Equipment and method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining

Abstract

The present application relates to a device and method for monitoring stress and seismic waves in surrounding rock mass during mining. The monitoring device comprises an outer shell, an inner shell, and a bearing block. The outer shell comprises a first chamber and a first shell bottom, with a liquid outlet provided on the sidewall of the outer shell and connected to the first chamber. The inner shell comprises a second chamber and a second shell bottom. The inner shell is coaxially disposed within the first chamber. The bearing block is disposed within the inner shell and is provided with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a gyroscope, and a detector. A liquid storage space is defined between the outer surface of the second shell bottom and the inner surface of the first shell bottom, the liquid storage space being used to store liquid epoxy resin. The inner shell is capable of moving within the first chamber toward the first shell bottom to compress the liquid storage space and cause the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space to flow out of the liquid outlet, thereby bonding the outer shell to the borehole wall. The present application has a simple structure, is easy to operate, reduces the amount of epoxy resin used, and enables the recycling and reuse of monitoring components, reducing costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of coal rock stress monitoring and coal mine safety mining, and specifically relates to a mining surrounding rock stress and seismic wave monitoring device and method. Background Art

[0002] As coal mining increases in intensity and depth, deep coal and rock masses are exposed to complex and harsh engineering geological conditions, including high ground stress, high temperature, high water pressure, and high gas content. Dynamic disasters such as rock bursts, coal and gas outbursts, and combined dynamic disasters are becoming more frequent. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the stress magnitude and state of coal and rock masses in real time under mining conditions.

[0003] The stress gauge method and pressure cell method are commonly used methods for underground stress monitoring. Stress state monitoring is carried out through borehole stress gauges or pressure cells. However, these methods can only be used to monitor the bidirectional stress conditions of coal and rock masses and cannot fully reflect the actual stress state of the surrounding rock mass.

[0004] A prior art device for monitoring the three-dimensional stress of rock masses undergoing mining is available. By placing intersecting optical fibers on multiple surfaces, with the angle between adjacent fiber Bragg gratings at 45°, it can monitor the principal stresses in three directions within a three-dimensional space. When installed in a monitoring borehole, this device is pushed to the bottom of the borehole using an aluminum alloy rod. Once the monitoring device is functioning properly, it is bonded to the rock mass at the bottom of the borehole using epoxy resin inlay technology. Specifically, a high-pressure pump is used to inject liquid epoxy resin into the borehole from the opening. The liquid epoxy resin flows from the opening toward the bottom of the borehole, gradually filling the borehole and the gap between the borehole wall and the monitoring device. After the epoxy resin solidifies, the monitoring device is bonded to the inner wall of the borehole. However, this method of injecting epoxy resin not only requires the installation of an additional high-pressure pump, increasing equipment costs, but also requires the epoxy resin to be filled throughout the borehole, resulting in high consumption of epoxy resin. This is especially true when cracks develop in the borehole wall, further increasing costs. In addition, during the injection of epoxy resin from the monitoring borehole mouth to the bottom of the hole, the high pressure will damage the borehole wall, further damaging the monitoring hole. Especially when encountering loose rock formations, a large amount of rock debris from the monitoring borehole wall will be mixed with the epoxy resin, affecting the bonding effect between the monitoring equipment and the monitoring borehole wall. In addition, because the entire monitoring borehole is sealed with epoxy resin, this monitoring equipment is disposable and cannot be recycled and reused in the event of installation errors or after the monitoring work is completed, resulting in a waste of resources and increased costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above analysis, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a device and method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock masses during mining, so as to solve one or more of the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

[0007] In one aspect, a device for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass caused by mining is provided, comprising:

[0008] The shell has a first chamber with one end open and the other end closed; the shell has a first shell bottom, and a side wall of the shell is provided with a liquid outlet communicating with the first chamber;

[0009] The inner shell has a second chamber with one end open and the other end closed; the inner shell has a second shell bottom; the inner shell is coaxially arranged in the first chamber;

[0010] The bearing block is arranged in the inner shell and is provided with a fiber Bragg grating, a gyroscope and a detector;

[0011] A liquid storage space is provided between the outer surface of the second shell bottom and the inner surface of the first shell bottom, and the liquid storage space is used to store liquid epoxy resin; a locking member is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell, and the locking member has a locking state and an unlocking state;

[0012] In the locked state, the inner shell and the outer shell are relatively fixed, and the size of the liquid storage space remains unchanged;

[0013] In the unlocked state, the inner shell can move in the first chamber toward the first shell bottom to compress the liquid storage space and make the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space flow out from the liquid outlet.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer shell, the inner shell and the bearing blocks are all made of similar materials, and the mechanical properties of the outer shell, the inner shell and the bearing blocks made of similar materials are the same as or similar to those of the surrounding rock at the location to be monitored.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the outer shell and the outer wall surface of the inner shell are all cylindrical surfaces, and the cylindrical surfaces are polished; the diameter of the inner wall surface of the outer shell is equal to the diameter of the outer wall surface of the inner shell.

[0016] Furthermore, the locking member includes a spring lock tongue, which is arranged on the outer wall of the inner shell, and the inner wall of the outer shell is provided with a slot adapted to the spring lock tongue; in the locked state, the spring lock tongue is engaged with the slot, which can limit the relative movement between the inner shell and the outer shell; in the unlocked state, the spring lock tongue is separated from the slot, and the spring lock tongue is staggered with the slot by rotating the inner shell to a specified angle in the first chamber.

[0017] Furthermore, there are multiple liquid outlet holes, which are dispersedly arranged on the side wall between the first shell bottom and the card slot of the shell, and are arranged close to the first shell bottom.

[0018] Furthermore, the supporting block is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and three fiber gratings are arranged on the three faces at one corner of the supporting block; the angle between two adjacent fiber gratings on each face is 45°; the gyroscope and the detector are fixedly connected to a face of the supporting block facing the borehole mouth.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a mounting rod, a first end of the mounting rod is connected to the inner shell, and a second end of the mounting rod is located outside the opening of the drilled hole for an operator to hold.

[0020] Furthermore, an interface is provided on the end surface of the open end of the inner shell, and the first end of the mounting rod is connected to the interface.

[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a hole mouth screen display device; the supporting block is detachably arranged in the inner shell, the fiber optic Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector are connected to the hole mouth screen display device through cables, the part of the cable located in the borehole is arranged parallel to the mounting rod, and the part of the cable located outside the borehole is in a relaxed state for the operator to pull.

[0022] Furthermore, a switch assembly is provided on the bearing block, and the switch assembly has a closed state and an open state; the switch assembly is in a closed state after the bearing block is installed in the inner shell, and the switch assembly in the closed state can lock and fix the bearing block and the inner shell; the operator can change the switch assembly from a closed state to an open state by pulling the cable, and in the open state, continue to pull the cable to separate the bearing block from the inner shell, thereby removing the bearing block together with the fiber optic Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector from the borehole.

[0023] Furthermore, the switch assembly includes an oblique slot hole, a telescopic rod and a spring; wherein the oblique slot hole is provided on the side wall of the supporting block, the center line of the oblique slot hole is arranged obliquely upward, and a threading hole is also provided at the bottom of the oblique slot hole; the telescopic rod is movably installed in the oblique slot hole through the spring, one end of the spring abuts the bottom of the oblique slot hole, and the other end abuts the first end of the telescopic rod, and the first end of the telescopic rod is also connected to a switch wire, which passes through the threading hole at the bottom of the oblique slot hole and is combined with the cable; an oblique slot is provided on the inner wall surface of the inner shell, and the second end of the telescopic rod can be detachably inserted into the oblique slot; when the switch assembly is in the closed state, the spring is in a compressed state, and the second end of the telescopic rod extends out of the opening of the oblique slot hole and is inserted into the oblique slot; when the cable is pulled toward the outside of the drilled hole, the switch wire is driven to cause the second end of the telescopic rod to retract to the inside of the oblique slot hole. At this time, the switch assembly is in the open state, and the supporting block and the inner shell are unlocked.

[0024] In another aspect, a method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining is provided. The method comprises the following steps using the above-mentioned monitoring equipment for stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining:

[0025] Step 1: Prepare the outer shell, inner shell and bearing block using similar materials;

[0026] Step 2: First, install the fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope, and detector on the bearing block and connect the circuits; then install the bearing block into the second chamber of the inner shell; then, install the inner shell with the bearing block into the first chamber of the outer shell and fix it; add liquid epoxy resin into the liquid storage space between the outer shell and the inner shell through the liquid outlet; connect the mounting rod to the inner shell to complete the assembly of the monitoring equipment;

[0027] Step 3: Use the mounting rod to push the assembled monitoring device to the bottom of the drilled hole; operate the mounting rod to change the locking member from a locked state to an unlocked state, and continue to push the mounting rod toward the bottom of the drilled hole, so that the inner shell moves toward the bottom of the first shell within the first chamber, squeezing the liquid storage space and causing the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space to flow out of the liquid outlet hole. After a predetermined period of time, the liquid epoxy resin solidifies and bonds the outer shell to the wall of the drilled hole.

[0028] Step 4: Start the monitoring device and start monitoring.

[0029] Furthermore, the monitoring method further includes:

[0030] Step 5: After the monitoring is completed, pull the cable to change the switch assembly from the closed state to the open state, and continue to pull the cable to separate the bearing block from the inner shell until the bearing block together with the fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector are removed from the drill hole.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the equipment and method for monitoring surrounding rock mass stress and seismic waves provided by the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0032] a) The inner shell and the outer shell are arranged to be nested and separable, and the liquid epoxy resin is stored in the liquid storage space between the inner shell and the outer shell. The liquid epoxy resin is injected and condensed by pulling outward, rotating, and pushing the mounting rod inward. The operation is simple, the amount of epoxy resin used is reduced, the cost is reduced, and impurities such as drilling hole wall cuttings are avoided from mixing into the epoxy resin, thereby achieving a better bonding and fixing effect with less epoxy resin.

[0033] b) By setting a switch assembly between the bearing block and the inner shell, the bearing block can be separated from the inner shell. The fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector are taken out of the borehole together with the bearing block by pulling the cable, so that they can be recycled and reused, avoiding waste of resources and further reducing costs.

[0034] c) It can accurately and effectively identify and monitor the stress state of the surrounding rock mass and seismic wave signals in the mine, determine the stability of the surrounding rock mass, the location of seismic waves and the abnormal area of ​​the geological body, play an important role and provide guidance for the safe excavation and production of underground engineering, and provide effective early warning for engineering geological dynamic disasters, fully meeting the needs of green, safe and efficient production in mines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the embodiments of this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the inner shell provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of installing a fiber Bragg grating on a bearing block provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the bearing block provided by the present invention after being installed in the inner shell;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the supporting block of the open state switch assembly provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic structural diagram of the mounting rod provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the usage status of the mining surrounding rock stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment provided by the present invention.

[0044] Reference numerals:

[0045] 100-monitoring equipment; 200-ground signal base station; 300-surrounding rock; 400-tunnel;

[0046] 1-outer shell; 11-liquid outlet; 12-card slot; 13-first shell bottom; 2-inner shell; 21-interface; 22-spring lock tongue; 23-second shell bottom; 24-oblique card slot; 3-carrying block; 31-oblique slot hole; 32-telescopic rod; 33-spring; 34-switch line; 4-fiber Bragg grating; 5-gyroscope; 6-detector; 7-mounting rod; 8-cable; 9-liquid storage space; 10-hole screen display device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined, separated, interchanged and / or rearranged with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] In the accompanying drawings, the sizes and relative sizes of components may be exaggerated for clarity and / or descriptive purposes. When the exemplary embodiments can be implemented differently, the specific process sequence may be performed in a different order than described. For example, two processes described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously or in a reverse order from the described order. In addition, the same reference numerals represent the same components.

[0049] When a component is referred to as being “on,” “over,” “connected to,” or “coupled to” another component, the component may be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other component, or intervening components may be present. However, when a component is referred to as being “directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” another component, there are no intervening components present. For this purpose, the term “connected” may refer to a physical connection, an electrical connection, etc., with or without intervening components.

[0050] For descriptive purposes, the present disclosure may use spatially relative terms such as "top", "bottom", "under", "beneath", "under", "lower", "over", "upper", "above", "higher", etc., relative to components to describe the relationship of one component to another (other) components as shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0051] The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be restrictive. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one (kind, person)" and "said (the)" are also intended to include plural forms. In addition, when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" and their variations are used in this specification, the features, integral bodies, steps, operations, parts, assemblies and / or their groups stated are explained, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integral bodies, steps, operations, parts, assemblies and / or their groups is not excluded. It should also be noted that, as used herein, the terms "substantially", "approximately" and other similar terms are used as approximate terms and not as degree terms, so that they are used to explain the inherent deviations of the measured values, calculated values ​​and / or the values ​​provided that will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring device (hereinafter referred to as "monitoring device 100") is disclosed. The monitoring device 100 includes:

[0054] The housing 1 has a first chamber with one end open and the other end closed; the housing 1 has a first bottom 13, and a liquid outlet 11 is provided on the side wall of the housing 1 and communicates with the first chamber;

[0055] The inner shell 2 has a second chamber with one end open and the other end closed; the inner shell 2 has a second shell bottom 23; the inner shell 2 is coaxially arranged in the first chamber;

[0056] The bearing block 3 is disposed in the inner shell 2 and is provided with a fiber Bragg grating 4, a gyroscope 5, and a geophone 6. The fiber Bragg grating 4 on the bearing block 3 can be used to monitor rock stress changes, and the gyroscope 5 and geophone 6 can be used to identify and monitor seismic wave signals.

[0057] A mounting rod 7, the first end of which is connected to the inner shell 2, and the second end of which is located outside the opening of the drilled hole for the operator to grasp; an interface 21 is provided on the end surface of the open end of the inner shell 2, and the first end of the mounting rod 7 is connected to the interface 21, such as a detachable connection method such as a threaded connection or a plug-in connection;

[0058] A liquid storage space 9 is defined between the outer surface of the second shell bottom 23 and the inner surface of the first shell bottom 13. The liquid storage space 9 is used to store liquid epoxy resin. A locking member is provided between the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1. The locking member has a locked state and an unlocked state. The locking member is changed from the locked state to the unlocked state by pulling the mounting rod outward.

[0059] In the locked state, the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1 are relatively fixed, and the size of the liquid storage space 9 remains unchanged;

[0060] In the unlocked state, the inner shell 2 can move in the first chamber toward the first shell bottom 13 to compress the liquid storage space 9 and allow the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space 9 to flow out from the liquid outlet 11 .

[0061] During implementation, the fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5 and detector 6 are installed on the supporting block 3 and the lines are connected; the supporting block 3 is then installed in the second chamber of the inner shell 2; then, the inner shell 2 with the supporting block 3 is installed in the first chamber of the outer shell 1 and fixed; liquid epoxy resin is added to the liquid storage space 9 between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 through the liquid outlet 11; the mounting rod 7 is connected to the inner shell 2 to complete the assembly of the monitoring equipment; the assembled monitoring equipment is pushed to the bottom of the borehole by using the mounting rod 7; the locking member is changed from a locked state to an unlocked state by operating the mounting rod 7, and the mounting rod 7 is continued to be pushed toward the bottom of the borehole, so that the inner shell 2 moves in the first chamber toward the first shell bottom 13, squeezing the liquid storage space 9 and causing the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space 9 to flow out from the liquid outlet 11, and solidifies after a predetermined time. The solidified epoxy resin bonds and fixes the outer shell 1 to the wall of the borehole; start the monitoring equipment 100 and start monitoring.

[0062] In this embodiment, the outer shell 1, the inner shell 2 and the bearing block 3 are all made of similar materials. The mechanical properties of the outer shell 1, the inner shell 2 and the bearing block 3 made of similar materials are the same or similar to those of the surrounding rock at the location to be monitored. In this way, the monitoring results are closer to the actual situation. For example, by taking surrounding rock samples from underground for laboratory testing, after the surrounding rock samples are processed, the wave velocity v is measured by rock acoustic wave velocity testing, and the uniaxial compressive strength σ of the surrounding rock body is measured by using a conventional uniaxial compression test. c , elastic modulus E, and Poisson's ratio μ. Based on the above test results, similar materials were selected, proportioned, and processed. It should be noted that the similar materials and their component proportions are determined based on the actual physical properties of the surrounding rock. The outer shell 1, inner shell 2, and bearing block 3 can be fabricated using existing technology.

[0063] In one optional embodiment, Figures 2 to 3As shown, the inner and outer walls of the outer shell 1 and the outer wall of the inner shell 2 are all cylindrical, and the cylindrical surfaces are polished. The diameter of the inner wall of the outer shell 1 is equal to the diameter of the outer wall of the inner shell 2, and the outer diameter of the outer shell 1 is slightly smaller than or equal to the diameter of the drilled hole. The outer diameter of the outer shell 1 is as close to the diameter of the drilled hole as possible. As long as the outer shell 1 can be installed in the drilled hole, only a small amount of epoxy resin is needed to bond the outer shell 1 to the inner wall of the drilled hole. The axial length of the inner shell 2 is less than the axial length of the outer shell 1. The outer wall of the outer shell 1 is set as a cylindrical surface to adapt to the inner wall of the drilled hole, which facilitates the movement of the outer shell 1 within the drilled hole. The inner wall of the outer shell 1 and the outer wall of the inner shell 2 are both cylindrical and smooth, which facilitates the movement of the inner shell 2 against the smooth inner wall of the outer shell. This not only facilitates the rotation of the inner shell within the outer shell, but also allows the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid outlet space to be squeezed out smoothly.

[0064] In one optional embodiment, Figures 2 to 3 As shown, the locking member includes a spring lock tongue 22, which is provided on the outer wall of the inner shell 2. The inner wall of the outer shell 1 is provided with a slot 12 adapted to fit the spring lock tongue 22, and the spring lock tongue 22 can enter and exit the slot 12. In the locked state, the spring lock tongue 22 engages with the slot 12, restricting relative movement between the inner shell 2 and the outer shell 1, both limiting relative rotation and axial movement. The locking member is changed from the locked state to the unlocked state by pulling the mounting rod outward. In the unlocked state, the spring lock tongue 22 is separated from the slot 12, and the spring lock tongue 22 is offset from the slot 12 by rotating the inner shell 2 to a specified angle within the first chamber. When the spring lock tongue 22 is offset from the slot 12, the inner shell 2 can be moved toward the first shell bottom 13 of the outer shell 1 under the external force of the mounting rod, thereby discharging the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space 9 into the hole between the drilled hole wall and the outer wall of the outer shell 1.

[0065] Furthermore, a slide is provided on the wall of the first chamber. The slide is arranged parallel to the axis of the inner shell 2 and is located on one side of the slot 12. The bottom surface of the slide is a smooth plane, and the depth of the slide is shallower than the depth of the slot 12. The depth of the slide can limit the linear movement of the spring lock tongue 22 along the axis of the inner shell 2. When the inner shell 2 is rotated by a specified angle, such as 20-30 degrees, the spring lock tongue 22 can enter the slide. Subsequently, when the inner shell 2 is pushed inward, the inner shell 2 can be smoothly pushed linearly along the axis of the outer shell 1 under the action of the slide. The two ends of the slide are located on the side wall between the slot 12 of the outer shell 1 and the axial range of the liquid outlet 11. This arrangement prevents epoxy resin from leaking due to the slide before the inner shell 2 rotates.

[0066] In order to allow the epoxy resin to be discharged quickly and evenly into the drilled hole, a plurality of liquid outlet holes 11 are provided, which are dispersedly arranged on the side wall of the housing 1 between the first shell bottom 13 and the card slot 12, and are arranged close to the first shell bottom 13. Optionally, the diameter of the liquid outlet holes 11 is 2-5 mm.

[0067] Furthermore, the angle between the center line of the liquid outlet 11 and the axis of the shell 1 is 30-60°, and when the liquid epoxy resin is sprayed out from the liquid outlet 11, it is sprayed obliquely upward, and the sprayed epoxy resin is directly sprayed on the borehole wall obliquely above the liquid outlet 11. The epoxy resin flows down along the borehole wall under the action of gravity, which not only increases the axial bonding length between the shell and the borehole wall, but also enables the epoxy resin to quickly fill the gap between the shell 1 and the borehole wall.

[0068] In this embodiment, the supporting block 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, the inner wall of the second chamber of the inner shell 2 matches the outer shape of the supporting block 3, and the supporting block 3 can be seamlessly installed in the inner shell 2. Preferably, the supporting block 3 is a cubic structure. Three fiber gratings 4 are arranged on the three faces of a corner of the supporting block 3; the angle between the two adjacent fiber gratings 4 on each face is 45°, and each face can measure the strain changes at three angles. In other words, the first fiber grating, the second fiber grating and the third fiber grating are installed on each face, wherein the first fiber grating on the same face is located between the second fiber grating and the third fiber grating, the angle between the first fiber grating and the second fiber grating and the third fiber grating on the same face is 45°, and the angle between the second fiber grating and the third fiber grating on the same face is 90°; the gyroscope 5 and the detector 6 are fixedly connected to a face of the supporting block 3 facing the borehole.

[0069] In order to install and configure the fiber Bragg grating and increase the accuracy of the fiber measurement results, a fiber installation groove is drilled on the surface of the carrier block 3. The size and depth of the groove should be arranged according to the size of the fiber Bragg grating, and the fiber Bragg grating is fixed with epoxy resin.

[0070] In this embodiment, the monitoring device 100 also includes a borehole display device 10, which is electrically connected to the fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5, and detector 6. To enable the recycling and reuse of the fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5, and detector 6, the support block 3 is detachably disposed within the inner shell 2. The fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5, and detector 6 are connected to the borehole display device 10 via a cable 8. The portion of the cable 8 located within the borehole is arranged in parallel with the mounting rod 7, and the portion of the cable 8 located outside the borehole is in a loose state, allowing the operator to pull the cable 8. By pulling the cable 8, the support block 3, fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5, and detector 6 are separated from the inner shell 2 and then removed from the borehole. The cable 8 includes three sub-cables: a first sub-cable connecting the fiber Bragg grating 4 to the borehole display device 10, a second sub-cable connecting the gyroscope 5 to the borehole display device 10, and a third sub-cable connecting the detector 6 to the borehole display device 10. The three sub-cables are combined into one cable, which not only prevents the sub-cables from getting entangled in the drilled hole, but also provides an outer protective layer on the outside after the combination to increase the strength of the cable.

[0071] In one of the optional embodiments, a switch assembly is provided on the supporting block 3, and the switch assembly has a closed state and an open state; the switch assembly is in a closed state after the supporting block 3 is installed in the inner shell 2, and the switch assembly in the closed state can lock and fix the supporting block 3 to the inner shell 2; the operator can change the switch assembly from a closed state to an open state by pulling the cable 8, and in the open state, continue to pull the cable 8 to separate the supporting block 3 from the inner shell 2, thereby removing the supporting block 3 together with the fiber optic Bragg grating 4, the gyroscope 5 and the detector 6 from the borehole.

[0072] For example, Figures 5 and 6 As shown, the switch assembly includes an oblique slot hole 31, a telescopic rod 32 and a spring 33; wherein the oblique slot hole 31 is provided on the side wall of the bearing block 3, the center line of the oblique slot hole 31 is arranged obliquely upward, and a threading hole is also provided at the bottom of the oblique slot hole 31; the telescopic rod 32 is movably installed in the oblique slot hole 31 through the spring 33, one end of the spring 33 abuts the bottom of the oblique slot hole 31, and the other end abuts the first end of the telescopic rod 32, and the first end of the telescopic rod 32 is also connected to the switch line 34, which passes through the threading hole at the bottom of the oblique slot hole 31 and The cable 8 is inserted; an oblique slot 24 is provided on the inner wall surface of the inner shell 2, and the second end of the telescopic rod 32 is detachably inserted into the oblique slot 24; when the switch assembly is in the closed state, the spring 33 is in a compressed state, and the second end of the telescopic rod 32 extends out of the opening of the oblique slot hole 31 and is inserted into the oblique slot 24; when the cable 8 is pulled toward the outside of the drilled hole, the switch line 34 is driven to cause the second end of the telescopic rod 32 to retract into the inside of the oblique slot hole 31, and the spring 33 is further compressed. At this time, the switch assembly is in the open state, and the bearing block 3 and the inner shell 2 are unlocked.

[0073] In this embodiment, the detector 6, gyroscope 5 and borehole screen display device 10 are products currently available on the market. The detector has a detector chip and circuit elements, and the detector can monitor and record seismic wave signal data generated by large-energy microseismic events or underground blasting projects. The gyroscope 5 can locate the spatial coordinate data of the position of the fiber grating on the monitoring block 3. The borehole screen display device 10 has explosion-proof batteries and circuit elements. The explosion-proof batteries of the borehole screen display device 10 are replaced in shifts to power the mining surrounding rock stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment (underground part); the borehole screen display device 10 can receive and store the data signals monitored by the fiber grating 4, gyroscope 5 and detector 6 in real time, and transmit the data to the ground signal receiving base station 200; after receiving the risk level judgment result of the surrounding rock deformation and destruction from the ground signal receiving base station 200, the borehole screen display device 10 transmits the result information to the underground staff. Optionally, a warning can be given by flashing different colors of signal lights, where a flashing green light indicates a safe state, a flashing yellow light indicates a dangerous state, and a flashing red light indicates a high-risk state. The ground signal receiving base station 200 can interact with the hole mouth display device 10 in real time. In addition, by further processing the received data, a downhole surrounding rock stress monitoring coordinate system is constructed, and the risk level of surrounding rock deformation and damage in the downhole monitoring area is determined in real time, and the judgment result is transmitted to the hole mouth display device 10.

[0074] Compared with the prior art, the mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment provided in this embodiment can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0075] 1. The inner shell and the outer shell are set to a nested and separable structure, and the liquid epoxy resin is stored in the liquid storage space between the inner shell and the outer shell. The liquid epoxy resin is injected and condensed by pulling outward, rotating, and pushing the mounting rod inward. The operation is simple, the usage of epoxy resin is reduced, the cost is reduced, and impurities such as drilling hole wall cuttings are avoided from mixing into the epoxy resin, so that less epoxy resin is used to achieve better bonding and fixing effects.

[0076] 2. By setting a switch component between the bearing block and the inner shell, the bearing block can be separated from the inner shell. By pulling the cable, the fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector are taken out of the drill hole together with the bearing block, so that they can be recycled and reused, avoiding resource waste and further reducing costs.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining. The monitoring device for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining according to embodiment 1 is used. The working state of the monitoring device 100 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8The spatial position relationship among the monitoring device 100, the ground signal base station 200, the surrounding rock 300 and the roadway 400 is shown; the monitoring method includes the following steps:

[0079] Step 1: Prepare the outer shell 1, inner shell 2 and bearing block 3 using similar materials;

[0080] Step 2: First, install the fiber Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5, and detector 6 on the carrier block 3 and connect the circuits; then install the carrier block 3 into the second chamber of the inner shell 2; then, install the inner shell 2 with the carrier block 3 into the first chamber of the outer shell 1 and fix it; add liquid epoxy resin into the liquid storage space 9 between the outer shell 1 and the inner shell 2 through the liquid outlet 11; connect the mounting rod 7 to the inner shell 2 to complete the assembly of the monitoring equipment;

[0081] Step 3: Use the mounting rod 7 to push the assembled monitoring device to the bottom of the drilled hole; by operating the mounting rod 7, the locking member changes from a locked state to an unlocked state, and the mounting rod 7 is continued to be pushed toward the bottom of the drilled hole, so that the inner shell 2 moves toward the first shell bottom 13 within the first chamber, squeezing the liquid storage space 9 and causing the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space 9 to flow out from the liquid outlet 11. After a predetermined period of time, the liquid epoxy resin solidifies, and the outer shell 1 is bonded and fixed to the wall of the drilled hole;

[0082] Step 4: Start the monitoring equipment and start monitoring;

[0083] Step 5: After the monitoring is completed, the monitoring equipment stops running and the monitoring work is completed; pull the cable 8 to change the switch assembly from the closed state to the open state, and continue to pull the cable 8 to separate the bearing block 3 from the inner shell 2 until the bearing block 3 together with the fiber optic Bragg grating 4, gyroscope 5 and detector 6 are removed from the borehole, and the underground staff removes the hole mouth screen display device from the data interface.

[0084] In step 1, rock samples are collected from the target layer in the area to be monitored. After the rock samples are processed, experimental rock acoustic wave velocity test and conventional uniaxial compression test are carried out to measure the target layer velocity v and uniaxial compressive strength σ c , elastic modulus E and Poisson's ratio μ and other mechanical parameter test results. Based on the indoor test results, similar materials are selected, proportioned and processed to produce the outer shell 1, inner shell 2 and bearing block 3.

[0085] Between step one and step two, the following steps are also included: according to the underground mining project design and actual production needs, the installation hole construction design of the monitoring equipment installation position, drilling depth and other parameters is carried out. For example, according to the installation hole construction design, a mining coreless drill bit is selected to construct the monitoring borehole. After the drilling construction is completed, the monitoring equipment 100 is installed.

[0086] In step three: connect the mounting rod 7 to the interface of the inner shell 2, and slowly push the monitoring part of the monitoring device 100 to the bottom of the hole, and at the same time perform troubleshooting to check the equipment operation, signal reception, and display. After the monitoring equipment is normal, pull the mounting rod 7 downward to extract the spring lock tongue from the slot, so that the locking member changes from a locked state to an unlocked state. At this time, rotate the mounting rod 7 to a certain angle so that the spring lock tongue will not be stuck in the slot during the advancement process, and push the mounting rod 7 upward to move the inner shell 2 toward the top of the outer shell 1, and the liquid epoxy resin reagent is squeezed out from the liquid outlet. After the epoxy resin reagent solidifies, the outer shell 1 is firmly bonded to the surrounding rock of the borehole wall, and the inner shell 2 is also firmly bonded to the outer shell 1. The mounting rod 7 can be rotated to separate the interface between the mounting rod and the bottom of the inner shell 2, and the mounting rod 7 can be taken out of the borehole. After the installation rod 7 is taken out, the aperture display device 10 is fixed to the aperture of the drilled hole, and the drilled hole is sealed with a detachable sealing component.

[0087] In step 4: the gyroscope 5 first transmits the coordinate positioning data of the fiber grating on the monitoring block 3 to the hole screen display device 10, and the hole screen display device 10 transmits the coordinate positioning data to the ground signal base station 200. At this time, the mining surrounding rock stress and seismic wave monitoring work is carried out.

[0088] In step five: the monitoring equipment can monitor the magnitude and direction of the three-dimensional principal stress of the surrounding rock mass underground.

[0089] Based on the monitoring results of the three-dimensional principal stress of the surrounding rock mass in the well, a parameter called the bias pressure coefficient is proposed to reflect the rock mass stress environment and the risk of surrounding rock deformation and failure in the well monitoring area. Among them, the larger the bias pressure coefficient, the more likely the surrounding rock is to be damaged and the higher the risk of disaster. Based on the three-dimensional stress monitoring data of the surrounding rock mass in the well, the bias pressure coefficient λ is calculated according to the following formula:

[0090]

[0091] In the above formula, λ is the bias coefficient, σ1 is the maximum principal stress, σ2 is the intermediate principal stress, and σ3 is the minimum principal stress.

[0092] If the parameter λ ≥ 2, the surrounding rock is likely to be deformed and damaged, and the situation is judged as high-risk. If the parameter 2 > λ ≥ 1.5, the surrounding rock has the possibility of deformation and damage, and the situation is judged as dangerous. If the parameter λ < 1.5, the situation is judged as safe.

[0093] If a high-energy microseismic event occurs, the ground signal base station compares the seismic wave signal's onset time, duration, and vibration information with wave velocity data to determine the location of the seismic wave. If an underground blasting project occurs, the ground signal base station can determine the blasting location based on the received monitoring data. By comparing the blasting point location with the determined location, it can determine whether there is a geological anomaly between the blasting location and the detector.

[0094] Compared with the prior art, the method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass caused by mining provided in this embodiment can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0095] 1. The liquid storage space between the inner shell and the outer shell is used to store liquid epoxy resin. The liquid epoxy resin is injected and condensed by pulling outward, rotating, and pushing the mounting rod inward. The operation is simple, the usage of epoxy resin is reduced, the cost is reduced, and impurities such as drilling hole wall cuttings are avoided from mixing into the epoxy resin, so that better bonding and fixing effects can be achieved with less epoxy resin.

[0096] 2. The detachable operation between the carrier block and the inner shell enables the fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector to be recycled and reused, avoiding waste of resources and further reducing costs.

[0097] 3. It can monitor the three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding rock mass in real time, provide early warning of underground rock mass stability, and identify and monitor seismic wave signals to determine the location of seismic waves and the presence of underground geological anomalies. Compared to previous rock mass stress monitoring equipment, this not only monitors the three-dimensional stress state in real time, but also provides underground early warning and forecasting.

[0098] 4. Through seismic wave collection and processing, the application efficiency of underground seismic wave data is improved, the engineering geological rock mass characteristics are supplemented and the underground exploration cost is saved.

[0099] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific implementation methods of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring device, characterized in that: include: a housing having a first chamber with one end open and the other end closed; The shell has a first shell bottom, and a side wall of the shell is provided with a liquid outlet communicating with the first chamber; An inner shell, the inner shell having a second chamber with one end open and the other end closed; the inner shell having a second shell bottom; the inner shell being coaxially disposed in the first chamber; A bearing block, the bearing block is arranged in the inner shell, and the bearing block is provided with a fiber Bragg grating, a gyroscope and a detector; A liquid storage space is defined between the outer surface of the second shell bottom and the inner surface of the first shell bottom, the liquid storage space being used to store liquid epoxy resin; a locking member is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell, the locking member having a locked state and an unlocked state; the locking member comprises a spring locking tongue, the spring locking tongue being provided on the outer wall of the inner shell, and the inner wall of the outer shell being provided with a slot adapted to fit the spring locking tongue; in the locked state, the spring locking tongue engages with the slot to restrict relative movement between the inner shell and the outer shell; in the unlocked state, the spring locking tongue is separated from the slot, and the spring locking tongue is displaced from the slot by rotating the inner shell to a specified angle within the first chamber; In the locked state, the inner shell and the outer shell are relatively fixed, and the size of the liquid storage space remains unchanged; In the unlocked state, the inner shell can move in the first chamber toward the first shell bottom to compress the liquid storage space and make the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space flow out from the liquid outlet.

2. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer shell, inner shell and bearing block are all made of similar materials, and the mechanical properties of the outer shell, inner shell and bearing block made of similar materials are the same or similar to those of the surrounding rock at the position to be monitored.

3. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the outer shell and the outer wall surface of the inner shell are all cylindrical surfaces, and the cylindrical surfaces are polished; The diameter of the inner wall surface of the outer shell is equal to the diameter of the outer wall surface of the inner shell.

4. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple liquid outlet holes, which are dispersedly arranged on the side wall between the first shell bottom and the card slot of the shell and are arranged close to the first shell bottom.

5. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting block is a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and three fiber gratings are arranged on three faces at one corner of the supporting block; the angle between two adjacent fiber gratings on each face is 45 degrees; The gyroscope and the geophone are fixedly connected to a surface of the bearing block facing the borehole opening.

6. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model further comprises a mounting rod, wherein a first end of the mounting rod is connected to the inner shell, and a second end of the mounting rod is located outside the opening of the drilled hole for an operator to hold.

7. The equipment for monitoring surrounding rock mass stress and seismic waves caused by mining according to claim 6, characterized in that: Also included is an aperture screen display device; The supporting block is detachably arranged in the inner shell, and the fiber optic Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector are connected to the hole mouth display device through cables. The part of the cable located in the drill hole is arranged in parallel with the mounting rod, and the part of the cable located outside the drill hole is in a relaxed state for the operator to pull.

8. The equipment for monitoring surrounding rock mass stress and seismic waves caused by mining according to claim 7, characterized in that: The load-bearing block is provided with a switch assembly, and the switch assembly has a closed state and an open state; The switch assembly is in a closed state after the bearing block is installed in the inner shell, and the switch assembly in the closed state can lock and fix the bearing block and the inner shell; The operator can change the switch assembly from a closed state to an open state by pulling the cable. In the open state, the operator continues to pull the cable to separate the bearing block from the inner shell, thereby removing the bearing block together with the fiber grating, gyroscope and detector from the borehole.

9. The mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The switch assembly includes an oblique slot hole, a telescopic rod and a spring; The oblique slot hole is provided on the side wall of the bearing block, the center line of the oblique slot hole is arranged obliquely upward, and a threading hole is further provided at the bottom of the oblique slot hole; The telescopic rod is movably mounted in the oblique slot hole via the spring, one end of the spring abuts against the bottom of the oblique slot hole, and the other end abuts against the first end of the telescopic rod. The first end of the telescopic rod is also connected to a switch wire, which passes through a wire hole at the bottom of the oblique slot hole and is incorporated into the cable. An oblique slot is provided on the inner wall surface of the inner shell, and the second end of the telescopic rod can be detachably inserted into the oblique slot; When the switch assembly is in the closed state, the spring is in a compressed state, and the second end of the telescopic rod extends out of the opening of the oblique slot and is engaged in the oblique slot; when the cable is pulled toward the outside of the drilled hole, the switch wire is driven to cause the second end of the telescopic rod to retract into the inside of the oblique slot. At this time, the switch assembly is in the open state, and the bearing block is unlocked from the inner shell.

10. A method for monitoring stress and seismic waves of surrounding rock mass during mining, characterized in that: Using the mining surrounding rock mass stress and seismic wave monitoring equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Prepare the outer shell, inner shell and bearing block using similar materials; Step 2: First, install the fiber Bragg grating, gyroscope and detector on the bearing block and make circuit connections; then install the bearing block into the second cavity of the inner shell; then, install the inner shell with the bearing block into the first cavity of the outer shell and fix it; Add liquid epoxy resin into the liquid storage space between the outer shell and the inner shell through the liquid outlet hole; connect the mounting rod and the inner shell to complete the assembly of the monitoring device; Step 3: Use the mounting rod to push the assembled monitoring device to the bottom of the drilled hole; operate the mounting rod to change the locking member from a locked state to an unlocked state, and continue to push the mounting rod toward the bottom of the drilled hole, so that the inner shell moves toward the bottom of the first shell within the first chamber, squeezing the liquid storage space and causing the liquid epoxy resin in the liquid storage space to flow out of the liquid outlet hole. After a predetermined period of time, the liquid epoxy resin solidifies, thereby bonding the outer shell to the wall of the drilled hole. Step 4: Start the monitoring device and start monitoring.

Images