, with the two stacked vibration isolators 150 in each pair located near the two steel rails.

[0066] In this embodiment, the plate 110 has dimensions of 4690mm×3000mm×411mm (length×width×thickness). Eight pairs of sleepers 112 are evenly spaced along the length of the plate 110. The distance between two adjacent pairs of sleepers 112 is 595mm. The sleepers 112 are short concrete sleepers. The rails are placed on the sleepers 112 and fixed by fasteners.

[0067] In this embodiment, the superimposed track slab 100 is used as the middle section of the track bed. Since the train travels relatively smoothly in the middle section, the resulting vibration is relatively small. Therefore, the superimposed track slab 100 used in the middle section has three pairs of superimposed vibration isolators 150. The three pairs of superimposed vibration isolators 150 are equally spaced, and the distance between two adjacent pairs of superimposed vibration isolators 150 is 1785mm.

[0068] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the superimposed vibration isolator in this embodiment.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the superimposed vibration isolator 150 includes an outer sleeve 151, a locking shim 152, a height adjustment shim 153, and an elastic element 154.

[0070] The outer sleeve 151 is made of metal and has a through-type cylindrical structure. Its overall height (i.e., the length of the outer sleeve 151) is the same as the thickness of the plate 110, so its two end openings protrude from both sides of the plate 110. The inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has two sets of internal protrusions 1511, each set containing three protrusions. The three protrusions in each set are distributed at the same height inside the cylinder and are evenly distributed along the central axis of the outer sleeve 151. The two sets of internal protrusions 1511 are aligned vertically. That is, two stepped structures are formed on the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151, with the upper one being a lifting step 1512 and the lower one a supporting step 1513.

[0071] In addition, the outer sleeve 151 is a pre-embedded outer sleeve, which is pre-embedded in the concrete slab 110 during the pouring of concrete. For this purpose, two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are also provided on the outside of the outer sleeve 151. The two pairs of fixing pins 1514 are set at different heights on the outer sleeve 151 and extend in a mutually perpendicular direction, i.e., arranged in a cross shape, for binding and fixing in the reinforced concrete slab. The lower end of the outer sleeve 151 has a flange 1515 that protrudes outward to form a skirt structure, which is used to increase the adhesion and load-bearing capacity of the pre-embedded outer sleeve.

[0072] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the locking gasket in this embodiment.

[0073] Figure 5 This is a frontal projection of the locking gasket in this embodiment.

[0074] like Figure 4-5 As shown, the locking washer 152 is used to lock the height adjustment washer 153 and the elastic element 154 inside the outer sleeve 151. The locking washer 152 is a sheet-like piece of metal with three arc-shaped protrusions 1521, so that the shape of the locking washer 152 matches the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512. Specifically, the shape of the locking washer 152 is basically consistent with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 at the lifting step 1512, and its size is slightly smaller than the inner wall at this location. The locking washer 152 has a first clearance hole 1522 in the middle for the corresponding installation tool to be inserted when installing the vibration isolator. The locking washer 152 also has three radially extending first mounting grooves 1523, all of which communicate with the first clearance hole 1522 in the middle for installing connecting parts. The extending directions of the locking tab protrusion 1521 and the first mounting groove 1523 are offset, and the extension line of the first mounting groove 1523 is located between the two locking tab protrusions 1521. The thickness of the locking washer 152 is 10mm.

[0075] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the height adjustment pad in this embodiment.

[0076] Figure 7 This is a frontal projection of the height adjustment shim in this embodiment.

[0077] like Figure 6-7As shown, the height adjustment shim 153 is used to adjust the installation height of the elastic element 154, so that the height of each part of the track bed slab 110 surface conforms to the design data. The outer contour shape of the height adjustment shim 153 is consistent with that of the locking shim 152, and it has three height adjustment protrusions 1531, which will not be described in detail. The height adjustment shim 153 has a circular second clearance hole 1532 in the middle, and has three radially extending second mounting grooves 1533 that communicate with the second clearance hole 1532. The height adjustment protrusions 1531 extend in the direction of the second mounting grooves 1533.

[0078] Depending on the actual required installation height, one or more stacked height adjustment shims 153 can be used, each height adjustment shim 153 having a thickness of 2mm to 10mm.

[0079] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0080] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0081] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the elastic element 154 includes a support cylinder 1541, a support base 1542, two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, a spring connecting assembly 1544, and a spring limiting assembly 1545. The support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542 are supported by the vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, respectively. The spring connecting assembly 1544 is used to connect the two rubber springs 1543 into a whole, and the spring limiting assembly 1545 is used to fix the two ends of the whole formed by the two rubber springs 153 into the support cylinder 1541 and the support base 1542, respectively.

[0082] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support cylinder in this embodiment.

[0083] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the support cylinder in this embodiment.

[0084] like Figure 10-11 As shown, the support cylinder 1541 is made of metal and is used to provide support for the upper end of the stacked rubber springs 153. The support cylinder 1541 has a semi-enclosed structure, including a plate-shaped top 15411, a first cylindrical portion 15412, an internal support plate 15413, and a second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0085] The outer contour of the plate-shaped top 15411 is the same as that of the height adjustment shim 153, but it is thicker than the height adjustment shim 153. A circular top clearance groove 15411a is provided in the middle of the plate-shaped top 15411 to make way for the installation tool during installation. Three top mounting holes 15411b are distributed around the top clearance groove 15411a, and their positions correspond to the ends of the three first mounting grooves 1523 of the height adjustment shim 153, which are also used to allow the installation tool to be inserted during installation.

[0086] like Figure 3 As shown, since the three top mounting holes 15411b on the top of the support cylinder 1541, the three first mounting grooves 1523 on the locking washer 152, and the three second mounting grooves 1533 on the height adjustment washer 153 are all distributed in the same way, these mounting holes and grooves can form three vertically penetrating mounting holes for connectors during installation, thereby enabling the installation of connectors to fasten the three together. In this embodiment, the connectors are bolts and nuts.

[0087] Both the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 are circular and have the same diameter. The difference lies in that the length of the first cylindrical portion 15412 is fixed, while the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 can be adjusted according to the size and number of rubber springs 1543. The length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 should ensure that the second cylindrical portion 15414 and the support base 1542 are still engaged when all rubber springs 1543 are not under stress (when the overall height of the multiple rubber springs 1543 is at its maximum). Furthermore, multiple pin holes 15414a are provided above the second cylindrical portion 15414 for mounting corresponding components in the spring limiting assembly 1545. In this embodiment, there are four pin holes 15414a, evenly distributed along the circumference of the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0088] The internal support plate 15413 is a circular metal plate, welded between the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414, and its diameter is the same as that of the first cylindrical portion 15412 and the second cylindrical portion 15414. The internal support plate 15413 and the second cylindrical portion 15414 form a downward circular opening for mounting the rubber spring 1543.

[0089] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the support base in this embodiment.

[0090] like Figure 12 As shown, the support base 1542 is used to support and limit the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 153. The support base 1542 is also made of metal, is in the shape of a circular cap, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the second cylindrical portion 15414, so it can be slidably fitted into the second cylindrical portion 15414.

[0091] The inner wall of the support base 1542 has a ring of limiting member mounting groove 15421 and a square clearance groove 15422. The limiting member mounting groove 15421 is used to install the corresponding component in the spring limiting assembly 1545, and the square clearance groove 15422 is used to make way for the corresponding structure in the spring limiting assembly 1545. The structure of the spring limiting assembly 1545 will be explained in more detail below.

[0092] like Figure 8-9 As shown, the two rubber springs 1543 have identical structures, both made of vulcanized rubber, and have circular plate-shaped upper and lower ends. Circular metal plates are wrapped around both the upper and lower ends to ensure that the force borne by the two ends is more evenly transmitted to the middle. The middle of the rubber spring 1543 is formed between the upper and lower ends and tapers radially inward. Viewed from the side, the two sides of the rubber spring 1543 are inwardly curved arcs. Furthermore, the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 has a circular positioning post groove 15431 for mounting a positioning post.

[0093] The rubber spring 1543 is available in various stiffness specifications. During production, the stiffness of the rubber spring 1543 can be adjusted by modifying the rubber composition and production parameters. In this embodiment, the rubber spring 1543 located in the middle of the plate 111 has a relatively lower stiffness, while the rubber springs 1543 located on both sides of the plate 111 along its length have relatively higher stiffness. Due to the presence of cross-sections on both sides of the plate 111, relatively larger vibrations will occur during train operation. Therefore, this arrangement allows for a more uniform overall vibration damping effect of the plate 111.

[0094] Two rubber springs 1543 are stacked vertically and connected into a whole by spring connecting assembly 1544. The whole formed by the two rubber springs 1543 is set inside the covering structure formed by the fitting of support cylinder 1541 and support base 1542.

[0095] Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring connector in this embodiment.

[0096] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring connector in this embodiment.

[0097] Figure 15 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of the inner part of frame A.

[0098] like Figure 13-15 As shown, the spring connection assembly 1544 includes a spring connector 15441, multiple connector fixing pieces 15442, and multiple fixing pieces 15443.

[0099] The spring connector 15441 is a one-piece molded metal part, having an annular peripheral portion 54411 and a circular disc 54412 formed within the peripheral portion 54411. The two sides of the peripheral portion 54411 extend vertically from the two sides of the disc 54412, and the inner diameter of the peripheral portion 54411 matches the diameter of the rubber spring 1543. The cross-section of the spring connector 15441 is H-shaped. Therefore, on both sides of the disc 54412, the peripheral portion 54411 and the disc 54412 form a pair of circular fitting grooves 54413 for embedding the ends of the rubber spring 1543. The pair of fitting grooves 54413 are arranged opposite to each other, with their openings facing both sides.

[0100] The peripheral portion 54411 has four square mounting slots 54411a for fixing pieces. The bottom of each mounting slot 54411a has a mounting hole 54411b for fasteners, used to fit and install the connector fixing piece 15442 and to provide the fastener 15443. The four mounting slots 54411a are evenly distributed along the circumference. Furthermore, a circular positioning post mounting hole 54412a is located in the center of the disc body 54412 for installing a positioning post.

[0101] The connector fixing piece 15442 is a "U"-shaped metal part with a through-hole in the middle. The connector fixing piece 15442 is fitted into the fixing piece mounting groove 54411a and fixed by the fixing piece 15443, which is a screw in this embodiment. The two ends of the connector fixing piece 15442 extend toward the two fitting grooves 54413 respectively, forming a hook-shaped structure.

[0102] like Figure 9 As shown, the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 above the spring connector 15441, and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543 is fitted into the circular fitting groove 54413 below the spring connector 15441. They are fixed by four connecting fixing pieces 15442 and four fixing pieces 15443. The connecting fixing pieces 15442 and the spring connector 15441 form a hook-like structure that catches the end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby connecting the two stacked rubber springs 1543 into a single elastic structure.

[0103] After being connected as one unit, the two ends of the two superimposed rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by the spring limiting assembly 1545.

[0104] like Figure 8 As shown, the spring limiting assembly 1545 includes a pair of top limiting members 15451, a bottom limiting member 15452, multiple limiting pins 15453, and multiple positioning posts 15454. The number of positioning posts 15454 is set according to the number of rubber springs 1543, and there are two in this embodiment.

[0105] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the top limiting member in this embodiment.

[0106] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view of the top limiting member in this embodiment.

[0107] like Figure 16-17 As shown, the top limiting member 15451 is used to fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring 1543 inside the support cylinder 1541. The top limiting member 15451 is an arc-shaped metal part with an L-shaped cross section. Therefore, after installation, it can not only horizontally lock the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, but also fasten the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0108] Multiple limiting pins 15453 pass through multiple pin holes 15414a on the second cylindrical part 15414 respectively, pressing a pair of top limiting members 15451 toward the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 from multiple directions, thereby securely fastening them to the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0109] The bottom limiting member 15452 is a retaining spring, which is fitted into the limiting member mounting groove 15421 of the support base 1542 and protrudes outward from the groove to engage the lower end of the bottom rubber spring 1543 in the support base 1542.

[0110] In addition, such as Figure 9 As shown, after setting the spring connecting assembly 1544, the diameter at the connection position of the two rubber springs 1543 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the support cylinder 1511. Therefore, during the elastic damping process, both ends of all rubber springs 1543 are well limited, so that the overall elastic structure formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 remains stable during the expansion and contraction process.

[0111] like Figure 9 As shown, the positioning post 15454 consists of two cylindrical segments, one of which has a larger diameter, thus forming a stepped structure in the middle of the positioning post 15454. During installation, the smaller-diameter cylindrical segment of the positioning post 15454 is embedded in the positioning post mounting groove 15413a of the internal support plate 15413, while the larger-diameter cylindrical segment is embedded in the positioning post groove 15431 at the upper end of the rubber spring 1543, thereby providing lateral restraint for the rubber spring 1543. The stepped structure in the middle makes it difficult for the spring to come out.

[0112] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the installation of the elastic element in this embodiment.

[0113] like Figure 18 As shown, the process of assembling the above structure into an integral elastic element 154 specifically includes the following steps:

[0114] Step S1-1: Fit the lower end of a rubber spring 1543 onto the upper part of the spring connector 15441.

[0115] In step S1-2, a positioning post 15454 is embedded in the upper end of another rubber spring 1543, and then the upper end of the rubber spring 1543 is fitted under the spring connector 15441.

[0116] In steps S1-3, multiple connector fixing pieces 15442 are respectively fitted into multiple fixing piece mounting slots 54411a of spring connector 15441, and respectively fixed by fixing pieces 15443.

[0117] Step S1-4: Secure a pair of top limiting pieces 15451 to the upper end of the rubber spring 1543.

[0118] Steps S1-5: The upper ends of the top limiting member 15451 and the superimposed rubber spring 1543 are embedded below the support cylinder 1541 and fixed by multiple limiting pins 15453.

[0119] Steps S1-6: Fit the bottom limiting member 15452 into the limiting member mounting groove 15421 of the support base 1542.

[0120] Steps S1-7: Insert the lower end of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 into the support base 1542.

[0121] Through the above steps, the multiple components are assembled into an integrated elastic element 154. During track construction, the elastic element 154 only needs to be installed as a whole.

[0122] Furthermore, the aforementioned elastic element 154 includes two vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, connected as a whole by a spring connecting assembly 1544, the overall stiffness of which is 1 / 2 of that of a single rubber spring 1543. In practice, the spring element 154 can include more vertically stacked rubber springs 1543, with adjacent rubber springs 1543 connected by the aforementioned spring connecting assembly 1544. When three vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 are included, the overall stiffness is 1 / 3 of a single spring; when four are included, the overall stiffness is 1 / 4 of a single spring, and so on. Therefore, the stiffness adjustment range of the elastic element 154 in this embodiment is very large. When more rubber springs 1543 are included, the length of the second cylindrical portion 15414 is adjusted accordingly based on the number of rubber springs 1543.

[0123] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of the superimposed track bed slab at the position of the limiting boss in this embodiment.

[0124] like Figure 1 , Figure 19 As shown, the track bed is assembled from multiple stacked track bed slabs 100 connected end to end, with a gap of 70mm between adjacent stacked track bed slabs 100. A pair of semi-cylindrical limiting grooves 114 are provided on both sides of the slab 110 along its length, for setting limiting bosses 400 during assembly. In this embodiment, the limiting bosses 400 are cylindrical concrete platforms whose shape matches the limiting grooves 114. During assembly, the limiting bosses 400 engage with the corresponding limiting grooves 114 of two adjacent slabs 110, thereby laterally limiting the stacked track bed slabs 100.

[0125] In addition, such as Figure 2 As shown, a plurality of sealing strips 130 are provided on both sides of the plate 110 in the width direction and between the plate 110 and the base 200. The sealing strips 130 are made of rubber and are used to block the gap between the plate 110 and the base 200 from both sides, preventing dust, debris, etc. from entering the gap from both sides and affecting the service life and vibration damping effect of the elastic element 154. The sealing strips 130 should meet the sealing requirements and their fire resistance rating should reach Class A (refer to "Classification of Burning Performance of Building Materials and Products" (GB8624-2012)).

[0126] As described above, the superimposed track slab 100 of this embodiment uses multiple superimposed vibration isolators 150, that is, it adopts a point support method to isolate the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure. The rubber springs 1543 of the multiple superimposed vibration isolators 150 absorb the impact energy of the train during operation, thereby achieving the effect of vibration reduction and noise reduction.

[0127] The construction method of the superimposed track slab 100 in this embodiment will be described in detail below. Before construction, basic track data must first be collected and corresponding design schemes adjusted, specifically including the following:

[0128] (1) Laying out measurements and structural dimension deviation detection

[0129] Due to a combination of factors, including errors in the civil construction of stations and tunnels and uneven settlement of the structure, there are discrepancies between the designed and actual tracks. To ensure that the track meets the requirements of train operation clearance, the design unit should adjust the horizontal position and elevation of the track and set up track control benchmarks in accordance with relevant regulations.

[0130] (2) Control benchmark retesting and benchmark encryption

[0131] After the control benchmarks are remeasured, the construction benchmarks are densified, with one densified benchmark every 5 meters, and the measurement error must meet the specifications. The locations of expansion joints, base elevation control lines, rail top elevation control lines, and track centerlines, etc., as measured on-site, are marked.

[0132] (3) Inspection of tunnel structural dimensional deviations in track slab section

[0133] Based on the surveyed construction benchmarks, check whether the deviation between the measured track height and the designed track height, and between the designed centerline and the measured track centerline of the track slab (floating slab) section, meets the track design requirements. If the deviation exceeds the limit, the measurement data is fed back to the design unit for adjustment of the design scheme.

[0134] Subsequently, track construction was carried out based on the adjusted design plan.

[0135] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of the construction method for track construction using superimposed track slabs in this embodiment.

[0136] like Figure 20 As shown, based on the adjusted design scheme, the method for track construction using the superimposed track slab 100 in this embodiment specifically includes the following steps:

[0137] Step S2-1: A plate 110 is set on the base 200, and an outer sleeve 151 in which a plurality of stacked vibration isolators 150 are fixedly embedded.

[0138] The base 200 is made of poured concrete. Reinforcing bars for pre-embedded limiting bosses 400 are embedded in the base 200 according to the sections of the track bed slab, and rough surfaces are reserved at the positions of the limiting bosses 400. After the concrete pouring of the base 200 is completed, curing measures such as covering, water retention, film moisturizing, and spraying or brushing curing agents should be adopted in a timely manner, and the curing time should not be less than five days. After the base 200 is poured and has initially set for 24 hours, the vibration isolators can be installed and secondary benchmark measurements can be conducted.

[0139] The slab 110 can be a precast concrete slab prepared in a factory and placed on the base 200 by hoisting equipment, or it can be a concrete slab cast on site.

[0140] Figure 21 This is a flowchart of the on-site casting process in this embodiment.

[0141] like Figure 21 As shown, the specific workflow for on-site casting of the slab 110 with the outer sleeve 151 embedded includes the following steps:

[0142] Step S2-1-1: Set the position of the vibration isolator on the base 200 according to the predetermined arrangement rules, and measure the position and the base elevation at the position. Adjust the position of the vibration isolator and the base elevation at the position according to the measurement results.

[0143] In this embodiment, there are six outer sleeves 151, arranged in pairs at equal intervals along the predetermined track extension direction, such as... Figure 1 As shown. The position of the outer sleeve 151 must be accurate, with a positional deviation of ±3mm and an elevation deviation of ±5mm. Any discrepancies between the vibration isolator location and the foundation elevation at that location and the specified requirements must be addressed as follows:

[0144] For areas where the base elevation of the vibration isolator location is 5mm higher than the design elevation, the area must be ground down until the design requirements are met.

[0145] For areas where the foundation elevation at the vibration isolator location is less than 5mm below the design elevation, filling is required. Before filling, the foundation surface must be chiseled down to 20mm below the design elevation, and then filled to the design elevation using high-strength, non-shrink grout. Before injecting the high-strength mortar, all loose debris in the injection area must be thoroughly cleaned, and the injection site must be fully moistened. No leakage of grout is required during the injection process. After injection, water curing should be carried out for 3–7 days. The surface smoothness after treatment with the high-strength, non-shrink grout should meet a requirement of 2mm. The filled surface should be smoothly joined to the original foundation surface using a bevel.

[0146] Step S2-1-2: Install the central drainage ditch cover and the isolation membrane on the adjusted base 200.

[0147] After the above-mentioned foundation construction is completed, the concrete surface and debris in the foundation ditch should be cleaned thoroughly before installing the ditch cover and laying the isolation layer. Anchor bars should be installed on the ditch cover according to the design requirements.

[0148] Step S2-1-3: Perform a simple installation of the outer sleeve 151 on the substrate on which the isolation membrane is installed.

[0149] Based on the predetermined vibration isolator positions, accurately locate the center of the outer sleeve 151 on the base concrete. Use a custom-made positioning plate to fix the outer sleeve 151 flat onto the base concrete to prevent displacement of the outer sleeve 151 during the pouring of the floating slab concrete. After the outer sleeve 151 is in place, seal the interface between the outer sleeve 151 and the isolation layer with silicone or similar materials to ensure the correct positioning of the outer sleeve 151 and prevent cement slurry from seeping into the outer sleeve 151.

[0150] Step S2-1-4: Install rail fasteners on the base 200 using a support frame, and perform coarse adjustment of the rail geometry using a tool rail.

[0151] Since floating slab track bed construction is generally pre-laid, after the rail fasteners are installed, rough adjustments are made using tool rails of the same model as the track. The tool rails are 12.5m or 6.25m long, connected with rail clamps, and supported by specially designed support frames. After the tool rails are installed, their geometric dimensions and rail base slope are promptly adjusted to near the design values, with an error not exceeding 20mm. Horizontal constraints are also strengthened to maintain the track's condition during construction.

[0152] Step S2-1-5: Tie the steel reinforcement frame for pouring slab 110 according to the design drawings.

[0153] HRB400 steel bars are used. The bars must be stored away from the ground to prevent rainwater corrosion and rust. Finished steel bars and incoming raw materials must be stored separately and clearly labeled to prevent mixing. Before tying the steel bars, check the release liner and repair any damage.

[0154] The requirements for binding structural reinforcement and stray current reinforcement are the same as those for binding integral track bed reinforcement. After the reinforcement is bound, care should be taken when welding stray current reinforcement to avoid damaging the isolation membrane. At the same time, the isolation membrane should be thoroughly inspected, and any damage should be repaired immediately.

[0155] When tying reinforcing bars around the outer sleeve 151 during simple installation, care should be taken to avoid moving the outer sleeve 151.

[0156] Step S2-1-6: Install the template of plate 110 on base 200.

[0157] When installing the formwork, strictly follow the design dimensions of the 110mm slab. After the formwork is installed, install the drainage pipes, and ensure the stability of the formwork around the track when erecting it.

[0158] Step S2-1-7: Fine-tune the track geometry using the tool rail.

[0159] To ensure correct track geometry, precise adjustments must be made to the track after the reinforcing steel is laid according to design requirements. It is important to note that a 30mm allowance must be made during rail elevation construction for the jacking height of the slab 110. Track adjustment requirements are shown in Tables 1 and 2:

[0160] Table 1. Allowable Deviation of Curve

[0161]

[0162] Table 2. Permissible Deviations in Track Geometry

[0163] Serial Number Inspection items Deviation requirements 1 Fastener spacing ±5mm 2 gauge +2, -1, rate of change ≤ 1‰ 3 level 2mm 4 distortion 2mm 5 Track direction For straight lines, the deviation should not exceed 2mm / 10m chord; for curves, see Table 2 for versine deviation. 6 High and low The track surface appears smooth, and the maximum sagittal is ≤2mm / 10m chord. 7 Midline deviation 2mm 8 Elevation ±5mm 9 Rail bottom slope 1 / 35～1 / 45

[0164] In step S2-1-8, concrete is poured into the steel frame and the track slab formwork to form a concrete slab 110 with an outer sleeve 151 embedded in it.

[0165] Before pouring concrete, a comprehensive inspection of all preceding procedures should be conducted. First, check the model and location of the vibration isolators, and the condition of the silicone seal around them. Then, check whether the isolation membrane is completely intact, whether the welding of the reinforcing bars and drainage flat steel meets the design requirements, and whether the installation position and dimensions of the formwork are correct. Finally, check whether the geometric dimensions of the track are accurate. Concrete pouring can only proceed after all the above items have been checked and found to be in compliance with requirements.

[0166] The concrete should be poured to the designed thickness, and a transverse slope should be created according to the design requirements. It is important to ensure that the top surface of the concrete is 30mm lower than the design elevation to allow for jacking height. The pouring of each individual slab 110 should not be interrupted to avoid weakening its strength. During pouring, use an immersion vibrator to compact the concrete, ensuring quality, especially strengthening the vibration around the vibration isolators. Simultaneously, care should be taken to clean the concrete from the vibration isolator cover during pouring. After pouring, water curing should be carried out to keep the concrete surface constantly moist for at least two weeks.

[0167] Step S2-1a: Measure the relative height parameter of each outer sleeve 151 using a testing instrument, and set the quantity and thickness specifications of the height adjustment shims 153 for each outer sleeve 151 according to the measured relative height parameter.

[0168] Step S2-2: Use a lifting tool to lift the slab 110 to the predetermined construction height.

[0169] In this embodiment, the lifting tool is a dedicated hydraulic jack, which includes a hydraulic pump, a flow divider valve, and four jack heads, connected to a corresponding industrial control computer. During construction, the four jack heads are respectively embedded in the four lifting grooves 113 of the plate 110. Under the control of the corresponding industrial control computer, the four jack heads lift simultaneously, thereby smoothly lifting the plate 110 upward to the predetermined construction height. The lifting height should be such that the distance between the support step 1513 of the outer sleeve 151 embedded in the plate 110 and the base 200 is greater than the total thickness of the elastic element 154 to be placed and several height adjustment shims 153, so that the elastic element 154 is not subjected to force after being placed, and the height adjustment shims 153 and the elastic element 154 can be rotated and adjusted. That is, the predetermined construction height is greater than the final floating height of the plate.

[0170] In steps S2-3, for each outer sleeve 151, the elastic element 154 and the corresponding height adjustment shim 153 are sequentially inserted from the upper opening of the outer sleeve 151, and the elastic element 154 and the height adjustment shim 153 are rotated by a predetermined angle using an adjustment tool so that their multiple protrusions are located directly below the multiple inner protrusions 1511 of the supporting step 1513.

[0171] In this embodiment, the support step 1513 includes three evenly distributed cylindrical protrusions 1511. Therefore, by adjusting the inserted elastic element 154 and height adjustment shim 153 by 60 degrees, the protrusions of the elastic element 154 and height adjustment shim 153 are respectively located directly below the three cylindrical protrusions 1511. After the plate 111 is lowered, the three protrusions abut against the three cylindrical protrusions 1511 respectively, thereby forming a support structure.

[0172] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.

[0173] Figure 23 This is an orthographic projection of the adjustment tool in this embodiment.

[0174] like Figure 22-23 As shown, the adjusting tool 600 has a T-shaped handle 601 and an adjusting head 602 connected to the other end of the handle 601. The adjusting head 602 has three radially extending adjusting ends 6021, which are positioned corresponding to the three mounting slots of the locking shim 152 and the height adjusting shim 153. Bolts (not shown in the figure) extending vertically are mounted on the adjusting ends 6021.

[0175] Therefore, taking the elastic element 154 as an example, the construction worker can hold the handle 601, insert the adjusting head 602 into the outer sleeve 151, and make the bolts on the three adjusting ends 6021 respectively embedded in the three top mounting holes 15411b on the top of the spring element 154. Then, by rotating the handle 601 horizontally, the elastic element 154 can be rotated horizontally.

[0176] Step S2-4: Lower the plate 110 using the lifting device.

[0177] At this time, the rubber springs 1543 in each elastic element 154 enter the stressed state, and the plate 110 floats on the base 200. All the loads of the plate 110 are transmitted to the elastic elements 154 through the support steps 1513 of the outer sleeve 151. In this embodiment, the floating height of the plate 110 is 30mm.

[0178] In step S2-5, for each outer sleeve 151, insert the locking washer 152 through the upper opening of the outer sleeve 151, and fix the locking washer 152, the adjusting washer 153, and the elastic element 154 together through the connector to prevent the adjusting washer 153 and the elastic element 154 from rotating and falling off.

[0179] At this point, the installation of all the stacked vibration isolators 150 is completed, forming the aforementioned stacked track bed slab 100.

[0180] Step S2-6: The height of the upper surface of the stacked track bed slab 100 is detected by a surface height detection tool, and the upper surface is finely adjusted according to the initial elevation of each detected position and the design scheme.

[0181] Specifically, if a location is detected where the error between the initial elevation and the predetermined elevation is greater than a predetermined error value, the plate 110 is lifted again using the lifting device, and the height adjustment shim 153 of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 at that location is replaced according to the error value, until the error between the initial elevation and the predetermined elevation at that location is less than the predetermined error value. In this embodiment, the predetermined error value is 1 mm.

[0182] Step S2-7: Install a plurality of sealing strips 130 between the two sides of the plate 110 in the width direction and the base 200.

[0183] One end of the sealing strip 130 in the width direction is connected to the base 200 by means of rivet bolts, and the other end is connected to the side of the plate 110 by strong adhesive.

[0184] After completing multiple stacked track slabs 100 in sequence according to the above steps, a position for setting the limiting boss 400 is formed between two adjacent stacked track slabs 100. An elastic pad 401 is first placed at this position, and then concrete is poured to form the limiting boss 400.

[0185] After construction is completed, the superimposed track slab 100 shall be inspected and accepted. The acceptance of track geometry shall be carried out in accordance with the "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Railway Track Engineering" (TB 10413); the acceptance of concrete quality shall be carried out in accordance with the "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Railway Track Engineering" (TB 10413) and the "Standard for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Railway Concrete and Masonry Engineering" (TB10424).

[0186] In this embodiment, the parts not described in detail are publicly known technologies in the public domain.

[0187] <Example 2>

[0188] This embodiment provides a stacked track bed slab. Compared with Embodiment 1, the difference is that the stacked track bed slab in this embodiment is used as the first transition section in the track bed.

[0189] Some sections of the track extend onto the bridge. On the bridge, the conditions of the foundation differ from those on land, resulting in greater vibrations when trains cross. At the junction of the bridge and the land, the vibrations gradually decrease as the train travels from the bridge towards the land.

[0190] The track bed located at the junction of the land and the bridge is called the transition section. The transition section can be further divided into a first transition section and a second transition section, with the first transition section closer to the middle section and the second transition section closer to the side of the bridge.

[0191] like Figure 1 As shown, the first transition section is Figure 1 The difference between the stacked track slab 100 located in the middle and the one used as the middle section is that the stacked track slab 100 in this embodiment has four pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 evenly spaced in the middle, and the distance between two adjacent pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 is 1190mm, so it can achieve a relatively stronger vibration reduction effect.

[0192] In this embodiment, the other structures, working principles, and corresponding construction methods are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0193] <Example 3>

[0194] This embodiment provides a superimposed track bed slab. Compared with embodiments one and two, the difference is that the superimposed track bed slab in this embodiment is used as the second transition section in the track bed.

[0195] like Figure 1 As shown, the second transition section is Figure 1 The leftmost stacked track slab 100 is closer to the bridge side.

[0196] Compared to the stacked track slab 100 used as the intermediate section or first transition section, the difference lies in that the stacked track slab 100 of this embodiment is provided with five pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150, and in this stacked track slab 100, on the side away from the intermediate section (i.e., the side closer to the bridge), the spacing between two adjacent pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 is narrower. Figure 1 As shown, along the length of the plate 110 from left to right, the spacing between two adjacent stacked vibration isolators 150 is 595mm, 595mm, 595mm, 1190mm, and 1190mm respectively.

[0197] Therefore, the vibration reduction effect of the superimposed track slab 100 in this embodiment is stronger than that in embodiments one and two, and along the Figure 1 From left to right, the vibration damping effect of the superimposed track bed slab 100 in this embodiment gradually weakens.

[0198] In this embodiment, the other structures, working principles, and corresponding construction methods are the same as in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.

[0199] Functions and effects of the embodiments

[0200] According to the superimposed track slab 100, track bed 10 and its construction method provided in this embodiment, since the superimposed track slab 100 has multiple superimposed vibration isolators 150, the slab body 110 is set on the base 200 through the rubber springs 1543 of the multiple superimposed vibration isolators 150, forming a floating slab form, that is, using point support, the rigid connection between the track structure and the base structure is broken, and the impact energy of the train running is absorbed by the multiple rubber springs 1543, thereby achieving the effect of track vibration reduction and noise reduction. In particular, the elastic element 154 of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 in this embodiment includes multiple (N) vertically superimposed rubber springs 1543, which are connected into one unit by the spring connecting assembly 1544. Its overall stiffness is 1 / N of that of a single rubber spring 1543. Even if the material formula and manufacturing process are adjusted, the stiffness of a single rubber spring 1543 is difficult to reach such a value range. Therefore, the stiffness adjustment range of the superimposed vibration isolator 150 is large, the overall height adjustment range is large, and it can be well applied to a variety of different working conditions. In addition, the elastic element 154 can be pre-assembled, and its assembly is simple and convenient. During track construction, it only needs to be installed as a whole component, which helps to reduce construction time and improve construction efficiency.

[0201] Furthermore, the stacked rubber springs 1543 are connected by a spring connecting assembly 1544. The spring connecting assembly 1544 includes a spring connecting piece 15441 with an H-shaped cross section and a connecting piece fixing piece 15442 mounted on the spring connecting piece 15441 to form a hook-shaped structure. Therefore, both sides of the spring connecting piece 15441 can respectively engage with the lower end of the upper rubber spring 1543 and the upper end of the lower rubber spring 1543, and hold this end, thereby connecting multiple vertically stacked rubber springs 1543 into a whole. In addition, the two ends of the whole formed by multiple rubber springs 1543 are also fixed by a spring limiting assembly 1545. The spring limiting assembly 1545 includes an L-shaped cross section, a top limiting piece 15451, a snap ring (bottom limiting piece 15452), and a positioning post 15453, which respectively fix and laterally limit the two ends of the whole and the middle of each rubber spring 1543, thereby making the overall reliability and safety of the elastic element 154 higher.

[0202] In Embodiment 1, the stacked track slab 100 serves as the middle section of the track bed, with three pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 evenly spaced throughout. In Embodiment 2, the stacked track slab 100 serves as the first transition section of the track bed, with four pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150 evenly spaced throughout. In Embodiment 3, the stacked track slab 100 serves as the second transition section of the track bed, with five pairs of stacked vibration isolators 150, and the spacing between the isolators on the side furthest from the middle section is narrower. Therefore, the stacked track slab 100 of this embodiment can be applied to track sections with different working conditions and different vibration reduction requirements, achieving a better overall vibration reduction effect and providing passengers with a better riding experience.

[0203] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate specific implementations of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the scope of the description of the above embodiments.

[0204] In the above embodiment, the length of each plate 110 is 4.69m. In an alternative embodiment, the length of the plate 110 can also be 3.5m to 4.8m, depending on actual needs.

[0205] In the above embodiment, the limiting boss 400 is a cylindrical concrete platform. Correspondingly, the two sides of the plate 110 along its length have matching semi-cylindrical limiting grooves 114. The two opposing limiting grooves 114 of two adjacent plates 110 respectively engage with a limiting boss 400, thereby achieving a lateral limiting function. In an alternative embodiment, the limiting boss 400 can also be a concrete platform of other shapes, such as a cuboid. Correspondingly, the two sides of the plate 110 along its length have matching cuboid limiting grooves 114, which can also achieve the corresponding technical effect.

[0206] In the above embodiment, the four lifting grooves 113 on the plate 111 are used for lifting. In an alternative, since the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 also has a ring of lifting steps 1514, the lifting steps 1514 of the outer sleeve 151 can also be used for lifting. Since the outer sleeve 151 used for lifting cannot be installed temporarily, an alternating installation method can be adopted, that is, using some outer sleeves 151 for lifting, installing other outer sleeves 151 after lifting, and then using the installed outer sleeves 151 for lifting. Since the lifting steps 1514 are located above the supporting steps 1513, the installed outer sleeves 151 can still be used for lifting. Using this method, the lateral space required for lifting can be reduced, thereby enabling the installation of vibration isolators in space-constrained environments.

[0207] In the above embodiment, the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 has a ring of supporting steps 1513 and a ring of lifting steps 1514, each consisting of three evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511. In an alternative embodiment, the inner wall of the outer sleeve 151 may also have two or more evenly distributed inner protrusions 1511, with the outer contours of the supporting sleeve 1541, locking shim 153, and height adjusting shim 152 matching them. During installation, rotating the elastic element 154 and height adjusting shim 152 180 / n degrees to form a supporting structure can also achieve the corresponding technical effect. With two inner protrusions 1511, the support stability of a single vibration isolator decreases slightly, but since multiple vibration isolators are embedded in the plate 111, the overall support stability can still be guaranteed.

[0208] In the above embodiment, the two ends of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 are respectively fixed inside the lower part of the support cylinder 1541 and inside the support base 1542 by the spring limiting assembly 1545. In an alternative, the two ends of the superimposed rubber spring 1543 can also be limited and fixed by other means, such as by bonding.

Claims

1. A stacked track bed slab, characterized in that, include: Plate; and Multiple stacked vibration isolators are embedded in the plate. Among them, a plurality of the superimposed vibration isolators are arranged according to a predetermined rule. Each of the aforementioned stacked vibration isolators includes an outer sleeve, an elastic element, a height adjustment shim, and a locking shim. The outer sleeve is embedded in the plate and extends through it along its length. Its inner wall has n radially protruding inner protrusions, where n ≥ 2. The elastic element includes a support cylinder, a support base, at least two rubber springs disposed inside the encapsulation structure formed by the fitting of the support cylinder and the support base, and a plurality of spring connecting assemblies. The upper end of each rubber spring has a circular positioning post groove. The spring connecting assembly is disposed between two adjacent rubber springs, connecting multiple vertically stacked rubber springs into a single unit. The height adjustment shim, the locking shim, and the upper end of the support cylinder each have n protrusions, the outer contours of which match the inner wall shape of the outer sleeve at the protrusions inside the cylinder. The spring connection assembly includes: A spring connector has an annular peripheral portion and a circular disc formed within the annular peripheral portion. The peripheral portion and the circular disc form a pair of opposing circular fitting grooves. The shape of the fitting grooves matches the end of the rubber spring. The peripheral portion has a fixing plate mounting groove, the bottom of which has a fixing member mounting hole for mounting a fixing member. The circular disc has a circular positioning post mounting hole in its center. A connector fixing plate is fitted into the fixing plate mounting groove and fixed by the fixing member. The two ends of the connector fixing plate extend toward the two fitting grooves respectively, forming a hook-like structure. The positioning post consists of two cylindrical segments, one of which has a larger diameter. The opposite ends of the two rubber springs are respectively fitted into a pair of fitting grooves of the spring connector and are held in place by the ends of the connector fixing pieces. The positioning post mounting hole is used to install the positioning post, and the cylindrical section with a larger diameter of the positioning post is embedded in the positioning post groove at the upper end of the rubber spring, thereby limiting the rubber spring laterally.

2. The superimposed track slab according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, Each of the aforementioned plates is 3.5m to 4.8m long and is used to install 8 pairs of sleepers. The predetermined arrangement rule is as follows: If the plate is used as the middle section in the track bed, then three pairs of the superimposed vibration isolators are equally spaced on the plate. If the plate is used as the first transition section in the track bed, then four pairs of superimposed vibration isolators are equally spaced on the plate. If the slab serves as the second transition section in the track bed, then five pairs of superimposed vibration isolators are installed on the slab, and on the side of the slab away from the middle section, the spacing between two adjacent pairs of superimposed vibration isolators is narrower.

3. The superimposed track slab according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The plate has multiple lifting grooves on its lower sides along its width direction for corresponding lifting equipment to lift the plate. Metal parts are pre-embedded in the lifting groove.

4. The superimposed track slab according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, Both ends of the rubber spring are circular plates with a radial indentation in the middle.

5. The superimposed track slab according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The support cylinder has multiple pin holes. The inner wall of the support base has a ring of limiting component mounting grooves. The elastic element further includes a spring limiting assembly, which has: The top limiting component is used to engage and fix the upper end of the uppermost rubber spring in the support cylinder; Multiple limiting pins are respectively fitted into the pin holes to press the top limiting member toward the upper end of the rubber spring; The bottom limiting member is fitted into the limiting member mounting groove and protrudes outward, used to engage and fix the lower end of the bottommost rubber spring in the support base.

6. A track bed, characterized in that, include: Multiple stacked track slabs, connected end to end in sequence; and Multiple limiting bosses are used to laterally limit the movement of two adjacent stacked track slabs. The superimposed track slab is the superimposed track slab as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. The track bed according to claim 6, characterized in that: in, The limiting boss is cylindrical or cuboid in shape. The superimposed track slab has two limiting grooves on both sides along its length, and the shape of the limiting grooves matches the limiting boss. The limiting bosses engage with the limiting grooves on the corresponding sides of the two adjacent stacked track slabs.

8. A construction method for track construction using the superimposed track slab as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Set a plate on the base, in which a plurality of stacked vibration isolators are fixedly embedded; Step S2-2: The slab is lifted to the predetermined construction height using a lifting device; Steps S2-3: For each outer sleeve, sequentially insert the elastic element and the corresponding height adjustment shim into the outer sleeve. The elastic element and the height adjustment shim are rotated by a predetermined angle using an adjustment tool, so that their n protrusions are located directly below the multiple inner protrusions of the outer sleeve. Step S2-4: Lower the plate using the lifting device; Step S2-5: For each outer sleeve, a locking washer is placed into the outer sleeve, and the locking washer, the height adjustment washer, and the elastic element are fixed together by a connector to form the stacked track bed slab.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Steps S2-6: The height of the upper surface of the superimposed track slab is detected by a surface height detection tool, and the upper surface is finely adjusted according to the initial elevation of each position obtained by detection and the design scheme. Step S2-7: Install a plurality of sealing strips between the two sides of the plate in the width direction and the base. In steps S2-6, when the error between the initial elevation and the predetermined elevation is greater than the predetermined value, the plate is lifted again by the lifting device, and the height adjustment shim at the corresponding position is replaced according to the error value.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, Its features are: The slab can be a precast concrete slab or a cast-in-place concrete slab. The on-site casting of the slab includes the following steps: Step S2-1-1: Set the position of the vibration isolator on the base according to the predetermined arrangement rule, and measure and adjust the position of the vibration isolator and the base elevation at the position. Step S2-1-2: Install the central drainage ditch cover and the isolation membrane on the adjusted base; Step S2-1-3: Perform a simple installation of the outer sleeve on the substrate on which the isolation membrane is installed, and fix the plane of the outer sleeve on the substrate by means of a positioning plate; Step S2-1-4: Install fasteners on the base using a support frame, and perform coarse adjustment of the track geometry using a tool rail; Step S2-1-5: Install the steel reinforcement frame for casting the slab according to the design drawings; Step S2-1-6: Install the plate template on the base; Step S2-1-7: Fine-tune the geometry of the track using the tool rail; Step S2-1-8: Concrete is poured into the steel frame and the slab formwork to form the slab with the outer sleeve pre-embedded.

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