Top support and working method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a roof support and a working method thereof. The roof support comprises a base, a top beam, a column and an airbag jack. The base comprises at least two columns connected by a bottom adjustment cylinder; the top beam comprises at least two columns connected by a top adjustment cylinder; the columns are retractable columns, the top and bottom ends of the columns are connected to the top beam and the base respectively; the airbag jack is installed on the top beam, and each top beam is installed with a plurality of airbag jacks. The plurality of airbag jacks are used to achieve different degrees of extension to fully adapt to the inclined coal seam roof or uneven roof, apply active support and roof protection, and adjust the position of the roof support structure according to the inclination direction of the roadway roof, the support direction, and the top connection position of the left and right top beams of the support, so as to achieve full top connection support of the support under different conditions. The airbag jack is used for top connection, and the overall operation is easy and the installation is convenient. It has the advantages of high safety, convenient operation and wide adaptability, and can be freely assembled according to the inclination angle of the roadway roof and the direction of the support.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining equipment, and in particular to a top support and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Mining requires a support system consisting of supports. For example, in coal mining, the surrounding rock of the advanced roadway is subjected to multiple supporting pressures due to the impact of mining operations at the coal face, resulting in complex mine pressure. Furthermore, this section is densely populated with equipment, creating a bottleneck for pedestrians, ventilation, and transportation, presenting key maintenance and management challenges. Given the importance of the fully-mechanized mining face end and advanced drift, coal mine safety regulations stipulate that "support must be reinforced within the range of advanced pressure at all safety exits and roadway junctions within the coal face, and the length of the roadway to be reinforced must not be less than 20 meters." Two methods are commonly used to support the drift roof of the fully-mechanized mining face: one is single hydraulic supports, which are manually installed and retracted; the other is dedicated advanced support systems for the fully-mechanized mining face drift. Currently, advanced supports are used in virtually all lanes of the fully-mechanized mining face, ensuring mechanization and automation of end support operations. This facilitates rapid advancement of the fully-mechanized mining face, safe production, and high efficiency and productivity.

[0003] However, there are still many problems with the adaptability, design methods, and use of advance supports, and there is an urgent need to study the support system composed of advance hydraulic supports. For example, in the mining process of medium-thick coal seams with gentle inclinations (8° to 25°), the tunnel excavation section adopts a trapezoidal cross-section based on the coal seam inclination. When the advance supports are used in the lane during mining, the supports are affected by the roof inclination. The low side of the roadway roof above the support top beam first contacts and bears force with one side of the support top beam. Affected by the integrity of the support top beam, the other side of the top beam cannot continue to rise to connect with the roof. Subsequently, the high-side support top beam, side guard plate, and the upper roof form a triangular empty roof area, resulting in support quality that does not meet the requirements and inability to apply effective initial support force to the roadway roof, affecting the safety and maneuverability of mining operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a top connection support and a working method thereof, which are used to solve the problem of top connection of two longitudinal advance support supports during the mining process of a fully mechanized mining face in a gently inclined ore layer, thereby realizing effective top connection support of the supports.

[0005] The present invention provides a roof support, comprising a base, a top beam, a column and an airbag jack, wherein there are at least two bases, and two adjacent bases are connected by a bottom adjustment cylinder; there are at least two top beams, and two adjacent top beams are connected by a top adjustment cylinder; the column is a telescopic column, and the top and bottom ends of the column are respectively connected to the top beam and the base; the airbag jack is installed on the top beam, and multiple airbag jacks are installed on each top beam.

[0006] According to the top support provided by the present invention, side guard plates are hinged on both sides of the top beam, the side guard plates are hinged to the top beam in the horizontal direction, the side guard plates are connected to the side guard cylinders, and the two ends of the side guard cylinders are hinged to the bottom of the side guard plates and the sides of the top beam respectively.

[0007] According to the top support provided by the present invention, the top beam and the side guard plate are both provided with a hinge seat, and a hinge assembly is installed on the hinge seat, and the hinge assembly includes a hinge connector and a fixed mounting plate vertically connected to each other; the hinge connector is an arc-shaped plate, which is hinged to the hinge seat through a pin shaft; the airbag jack is fixed on the fixed mounting plate.

[0008] According to the top bracket provided by the present invention, an upper guard plate is fixed to the top of the airbag jack, a retractable corrugated protective cover is provided between the upper guard plate and the hinge seat, and the airbag jack and the hinge assembly are located in the retractable corrugated protective cover.

[0009] According to the top bracket provided by the present invention, a rotating pull rod assembly is arranged between the upper guard plate and the fixed mounting plate, and the rotating pull rod assembly includes a fixed slide rail and a movable rod. The fixed slide rail is perpendicular to the fixed mounting plate and one end is fixed to the fixed mounting plate. A slider is movably installed in the fixed slide rail, and one end of the movable rod is hinged to the slider, and the other end is hinged to the upper guard plate.

[0010] According to the top support provided by the present invention, a plurality of tension springs are provided in the hinge seat, and both ends of the tension springs are fixedly connected to the hinge seat and the fixed mounting plate respectively. The plurality of tension springs are symmetrically distributed or circumferentially evenly distributed in the hinge seat.

[0011] According to the top support provided by the present invention, the top support also includes a hydraulic control system and a pneumatic control system. The hydraulic control system is suitable for adjusting and controlling the column, the top adjustment cylinder, the bottom adjustment cylinder and the side protection cylinder respectively through a hydraulic operation valve group; the pneumatic control system is suitable for adjusting and controlling all the airbag jacks respectively through a pneumatic operation valve group. The hydraulic operation valve group is fixed to the base, and the pneumatic operation valve group is fixed to the top beam.

[0012] According to the top support provided by the present invention, the front and rear sides of the top beam are respectively hinged to hinged beams, which are divided into a front beam and a tail beam. The hinged beam is hinged to the top beam in the horizontal direction. The hinged beam is connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the bottom of the hinged beam and the side of the top beam.

[0013] According to the roof support provided by the present invention, a plurality of lifting rings are provided on the top beam.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for operating the top support, which is suitable for using the top support, and includes the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: According to the inclination angle and direction of the tunnel roof, determine the installation direction of the roof support. Taking the inclination direction of the tunnel roof as the standard, the higher side of the tunnel roof is recorded as the high side, and the lower side is recorded as the low side. The two side guard plates on both sides of the top beam are located on the high side and the low side respectively;

[0016] Step 2: Install the airbag jack on the side guard plate on the high side, and install two or more airbag jacks on the top beam near the high side along the inclination direction of the tunnel roof;

[0017] Step 3: Using the hydraulic control system to adjust the extension of the column through the hydraulic operation valve group, driving the top beam to rise until the edge of the top beam on the lower side contacts the roadway roof;

[0018] Step 4: Using the hydraulic control system to adjust and control the side guard cylinders through the hydraulic operation valve group, so that the side guard plates on the low side are in contact with the roadway roof, and the side guard plates on the high side are flush with the top beam; using the pneumatic control system to adjust and control the airbag jacks on the high side through the pneumatic operation valve group, so that the upper guard plates on all the airbag jacks are in contact with the roadway roof, respectively, to provide roof support;

[0019] Step 5: After the roof support is installed, a staged mining operation is carried out on the fully mechanized mining face. After the mining is completed, the hydraulic control system is used to adjust the column retraction through the hydraulic operation valve group, and then the roof support is pushed along the roadway direction toward the stop-mining push line, ensuring that the anchor rod of the roadway roof is always in the gap between the two groups of the air bag jacks of the roof support;

[0020] Step 6: After the pushed top support reaches the working position, repeat the above steps 3, 4 and 5 to continuously complete the top support operation and the comprehensive mining working face stage mining operation.

[0021] The present invention provides a roof support and a working method thereof, which applies an effective initial support force to the tunnel roof through an airbag jack, and adjusts the position of the roof structure according to the inclination direction of the tunnel roof, the support direction, and the top connection position of the left and right top beams of the support, so as to achieve full roof support of the support under different conditions. The use of airbag jacks for roof connection is easy to operate and install as a whole, and has the advantages of high safety, convenient operation, and wide adaptability. In a medium and thick coal seam with a gentle inclination (8° to 25°), the roof structure can be freely assembled according to the inclination angle of the tunnel roof, the support direction, the top connection position of the left and right top beams of the support, etc. The airbag jacks are arranged in groups on the top beam and the side guard plate to achieve full roof connection needs, and gaps are reserved between each group to avoid damage and failure of the original tunnel anchor support during the top connection process of the support. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel support state of the top support provided by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The present invention provides Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of part A;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a front view of the expanded structure of the top support provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 The present invention provides Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of part B;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a front view structural contraction schematic diagram of the top support provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the top support provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 The present invention provides Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the C part structure;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the top structure of the top support provided by the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals:

[0032] 1. Column; 2. Top beam; 3. Base; 4. Articulated beam; 5. Side guard plate; 6. Side guard cylinder; 7. Top adjustment cylinder; 8. Bottom adjustment cylinder; 9. Hydraulic operating valve group; 10. Airbag jack; 11. Articulated seat; 12. Rotating pull rod assembly; 13. Extension spring; 14. Articulated assembly; 15. Retractable corrugated protective cover; 16. Upper guard plate; 17. Cover plate; 18. Pipeline hole; 19. Pneumatic operating valve group; 20. Pin; 21. Lifting ring;

[0033] 12-1, fixed slide rail; 12-2, movable rod; 12-3, slider;

[0034] 14-1. Articulated connector; 14-2. Fixed mounting plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections; and direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0039] In the description of this specification, the reference terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiment of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0040] The present invention provides a specific embodiment of the top support, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the top bracket includes a base 3, a top beam 2, a column 1 and an airbag jack 10. There are at least two bases 3, and two adjacent bases 3 are connected by a bottom adjustment cylinder 8; there are at least two top beams 2, and two adjacent top beams 2 are connected by a top adjustment cylinder 7; the column 1 is a retractable column, and the top and bottom ends of the column 1 are respectively connected to the top beam 2 and the base 3; the airbag jack 10 is installed on the top beam 2, and multiple airbag jacks 10 are installed on each top beam 2.

[0041] During use, the roof support of this embodiment extends the uprights 1, causing the top beam 2 to move toward the tunnel roof. The airbag jacks 10 on the top beam 2 adapt to the inclination angle of the tunnel roof, ensuring that the airbag jacks 10 fully contact the tunnel roof at different inclination angles. Multiple airbag jacks 10 are freely assembled and combined, enabling the top support to actively support the roof in different tunnel orientations and at different roof inclination angles, fully ensuring the adaptability and support quality of the top support. During the extension of the uprights 1, the top adjustment cylinders 7 and bottom adjustment cylinders 8 adjust and stretch the two sets of top beams 2 to prevent excessive displacement in the inclination direction of the tunnel roof, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the roof support.

[0042] On the basis of the above embodiment, in this embodiment, combined with Figure 3、 Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, side guard plates 5 are hingedly connected to each side of top beam 2. Side guard plates 5 are hinged to top beam 2 horizontally. Side guard plates 5 are connected to side guard cylinders 6, the ends of which are hinged to the bottom of side guard plates 5 and the sides of top beam 2, respectively. Both top beam 2 and side guard plates 5 are provided with hinged seats 11, on which hinge assembly 14 is mounted. Hinge assembly 14 comprises a vertically connected hinged connector 14-1 and a fixed mounting plate 14-2. Hinge connector 14-1 is an arcuate plate, hinged to hinge seat 11 via a pin 20. Fixed mounting plate 14-2 secures airbag jack 10. During the use of the top support, it is not necessary to install the airbag jack 10 in all the articulated seats 11 through the articulated assembly 14. The airbag jack 10 is installed on the articulated seat 11 on the high side along the inclination direction of the tunnel roof, and the articulated seat 11 of the side guard plate 5 on the low side does not need to be installed with the airbag jack 10. It only needs to install the cover plate 17 to prevent slag and stone from entering the articulated seat 11, and adjust the angle of the side guard plate 5 through the side guard cylinder 6 to make it fit with the tunnel roof to complete the top connection.

[0043] Specifically, the supporting height of the top bracket is 2200mm~4500mm, and the supporting width is 4505mm~5500mm. The airbag jack 10 is customized according to the need for top connection. In this embodiment, three airbag jacks 10 with different height specifications are used to facilitate top connection support at different heights in the triangular area above the bracket top beam and side guard plate, namely: airbag jack a: minimum height 210mm, maximum height 510mm; airbag jack b: minimum height 150mm, maximum height 450mm; airbag jack c: minimum height 80mm, maximum height 280mm. Combined with Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the articulated connector 14-1 is articulated to the articulated seat 11 via a pin 20. As the articulated connector 14-1 rotates relative to the articulated seat 11, the fixed airbag jack 10 fixed to the fixed mounting plate 14-2 can achieve a deflection of 10° to the left and right. Four groups of airbag jacks 10 are installed on a top beam 2 and a side guard plate 5 of each top support to meet the top connection needs. Each group of airbag jacks 10 includes 9 airbag jacks 10, and each group consists of 3 rows. Each row is equipped with 3 airbag jacks 10 (2 are located on the top beam 2, and 1 is located on the side guard plate 5). The length of each group is 920mm, and the interval between each two groups is 250 / 270mm. The main purpose of setting the interval between each two groups is to prevent the original tunnel roof anchor (cable) support from being damaged during the top connection process of the top support.

[0044] Furthermore, an upper guard plate 16 is fixed to the top of the airbag jack 10, and a retractable corrugated protective cover 15 is provided between the upper guard plate 16 and the hinge seat 11. The airbag jack 10 and the hinge assembly 14 are located within the retractable corrugated protective cover 15, and the airbag jack 10 and the hinge assembly 14 are covered by the retractable corrugated protective cover 15. The retractable corrugated protective cover 15 can be a retractable corrugated rubber dust cover, and its main function is to prevent roof crushing debris from contacting the airbag jack 10 and avoiding damage to the airbag of the airbag jack 10.

[0045] During the process of supporting the roof support, in order to facilitate the airbag jack 10 to support the change with the inclination angle of the tunnel roof, in this embodiment, Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a rotating pull rod assembly 12 is arranged between the upper guard plate 16 and the fixed mounting plate 14-2. The rotating pull rod assembly 12 includes a fixed slide rail 12-1 and a movable rod 12-2. The fixed slide rail 12-1 is perpendicular to the fixed mounting plate 14-2 and one end is fixed to the fixed mounting plate 14-2. A slider 12-3 is movably installed in the fixed slide rail 12-1. One end of the movable rod 12-2 is hinged to the slider 12-3, and the other end is hinged to the upper guard plate 16. The upper guard plate 16 is controlled to deflect and tilt by the extension and retraction of the airbag jack 10 and the rotating pull rod assembly 12 to achieve lower top support at different inclination angles. Specifically, the movable rod 12-2 is connected to the upper guard plate 16. The upper guard plate 16 moves upward as the airbag jack 10 is inflated and stops moving when it reaches the top of the fixed slide rail 12-1. The airbag jack 10 continues to rise and drives the upper guard plate 16 to deflect and tilt about the axis at the hinge of the slider 12-3, so that the angle of the upper guard plate 16 adapts to the inclination angle of the tunnel roof, ensuring that the upper guard plate fully contacts the tunnel roof.

[0046] Multiple tension springs 13 are installed within the hinge base 11. The ends of the tension springs 13 are fixedly connected to the hinge base 11 and the fixed mounting plate 14-2, respectively. The multiple tension springs 13 are symmetrically distributed or evenly distributed circumferentially within the hinge base 11. The tension springs 13 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the hinge base 11 to maintain the fixed mounting plate 14-2 and the upper guard plate 16 level on a daily basis, ensuring proper connection to the ceiling, such as when encountering a level roof.

[0047] To ensure the proper operation of the various cylinders and airbag jacks 10 of the roof support, in this embodiment, the roof support further includes a hydraulic control system, an air control system, a hydraulically operated valve group 9, and an air-operated valve group 19. A control frame is mounted on the base 3, and the hydraulically operated valve group 9 is fixed to the control frame of the base 3. A control frame is suspended below the top beam 2, and the air-operated valve group 19 is fixed to the control frame suspended below the top beam 2. The hydraulic control system is adapted to separately adjust and control the upright column 1, the top adjustment cylinder 7, the bottom adjustment cylinder 8, and the side guard cylinder 6 via the hydraulically operated valve group 9. The valve switches of all the cylinders in the roof support structure are integrated into the hydraulically operated valve group 9, which is connected to each cylinder via hydraulic pipelines. The hydraulically operated valve group 9 can be controlled by the hydraulic control system, which can be located on a remote computer, such as a control center on the ground, to enable remote operation of the roof support in the mine. The pneumatic control system is suitable for adjusting and controlling all the airbag jacks 10 separately through the pneumatic control operating valve group 19. A pipeline hole 18 is opened on the fixed mounting plate 14-2 for fixing the airbag jack 10. The pneumatic control system uses compressed air in the mine as the power source (the same as the power source used by the anchor drilling rig) to enable each airbag jack 10 to operate within the effective stroke. The airway pipeline is connected to the airbag jack 10 through the pipeline hole 18 to achieve airway penetration. The control switch valves of all airbag jacks 10 are integrated into the pneumatic control operating valve group 19 to achieve separate control. The corresponding airbag jacks 10 can be freely assembled according to needs. The same pneumatic control system can be set on a computer on the ground to achieve remote control.

[0048] This embodiment, based on the above-mentioned embodiments, adds hinged beams 4 to the front and rear sides of top beam 2. The hinged beams 4 are hinged to the front and rear sides of top beam 2, forming a front beam and a tail beam. The hinged beams 4 are horizontally hinged to top beam 2 and connected to a hydraulic cylinder. The ends of the hydraulic cylinder are hinged to the bottom of the hinged beam 4 and the sides of top beam 2, respectively. The hinged beams 4 protect the top support. When debris and rocks fall from the top of the tunnel, the hinged beams 4 prevent them from hitting the main structure of the top support. To effectively utilize space, it is not necessary to install hinged beams 4 on all sides. Depending on the specific situation, the appropriate side can be selected for installation to ensure sufficient space for the top support and to ensure that the normal operation of the top support is not affected. For example, in this embodiment, the front beam can be installed without the tail beam. This embodiment also includes multiple lifting rings 21 on top beam 2 to facilitate the lifting of the entire support.

[0049] During the mining process of gently inclined medium-thick coal seams, when the advance support is carried out in the longitudinal direction, the support is affected by the inclination angle of the roof. The low side of the tunnel roof above the support top beam first contacts and bears force with one side of the support top beam. Affected by the integrity of the support top beam, the other side of the top beam cannot continue to rise to connect with the roof. Then the high-side support top beam, the side guard plate and the upper roof form a triangular empty top area. The present invention adopts the airbag jack 10 to actively support the triangular area above the support top beam and the side guard plate, suppressing the deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock. At the same time, through free combination and assembly, the active top support of the advance support in different tunnel directions, different roof inclination directions, etc. is realized, fully ensuring the adaptability and support quality of the hydraulic advance support. The airbag jacks 10 are arranged in groups on the top beam and the side guard plate to prevent the original tunnel roof anchor (cable) support from being damaged during the top connection process of the top support. Specifically, the present invention provides a working method of a top support, which is suitable for using the above-mentioned top support, and includes the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: According to the inclination angle and direction of the tunnel roof, confirm the installation direction of the roof support. Taking the inclination direction of the tunnel roof as the standard, the higher side of the tunnel roof is recorded as the high side, and the lower side is recorded as the low side. The two side guard plates 5 on both sides of the top beam 2 are located on the high side and the low side respectively;

[0051] Step 2: Install an airbag jack 10 on the side guard plate 5 on the high side, and install two or more airbag jacks 10 on the top beam 2 near the high side along the inclination direction of the tunnel roof. The number of airbag jacks 10 to be installed can be determined based on the size of the gap between the top beam and the tunnel roof (or the degree of the empty roof);

[0052] Step 3: Use the hydraulic control system to adjust the extension of the column 1 through the hydraulic operation valve group 9, driving the top beam 2 to rise until the edge of the top beam 2 on the lower side contacts the tunnel roof;

[0053] Step 4: Use the hydraulic control system to adjust and control the side guard cylinder 6 through the hydraulic operation valve group 9, so that the side guard plate 5 on the low side is connected to the tunnel roof, and the side guard plate 5 on the high side is flush with the top beam 2; use the pneumatic control system to adjust and control the air bag jack 10 on the high side through the pneumatic operation valve group 19, so that the upper guard plates 16 on all air bag jacks 10 are connected to the tunnel roof, respectively, to provide roof support;

[0054] Step 5: After the top support is installed, the staged mining operation is carried out in the fully mechanized mining face. After the mining is completed, the hydraulic control system is used to adjust the contraction of the column 1 through the hydraulic operation valve group 9, and then the top support is pushed along the roadway direction to the stop-mining push line, and it is ensured that the anchor rods of the roadway roof are always in the gap between the two groups of air bag jacks 10 of the top support; taking coal mining as an example, the advancement step is mainly adjusted according to the row spacing between the anchor rods and the cutting footage of the coal mining machine on the working face to reduce damage to the original support mechanism of the roof;

[0055] Step 6: After the pushed top support reaches the working position, repeat the above steps 3, 4 and 5 to continuously complete the top support operation and the comprehensive mining working face stage mining operation.

[0056] In summary, the roof support of the present invention is provided with hinged seats on the top beam and side guard plates of the support, and pins are used to realize the assembly of airbag connecting jacks with the top beam and side guard plates. A hydraulic system is used to operate each jack to realize the lifting, extension, and overall movement of the support. A pneumatic control system using compressed air from underground coal mines as a power source (the same power source used by anchor drilling rigs) realizes the effective stroke of each airbag jack to achieve full contact with the tunnel roof and active support. That is, the airbag jack is assembled by installing a reserved hinged seat and pin on the top beam of the support, the hydraulic control system controls the overall partial roof connection of the support, and the pneumatic control system adjusts the lifting of the airbag jack to achieve full contact with the tunnel roof, and effectively supports the tunnel roof through the airbag jack. The present invention uses airbag jacks for roof connection, which is easy to operate and install as a whole. It has the advantages of high safety, convenient operation, and wide adaptability. It can be freely assembled according to the inclination angle of the tunnel and the direction of the support.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top support, characterized in that: include: A base (3), wherein there are at least two bases (3), and two adjacent bases (3) are connected via a bottom adjustment cylinder (8); A top beam (2), wherein there are at least two top beams (2), and two adjacent top beams (2) are connected via a top adjustment cylinder (7); side guard plates (5) are hinged to both sides of the top beam (2), and the side guard plates (5) are hinged to the top beam (2) in the horizontal direction, and the side guard plates (5) are connected to the side guard cylinders (6), and the two ends of the side guard cylinders (6) are hinged to the bottom of the side guard plates (5) and the side of the top beam (2), respectively; a hinge seat (11) is provided on both the top beam (2) and the side guard plates (5), and a hinge seat (11) is installed on the hinge seat (11). The hinge assembly (14) comprises a hinge connector (14-1) and a fixed mounting plate (14-2) vertically connected to each other; the hinge connector (14-1) is an arc-shaped plate, which is hinged to the hinge seat (11) through a pin (20); a plurality of tension springs (13) are provided in the hinge seat (11), and the two ends of the tension springs (13) are respectively fixedly connected to the hinge seat (11) and the fixed mounting plate (14-2), and the plurality of tension springs (13) are symmetrically distributed or circumferentially uniformly distributed in the hinge seat (11); A column (1), the column (1) being a retractable column, the top and bottom ends of the column (1) being connected to the top beam (2) and the base (3) respectively; An airbag jack (10) is installed on the top beam (2), and a plurality of the airbag jacks (10) are installed on each top beam (2); an upper guard plate (16) is fixed to the top of the airbag jack (10), a retractable corrugated protective cover (15) is provided between the upper guard plate (16) and the hinge seat (11), and the airbag jack (10) and the hinge assembly (14) are located in the retractable corrugated protective cover (15).

2. The top support according to claim 1, wherein: A rotating pull rod assembly (12) is provided between the upper guard plate (16) and the fixed mounting plate (14-2), and the rotating pull rod assembly (12) comprises a fixed slide rail (12-1) and a movable rod (12-2), wherein the fixed slide rail (12-1) is perpendicular to the fixed mounting plate (14-2) and one end is fixed to the fixed mounting plate (14-2), a sliding block (12-3) is movably installed in the fixed slide rail (12-1), and one end of the movable rod (12-2) is hinged to the sliding block (12-3), and the other end is hinged to the upper guard plate (16).

3. The top support according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a hydraulic control system and a pneumatic control system, wherein the hydraulic control system is suitable for adjusting and controlling the column (1), the top adjustment cylinder (7), the bottom adjustment cylinder (8) and the side protection cylinder (6) respectively through a hydraulic operation valve group (9); the pneumatic control system is suitable for adjusting and controlling all the airbag jacks (10) respectively through a pneumatic operation valve group (19), the hydraulic operation valve group (9) is fixed to the base (3), and the pneumatic operation valve group (19) is fixed to the top beam (2).

4. The top support according to claim 3, wherein: The front and rear side surfaces of the top beam (2) are respectively hinged to hinged beams (4), which are divided into a front beam and a tail beam. The hinged beam (4) is hinged to the top beam (2) in the horizontal direction. The hinged beam (4) is connected to a hydraulic cylinder. The two ends of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the bottom of the hinged beam (4) and the side of the top beam (2).

5. The top support according to claim 4, characterized in that: A plurality of lifting rings (21) are provided on the top beam (2).

6. A method for working a top support, characterized in that: A method suitable for using the top support according to any one of claims 3 to 5 comprises the following steps: Step 1: According to the inclination angle and direction of the tunnel roof, confirm the installation direction of the roof support. Taking the inclination direction of the tunnel roof as the standard, the higher side of the tunnel roof is recorded as the high side, and the lower side is recorded as the low side. The two side guard plates (5) on both sides of the top beam (2) are respectively located on the high side and the low side; Step 2: Install the airbag jack (10) on the side guard plate (5) on the high side, and install multiple airbag jacks (10) on the top beam (2) near the high side along the inclination direction of the tunnel roof. Step 3: Using the hydraulic control system to adjust the extension of the column (1) through the hydraulic operation valve group (9), driving the top beam (2) to rise until the edge of the top beam (2) on the lower side contacts the tunnel roof; Step 4: Using the hydraulic control system to adjust and control the side guard cylinder (6) through the hydraulic operation valve group (9) so that the side guard plate (5) located on the low side is in contact with the tunnel roof, and the side guard plate (5) located on the high side is flush with the top beam (2); using the pneumatic control system to adjust and control the airbag jacks (10) on the high side through the pneumatic operation valve group (19) so that the upper guard plates (16) on all the airbag jacks (10) are in contact with the tunnel roof, respectively, to perform roof support; Step 5: After the top support is installed, a staged mining operation is carried out on the fully mechanized mining face. After the mining is completed, the hydraulic control system is used to adjust the contraction of the column (1) through the hydraulic operation valve group (9), and then the top support is pushed along the direction of the roadway toward the stop-mining push line, and it is ensured that the anchor rod of the roadway roof is always in the gap between the two groups of the air bag jacks (10) of the top support; Step 6: After the pushed top support reaches the working position, repeat the above steps 3, 4 and 5 to continuously complete the top support operation and the comprehensive mining working face stage mining operation.

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