Slope support device for open pit mining

Abstract

The application relates to a slope supporting device for open-pit mining, which comprises a reinforcing mesh and an anchor rod, the reinforcing mesh is laid on a mine slope, the anchor rod is embedded in the mine slope, a backstabbing plate is arranged on the anchor rod, a first hole is arranged on the anchor rod, the first hole is arranged along the length direction of the anchor rod, one end of the backstabbing plate is hinged to the anchor rod, a hinge shaft is located in the first hole and at the end of the first hole close to the front end of the anchor rod; the cross section of the backstabbing plate gradually increases in the direction away from the front end of the anchor rod, the maximum length of the backstabbing plate does not exceed the length of the first hole, two backstabbing plates and the first hole are symmetrically arranged on the anchor rod, a jacking assembly is arranged between the adjacent backstabbing plates, and the jacking assembly is used for driving the backstabbing plate to swing in the direction of the inside or outside of the anchor rod; a positioning plate is fixed to the tail end of the anchor rod, a safety hook is arranged on the positioning plate, and the safety hook is used for detachably connecting the anchor rod and the reinforcing mesh. The application has the effects of facilitating the recycling of the anchor rod supporting structure and ensuring the fixing degree between the anchor rod and the mine slope after fixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of mining machinery and equipment, and in particular to a slope support device for open-pit mining. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, open-pit mining involves stripping away the topsoil and surrounding rock covering the ore body, transporting the waste rock to a spoil heap, and directly extracting ore from the exposed ore body. When the ore body is shallowly buried or has surface outcrops, open-pit mining is superior to underground mining. The work of stripping away the topsoil and rock is called stripping. The ratio of the amount of stripped rock and rock to the amount of ore extracted is called the stripping ratio. Open-pit mines with excessively high stripping ratios have high costs and should switch to underground mining methods.

[0003] With the expansion of infrastructure, open-pit mining has gradually increased. During mining operations, the slopes of open-pit mines are subjected to weathering and rainwater erosion over long periods. Furthermore, in continuously operating mines, slopes are also affected by blasting vibrations and rock movement. Therefore, in open-pit mines, slopes are highly susceptible to landslides, and slope instability can easily lead to large-scale landslides, posing a significant threat to the lives of workers.

[0004] Existing slope protection methods often use anchor bolts combined with steel mesh. To enhance the fixing effect between the anchor bolts and the slope, concrete is poured into the anchor bolts after they are inserted into the slope, thereby strengthening the fixing effect between the anchor bolts and the slope.

[0005] In actual construction, open-pit mine slopes have the characteristics of permanent and temporary slopes. The corresponding support structures should also include permanent support structures and recyclable support structures. The inventors found that the support structure method of anchor bolts combined with grouting concrete cannot be recycled, while the lack of grouting concrete has the defect of weak fixing effect between anchor bolts and mine slope. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to facilitate the recycling of the anchor support structure and ensure the fixing effect between the anchor and the mine slope, this application provides a slope support device for open-pit mining.

[0007] This application provides a slope support device for open-pit mining, employing the following technical solution:

[0008] An open-pit mine slope support device includes a steel mesh and anchor bolts. The steel mesh is laid on the mine slope, and the anchor bolts are embedded in the slope. Each anchor bolt has a barbed plate and a first hole along its length. One end of the barbed plate is hinged to the anchor bolt, with the hinge axis located within the first hole and at the end of the hole closest to the front end of the anchor bolt. The cross-section of the barbed plate gradually increases in the direction away from the front end of the anchor bolt, and the maximum length of the barbed plate does not exceed the length of the first hole. Two barbed plates and two first holes are symmetrically arranged on each anchor bolt. A lifting assembly is provided between adjacent barbed plates to drive the barbed plates to swing inward or outward from the anchor bolt. A positioning plate is fixed to the tail end of the anchor bolt, and a safety hook is provided on the positioning plate for detachable connection between the anchor bolt and the steel mesh.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, anchor bolts, together with steel mesh, support the mine slope. The anchor bolts are inserted into the mine slope, and the jacking component pushes the barbed plate away from the anchor bolt, so that part of the barbed plate is located outside the anchor bolt, thus forming barbs on the anchor bolt. This makes it difficult for the anchor bolt to be pulled away from the mine slope, thereby ensuring the firmness of the anchor bolt after it is inserted into the mine slope. When it is necessary to retrieve the anchor bolt, the jacking component is used again to retract the part of the barbed plate located outside the anchor bolt into the anchor bolt, thus facilitating the retrieval of the anchor bolt.

[0010] Optionally, the lifting assembly includes a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, a push rod, and a wire rope. One end of the first connecting rod is hinged to one of the anti-barb plates, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod. The end of the second connecting rod away from the first connecting rod is hinged to the other anti-barb plate. One end of the wire rope is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod and is arranged along the length of the anchor bolt. The other end of the wire rope is detachably connected to the positioning plate. The first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are collinear, and when the anchor bolt is disposed, the sum of the effective lengths of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is not less than the inner diameter of the anchor bolt. The push rod is inserted into the anchor bolt along the length of the anchor bolt.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the push rod and the wire rope ensure that the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are collinear, thereby pushing the two anti-barb plates outward of the anchor rod.

[0012] Optionally, a ring is fixed on the wire rope, and a second hole is provided on the positioning plate; when the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are collinear, the wire rope slides into the second hole and the ring abuts against the side wall of the positioning plate away from the front end of the anchor rod.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the hinge shaft of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod is pulled towards the tail end of the anchor rod, and the pulled ring is placed on the side wall of the positioning plate away from the front end of the anchor rod to avoid the pull position retraction. The ring is set to facilitate the pulling of the wire rope.

[0014] Optionally, the positioning plate has a groove located on the side of the positioning plate away from the front end of the anchor rod, and the ring is embedded in the groove.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to avoid the ring from dislodging from the positioning plate due to vibration, the ring is embedded in the groove, thus ensuring the position of the wire rope is maintained after being pulled.

[0016] Optionally, a first round rod, a second round rod, and a spring are provided between the safety hook and the positioning plate. The safety hook is located on the side of the positioning plate away from the groove. One end of the first round rod is fixedly connected to the safety hook, and the other end passes through the positioning plate and is fixedly connected to one end of the second round rod. The first round rod passes through the positioning plate at the bottom of the groove. The second round rod is arranged across the groove. The spring is looped on the outer wall of the first round rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the safety hook, and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning plate.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the ring is embedded in the groove while the second round rod passes through the ring, which limits the ring and fixes the wire mesh and the safety hook. When the wire mesh is pulled, it will pull the safety hook to move. At this time, the second round rod will be pulled closer to the groove, which further enhances the stability of the ring placed in the groove.

[0018] Optionally, a protrusion is fixed on the first connecting rod. The protrusion is arranged along the length of the first connecting rod and is located close to the second connecting rod. The protrusion is located on the side of the first connecting rod away from the positioning plate. When the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are collinear, the protrusion abuts against the side wall of the second connecting rod away from the positioning plate.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the protrusion limits the direction of relative bending of the first link and the second link, and also ensures that the first link and the second link will not bend excessively towards the end of the anchor rod.

[0020] Optionally, the inner wall of the anchor rod is provided with a sliding groove, which is opened along the length direction of the anchor rod. The hinge shaft ends of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are located in the sliding groove and slide along the length direction of the sliding groove. When the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod are collinear, the hinge shafts of the first connecting rod and the second connecting rod abut against the groove wall near the tail end of the anchor rod.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the design of the chute ensures the stable sliding of the first and second links, as well as their relative bending. The limitation on the length of the chute also prevents the first and second links from bending excessively towards the tail end of the anchor bolt.

[0022] Optionally, the first round rod is positioned directly opposite the second hole at the point where it passes through the groove, and the diameter of the second round rod is smaller than the diameter of the second hole.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, when the second round rod limits the ring, the more the steel mesh pulls the safety hook, the more stable the second round rod can be in the second hole, thus providing multiple limits on the stability of the ring.

[0024] Optionally, a support frame is fixed to the tail end of the anchor rod, and a positioning plate is fixed on the support frame. The support frame is used to create a distance between the positioning plate and the end face of the tail end of the anchor rod.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the existence of the support frame makes it easy for workers to hook and fix a part of the steel mesh to the safety hook, and makes it easy for people to operate the safety hook.

[0026] Optionally, the method also includes a push rod with a positioning piece fixed on it, the positioning piece being used to prevent the center line of the push rod from coinciding with the center line of the anchor rod.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the presence of the positioning plate facilitates the push rod to push the first and second connecting rods into a bent state, thereby facilitating the recovery of the anchor rod.

[0028] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0029] 1. The lifting component pushes the barb plate away from the anchor bolt, so that part of the barb plate is located outside the anchor bolt, thus forming barbs on the anchor bolt. This makes it difficult for the anchor bolt to be pulled away from the mine slope, thereby ensuring the firmness of the anchor bolt after it is inserted into the mine slope.

[0030] 2. The lifting component can also retract the anti-barb plate into the anchor bolt, thus facilitating the recovery of the anchor bolt from the mine slope;

[0031] 3. The location of the safety hook, along with the first round rod, the second round rod, and the spring, allows the steel mesh to pull on the safety hook, making the second round rod more firmly positioned to limit the ring. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the part supporting the component;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of the support frame;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at the groove.

[0036] In the diagram, 1 is the anchor bolt; 11 is the first hole; 12 is the groove; 2 is the anti-barb plate; 3 is the lifting assembly; 31 is the first connecting rod; 32 is the second connecting rod; 33 is the push rod; 34 is the wire rope; 4 is the positioning plate; 41 is the second hole; 42 is the groove; 5 is the ring; 6 is the safety hook; 61 is the first round rod; 62 is the second round rod; 63 is the spring; 7 is the protrusion; 8 is the support frame; 81 is the reinforcing bar; 82 is the ring; and 9 is the positioning plate. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0038] This application discloses a slope support device for open-pit mining.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 An open-pit mine slope protection device includes anchor bolts 1 and steel mesh. Anchor bolts 1 are inserted and fixed on the mine slope, and steel mesh is laid on the mine slope. The area of ​​the steel mesh near the anchor bolts 1 is detachably connected to the steel mesh, thereby forming protection for the open-pit mine slope. The steel mesh is not shown in the figure.

[0040] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Anchor rod 1 has a first hole 11, and two holes 11 are symmetrically distributed on the anchor rod 1, with the first hole 11 extending along the length of the anchor rod 1. Anchor rod 1 is provided with barbed plates 2, the number of which corresponds to the number of the first holes 11. One end of each barbed plate 2 is rotatably connected to the anchor rod 1, with the rotating shaft positioned perpendicular to the length of the anchor rod 1. The rotating shaft is located within the first hole 11, near the end of the first hole 11 closest to the front end of the anchor rod 1. The cross-sectional area of ​​the barbed plates 2 gradually increases towards the rear end of the anchor rod 1. In this embodiment, the barbed plates 2 are equilateral triangular in shape, ensuring that the barbed plates 2, whether in their retracted or unfolded state, block the first hole 11, preventing slag and gravel from clogging the first hole 11 and providing a guarantee for subsequent retraction of the barbed plates 2.

[0041] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2An anchor bolt 1 is internally equipped with a lifting assembly 3, which includes a first connecting rod 31, a second connecting rod 32, a wire rope 34, and a push rod 33. Each part of the anchor bolt 1 has a groove 12, with two grooves 12 symmetrically distributed adjacent to each other. The length of the grooves 12 is along the length of the anchor bolt 1. One end of the first connecting rod 31 is hinged to a barbed plate 2, and the other end is hinged to the second connecting rod 32. The end of the second connecting rod 32 furthest from the first connecting rod 31 is hinged to another barbed plate 2. The hinge axes of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 are perpendicular to the length of the anchor bolt 1, and their ends are both located within the adjacent groove 12. Between adjacent first holes 11, the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 are initially bent, and the included angle formed by the bend faces the tail end of the anchor rod 1. The hinge axis of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 slides towards the tail end of the anchor rod 1. When the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 swing to be collinear and perpendicular to the anchor rod 1, the anti-spiking plate 2 is pushed out on the side away from the inside of the anchor rod 1, thereby forming an anti-spiking structure on the anchor rod 1. The hinge axis of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 abuts against the end of the sliding groove 12 near the tail end of the anchor rod 1. The sum of the effective lengths of the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 is not less than the inner diameter of the anchor rod 1.

[0042] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 A protrusion 7 is fixed on the side wall of the first connecting rod 31 opposite to the tail end of the anchor rod 1. When the anti-barb plate 2 is pushed out from the side opposite to the inside of the anchor rod 1, the protrusion 7 abuts against the side wall of the second connecting rod 32 opposite to the tail end of the anchor rod 1. A support frame 8 and a positioning plate 4 are provided at the tail end of the anchor rod 1. The positioning plate 4 is fixed on the support frame 8. One end of the wire rope 34 is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod 31, and the other end is fixed with a ring 5. The ring 5 is detachably connected to the positioning plate 4.

[0043] refer to Figure 3 The support frame 8 consists of several steel bars 81 and a ring 82. One end of the steel bar 81 is fixedly connected to the end face of the tail end of the anchor rod 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the ring 82. Adjacent steel bars 81 are distributed at intervals along the end face of the tail end of the anchor rod 1, and the center line of the anchor rod 1 passes through the ring 82.

[0044] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The end of the positioning plate 4 is fixed on the ring 82. The positioning plate 4 has a second hole 41 and a groove 42. The groove 42 is opened along the length of the positioning plate 4 and is located on the side wall of the positioning plate 4 away from the anchor rod 1. One end of the second hole 41 is open to the outside and the other end is open into the groove 42. The second hole 41 is opened along the direction perpendicular to the groove 42. The projection of the second hole 41 and the groove 42 on the plane of the ring 82 is cross-shaped. The positioning plate 4 is equipped with a safety hook 6, a first round rod 61, a second round rod 62, and a spring 63. The safety hook 6 is located on the side of the positioning plate 4 near the anchor rod 1. One end of the first round rod 61 is fixedly connected to the safety hook 6, and the other end passes through the positioning plate 4 and is fixedly connected to one end of the second round rod 62. The second round rod 62 and the first round rod 61 are arranged perpendicularly. The first round rod 61 passes through the positioning plate 4 and is located at the bottom of the groove 42 and is directly opposite the second hole 41. When the ring 5 is inserted into the groove 42, the second round rod 62 passes through the ring 5 and is located in the second hole 41. The spring 63 is looped around the outside of the first round rod 61. One end of the spring 63 is fixedly connected to the safety hook 6, and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning plate 4. In the original length state of the spring 63, the second round rod 62 is located in the second hole 41.

[0045] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The push rod 33 is provided with a positioning piece 9. One end of the push rod 33 is bent into an L shape, thereby increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the push rod 33, which makes it easier for the push rod 33 to push the collinear first connecting rod 31 and second connecting rod 32 to be non-collinear. The push rod 33 is set along the length direction of the anchor rod 1, and the other end of the push rod 33 is located outside the anchor rod 1 to facilitate the application of a pushing force along the length direction of the anchor rod 1 to the push rod 33. The positioning piece is ring-fitted on the push rod 33, and the positioning piece 9 is located inside the anchor rod 1. The positioning piece 9 is slidably set inside the anchor rod 1, and the center line of the push rod 33 does not coincide with the center line of the anchor rod 1.

[0046] The implementation principle of a slope support device for open-pit mining according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: Anchor bolts 1, in conjunction with steel mesh, support the mine slope. Anchor bolts 1 are inserted into the mine slope. By pulling the ring 5, the barbed plate 2 is pushed away from the anchor bolt 1, so that part of the barbed plate 2 is located outside the anchor bolt 1, thus forming barbs on the anchor bolt 1. This makes it difficult for the anchor bolt 1 to be pulled away from the mine slope, thereby ensuring the firmness of the anchor bolt 1 after being inserted into the mine slope. After the ring 5 is pulled into place, the steel wire is passed through the second hole 41, and then the ring 5 is fitted onto the second round rod 62 and locked in the groove 42. After the steel mesh is laid, the area of ​​the steel mesh near the anchor bolt 1 is connected to the safety hook 6. When it is necessary to retrieve the anchor bolt 1, the push rod 33 is inserted into the anchor bolt 1. The push rod 33 pushes the first connecting rod 31 and the second connecting rod 32 into a bent shape, retracting the part of the barbed plate 2 located outside the anchor bolt 1 into the anchor bolt 1, thereby facilitating the retrieval of the anchor bolt 1.

[0047] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A slope support device for open-pit mining, comprising a steel mesh and anchor bolts (1), wherein the steel mesh is laid on the mine slope and the anchor bolts (1) are inserted into the mine slope, characterized in that: The anchor rod (1) is provided with a barbed plate (2), and a first hole (11) is opened on the anchor rod (1). The first hole (11) is opened along the length direction of the anchor rod (1). One end of the barbed plate (2) is hinged to the anchor rod (1), and the hinge axis is located inside the first hole (11) and at the end of the first hole (11) near the front end of the anchor rod (1). The cross section of the barbed plate (2) gradually increases in the direction away from the front end of the anchor rod (1). The maximum length of the barbed plate (2) does not exceed the length of the first hole (11). There are two barbed plates (2) and two first holes (11) symmetrically arranged on the anchor rod (1). A lifting assembly (3) is provided between adjacent barbed plates (2). The lifting assembly (3) is used to drive the barbed plate (2) to swing inward or outward in the direction of the anchor rod (1). (1) A positioning plate (4) is fixed at the tail end, and a safety hook (6) is provided on the positioning plate (4). The safety hook (6) is used for detachable connection between the anchor rod (1) and the steel mesh; the lifting assembly (3) includes a first connecting rod (31), a second connecting rod (32), a push rod (33) and a wire rope (34). One end of the first connecting rod (31) is hinged to one of the anti-barb plates (2), and the other end is rotatably connected to the second connecting rod (32). The end of the second connecting rod (32) away from the first connecting rod (31) is hinged to another anti-barb plate (2). One end of the wire rope (34) is fixedly connected to the first connecting rod (31). The wire rope (34) is set along the length direction of the anchor rod (1), and the other end of the wire rope (34) is detachably connected to the positioning plate (4); the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) are detachably connected to the anchor rod (1) and the steel mesh (2). When the connecting rods (32) are collinear and perpendicular to the anchor rod (1), the sum of the effective lengths of the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) is not less than the inner diameter of the anchor rod (1); the push rod (33) is inserted into the anchor rod (1) along the length direction of the anchor rod (1); a ring (5) is fixed on the wire rope (34), and a second hole (41) is opened on the positioning plate (4); when the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) are collinear, the wire rope (34) slides into the second hole (41) and the ring (5) abuts against the side wall of the positioning plate (4) away from the front end of the anchor rod (1); a groove (42) is opened on the positioning plate (4), the groove (42) is located on the side of the positioning plate (4) away from the front end of the anchor rod (1), and the ring (5) is embedded in the groove (42); A first round rod (61), a second round rod (62), and a spring (63) are provided between the safety hook (6) and the positioning plate (4). The safety hook (6) is located on the side of the positioning plate (4) away from the groove (42). One end of the first round rod (61) is fixedly connected to the safety hook (6), and the other end passes through the positioning plate (4) and is fixedly connected to one end of the second round rod (62). The first round rod (61) passes through the positioning plate (4) and is located at the bottom of the groove (42). The second round rod (62) is set across the groove (42). The second round rod (62) passes through the ring (5) and is located in the second hole (41). The spring (63) is looped on the outer wall of the first round rod (61). One end of the spring (63) is fixedly connected to the safety hook (6), and the other end is fixedly connected to the positioning plate (4).

2. The slope support equipment for open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: A protrusion (7) is fixed on the first connecting rod (31). The protrusion (7) is arranged along the length direction of the first connecting rod (31) and located near the second connecting rod (32) of the first connecting rod (31). The protrusion (7) is located on the side of the first connecting rod (31) away from the positioning plate (4). When the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) are collinear, the protrusion (7) abuts against the side wall of the second connecting rod (32) away from the positioning plate (4).

3. The slope support equipment for open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the anchor rod (1) is provided with a sliding groove (12), which is opened along the length direction of the anchor rod (1). The hinge shaft ends of the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) are located in the sliding groove (12) and slide along the length direction of the sliding groove (12). When the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) are collinear, the hinge shafts of the first connecting rod (31) and the second connecting rod (32) abut against the groove wall of the sliding groove (12) near the tail end of the anchor rod (1).

4. The slope support equipment for open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first round rod (61) is positioned directly opposite the second hole (41) at the point where it passes through the groove (42), and the diameter of the second round rod (62) is smaller than the diameter of the second hole (41).

5. The slope support equipment for open-pit mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor rod (1) is fixed with a support frame (8) at its tail end. The positioning plate (4) is fixed on the support frame (8). The support frame (8) is used to form a distance between the positioning plate (4) and the end face of the anchor rod (1).

6. The slope support equipment for open-pit mining according to claim 5, characterized in that: A positioning piece (9) is fixed on the push rod (33), and the positioning piece (9) is used to prevent the center line of the push rod (33) from coinciding with the center line of the anchor rod (1).

Images