Shield, TBM construction tunnel concrete hole preparation and segment wall synchronous filling system and filling process

Abstract

The application provides a shield and TBM construction tunnel concrete hole preparation and segment wall synchronous filling system and filling process. The concrete hole preparation and segment wall synchronous filling system comprises: a ground feeding system for feeding cement and fine stone dry materials to a stock bin; the stock bin is placed on an underground tunnel transport platform car; a dry material conveying system is placed below the stock bin and is used for conveying the cement and fine stone dry materials in the stock bin to a concrete mixing system; the concrete mixing system is placed on the underground tunnel transport platform car and is used for mixing the cement and fine stone dry materials into concrete; a concrete backfill pump is placed below the concrete mixing system, the concrete backfill pump is communicated with one end of two concrete backfill pipelines, and the other end of the concrete backfill pipelines is communicated with a segment grabbing hole. The application solves the problems that the current shield and TBM construction tunnel concrete conveying is difficult and the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock cannot be filled in time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering technology, specifically to a system and process for the preparation of concrete inside tunnel sections and the synchronous filling of tunnel segments behind the tunnel lining walls in shield tunneling and TBM construction. Background Technology

[0002] Shield tunneling machines (TBMs) are widely used in urban subway tunnel and water conservancy project construction. They integrate tunneling, support, and muck removal, offering high construction speed and safety. After excavation by the shield or TBM, precast tunnel segments must be assembled simultaneously at the tail of the shield. A certain gap exists between the precast segments and the surrounding rock. If this gap is not filled in time, it may lead to problems such as segment instability, significant deviation from the design axis, misalignment, damage, and water leakage. Furthermore, if the surrounding rock integrity is poor, rockfalls may occur, leading to ground loss, excessive ground settlement, or even ground collapse.

[0003] In existing technologies, for filling the gaps between tunnel lining segments and surrounding rock in rock formations, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) typically use grouting at the segment grab holes, while TBMs use a combination of pebble filling and backfilling grouting. Because both types of grout have high fluidity, they easily flow into the tail section of the shield and even along the outer edge of the shield to the cutterhead. If the grout flows into the tail section, it will require additional cleaning work; if it flows to the cutterhead, it may cause the cutterhead to jam. Furthermore, pebble gravel is a loose, granular material with a relatively smooth surface, making it easy for it to flow into the shield body, affecting normal construction.

[0004] To prevent gravel and grout from flowing to the outside of the shield or even the excavation face, current technology typically delays gravel filling by about 3-5 rings after assembly. However, gravel easily gets stuck in the waist area of ​​the tunnel segments and surrounding rock, resulting in insufficient gravel filling and incomplete void filling. Backfill grouting is generally delayed by a dozen or even dozens of rings after assembly. During downhill excavation, the delay in gravel filling and backfill grouting will be even greater, compromising the quality of the formed tunnel segments and making construction safety difficult to control.

[0005] In existing technologies, after gravel and slurry are blown or injected into the tunnel segment wall separately, the gravel and slurry cannot be fully mixed, and voids may exist in some places, reducing strength and water-proofing capacity. During the later operation of the subway, the tunnel segment may move, causing track deformation, or the tunnel may experience large water outflow, affecting the normal operation of the subway.

[0006] Existing backfill grouting technology generally uses a grouting pump to inject grout on one side. This method can lead to uneven stress on both sides of the segment, causing segment displacement, which may result in segment misalignment, damage, and the formation of segments exceeding the limits of their posture.

[0007] In addition, during backfilling and grouting, the grouting volume can not be accurately determined by observing whether grout seeps out from the nearby segment lifting holes. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the main objective of this invention is to provide a system and process for the preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and the synchronous backfilling of the tunnel segments in shield and TBM construction, so as to solve the problems of concrete transportation inside the tunnel, the inability to carry out synchronous backfilling and grouting in shield and TBM construction, and the quality problems of the formed tunnel segments and ground settlement caused by the lag in grouting behind the tunnel segments in the prior art.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] This invention first proposes a system for simultaneous in-tunnel concrete preparation and segment wall filling in shield tunnels and TBM construction, comprising: a ground supply system 1, arranged on the ground surface of the shield / TBM construction site, for delivering cement and fine aggregate dry materials to a silo 2; a silo 2, placed on a tunnel transport flatbed truck 3 underground, for receiving cement and fine aggregate dry materials from the ground supply system 1 and delivering them to a dry material conveying system 4; a dry material conveying system 4, placed below the silo 2, for receiving cement and fine aggregate dry materials from the silo 2 and conveying them to a concrete mixing system 5; and a concrete mixing system 6; and a concrete mixing system 7; and a concrete mixing system 8; and a concrete mixing system 9; and a concrete mixing system 10; the concrete mixing system 11; and a concrete mixing system 12; the concrete mixing system 13; and a concrete mixing system 14; the concrete mixing system 15; and a concrete mixing system 16; the concrete mixing system 17; and a concrete mixing system 18; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 12 ...9; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; and a concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 19; the concrete mixing system 1 The mixing system 5 is placed on the tunnel transport cart 3 underground. It is used to receive cement and fine stone dry materials from the dry material conveying system 4, mix them into concrete, and send them to the concrete backfill pump 6. The concrete backfill pump 6 is placed below the concrete mixing system 5. The concrete backfill pump 6 is connected to one end of two concrete backfill pipelines 8, and the other end of the two concrete backfill pipelines 8 is connected to the segment lifting hole 11. The concrete backfill pump 6 receives the concrete from the concrete mixing system 5 and pumps it to the back wall of the segment through the two concrete backfill pipelines 8 and the segment lifting hole 11.

[0011] In some embodiments, the silo 2 includes a cement dry material silo 201 and a fine stone dry material silo 202. The cement dry material silo 201 has a cement dry material inlet 2011 at the top and two cement dry material outlets 2012 at the bottom. The fine stone dry material silo 202 has a fine stone dry material inlet 2021 at the top and a fine stone dry material outlet 2022 at the bottom.

[0012] In some embodiments, the cement dry material silo 201 and the fine stone dry material silo 202 are arranged side by side on the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3, and a weighing device 203 is provided along the waist of each of the cement dry material silo 201 and the fine stone dry material silo 202.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ground feeding system 1 includes a hoisting device 101, a dry cement hopper 102, and a fine stone conveying pipeline 103. One end of the dry cement hopper 102 is connected to the hoisting device 101, and the other end is connected to the dry cement inlet 2011. One end of the fine stone conveying pipeline 103 is funnel-shaped and is located on the ground, and the other end is connected to the dry fine stone inlet 2021.

[0014] In some embodiments, the dry material conveying system 4 includes a cement dry material conveying screw 401 and a fine aggregate dry material conveying belt 402. One end of the cement dry material conveying screw 401 is connected to two cement dry material outlets 2012, and the other end is connected to the feed inlet of the concrete mixing system. One end of the fine aggregate dry material conveying belt 402 is connected to one fine aggregate dry material outlet 2022, and the other end is connected to the feed inlet of the concrete mixing system.

[0015] In some embodiments, the dry material conveying system 4 includes three cement dry material conveying screws 401 that are connected to each other and two fine stone dry material conveying belts 402 that are connected to each other.

[0016] In some embodiments, the main structure of the concrete mixing system 5 is a concrete mixing tank 501, and the concrete mixing tank 501 is provided with an operation panel 502 and a drive motor 503 on the side away from the dry material conveying system 4.

[0017] In some embodiments, the concrete backfill pump 6 includes two conveying cylinders 604, and an S-valve 605 is provided at the end of each of the two conveying cylinders 604. The S-valve 605 is connected to two concrete backfill pipelines 8 through a T-tee. A gate valve 606 is provided at the end of the T-tee for alternately discharging material into the two concrete backfill pipelines 8; or an S-valve 605 is provided at the end of each of the two conveying cylinders 604 for simultaneously discharging material into the two concrete backfill pipelines 8; or two interconnected S-valve 605s are provided at the end of the two conveying cylinders 604, and material is discharged into the two concrete backfill pipelines 8 by swinging the S-valve 605 left and right.

[0018] In some embodiments, the two concrete backfill pipelines 8 are each divided into two sections. The front section is a rigid backfill pipe 801, which is connected to the discharge port 602 of the concrete backfill pump. The rear section is a flexible backfill hose 802, the end of which is connected to two injection hoses 10 via a Y-shaped tee 9. The injection hoses 10 are connected to the segment lifting hole 11.

[0019] This invention also proposes a process for simultaneous preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and filling behind the tunnel lining segments during shield tunneling and TBM construction, comprising: S100: cement dry materials and fine aggregate dry materials are delivered to the material silo 2 by the ground material supply system 1; S200: the cement dry materials and fine aggregate dry materials in the material silo 2 are transported to the shield tunneling / TBM tunnel construction location by the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3; S300: the cement dry materials and fine aggregate dry materials are transported to the concrete mixing system 5 by the dry material conveying system 4; S400: the cement dry materials, fine aggregate dry materials and water are fully mixed by the concrete mixing system 5 to form concrete, and the concrete is transported to the concrete backfill pump 6; S500: the concrete backfill pump 6 pumps the concrete through the segment grab hole 11 to the back of the tunnel lining segment for filling via two concrete backfill pipelines 8.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows: This invention provides a system and process for simultaneous concrete preparation and segment backfilling in shield and TBM tunnel construction, solving the current problems of difficult concrete delivery, inability to timely fill the gaps between segments and surrounding rock, and delayed grouting behind segments in shield and TBM tunneling in hard rock formations, as well as the quality problems of formed segments and ground settlement caused by delayed grouting behind segments. This ensures the construction quality and safety of shield and TBM tunnels. Specifically, it has at least the following practical effects:

[0021] The filler material of the present invention is concrete. The concrete filler material can fill the gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding rock more densely, making it less likely to have voids and avoiding grout leakage.

[0022] The concrete is mixed on-site in a concrete mixing tank set up underground and is filled into the gap between the precast segments and the surrounding rock simultaneously as the tunnel boring machine advances. There is no need to transport concrete underground, so there will be no pipe blockage problem, ensuring timely filling and guaranteeing the quality of the backfill material behind the segment wall.

[0023] This invention enables concrete backfilling within two rings of the shield tail after the segment is removed by filling the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock with concrete, ensuring timely backfilling behind the segment wall.

[0024] This invention enables simultaneous concrete pouring in four circumferential directions of the tunnel segment, avoiding disturbance and displacement caused by single-direction pouring. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0026] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the shield and TBM construction tunnel concrete preparation and segment wall synchronous filling system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the ground feeding system and the silo structure in some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of the concrete mixing system and concrete backfill pump structures according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 The diagram shows the concrete backfill pump discharge method of some embodiments of the present invention, wherein (a) is the first discharge method, (b) is the second discharge method, and (c) is the third discharge method;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of various downhole structures according to some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "arrangement," "placement," "connection," "linking," and "communication" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] It should be understood that the terms "comprising / including," "consisting of," or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product, apparatus, process, or method that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but may also include, where necessary, other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product, apparatus, process, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrases "comprising / including," "consisting of," does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the product, apparatus, process, or method that includes said element.

[0035] It should also be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device, component, or structure referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed or operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] Based on the problems existing in the prior art, this invention proposes a system and process for the preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and the synchronous filling of the tunnel lining behind the segments in shield tunneling and TBM construction, so as to solve the problem that synchronous backfilling and grouting cannot be carried out in shield tunneling and TBM construction in the prior art.

[0037] The implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention proposes a system for the preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and the synchronous filling of the tunnel lining behind the tunnel lining segments, comprising: a ground material supply system 1, a material silo 2, a dry material conveying system 4, a concrete mixing system 5, and a concrete backfilling pump 6.

[0039] Specifically, the ground material supply system 1 is arranged on the construction ground of the shield tunnel and TBM to deliver dry cement and fine stone dry materials to the silo 2.

[0040] The cement dry material mentioned in this invention is an anti-dispersion grouting material, which can also be replaced by other materials. The fine stone dry material mentioned in this invention is crushed stone, that is, the pea gravel used in traditional TBM construction.

[0041] The silo 2 is placed on the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3 to receive cement dry materials and fine stone dry materials from the ground supply system 1 and send them to the dry material conveying system 4.

[0042] The dry material conveying system 4 is placed below the silo 2 to receive cement dry material and fine stone dry material from the silo 2 and convey the cement dry material and fine stone dry material to the concrete mixing system 5.

[0043] The concrete mixing system 5 is placed on the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3. It is used to receive cement dry materials and fine stone dry materials from the silo 2 via the dry material conveying system 4, and to fully mix the cement dry materials and fine stone dry materials into concrete, and then send the concrete to the concrete backfill pump 6.

[0044] The concrete backfill pump 6 is placed below the concrete mixing system 5. The concrete backfill pump 6 is connected to one end of the two concrete backfill pipelines 8, and the other end of the two concrete backfill pipelines 8 is connected to the segment lifting hole 11. The concrete backfill pump 6 receives the concrete delivered from the concrete mixing system 5 and pumps it to the back wall of the segment through the segment lifting hole 11 via the two concrete backfill pipelines 8.

[0045] This invention improves synchronous filling efficiency by using two concrete backfill pipes 8 for simultaneous filling. It utilizes segment lifting holes 11 for filling, allowing concrete to be fully injected into the surrounding rock gaps without the need for additional injection holes.

[0046] In this invention, the concrete backfill pump 6 is located behind the concrete mixing system 5 along the tunnel excavation direction. During concrete filling, in order to ensure that the concrete filling material is accurately delivered from the concrete mixing system 5 to the concrete backfill pump 6, the concrete backfill pump 6 and the concrete mixing system 5 need to be connected and fixed. This connection can be achieved by bolts passing through the corresponding ear plates or by other connecting parts. The specific connection method will not be described in detail in this invention, as long as the connection is detachable.

[0047] In this invention, the concrete mixing system 5 and the concrete backfill pump 6 enter and exit the tunnel simultaneously with the tunnel transport vehicle 2, allowing maintenance of the concrete mixing system 5 and the concrete backfill pump 6 to be carried out at the tunnel entrance or on the ground, thus solving the problem of equipment maintenance inside the tunnel.

[0048] The present invention first delivers dry cement and fine aggregate to the silo 2 on the underground tunnel transport vehicle 3 via the ground supply system 1. The tunnel transport vehicle 3 then transports the dry cement and fine aggregate from the silo 2 to the shield tunnel and TBM tunnel construction site. The dry cement and fine aggregate are then transported to the concrete mixing system 5 via the dry material conveying system 4. The concrete mixing system 5 thoroughly mixes the dry cement, fine aggregate, and water to form concrete. The concrete is then transported to the concrete backfill pump 6. The concrete backfill pump 6 pumps the concrete through two concrete backfill pipelines 8 and then through the segment grab holes 11 to the segment wall for filling.

[0049] This invention fills the gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding rock with concrete, preventing the grout from flowing to the cutterhead and causing the cutterhead to jam, which is a problem in the prior art. At the same time, using concrete to fill the gap between the pipe segment and the surrounding rock can make the gap more compact, making it less likely to have voids and avoiding grout leakage.

[0050] This invention uses a concrete mixing system to mix cement and fine aggregate into concrete for filling underground, which can avoid the problem of premature solidification of concrete during transportation in the tunnel and blockage of pipes, and effectively solve the problem of concrete material supply.

[0051] This invention allows for concrete backfilling immediately after the segment 14 is removed from the tail 2 rings of the shield body 13 by filling the gap between the segment 14 and the surrounding rock with concrete, thus ensuring the quality of backfilling behind the segment wall.

[0052] See Figure 2 The ground material supply system 1 consists of hoisting equipment 101, cement dry material hopper 102 and fine stone transmission pipeline 103.

[0053] See Figure 2 The silo 2 includes a cement dry material silo 201 and a fine stone dry material silo 202. The cement dry material silo 201 and the fine stone dry material silo 202 are supported by a bracket and placed side by side on the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3.

[0054] The cement dry material silo 201 has a cement dry material inlet 2011 at the top and a cement dry material outlet 2012 at the bottom; the fine stone dry material silo 202 has a fine stone dry material inlet 2021 at the top and a fine stone dry material outlet 2022 at the bottom.

[0055] Furthermore, the cement dry material silo 201 has one cement dry material inlet 2011 at the top and two cement dry material outlets 2012 at the bottom, and the fine stone dry material silo 202 has one fine stone dry material inlet 2021 at the top and one fine stone dry material outlet 2022 at the bottom.

[0056] See also Figure 2 One end of the cement dry material hopper 102 is connected to the hoisting equipment 101, and the other end is connected to the cement dry material inlet 2011. One end of the fine stone transmission pipeline 103 is placed on the ground, and the other end is connected to the fine stone dry material inlet 2021.

[0057] Furthermore, the fine stone transmission pipeline 103 is funnel-shaped at one end on the ground.

[0058] In this invention, the hoisting equipment 101 is a gantry crane used on the construction site to transport dry cement materials from the ground to the dry cement silo 201. Before hoisting, on-site workers load the dry cement materials into the dry cement hopper 102, fix the cable on the hoisting equipment 101 to the dry cement hopper 102, and hoist the dry cement hopper 102 to the upper part of the dry cement silo 201 using the hoisting equipment 101.

[0059] See Figure 3 A weighing device 203 is installed at the waist of the cement dry material silo 201 and the fine stone dry material silo 202. By analyzing the concrete pouring volume, the operator can realize real-time control of the concrete pouring density and avoid the inability to accurately determine the backfill grouting volume.

[0060] See Figure 3 The dry material conveying system 4 includes a cement dry material conveying screw 401 and a fine stone dry material conveying belt 402. The rear end of the cement dry material conveying screw 401 is connected to two cement dry material discharge ports 2012, and the front end is connected to the feed port of the concrete mixing system. The rear end of the fine stone dry material conveying belt 402 is connected to one fine stone dry material discharge port 2022, and the front end is connected to the feed port of the concrete mixing system.

[0061] Furthermore, the dry material conveying system 4 includes three interconnected cement dry material conveying screws 401 and two interconnected fine stone dry material conveying belts 402.

[0062] In this invention, the front end and rear end are referred to relative to the tunnel boring direction. The side closer to the tunnel boring direction is the front end, and the other side is the rear end.

[0063] See also Figure 3 The main structure of the concrete mixing system 5 is a concrete mixing tank 501. The concrete mixing tank 501 is equipped with an operation panel 502 and a drive motor 503 on the side away from the dry material conveying system 4.

[0064] The concrete mixing system 5 also includes a water tank 504, which is placed on the tunnel transport flatbed truck 3 and connected to the concrete mixing tank 501.

[0065] The concrete mixing tank 501 is provided with a concrete mixing tank inlet 5011 and a concrete mixing tank outlet 5012. The upper end of the concrete mixing tank inlet 5011 corresponds to the front end of the dry material conveying system 4, and the lower end of the concrete mixing tank outlet 5012 corresponds to the concrete backfill pump inlet 601.

[0066] The concrete backfill pump 6 is equipped with a concrete backfill pump outlet 602 along the tunnel excavation direction, and the concrete backfill pump outlet 602 is connected to two concrete backfill pipelines 8.

[0067] See Figure 4This invention provides three specially designed concrete backfill pump discharge methods. Among them... Figure 4 (a) describes the first discharge method. The concrete backfill pump 6 includes two conveying cylinders 604. An S-valve 605 is installed at the end of each cylinder. The left-right swing of the S-valve 605 avoids the discharge gap caused by air intake in the main cylinder 603, ensuring rapid and stable discharge. The discharge port is divided into left and right sides by a T-shaped tee. A gate valve 606 is installed at the end of the T-shaped tee to discharge material alternately to the left and right pipelines, avoiding uneven flow distribution at the T-shaped tee. The left-right swing here refers to the left-right swing of the lower end of the S-valve 605.

[0068] Figure 4 (b) in the figure represents the second discharge method, in which two S valves 605 are installed at the end of the conveying cylinder 604, with one S valve 605 corresponding to each conveying cylinder 604, to ensure uniform discharge from the left and right outlets.

[0069] Figure 4 (c) represents the third discharge method, where two S-valve 605s are connected as one unit and placed at the end of the conveying cylinder 604. They discharge material to the two outlets by swinging evenly left and right, ensuring uniform discharge from both outlets. Here, the left and right swing refers to the left and right swinging of both the upper and lower interfaces of the two connected S-valve 605s.

[0070] See Figure 5 Both concrete backfill pipelines 8 are divided into front and rear sections. The front section is a rigid backfill pipe 801, which is connected to the discharge port 602 of the concrete backfill pump. The rear section is a flexible backfill pipe 802, which is connected to two injection hoses 10 via a Y-shaped tee 9. The injection hoses 10 are connected to the segment lifting hole 11.

[0071] The front rigid pipe is easy to fix and can withstand stronger pumping pressure. Because it is difficult to bend, it is not easy to clog the pipe during concrete transportation. The rear flexible pipe is easy to connect with Y-type tee 9 and can be moved flexibly, making it convenient to grout at different locations.

[0072] It is easy to understand that the Y-type tee 9 mentioned in this invention refers to a tee connector with an approximate Y-shaped shape.

[0073] This invention, by setting four injection hoses 10 connected to four segment grabbing holes 11 at four different positions around the segment 14, can achieve simultaneous filling of four different positions of the segment 14. The four segment grabbing holes 11 are distributed on the left and right sides of the segment 14, which solves the problems of pushing and moving the segment 14 due to single-sided filling of concrete and excessive posture deviation.

[0074] Preferably, the connection method between the backfill rigid pipe 801, the backfill flexible pipe 802, the Y-type tee 9 and the injection flexible pipe 10 is a snap-fit ​​connection, which is convenient for installation and disassembly, and allows for quick cleaning of the blocked parts when the pipeline is blocked, saving working time.

[0075] In some embodiments, the tunnel transport vehicle 2 is an electric vehicle.

[0076] See also Figure 1 The system for synchronous filling of concrete inside the tunnel lining and behind the tunnel lining segments in shield and TBM construction also includes a wear-resistant grout stop plate 12, which is installed at the tail of the shield body 13, i.e., the tail of the shield or TBM. The wear-resistant grout stop plate 12 can effectively block the concrete behind the shield tail, preventing the concrete from flowing to the outside or inside of the shield body 13, thereby improving the synchronous filling effect and construction safety.

[0077] Preferably, the wear-resistant grout stop plate 12 is a multi-layer wear-resistant grout stop plate.

[0078] See also Figure 1 The system for preparing concrete inside the tunnel and synchronously filling it behind the tunnel lining segments also includes a high-voltage electrical box 7, which, after being connected to the power system of the shield tunnel and TBM, provides power to the material silo 2, the dry material conveying system 4, the concrete mixing system 5, and the concrete backfill pump 6.

[0079] The present invention proposes a system for synchronous filling of concrete inside the tunnel and behind the segment walls during shield and TBM tunnel construction. This system solves the current problems of difficult underground concrete transportation, inability to fill the gap between the segment and the surrounding rock in a timely manner, and delayed grouting behind the segment walls when shield and TBM tunnels are excavating in hard rock strata. It also addresses the quality problems of the formed segments and ground settlement caused by the delayed grouting behind the segment walls, thus ensuring the construction quality and safety of shield and TBM tunnels.

[0080] For the Qingdao Metro tunnel boring machine (TBM) project involved in this invention, the strata traversed are mostly rock strata, which are more stable than soil strata. When tunneling through soil strata, due to the loose nature of the soil, the gaps between the tunnel wall and the shield shell are filled with soil. Due to the obstruction of the soil, the grout does not easily flow to the shield and cutterhead during synchronous grouting. However, in highly stable rock strata, there will be obvious and complete gaps between the tunnel wall and the shield shell. If grouting is performed too early, the grout can easily flow to the shield and cutterhead.

[0081] Therefore, when tunnel boring machines are constructed in rock formations, synchronous grouting is often not possible. Grouting is usually carried out through the segment lifting holes after the segments have exited the shield tail ten rings.

[0082] When TBMs are constructed in rock formations, they employ a combination of gravel injection and backfill grouting for backfilling behind the tunnel segments. Because both gravel and grout have a certain degree of fluidity, neither gravel injection nor backfill grouting can be carried out immediately after the segments emerge from the shield tail. Gravel injection typically begins 3-5 rings after the segments emerge from the shield tail, while backfill grouting usually begins a dozen or even several dozen rings later. During downhill tunneling, the lag in gravel injection and backfill grouting is even greater. This delay in shield grouting or TBM gravel injection and grouting directly leads to voids behind the tunnel segments, causing them to wobble and become unstable. This not only affects the assembly quality of the segments but also causes a series of problems later on, such as segment misalignment, damage, water leakage, and exceeding attitude limits.

[0083] This invention utilizes on-site mixed concrete for filling, enabling the filling behind the tunnel segment wall to be completed within two rings of the segment exiting the shield tail. This timely stabilization of the segment effectively solves a series of safety and quality problems caused by delayed filling behind the segment wall. Furthermore, compared to gravel dredging plus backfill grouting, this invention's synchronous concrete filling system within the tunnel can save at least 500 yuan per ring, significantly reducing construction costs.

[0084] This invention solves the problem of delayed grouting behind the tunnel segment wall in current shield tunneling and TBM projects, and can effectively solve the quality problems of the formed tunnel segment and the ground settlement problems caused by delayed grouting behind the tunnel segment wall.

[0085] This invention also proposes a process for simultaneous concrete preparation inside the tunnel and simultaneous backfilling behind the tunnel lining segments during shield and TBM construction. This simultaneous backfilling process is simple to operate and allows for concrete backfilling within two rings after the tunnel lining segments exit the shield tail, promptly filling the gaps between the tunnel lining segments and the surrounding rock, ensuring the quality of the formed tunnel lining segments and construction safety. Specifically:

[0086] S100: Use the ground feeding system 1 to deliver dry cement and dry fine stone to the silo 2;

[0087] S200: Use tunnel transport flatbed truck 3 to transport dry cement and fine stone materials in silo 2 to the shield tunnel and TBM tunnel construction site;

[0088] S300: Dry cement and fine aggregate are conveyed to concrete mixing tank 501 via dry material conveying system 4;

[0089] S400: The concrete mixing tank 501 is used to fully mix the dry cement, dry fine aggregate and water to form concrete, and the concrete is transported to the concrete backfill pump 6.

[0090] S500: Concrete is pumped to the segment wall through the segment grab hole 11 via the concrete backfill pump 6 and two concrete backfill pipelines 8 for filling.

[0091] Furthermore, after the concrete mixing tank 501 completes mixing, the concrete is transported to the concrete backfill pump inlet 601 through the concrete mixing tank outlet 5011. The concrete backfill pump 6 is provided with a concrete backfill pump outlet 602 on one side along the tunnel excavation direction. The concrete backfill pump outlet 602 is connected to two concrete backfill pipelines 8. The end of the concrete backfill pipeline 8 is connected to two injection hoses 10 through a Y-shaped tee 9. The injection hoses 10 are connected to the segment lifting hole 11.

[0092] Furthermore, the present invention provides four infusion hoses 10 that are connected to four different circumferentially positioned segment gripping holes 11 of the segment 14.

[0093] It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that, without conflict, the above-mentioned preferred solutions can be freely combined and superimposed.

[0094] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for simultaneous preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and synchronous filling behind the tunnel lining segments during shield and TBM tunnel construction, characterized in that, include: The ground supply system (1) is located on the shield tunnel and TBM construction ground and is used to deliver cement and fine stone dry materials to the silo (2). The silo (2) is placed on the tunnel transport flatbed truck (3) underground and is used to receive cement and fine stone dry materials from the ground supply system (1) and send them to the dry material conveying system (4). The silo (2) includes a cement dry material silo (201) and a fine stone dry material silo (202). The cement dry material silo (201) has a cement dry material inlet (2011) at the top and two cement dry material outlets (2012) at the bottom. The fine stone dry material silo (202) has a fine stone dry material inlet (2021) at the top and a fine stone dry material outlet (2022) at the bottom. The cement dry material silo (201) and the fine stone dry material silo (202) are arranged side by side on the tunnel transport flatbed truck (3), and a weighing device (203) is provided along the waist of each of the cement dry material silo (201) and the fine stone dry material silo (202). The dry material conveying system (4) is placed below the silo (2) to receive cement and fine stone dry materials from the silo (2) and convey them to the concrete mixing system (5). The concrete mixing system (5) is placed on the tunnel transport flatbed truck (3) in the well, and is used to receive cement and fine stone dry materials from the dry material conveying system (4), mix them into concrete and send them to the concrete backfill pump (6). A concrete backfill pump (6) is placed below a concrete mixing system (5). The concrete backfill pump (6) is connected to one end of two concrete backfill pipelines (8), and the other end of the two concrete backfill pipelines (8) is connected to a segment lifting hole (11). The concrete backfill pump (6) receives concrete from the concrete mixing system (5) and pumps it to the back wall of the segment through the segment lifting hole (11) via the two concrete backfill pipelines (8). The two concrete backfill pipelines (8) are divided into two sections. The front section is a backfill hard pipe (801), which is connected to the discharge port (602) of the concrete backfill pump. The rear section is a backfill soft pipe (802), and the end of the backfill soft pipe (802) is connected to two injection soft pipes (10) via a Y-shaped tee (9). The injection soft pipes (10) are connected to the segment lifting hole (11).

2. The system for synchronous filling of concrete inside shield and TBM tunnel segments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ground material supply system (1) includes a hoisting device (101), a cement dry material hopper (102), and a fine stone transmission pipeline (103). One end of the cement dry material hopper (102) is connected to the hoisting device (101), and the other end is connected to the cement dry material inlet (2011). One end of the fine stone transmission pipeline (103) is funnel-shaped and is set on the ground, and the other end is connected to the fine stone dry material inlet (2021).

3. The system for simultaneous preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and synchronous filling behind the segment wall in shield and TBM construction tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry material conveying system (4) includes a cement dry material conveying screw (401) and a fine stone dry material conveying belt (402). One end of the cement dry material conveying screw (401) is connected to two cement dry material outlets (2012), and the other end is connected to the feed inlet of the concrete mixing system. One end of the fine stone dry material conveying belt (402) is connected to one fine stone dry material outlet (2022), and the other end is connected to the feed inlet of the concrete mixing system.

4. The system for synchronous filling of concrete inside the tunnel lining and behind the tunnel lining segments in shield and TBM construction tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dry material conveying system (4) includes three cement dry material conveying screws (401) that are connected to each other and two fine stone dry material conveying belts (402) that are connected to each other.

5. The system for simultaneous preparation of concrete inside the tunnel and synchronous filling behind the segment wall in shield and TBM construction tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main structure of the concrete mixing system (5) is a concrete mixing tank (501). The concrete mixing tank (501) is provided with an operation panel (502) and a drive motor (503) on the side away from the dry material conveying system (4).

6. The system for synchronous filling of concrete inside shield and TBM tunnel segments as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The concrete backfill pump (6) includes two conveying cylinders (604). An S valve (605) is provided at the end of the two conveying cylinders (604). The S valve (605) is connected to the two concrete backfill pipelines (8) through a T-shaped tee. A gate valve (606) is provided at the end of the T-shaped tee for alternately discharging material into the two concrete backfill pipelines (8); or an S valve (605) is provided at the end of each of the two conveying cylinders (604) for discharging material into the two concrete backfill pipelines (8) simultaneously; or two S valves (605) are provided at the end of the two conveying cylinders (604) and are connected to each other. The two concrete backfill pipelines (8) are discharging material by swinging the S valves (605) left and right.

7. A synchronous filling process for a shield tunneling / TBM construction tunnel concrete preparation and segment wall backfilling system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, include: S100: The ground feeding system (1) delivers dry cement and dry fine stone to the silo (2); S200: The dry cement and fine stone materials in the silo (2) are transported to the shield and TBM tunnel construction site by the tunnel transport flatbed truck (3); S300: The dry material conveying system (4) transports the dry cement material and fine stone dry material to the concrete mixing system (5); S400: The concrete mixing system (5) fully mixes cement dry materials, fine stone dry materials and water to form concrete, and delivers the concrete to the concrete backfill pump (6); S500: Concrete is pumped through the segment grab hole (11) to the segment wall by the concrete backfill pump (6) via two concrete backfill pipelines (8) for filling.

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