A vibration-damping fastener

Abstract

The present application relates to rail damping fastener, the damping fastener includes upper iron fender and lower iron fater and the anchor bolt is set with the socket structure that can realize the elastic support of upper iron fender to make upper iron fender float on the upper iron fender and lower iron fender between, the socket structure includes a pair of socket groove and socket platform, socket platform is inserted with socket groove and is set with the elastomer between socket platform and socket groove at least covering the circumferential surface of socket platform, the socket platform and elastomer cooperation face and socket groove and elastomer cooperation face all have at least a pair of oppositely arranged and support stress obliquely upward inclined surface;Still include the pre-tightening structure for adjusting the distance between upper iron fender and lower iron fender changes the pre-tightening force of elastomer;The elastomer in the fastener is not bonded with iron fender, so that the replacement of elastomer can be realized, and the rigidity of elastomer can be adjusted by the pre-tightening structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit, in particular to a rail damping fastener. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rail damping fastener is used for fixing and supporting the rail. The traditional damping fastener is a single iron pad damping fastener. The rail is placed on the iron pad and fixed by elastic strips. The fastener is fixed on the sleeper. The damping pad is arranged between the rail and the iron pad to achieve the damping of the rail. Since the damping mode is achieved by extruding the damping pad to realize the elastic deformation to achieve the damping purpose, the extrusion of the damping pad is generally made of rubber material, and the rigidity is greatly reduced, and the damping effect is not good. Therefore, in the 1960s, a Cologne egg damping fastener was applied in Cologne subway in Germany. The Cologne egg damping fastener is composed of two iron pads. The lower iron pad is used for connecting the sleeper and is fixed. The lower iron pad is provided with an oval groove. The inner wall of the groove is provided with a rubber ring. The upper iron pad is embedded in the groove and supported by the rubber ring to form a floating state of the upper iron pad. The rail is clamped on the upper iron pad. The rubber ring is bonded together with the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad by vulcanization process. When the train passes through the upper iron pad to generate vertical displacement, the rubber is sheared with the lower iron pad. The shear deformation rigidity of the rubber is much smaller than the extrusion deformation, and the damping effect is better. In the book "Ballastless Track Rail Fastener" published by Southwest Jiaotong University Press, pages 102-106, the fastener is introduced. A similar Cologne egg damping fastener developed in Japan is also introduced. The damping structure is arranged on both sides of the fastener in the form of double egg by referring to the structure of the Cologne egg. However, the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad still need to be bonded together by the rubber ring to realize the shear deformation of the rubber ring in the damping process. There are similar damping fasteners in China. However, due to the defects in the process, the service life is not enough. The most common problem is that the glue is separated, which causes the upper iron pad to lose the restraint force and causes serious hidden dangers. Moreover, the rubber ring in the existing Cologne egg fastener cannot adjust the rigidity. If different rigidity requirements are required, different rigidity rubbers need to be selected for production. SUMMARY

[0003] In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the present application provides a Cologne egg damping fastener which does not need to bond the rubber ring with the upper and lower iron pads and ensures the stable work of the upper iron pad, and the rigidity of the rubber ring is controllable. The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0004] The application discloses a damping fastener, which comprises an upper iron base plate, a lower iron base plate and an anchoring bolt for fixing the damping fastener to a sleeper, a through hole and a via hole for the anchoring bolt are arranged on the lower iron base plate and the upper iron base plate respectively, a clamping member for clamping a rail is arranged on the upper iron base plate, and a lower rail base plate is arranged at the bottom of the rail, an insulating buffer pad is arranged at the bottom of the lower iron base plate, a socket structure capable of elastically supporting the upper iron base plate and making the upper iron base plate float on the lower iron base plate is arranged between the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate, the socket structure comprises a pair of socket grooves and a socket platform, the socket platform is in a socket fit with the socket grooves, an elastic body is sleeved on the socket platform and covers at least the circumferential surface of the socket platform between the socket platform and the socket grooves, and the fit surface of the socket platform and the elastic body and the fit surface of the socket grooves and the elastic body are both provided with at least one pair of opposite inclined surfaces which are supported and subjected to stress in a slanting direction; and a pre-tightening structure for adjusting the distance between the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate and changing the pre-tightening force of the elastic body is further arranged.

[0005] Further, the pre-tightening structure comprises a guide sleeve which is sleeved on the anchoring bolt, can pass through the via hole and has a length greater than the length of the via hole.

[0006] Further, the pre-tightening structure comprises a convex ring which is arranged at the edge of the through hole and can pass through the via hole.

[0007] Further, the height of the convex ring is greater than the length of the via hole.

[0008] Further, a guide sleeve which can pass through the via hole and has a length greater than the length of the via hole is sleeved on the convex ring.

[0009] Further, the socket platform is arranged on the lower iron base plate, and the socket groove is arranged on the upper iron base plate.

[0010] Further, the pre-tightening structure comprises a pre-tightening bolt, a pre-tightening nut, a spring and a pressing block, the pre-tightening bolt is arranged on the socket platform in a rotation-preventing mode, the pre-tightening nut is threadedly connected to the pre-tightening bolt, the pressing block is pressed on the top edge of the socket groove, and the spring is sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt and arranged between the pre-tightening bolt and the pressing block.

[0011] Further, a T-shaped slot for mounting the pre-tightening bolt is arranged on the socket platform, and a buckle which can be clamped on both sides of the socket platform is further sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt.

[0012] Further, the socket platform is arranged on the upper iron base plate, and the socket groove is arranged on the lower iron base plate.

[0013] Further, the included angle between each inclined surface and the vertical plane is 20±5°.

[0014] Further, a plate lower pad is arranged between the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad.

[0015] Further, a sink groove is arranged on the lower iron pad for embedding the plate lower pad.

[0016] Further, the insulating buffer pad is wrapped on the bottom of the lower iron pad.

[0017] Further, the clamping member comprises a π-shaped pressing block and a clamping bolt.

[0018] Further, the clamping member comprises a spring strip seat, an e-shaped spring strip, and a gauge block.

[0019] Further, the clamping member comprises a spring strip seat, a w-shaped spring strip, a clamping bolt, and a gauge block.

[0020] The damping fastener of the present application has the excellent damping effect of the Cologne egg fastener, and the elastic body is not bonded with the iron pad, so that the replacement of the elastic body can be realized, the manufacturing difficulty is reduced, and the replacement of the elastic body can be realized, and the rigidity of the elastic body can be adjusted through the pre-tightening structure, so that the track with more technical requirements can be applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment 1 of the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an upper iron pad and a lower iron pad of the embodiment 1 of the present application, wherein (a) is the upper iron pad, and (b) is the lower iron pad;

[0024] Figure 4 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the embodiment 2 of the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of an upper iron pad and a lower iron pad of the embodiment 2 of the present application, wherein (a) is the upper iron pad, and (b) is the lower iron pad;

[0027] Figure 7 Fig. 9 is a partial sectional view of a socket, a socket groove, and an elastic member in an assembled state of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2;

[0028] Figure 8 Fig. 10 is a partial schematic diagram of a pre-tightening structure with a convex ring, wherein (a) is an un-locked state of an anchoring bolt, and (b) is a locked state of the anchoring bolt;

[0029] Figure 9 Figure 1 is a partial schematic view of the pre-tightening structure for the guide sleeve, wherein (a) is the anchor bolt in the unlocked state, and (b) is the anchor bolt in the locked state;

[0030] Figure 10 Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of the pre-tightening structure on the socket platform;

[0031] Wherein: 1, upper iron pad; 2, lower iron pad; 3, anchor bolt; 5, through hole; 6, via hole; 7, rail bottom pad; 8, insulating buffer pad; 9, socket groove; 10, socket platform; 11, elastic body; 12, guide sleeve; 13, protruding ring; 14, pre-tightening bolt; 15, pre-tightening nut; 16, spring; 17, pressing block; 18, T-shaped groove; 19, buckle; 20, pad bottom pad; 21, sunken groove; 22, elastic strip seat; 23, e-shaped elastic strip; 24, gauge block; 25, w-shaped elastic strip; 26, buckling bolt; 27, buffer sheet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present application, the damping fastener will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 , 4, 5, the damping fastener comprises an upper iron pad 1 and a lower iron pad 2 and an anchor bolt for fixing the damping fastener to the sleeper, and the lower iron pad and the upper iron pad 1 are respectively provided with a through hole 5 and a via hole 6 for the anchor bolt 3 to pass through, in order to avoid rigid contact between the lower iron pad 2 and the sleeper, an insulating buffer pad 8 is arranged at the bottom of the lower iron pad 2, which can not only play a buffering effect but also effectively prevent the corrosion of stray current on the fastener and the sleeper, therefore, in order to improve the insulation effect, the insulating buffer pad 8 can be further wrapped at the bottom of the lower iron pad 2. Similarly, since the steel rail is arranged on the upper iron pad 1, in order to avoid rigid contact between the steel rail and the upper iron pad 1, a rail bottom pad 7 is arranged between the steel rail and the upper iron pad 1, which has elasticity and plays a certain buffering and damping effect.

[0034] A buckling member is arranged on the upper iron pad 1, and the rail bottom of the steel rail is constrained by the buckling member after the steel rail is arranged on the upper iron pad 1, as shown in Figure 1 The buckling member comprises an elastic strip seat 22 arranged on the upper iron pad 1, an e-shaped elastic strip 23 arranged on the elastic strip seat 22, and a gauge block 24 buckled on the edge of the rail bottom of the steel rail for adjusting the gauge. Figure 1 Only one embodiment is given, and the buckling member can also be as shown in Figure 4The w-shaped elastic strip 25 shown cooperates with the buckle bolt 26 to constrain the rail, or the π-shaped pressing block cooperates with the buckle bolt to constrain the rail, and other conventional buckle members are also applicable to the fastener.

[0035] In order to enable the upper iron pad 1 to be in a floating state and to achieve good damping effect when the upper iron pad moves longitudinally, a socket structure is arranged between the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6 The socket structure of the embodiment shown includes a pair of socket grooves 9 arranged on the upper iron pad 1 and a pair of socket platforms 10 arranged on the lower iron pad 2, the socket platforms 10 and the socket grooves 9 are arranged on both sides of the rail respectively, and the socket platforms 10 and the socket grooves 9 are in socket cooperation, as shown in Figure 1 、 2 , 4, 5, 7, an elastic body 11 is sleeved on the socket platform 10, the elastic body 11 is sleeved on the socket platform 10 and arranged between the socket platform 10 and the socket groove 9, so that the inner wall of the socket groove 9 and the outer wall of the socket platform 10 are not in contact, the end of the socket groove 9 is selectively provided with an opening, and of course a closed structure can also be adopted, when the closed structure is adopted, the end of the socket groove 9 is avoided from contacting the socket platform 10, sufficient space needs to be reserved, the elastic body 11 is preferably wrapped in the circumferential direction of the socket platform 10, and of course the elastic body 11 can be completely wrapped on the socket platform 10 (since the circumferential elastic body will produce a certain compression deformation on the top elastic body when shearing deformation occurs, and thus a certain influence on the shearing deformation will be produced, in order to eliminate this influence, the circumferential wrapping structure should be adopted as much as possible), when the elastic body 11 is completely wrapped on the socket platform 10 and the end of the socket groove 9 is in a closed structure, sufficient space also needs to be reserved between the end of the socket groove 9 and the elastic body 11, so as to avoid the top of the socket groove 9 from pressing on the elastic body 11 to form compression deformation of the elastic body 11 when the upper iron pad 1 sinks. In order to enable the upper iron pad 1 to be in a floating state on the upper iron pad 1 and to achieve good damping effect, as shown in Figure 7The shown need makes the matching surface of the elastic body 11 and the socket base 10 and the matching surface of the socket groove 9 and the elastic body 11 form at least one pair of oppositely arranged and supporting oblique surfaces that are inclined upward, i.e. the matching surfaces a1 and a2 of the socket base 10 and the elastic body 11 are both arranged obliquely, the supporting forces f1 and f2 formed by the matching surfaces a1 and a2 on the elastic body 11 are respectively located on both sides of the socket base 10 and are inclined upward, and similarly, the matching surfaces a3 and a4 of the elastic body 11 and the socket groove 9 are both arranged obliquely, the supporting forces f3 and f4 formed by the matching surfaces a3 and a4 on the socket groove 9 are respectively located on both sides of the socket base and are inclined upward, and the supporting forces formed by the above structure can make the upper tie plate 1 be floatingly arranged on the lower tie plate 2. When the upper tie plate 1 produces vertical displacement, the frictional forces generated by the matching surfaces a1 and a2 and the frictional forces generated by the matching surfaces a3 and a4 are in opposite directions, thereby forming a shearing force on the elastic body 11. Since the elastic body 11 is generally made of rubber or other materials, its shearing deformation rigidity is small, thereby being able to provide good damping when the upper tie plate 1 produces vertical displacement. Although according to the strict sense, when the upper tie plate 1 produces displacement in the vertical direction, the elastic body 11 not only has shearing deformation, but also has certain extrusion deformation, in order to be able to reduce the influence of the extrusion deformation with larger rigidity on damping, the included angle of the matching surfaces a1 and a2 and a3 and a4 with the vertical plane should be selected as 20±5°. If the included angle is too small, the frictional force is too small to form shearing deformation or the shearing deformation is small, and if the included angle is too large, the deformation is mainly compression deformation, thereby leading to large rigidity and reducing damping effect. Of course, on the basis of this embodiment, we can further expand the form of each contact surface, such as forming an inclined surface for support on only one side. Although single-sided inclined arrangement can also form support and can form shearing on the elastic body 11 when the upper tie plate produces vertical displacement, since the shearing force area is small on only one side, although the rigidity is reduced, the service life of the elastic body is reduced. Therefore, it is better to adopt the form of both-sided matching surfaces forming support, or more preferably, the socket base 10 adopts a circular conical or elliptical conical form, and the socket groove 9 adopts a circular conical or elliptical conical form, so that when the upper tie plate produces vertical displacement, the elastic body is sheared in the circumferential direction. Similarly, the socket base 10 and the socket groove 9 can also be arranged in a polygonal structure, so that they are effectively supported and sheared on each surface. The socket structure not only can realize the above functions, but also can effectively resist lateral forces. When the rail is subjected to lateral force and transmits it to the upper tie plate 1, the upper tie plate 1 produces lateral displacement, at this time the socket groove 9 extrudes the elastic body 11, thereby effectively resisting the lateral force. Since the lateral force is almost in the direction of vertically compressing the elastic body 11 due to the small inclination angle of the matching surface, and the elastic body 11 can provide good rigidity when being compressed, it is just needed to resist the lateral force in terms of rigidity. Just as Figure 3 and Figure 6The two sides of the given socket base 10 are flat and face the lateral force directly, the elastic body 11 has a large stress area and can provide better stiffness, and under the action of lateral force, the elastic body 11 on the side of the socket base 10 under stress can be further extruded to improve the resistance to lateral force. Therefore, in order to be able to provide better resistance to lateral force, the lateral stress area also needs to be considered. The socket base 10 given in this embodiment has a larger stress area on the lateral stress surface, which can better resist lateral force. If it is set as a circular cone or an elliptical cone or a polygonal structure, the lateral stress area will inevitably be reduced; in order to be able to provide better shear deformation of the elastic body 11 and have enough compression deformation area in the lateral direction, the optimal solution should increase the volume of the socket base 10, so that its cross section is rectangular, enough area is provided for compression deformation in the lateral direction, and enough shear deformation is provided in the longitudinal direction. However, this structure will increase the volume of the entire fastener, so when setting the socket structure, the shape and structure of the socket base 10 and the socket groove 9 should be selected reasonably according to the actual situation.

[0036] Because the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2 in this structure are no longer bonded together by the elastic body 11, it is necessary to limit the upper limit of the floating of the upper iron pad 1 to avoid the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2 from being separated, and at the same time, enough pre-tightening force should be provided for the elastic body 11, which can firmly limit the elastic body 11 between the socket base 10 and the socket groove 9, but cannot compress the elastic body 11 too much to avoid the elastic body 11 from being unable to shear and compress, so a pre-tightening structure for limiting the upper iron pad and adjusting the distance between the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2 to change the pre-tightening force of the elastic body 11 is also provided in this fastener.

[0037] The pre-tightening structure includes a convex ring 13 provided at the position of the through hole 5 of the lower iron pad 2 for the anchor bolt 3 to pass through, as shown in Figure 3 and 6 The convex ring 13 can also pass into the via hole 6 of the upper iron pad 1, and the height of the convex ring 13 is greater than the length of the via hole 6, as shown in Figure 8 When the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2 are initially assembled in place and the elastic body 11 is not pre-tightened, the convex ring 13 is already in the via hole 6, but the end of the convex ring 13 is still a certain distance from the upper end of the via hole 6, as shown in Figure 8(b) The lower iron pad 2 is moved downward by screwing the anchor bolt 3, so that the top of the convex ring 13 extends out of the through hole and the anchor bolt 3 is locked on the convex ring 13. In this process, the elastic body 11 is pre-pressed during the process of the upper iron pad 1 descending. On one hand, the elastic body 11 is directly sheared during the process of the upper iron pad 1 floating, on the other hand, the different height of the convex ring 13 can provide different pre-tightening force to change the stiffness of the elastic body 11. Since the anchor bolt 3 is locked by the convex ring 13, the distance between the upper iron pad 1 and the end of the anchor bolt 3 is constantly changing during the process of the upper iron pad 1 floating, but it does not affect the locking state of the anchor bolt 3, nor can it damage the locking effect of the anchor bolt. Of course, since the upper iron pad 1 will touch the anchor bolt 3 during the process of the upper iron pad 1 floating, the anchor bolt 3 will be loosened due to the constant impact, so special attention should be paid to the anti-loosening treatment of the anchor bolt 3. On the other hand, it is best to set a buffer piece 27 between the upper iron pad 1 and the end of the anchor bolt 3 to reduce the impact of the upper iron pad 1 on the anchor bolt. Since the upper iron pad 1 is easy to cause friction between the through hole 6 and the convex ring 13 during the process of the upper iron pad 1 floating, in order to reduce the friction and provide good guidance, a guide sleeve 12 is set between the convex ring 13 and the through hole.

[0038] Since the pre-pressed distance of the upper iron pad 1 by the anchor bolt 3 in the above structure is limited by the height of the convex ring 13, and the height of the convex ring 13 cannot be adjusted, the following provides a pre-tightening structure that can further adjust the distance between the upper iron pad 1 and the lower iron pad 2 to adjust the stiffness of the elastic body 11 without being limited by the height of the convex ring 13.

[0039] On the basis of the above convex ring 13, such as Figure 10The shown pre-tightening assembly provides a pre-tightening force that can be adjusted as needed, which includes a pre-tightening bolt 14, a pre-tightening nut 15, a spring 16, and a pressing block 17. The pre-tightening bolt 14 is arranged on the top of the socket base 10, the pressing block 17 is sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt 14, the pre-tightening nut 15 is threadedly connected on the pre-tightening bolt 14, and the spring 16 is sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt 14 between the pre-tightening nut 15 and the pressing block 17. When the pre-tightening nut 15 is screwed, the pressure of the spring 16 is transmitted to the pressing block 17, and the pressing block 17 provides a downward pressure on the edge of the socket groove 9, thereby pre-tightening the elastic body 11. By adjusting the compression amount of the spring 16, the pre-tightening force can be adjusted. In this structure, not only can the spring 16 be used to adjust the pre-tightening force of the elastic body 11, but when the pre-tightening structure of this embodiment is used to further pre-tighten the elastic body 11, since the anchor bolt 3 is in a locked position, the upper iron pad 1 further sinks through the pre-tightening structure to generate a gap between the upper iron pad 1 and the anchor bolt 3. During the rebounding process of the upper iron pad 1, the spring 16 can also have the same buffering effect as the buffer piece, reducing the impact force of the upper iron pad 1 on the anchor bolt 3 and preventing the anchor bolt 3 from loosening. In this structure, a T-shaped groove 18 is arranged on the socket base 10 to install the pre-tightening bolt 14. The T-shaped groove 18 can prevent the pre-tightening bolt 14 from rotating, but it cannot prevent the pre-tightening bolt 14 from moving in the transverse direction. Therefore, a buckle 19 is sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt 14 in this embodiment structure, and the buckle 19 is clamped on both sides of the socket base 10 to prevent the pre-tightening bolt 14 from moving. Of course, the pre-tightening bolt 14 can also be directly welded or fixed to the socket base 10 by other means.

[0040] The pre-tightening structure can also be as follows Figure 9The structure shown replaces the convex ring 13 with a guide sleeve 12. The guide sleeve 12 is fitted onto the anchor bolt 3 and passes through the through hole 6. In this structure, the length of the guide sleeve 12 is greater than the length of the through hole 6. Different preload forces on the elastic body 11 can be achieved by replacing the guide sleeve 12 with different lengths. That is, when the anchor bolt 3 is tightened until the guide sleeve 12 is pressed against the lower iron pad 2, locking is achieved. Since the length of the guide sleeve 12 is different, the sinking height of the upper iron pad 1 can be changed, thereby changing the preload force. Of course, this preload structure can also be implemented with the convex ring 13 and the preload assembly described above. When the guide sleeve 12 is used for preload warning in conjunction with the convex ring 13, it is different from the structure of preload using the convex ring 13. In this case, the guide sleeve 12 plays the role of locking the height, so the length of the guide sleeve 12 is greater than the length of the convex ring 13. However, when the convex ring 13 is used to achieve height locking as mentioned above, the length of the guide sleeve 12 is less than the convex ring 13, and the guide sleeve 12 only plays a protective role. Generally speaking, when using the guide sleeve 12 as the pre-tightening structure, the convex ring 13 structure can be eliminated. However, in order to reduce the shearing effect of the lateral force of the upper iron pad 1 on the anchor bolt 3, it is best to retain the convex ring 13 structure. The convex ring 13 bears the lateral force of the upper iron pad 1, thereby reducing the lateral force on the anchor bolt 3.

[0041] Because the elastomer 11 suffers fatigue damage due to prolonged shearing and compression deformation, traditional fasteners, such as those with a cloning egg structure, cannot be repaired once damaged. However, in this technical solution, the elastomer 11 is not bonded to the upper iron plate 1 and the lower iron plate 2. Therefore, if the elastomer 11 is damaged, it can be directly replaced. This prevents damage from going undetected and reducing the vibration damping effect of the fastener. Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a lower plate pad 20 is also provided between the upper plate pad 1 and the lower plate pad 2 as a protective measure. The lower plate pad 20 does not contact the bottom of the upper plate pad 1 and does not function under normal use of the fastener. Only when the upper plate pad 1 is overloaded or the elastic body 11 is damaged and cannot provide support, does the lower plate pad 20 provide support to the upper plate pad, thus buffering and damping vibration and preventing direct collision between the upper plate pad 1 and the lower plate pad 2. Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, a recess 21 for fixing the lower plate 20 is also provided on the lower iron plate 2, and the lower plate 20 is installed by embedding it into the recess.

[0042] In addition to the above embodiments, the selection of the position of the socket 10 and the socket 9 is not limited to the above two embodiments. The positions of the socket 10 and the socket 9 can be interchanged, that is, the socket 10 is set on the upper iron pad 1 and the socket 9 is set on the lower iron pad 2. Such a structure can still achieve the above effect, but water will accumulate in the socket 9, which is detrimental to the elastomer 11. Therefore, the preferred choice should refer to the above two embodiments to set the position of the socket 10 and the socket 9.

Claims

1. A vibration damping fastener, comprising an upper rail pad (1) and a lower rail pad (2) and anchor bolts (3) for fixing the vibration damping fastener to a sleeper, wherein the lower rail pad (2) and the upper rail pad (1) are respectively provided with through holes (5) and through holes (6) for the anchor bolts (3) to pass through, the upper rail pad (1) is provided with a clamping member for clamping the rail and a rail under-pad (7) placed at the bottom of the rail, and an insulating buffer pad (8) is provided at the bottom of the lower rail pad (2), characterized in that: A socket structure is provided between the upper iron pad (1) and the lower iron pad (2) to provide elastic support for the upper iron pad (1) so that the upper iron pad (1) floats above the lower iron pad (2). The socket structure includes a pair of socket slots (9) and a socket platform (10). The socket platform (10) is engaged with the socket slots (9), and an elastic body (11) is sleeved on the socket platform (10) and placed between the socket platform (10) and the socket slots (9), at least covering the circumferential surface of the socket platform (10). The mating surfaces of the socket platform (10) and the elastic body (11) and the socket slots (9) and the elastic body (11) each have at least a pair of opposite inclined surfaces that are inclined upwards to support the force. It also includes a mechanism for adjusting the distance between the upper iron pad (1) and the lower iron pad (2) to change the effect on the elastic body. 11) Pre-tightening structure for pre-compression force; the pre-tightening structure includes a guide sleeve (12) that is sleeved on the anchor bolt (3) and can pass through the through hole (6) and has a length greater than the length of the through hole (6); the socket (10) is set on the lower iron pad (2), and the socket (9) is set on the upper iron pad (1); the pre-tightening structure includes a pre-tightening bolt (14), a pre-tightening nut (15), a spring (16) and a pressure block (17), the pre-tightening bolt (14) is anti-rotation set on the socket (10), the pre-tightening nut (15) is threaded on the pre-tightening bolt (14), the pressure block (17) presses against the top edge of the socket (9), and the spring (16) is sleeved on the pre-tightening bolt (14) and placed between the pre-tightening bolt (14) and the pressure block (17).

2. The vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-tightening structure includes a convex ring (13) disposed at the edge of the through hole (5) and capable of passing through the through hole (6).

3. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 2, characterized in that: Furthermore, the height of the convex ring (13) is greater than the length of the through hole.

4. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: A guide sleeve (12) is fitted on the convex ring (13) so as to pass through the through hole (6) and have a length greater than that of the through hole (6).

5. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The socket (10) is provided with a T-slot (18) for installing a pre-tightening bolt (14), and the pre-tightening bolt (14) is also provided with a buckle (19) that can be clamped on both sides of the socket (10).

6. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The socket (10) is set on the upper iron pad (1), and the socket (9) is set on the lower iron pad (2).

7. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The angle between the inclined plane and the vertical plane is 20±5°.

8. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lower plate pad (20) is provided between the upper iron pad (1) and the lower iron pad (2), and the lower plate pad (20) does not contact the bottom of the upper iron pad (1).

9. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that: A groove (21) for the plate under plate (20) to be embedded is provided on the lower iron pad (2).

10. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating buffer pad (8) covers the bottom of the lower iron pad (2).

11. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping component includes a π-shaped clamping block and a clamping bolt.

12. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping components include a spring clip seat, an E-type spring clip, and a gauge block.

13. A vibration damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping components include a spring clip seat, a W-shaped spring clip, a clamping bolt, and a gauge block.

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