Methods for saline-alkali land management and reclamation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land, which comprises the following steps: step 1, applying a permeable matrix to the surface of the saline-alkali land, rotary tilling the soil, mixing the permeable matrix with the soil evenly, and forming ridges; wherein the permeable matrix is ​​one or more of coal slag, sand and gravel, or straw; step 2, laying a drip tape on the top of the ridge, laying a film on the drip tape, so that the entire upper surface and both sides of the ridge are covered with the film, and timely compacting the soil to ensure that the upper surface and both sides of the ridge are tightly covered with the film; step 3, washing the soil salt on the ridge with water through the drip tape, and adjusting the salinity index of the soil on the ridge according to the salt tolerance of the crops planted. The present invention can adjust the salt tolerance index of the soil according to the different salt tolerances of the crops planted, making it suitable for crop growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali land transformation, and more specifically, relates to a saline-alkali land treatment and reclamation method. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali soil refers to soils where the salt content affects the normal growth of crops. In severely saline-alkali areas, crops can almost never survive. my country has vast areas of saline-alkali land, but much of it remains largely unused, severely restricting food production and sustainable agricultural development.

[0003] Currently, saline-alkali land restoration technologies primarily include hydraulic engineering, biological modification, and chemical modification. However, these technologies all have drawbacks. For example, hydraulic engineering requires significant freshwater resources, produces suboptimal results, and its indicators do not address the root cause. Biological modification, however, lacks the ability to fully utilize microorganisms, resulting in suboptimal restoration results and limited effectiveness. Chemical modification is also short-lived and prone to secondary pollution. These shortcomings have limited the widespread adoption of saline-alkali land restoration technologies, leaving most saline-alkali land unutilized. Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land, which can adjust the salt tolerance index of the soil according to the different salt tolerance of the crops to make it suitable for the growth of crops.

[0006] In order to achieve these objects and other advantages of the present invention, a method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: applying a permeable matrix to the surface of the saline-alkali land, rotary tilling the soil to mix the permeable matrix and the soil evenly, and forming ridges; wherein the permeable matrix is ​​one or more of coal slag, sand and gravel, and straw;

[0008] Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge are covered with the film, compact the soil in time, and keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly;

[0009] Step 3: Use water to drain the dripping area to wash away the salt in the soil on the ridges, and adjust the EC value of the soil on the ridges according to the salt tolerance of the crops being grown.

[0010] Preferably, the amount of permeable substrate added is 1000-10000 kg / mu.

[0011] Preferably, the ridge height is 20-60 cm and the ridge furrow width is 15-50 cm.

[0012] Preferably, grooves are provided at the bottom of both sides of the ridge, the free ends of the film extend to the grooves, and the film is covered on the grooves to form a water collecting trough, drainage holes are provided on the film at the bottom of the water collecting trough, water collecting wells are provided in the ditch, the intervals between the water collecting wells are 3-5m, a water collecting box is provided in the water collecting well, the top of the water collecting box is at least 10cm away from the surface soil, a drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collecting box, a first connecting pipe is provided on the top of the two adjacent water collecting boxes in the same row of ditch, a second connecting pipe is provided on the top of the water collecting boxes at both ends of the ditch, the free end of the second connecting pipe extends out of the soil surface, a sealing member is provided on the free end of the second connecting pipe, the bottom of the water collecting box is connected to a number of drip pipes, the free ends of the drip pipes extend outward and are distributed in a star shape, and the drainage holes are connected to the second connecting pipe through the first pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the first connecting pipe between two adjacent water collecting tanks is arranged at an angle.

[0014] Preferably, the straw is crushed to a particle size of less than 1 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the changes in soil moisture and salinity indicators on the ridges are monitored, and the soil moisture and salinity indicators are adjusted by dripping water from the drip tape to meet the growth of seed crops.

[0016] Preferably, the furrows are planted with Salicornia herb.

[0017] Preferably, the sowing rate of Salicornia herbacea seeds is 20-30 g / m 2 , after the saltwort seeds are mixed evenly with fine sand, they are evenly spread in the ridges and furrows.

[0018] Preferably, the dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2 L / h, each dripping lasts 3-4 hours, the dripping is 1-5 times, and the interval between each dripping is 2-3 days.

[0019] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0020] First, the present invention utilizes a permeable matrix to increase the porosity of the soil, enhance the water permeability and air permeability of the soil, and avoid water accumulation in the soil on the ridges during drip irrigation. The water dripping from the top of the ridge can smoothly carry out the soil salt on the ridge and collect in the ridge ditch, thereby reducing the amount of water used for washing salt and avoiding water accumulation in the soil on the ridges that affects crop growth.

[0021] Second, the present invention covers the upper surface and both sides of the ridge with a film, which can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture on the ridge and prevent the salt content of the lower soil from rising into the soil on the ridge due to the evaporation of soil moisture on the ridge and affecting the growth of crops.

[0022] Third, the present invention can prevent the upward migration of soil salt at the bottom of the water collection box by providing a water collection box and a water pipe. As the salt horn grass closes the ridge, the evaporation of water in the ridge is slowed down, slowing down the migration of salt. In addition, the salt horn grass can absorb the salt collected in the ridge. When the salt horn grass is harvested, the soil nutrients are removed. After multiple plantings, the salinization of the soil above the water collection box can be controlled.

[0023] Fourth, the present invention realizes the cultivation and management of saline-alkali land at the same time, that is, covering the ridges with film and laying drip tapes to wash out the salt in the soil on the ridges, thereby realizing the cultivation of the soil on the ridges; and the provision of a water collecting tank and a drip pipe suppresses the rise of salinity in the soil below the water collecting tank. During cultivation, the saltwort planted in the ridges and furrows can discharge the cleaned ridge soil into the ridges and remove the salt in the ditch soil, thereby continuously reducing the salinity of the soil from the water collecting tank to the ridge surface layer. After the salinity index of this layer of soil is reduced to a salinity index suitable for crop planting, the water collecting tank and the drip pipe can suppress the rise of salt in the lower layer, thereby realizing the thorough management of the saline-alkali land. In the later planting, the cultivated layer, that is, the soil above the water collecting tank, does not need to be covered with film, and can be planted according to conventional methods.

[0024] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vertical cross-section structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical cross section at a ridge ditch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic top view of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] 1. Ridge; 2. Ditch; 3. Film; 4. Water collecting box; 5. Water collecting trough; 6. Drip tape; 7. First connecting pipe; 8. Second connecting pipe; 9. Drip pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0030] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0031] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or integrally connected or set. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land, which comprises the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: applying a permeable matrix to the surface of the saline-alkali land, rotary tilling the soil to mix the permeable matrix and the soil evenly, and forming ridges 1; wherein the permeable matrix is ​​one or more of coal slag, sand and gravel, and straw;

[0034] Step 2: Lay the drip tape 6 on the top of the ridge, and lay the film 3 on the drip tape so that the entire upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge are covered with the film, and compact the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film 3 tightly;

[0035] Step 3: Let water flow through the dripping belt 6 to wash away the salt in the soil on the ridge 1, and adjust the salinity index of the soil on the ridge 1 according to the salt tolerance of the crops to be planted.

[0036] In this technical solution, the permeable matrix increases the porosity of the soil, enhancing its water and air permeability, preventing water accumulation on the ridges during drip irrigation. Water dripping from the top of the ridges can smoothly remove the salt from the soil on the ridges and collect in the ridge furrows. Covering the upper surface and both sides of the ridge with a film can reduce evaporation of soil moisture on the ridges and prevent the increase in salinity caused by evaporation of soil moisture on the ridges. When the soil salinity index is suitable for the desired crop, holes are made in the film and sowing can be carried out. In the later stages of crop management, drip irrigation can be used to replenish water and regulate soil moisture, or drip irrigation can be used to apply water, fertilizer, and pesticide fertilizers.

[0037] In another technical solution, the amount of permeable matrix added is 1,000-10,000 kg / mu. The permeable matrix improves the porosity of the soil and adjusts the water and air permeability of the soil, making it suitable for crop growth.

[0038] In another technical solution, ridge 1 is 20-60 cm high and furrow 2 is 15-50 cm wide. By controlling the ridge height, crops have sufficient space on the ridge for root growth. By controlling the furrow width, water evaporation from the furrow is properly controlled, directing salt migration into the furrow.

[0039] In another technical solution, a groove is provided at the bottom of the ridge 1, the free end of the film 3 extends to the groove, and the film 3 is covered on the groove to form a water collecting trough 5, and a drainage hole is provided on the film 3 at the bottom of the water collecting trough 5, and a water collecting well is provided in the ditch 2. The interval between the water collecting wells is 3-5m, and the depth of the water collecting well is 50-100cm. A water collecting box is provided in the water collecting well, and the top of the water collecting box is at least 10cm away from the surface soil. A drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collecting box, and a first connecting pipe 7 is provided on the top of the two adjacent water collecting boxes in the same row of ditch. A second connecting pipe 8 is provided on the top of the water collecting box at both ends of the ditch, and the free end of the second connecting pipe 8 extends out of the soil surface. The free end of the second connecting pipe 8, that is, the end extending out of the soil, is provided with a seal, and the bottom of the water collecting box is connected to a number of drip pipes 9, and the free ends of the drip pipes 9 extend outward and are distributed in a star shape. The drainage holes are connected to the second connecting pipe through the first pipe. In this technical solution, when it rains, the seal at the end of the second connecting pipe 8 is opened to vent air. Rainwater collects in the water collection trough and is discharged into the water collection box through the first pipe and the second connecting pipe. After the water collection box is full of water, the seal is closed with the free end of the second connecting pipe 8. Since the water collection box is in a closed state, the water in the water collection box cannot be discharged through the drip pipe 9. After the rain stops and the sky clears, as the soil moisture in the ditch 2 evaporates and the salinity increases, the seal is opened. Under the action of air pressure, the water in the water collection box can be discharged through the drip pipe 9 to prevent the salinity from rising. When there is no rain, after the water in the water collection box is drained, fresh water can be injected into the second connecting pipe 8 at one end of the ditch. The second connecting pipe 8 at the other end of the ditch serves as a vent. Since the water collection boxes are connected through the first connecting pipe 7, all the water collection boxes in the same ditch will be filled with water for use in salt suppression. The cross-section of the water collection box in this technical solution can be circular or square.

[0040] In another technical solution, the first connecting pipe 7 between two adjacent water collecting tanks is arranged at an angle to avoid water accumulation in the connecting pipe.

[0041] In another technical solution, the straw is crushed to a particle size of less than 1 cm. The particle size of the straw is controlled so that it can fully integrate with the soil, thereby improving soil permeability and facilitating crop cultivation.

[0042] In another technical solution, the soil moisture and salinity on ridge 1 are monitored and adjusted to meet the needs of seed crop growth through dripping water from drip strips 6. The salinity of the soil on the ridge is monitored. If the salinity of the soil on the ridge increases, the drip strips are used to promptly rinse the soil with water, reducing the salinity and ensuring normal crop growth.

[0043] In another technical solution, ridge 2 is planted with saltwort. The soil in ridge 2 is loosened to facilitate the sowing of saltwort and subsequent root growth. After planting crops, intercropping saltwort in the ridge can increase land utilization and economic value. Furthermore, saltwort absorbs salt, removing it from the soil during harvest.

[0044] In another technical solution, the sowing rate of Salicornia herbacea seeds is 20-30 g / m 2 After mixing saltwort seeds with fine sand, they are evenly spread across the furrows. During the growing season after crop planting, sowing a large number of saltwort seeds allows the denser growth of saltwort to seal the furrows. This helps reduce water evaporation from the furrows, slowing the rate of salt accumulation in the bottom layer while also reducing the number of drip irrigation applications and improving soil moisture levels.

[0045] In another technical solution, the dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, each dripping lasts 3-4 hours, the dripping is 1-5 times, and the interval between each dripping is 2-3 days.

[0046] <Example 1>

[0047] A method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Apply straw with a particle size of less than 1 cm to the surface of the saline-alkali land at a rate of 5000 kg / mu, till the soil until the straw and soil are evenly mixed, and form ridges with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge furrow width of 50 cm;

[0049] Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire ridge is covered with the film. Press the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly;

[0050] Step 3: Use water to wash the salt from the soil on the ridges through the dripping belt. The dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, and the dripping should last for 3 hours each time. There should be an interval of 2 days between each dripping. The salinity index of the soil on the ridges can be adjusted by increasing the number of dripping times according to the salt tolerance of the crops.

[0051] When planting crops, just punch holes in the film and plant the corresponding crops.

[0052] <Example 2>

[0053] A method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: Apply coal slag to the surface of saline-alkali land at a rate of 10,000 kg / mu, till the soil until the coal slag is evenly mixed with the soil, and form ridges with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge furrow width of 50 cm.

[0055] Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire ridge is covered with the film. Press the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly;

[0056] Step 3: Use water to wash the salt from the soil on the ridges through the dripping belt. The dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, and the dripping should last for 3 hours each time. There should be an interval of 2 days between each dripping. The salinity index of the soil on the ridges can be adjusted by increasing the number of dripping times according to the salt tolerance of the crops.

[0057] When planting crops, just punch holes in the film and plant the corresponding crops.

[0058] <Example 3>

[0059] A method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Apply sand and gravel to the surface of the saline-alkali land at a rate of 10,000 kg / mu, till the soil until the sand and gravel are evenly mixed with the soil, and form ridges with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge ditch width of 50 cm.

[0061] Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire ridge is covered with the film. Press the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly;

[0062] Step 3: Use water to wash the salt from the soil on the ridges through the dripping belt. The dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, and the dripping should last for 3 hours each time. There should be an interval of 2 days between each dripping. The salinity index of the soil on the ridges can be adjusted by increasing the number of dripping times according to the salt tolerance of the crops.

[0063] When planting crops, just punch holes in the film and plant the corresponding crops.

[0064] <Example 4>

[0065] A method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0066] Step 1: Apply straw with a particle size of less than 1 cm to the surface of the saline-alkali land at a rate of 5000 kg / mu, till the soil until the straw and soil are evenly mixed, and form ridges with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge furrow width of 50 cm;

[0067] Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire ridge is covered with the film. Press the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly;

[0068] Step 3: Wash the soil salt on the ridges with water through the dripping belt. The dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, and the dripping is 3 hours each time, with an interval of 2 days between each dripping. The salinity index of the soil on the ridges is adjusted by increasing the dripping frequency according to the salt tolerance of the planted crops, so that the soil on the ridges is suitable for the growth of the planted crops. After the crops are planted on the ridges, the seeds of Salicornia herba are evenly mixed with fine sand and evenly spread in the ridge furrows. The sowing rate of Salicornia herba seeds is 20g / m 2 .

[0069] <Example 5>

[0070] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Apply straw with a particle size of less than 1 cm to the surface of the saline-alkali land at a rate of 5000 kg / mu, till the soil until the straw and soil are evenly mixed, and form ridges with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge furrow width of 50 cm;

[0072] Step 2: lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and lay the film on the drip tape so that the entire ridge is covered with the film, and compact the soil in time to keep the upper surface of the ridge and the two sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly; wherein, a groove is set at the bottom of the ridge 1, and the free end of the film 3 extends to the groove, and the film 3 is covered on the groove to form a water collecting trough 5, and a drainage hole is set on the film 3 at the bottom of the water collecting trough 5, and a water collecting well is set in the ditch 2. The interval of the water collecting well is 3-5m, and the depth of the water collecting well is 50-100cm. A water collecting box is set in the water collecting well, and the top of the water collecting box is at least 10cm away from the surface soil. A drainage port is set at the bottom of the water collecting box, and a first connecting pipe 7 is set on the top of the two adjacent water collecting boxes in the same row of ditch, and a second connecting pipe 8 is set on the top of the water collecting box at both ends of the ditch, and the free end of the second connecting pipe 8 extends out of the soil surface, and the free end of the second connecting pipe 8, that is, the end extending out of the soil, is provided with a sealing member, and the bottom of the water collecting box is connected to several The drip pipes 9 are connected, and the free ends of several drip pipes 9 extend outward and are distributed in a star shape. The drainage holes are connected to the second connecting pipe through the first pipe; when it rains, the seal at the end of the second connecting pipe 8 is opened to play a role in exhaust, and rainwater is collected in the water collection trough and discharged into the water collection box. After the water collection box is full of water, the seal is used to seal the free end of the second connecting pipe 8. Since the water collection box is in a closed state, the water in the water collection box cannot be discharged through the drip pipe 9; after the rain stops and the sky clears, as the moisture in the soil of the ditch 2 evaporates and the salt content increases, the seal is opened. Under the action of air pressure, the water in the water collection box can be discharged through the drip pipe 9 to prevent the salt from rising; after the water in the water collection box is drained, fresh water can be injected into the second connecting pipe 8 at one end of the ditch. Since the water collection box is connected through the first connecting pipe 7, the water collection boxes in the same ditch will be filled with water for use in salt pressure. The first connecting pipe 7 is tilted to avoid water accumulation in the connecting pipe;

[0073] Step 3: Wash the soil salt on the ridges with water through the dripping belt. The dripping flow rate of the dripping belt is 2L / h, and the dripping is 3 hours each time, with an interval of 2 days between each dripping. The salinity index of the soil on the ridges is adjusted by increasing the dripping frequency according to the salt tolerance of the planted crops, so that the soil on the ridges is suitable for the growth of the planted crops. After the crops are planted on the ridges, the seeds of Salicornia herba are evenly mixed with fine sand and evenly spread in the ridge furrows. The sowing rate of Salicornia herba seeds is 20g / m 2 .

[0074] During crop planting, when it rains, the film collects rainwater into the grooves and then collects it into the water collection tank through the first pipe. After the rain stops or the water collection tank is full, the seal seals the second connecting pipe 8 to prevent the water in the water collection tank from draining through the drip pipe 9. After the rain stops and the sky clears, as the water in the ridge soil evaporates, salt will migrate upward with the water, causing the soil salinity to rise. When the salt content in the bottom soil layer, that is, the salinity of the soil at the bottom of the water collection tank, increases, the seal opens, and the water in the water collection tank is discharged through the drip pipe 9 to suppress the salt. By sowing saltwort in the ridge, the saltwort absorbs the salt in the ridge and removes it from the soil. Controlling the ridge height and the sowing rate of saltwort, on the one hand, increases the planting density of saltwort by sowing rate, so that the growth space and nutrients of saltwort are limited, and prevents the saltwort from being too tall and affecting the crops on the ridge. On the other hand, the dense saltwort can effectively seal the ridge height, reducing the evaporation of ridge water and the upward migration rate of salt in the lower layer. This embodiment, through the combined use of a water collection tank and the planting of saltwort, plays a role in controlling the salinization of the soil above the water collection tank, so that the cultivated soil above the water collection tank is gradually and thoroughly treated, making it suitable for crop growth. When planting crops, holes are punched in the film and the corresponding crops are planted.

[0075] <Effect Test>

[0076] Test 1: Comparison of water consumption for salt washing

[0077] Comparative Example 1: In soil with a salinity index EC value of 10mS / cm, irrigation was used to reduce salt. Even when the soil moisture content reached saturation, the salt in the topsoil was leached and infiltrated into the deeper soil layers, achieving the purpose of salt reduction and desalination. The water consumption is shown in Table 1.

[0078] Comparative Example 2: In soil with a salinity index EC value of 10mS / cm, salt was washed using the method of Example 1. The drip irrigation tape flow rate was 2L / h, the drip irrigation tape had 10 water outlets per meter, and each water outlet had 5 water holes. The water consumption is shown in Table 1.

[0079] Comparative Example 3: In soil with a salinity index EC value of 10mS / cm, salt was washed using the method of Example 2. The drip irrigation tape flow rate was 2L / h, there were 10 water outlets per meter of the drip irrigation tape, and each water outlet had 5 water holes. The water consumption is shown in Table 1.

[0080] Comparative Example 4: In soil with a salinity index EC value of 10mS / cm, the method of Example 3 was used to wash salt, the drip tape flow rate was 2L / h, the drip tape had 10 water outlet points per meter, and each water outlet point had 5 water holes. The water consumption is shown in Table 1.

[0081] The same saline-alkali land was divided into four equal parts. The above method was used to wash the salt until the soil salinity index EC value was approximately equal to 2±0.3mS / cm. Drip irrigation was stopped and the water consumption was shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1 Water consumption statistics

[0083] <![CDATA[Water consumption (m 3 / mu)]]> Comparative Example 1 180 Comparative Example 2 17 Comparative Example 3 18 Comparative Example 4 16

[0084] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that the water consumption of Comparative Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Comparative Examples 2-4, indicating that the method of the present invention can effectively reduce the water consumption for salt washing and reduce the cost of salt washing in saline-alkali land.

[0085] Experiment 2: Comparison of Potato Yields Using Permeable Substrates

[0086] Comparative Example 5: The method of Example 1 was used to wash the salt until the EC value reached 2±0.3 mS / cm, holes were punched in the film, and potatoes were planted. Conventional field management techniques were used for management, and the yield was shown in Table 2.

[0087] Comparative Example 6: Potatoes were planted using the method of Comparative Example 1, except that no crushed straw was added during rotary tillage. The potato yield is shown in Table 2.

[0088] Comparative Example 7: The method of Example 1 was used to wash the salt until the EC value reached 2±0.3 mS / cm, holes were punched in the film, and sunflowers were planted. Conventional field management techniques were used for management, and the yield was shown in Table 2.

[0089] Comparative Example 8: Sunflowers were planted using the method of Comparative Example 1, except that no crushed straw was added during rotary tillage. The sunflower yield is shown in Table 2.

[0090] The same saline-alkali land was divided into four equal parts for seed potatoes, and the yield results are shown in Table 2.

[0091] Table 2 Crop yield

[0092] Yield (jin / mu) Comparative Example 5 3264 Comparative Example 6 2312 Comparative Example 7 632 Comparative Example 8 465

[0093] From the results in Table 2, it can be seen that the crop yields of Comparative Examples 6 and 8 are lower than those of Comparative Examples 5 and 7. The reason may be that the soil on the ridges lacks a permeable matrix, resulting in poor water permeability and air permeability of the soil on the ridges. Water accumulates in the biological soil on the ridges, affecting the growth of crops and thus the yield.

[0094] Experiment 3: Effects of Multiple Planting on Soil EC Value and Crop Yield

[0095] Comparative Example 9: The soil was rotary tilled to evenly mix the straw with the soil. Ridges were formed with a ridge height of 60 cm and a ridge furrow width of 50 cm. No film was applied. Water was dripped onto the upper surface of the ridge and the soil on both sides of the ridge until the EC value of the soil reached 2±0.3 mS / cm. Potatoes were first planted on the ridges, and sunflowers were planted on the ridges after the potatoes were harvested. Conventional field management techniques were used to manage the potatoes and sunflowers during the planting period. The yield of the potatoes and sunflowers was calculated after the potatoes were harvested. The salinity index EC value of the soil on the ridges and the salinity index EC value of the soil in the ridges after the sunflowers were harvested were tested. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0096] Comparative Example 10: The method provided in Example 1 was used to wash the salt from the soil on the upper surface and both sides of the ridge to an EC value of 2±0.3 mS / cm. Holes were punched in the film, and potatoes were planted first. After the potatoes were harvested, the damaged film was replaced, and holes were punched in the film to plant sunflowers. Conventional field management techniques were used to manage the potatoes and sunflowers during the planting period. After the potatoes and sunflowers were harvested, their yields were counted, and the salinity index EC value of the soil on the ridge and the salinity index EC value of the soil in the ridge ditch after harvesting the sunflowers were tested. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0097] Comparative Example 11: Using the method provided in Example 4, the soil on the upper surface and both sides of the ridge was desalted to an EC value of 2±0.3 mS / cm. Then, holes were punched in the film, and potatoes were planted first. After the potatoes were harvested, the damaged film was replaced, and sunflowers were planted in the film with holes punched in. Conventional field management techniques were used during the planting period. During the potato and sunflower planting period, salina was sown in the ridge furrows. After the potato and sunflower harvest, the yields of the potatoes and sunflowers were counted, and the EC values ​​of the soil salinity index after the sunflower harvest and in the ridge furrows were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0098] Comparative Example 12: Using the method provided in Example 5, the soil on the upper surface and both sides of the ridge was desalted to an EC value of 2±0.3 mS / cm. Salicornia herbacea was planted in the ridge furrows, and holes were punched in the film. Potatoes were planted first. After the potatoes were harvested, the damaged film was replaced, and sunflowers were planted in the perforated film. Conventional field management techniques were used during the planting period. During the planting period, if the salinity at the bottom of the sump was monitored to increase, the seal was opened to use fresh water from the sump to desalinate the soil. After the potato and sunflower harvests, the yields were counted, and the EC values ​​of the soil salinity index after the sunflower harvest and in the ridge furrows were measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0099] The same saline-alkali land with a salinity index EC value of 10 mS / cm was divided into four parts, which were treated with the above method and planted with relevant crops. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0100] Table 3 Soil EC values ​​and crop yields

[0101]

[0102]

[0103] From the results in Table 3, it can be seen that the potato yield and sunflower yield of Comparative Example 9 are lower than those of Comparative Examples 9-12, and the EC value of the soil on the ridge is higher than that of Comparative Examples 9-12. The reason may be that when the upper surface and both sides of the ridge are not covered with film, during the planting process, water guides salt to the upper surface and both sides of the ridge soil, causing the salt content of the upper surface and both sides of the ridge soil to continue to increase, significantly affecting the growth of potatoes and sunflowers, and thus affecting the yield of potatoes and sunflowers.

[0104] In Comparative Examples 10 to 12, the salinity of the soil on the ridges remained basically unchanged after potatoes were planted in the first season and sunflowers were planted in the second season, indicating that the method of the present invention can permanently prevent the salt content in the lower soil from rising, thereby achieving permanent treatment of saline-alkali soil.

[0105] The salinity of the ridge soil in Comparative Example 11 is lower than that in Comparative Examples 9 and 10, indicating that the present invention can absorb the salt in the ridge soil by planting Salicornia herba, thereby removing the salt in the ridge soil.

[0106] The salinity of the ridge soil in Comparative Example 12 is lower than that in Comparative Example 9 and Comparative Example 10, and lower than that in Comparative Example 11, indicating that the water collecting box and the drip pipe 9 of the present invention can inhibit the upward migration of salt at the bottom of the water collecting box, and the saltwort absorbs the salt in the soil above the water collecting box, thereby removing the salt in the soil above the water collecting box. By dripping water from the drip pipe 9 to inhibit the rise of salt, and repeatedly planting saltwort to absorb the salt in the soil, the saline-alkali land can be managed. After the salinity index of the soil above the squeezing bucket meets the requirements for crop growth, the water collecting box and the drip pipe 9 can be used to inhibit the rise of salt in the lower soil. At this time, when planting, there is no need to cover the soil with a film, and the planting layer soil can be thoroughly managed.

[0107] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for treating and reclaiming saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: applying a permeable matrix to the surface of the saline-alkali land, rotary tilling the soil to mix the permeable matrix and the soil evenly, and forming ridges; wherein the permeable matrix is ​​one or more of coal slag, sand and gravel, or straw; Step 2: Lay a drip tape on the top of the ridge, and spread the film on the drip tape so that the entire upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge are covered with the film, compact the soil in time, and keep the upper surface of the ridge and both sides of the ridge covered with the film tightly; Step 3: Wash the soil salt on the ridges with water through the dripping belt, and adjust the salinity index of the soil on the ridges according to the salt tolerance of the crops. The amount of permeable matrix added is 1000-10000 kg / mu; the ridge height is 20-60 cm, and the ridge ditch width is 15-50 cm; grooves are set at the bottom of both sides of the ridge, and the free ends of the film extend to the grooves, and the film is covered on the grooves to form a water collection trough. A drainage hole is set at the bottom of the water collection trough, and a water collection well is set in the ditch. The interval between the water collection wells is 3-5m. A water collecting tank is provided in the middle, the top of the water collecting tank is at least 10 cm away from the surface soil, and a drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the water collecting tank. A first connecting pipe is provided on the top of two adjacent water collecting tanks in the same row of furrows, and a second connecting pipe is provided on the top of the water collecting tanks at both ends of the furrow. The free end of the second connecting pipe extends above the soil surface, and the free end of the second connecting pipe is provided with a seal. The bottom of the water collecting tank is connected to a plurality of drip pipes, and the free ends of the drip pipes extend outward and are distributed in a star shape. The drainage holes are connected to the second connecting pipe through the first pipe; Salicornia herbacea is planted in the furrows, and the sowing rate of Salicornia herbacea is 20-30g / m 2 , after the seeds of saltwort are mixed evenly with fine sand, they are evenly spread in the furrows; When it rains, the seal at the end of the second connecting pipe is opened to vent air, and rainwater is collected in the water collecting trough and discharged into the water collecting box. After the water collecting box is full of water, the seal is used to close the free end of the second connecting pipe. Since the water collecting box is in a closed state, the water in the water collecting box cannot be discharged through the drip pipe. After the rain stops and the sky clears, as the moisture in the ditch soil evaporates and the salt content increases, the seal is opened. Under the action of air pressure, the water in the water collecting box can be discharged through the drip pipe to prevent the salt from rising. After the water in the water collecting box is drained, fresh water can be injected into the second connecting pipe at one end of the ditch. Since the water collecting tanks are connected through the first connecting pipe, the water collecting tanks in the same ditch will be filled with water for use in salt compression. The first connecting pipe is arranged at an angle to avoid water accumulation in the connecting pipe.

2. The saline-alkali land treatment and reclamation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting pipe between two adjacent water collecting tanks is arranged at an angle.

3. The saline-alkali land treatment and reclamation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The straw is crushed and the straw particle size is less than 1 cm.

4. The saline-alkali land treatment and reclamation method according to claim 1, wherein: Monitor the changes in soil moisture and salinity on the ridges, and adjust the soil moisture and salinity through dripping water from the drip tape to meet crop growth needs.

5. The saline-alkali land treatment and reclamation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dripping flow rate of the drip tape is 2L / h, each dripping lasts 3-4 hours, and the dripping is 1-5 times, with an interval of 2-3 days between each dripping.

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