An adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device and a method for using the same. The device is composed of a bidirectional ratchet guide rail, a left-direction ratchet slider, a right-direction ratchet slider, a base, a connecting rod group, and a reset spring. The left and right-direction ratchet sliders are arranged on both sides of the base and are connected to the base through a connecting rod group and a reset spring to form a six-bar mechanism motion relationship, so that the left and right-direction ratchet sliders can support each other and transfer loads when the bidirectional ratchet guide rail is active, thereby realizing bidirectional engagement between the guide rail and the base; when the base is active, the left and right-direction ratchet sliders can be unlocked by the base at the same time, thereby realizing bidirectional separation of the movement of the guide rail and the base. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device of the present invention does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage in both directions according to the speed change or change of the movement direction of the master and slave components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mechanical transmission systems, and in particular to an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] The overrunning clutch is one of the basic components of mechanical transmission. It is a clutch that automatically engages or disengages as the speed of the master and driven parts changes or the direction of rotation changes. It is widely used in packaging machinery, food machinery, light industrial machinery, agricultural machinery, metallurgy and mining, petrochemical industry, machine tools, automobiles, weapons, aviation, power stations and other mechanical equipment.

[0003] The uses of overrunning clutches are: (1) Speed ​​change: Without disengaging the kinematic chain, the driven part can achieve two speeds: fast and slow. (2) Preventing reverse rotation: a one-way overrunning clutch transmits torque in one direction of rotation, but idles under the action of torque in the opposite direction. (3) Intermittent motion: By combining a two-way overrunning clutch with a one-way overrunning clutch, the driven part can achieve a certain regular intermittent motion.

[0004] Currently, all bidirectional overrunning clutches on the domestic and international markets are of the controllable rotation type. However, in some specific applications, a device capable of bidirectional automatic engagement and disengagement in linear motion is required. For example, the running gear of a conventional electromagnetic levitation train is composed of multiple sets of continuous suspension modules. During the train's operation, each suspension module is required to move in a coordinated manner and automatically adapt to track changes. On straight routes, the suspension modules can self-lock in both directions laterally to resist wind loads and prevent the train from overturning. On curved routes, the suspension modules can automatically adjust their lateral position, that is, automatically separate laterally from the carriages, allowing the train to pass smoothly through the curve. However, due to technical limitations, there is currently no reliable lateral support device that can achieve the above functions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art and to provide an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device and its use method. The device does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage in both directions according to the speed change or movement direction change of the master and driven components.

[0006] When the bidirectional ratchet guide is active, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0, the bidirectional ratchet guide and the base are automatically engaged in both directions;

[0007] When the base is active, v4 ≥ v1, the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail are automatically separated in both directions.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] An adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device comprises a bidirectional ratchet guide rail, a left-direction ratchet slider, a right-direction ratchet slider, a base, a return spring and a connecting rod group. The base is provided with a boss, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail passes through the boss.

[0010] The bidirectional ratchet guide rail, the left-direction ratchet slider and the right-direction ratchet slider are arranged above the base. The left-direction ratchet slider and the right-direction ratchet slider are arranged on both sides of the boss. The left-direction ratchet slider and the right-direction ratchet slider are slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail. The left-direction ratchet slider and the right-direction ratchet slider can move relative to each other in one direction within a certain range along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail.

[0011] The return spring is arranged inside the boss, one end of the return spring is connected to the left pawl slider, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the right pawl slider. The return spring is used to make the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider fit with the boss on the base, and at the same time, make the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider automatically return to the initial state when the external force is withdrawn;

[0012] The connecting rod group is installed on the boss, and there are two connecting rod groups. The connecting rod groups are arranged on the front and rear sides of the left ratchet slider and the right ratchet slider. One end of the two connecting rod groups is connected to the left ratchet slider, and the other end of the connecting rod group is connected to the right ratchet slider.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the left-hand pawl slider, base, connecting rod group and right-hand pawl slider are connected to form a working relationship of a six-bar mechanism, so that the various components of the adaptive pawl-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device become a motion-coordinated whole. When the bidirectional ratchet guide rail is active and v1≥v4 or v4=0, the left-hand pawl slider and the right-hand pawl slider support each other through the connecting rod group to transfer the load; when the base is active and v4≥v1, the connecting rod group coordinates the motion relationship between the left-hand pawl slider and the right-hand pawl slider and the base, so that there will be no motion interference between the three during the unlocking process, and the base respectively releases the meshing relationship between the left-hand pawl slider and the right-hand pawl slider and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, thereby realizing bidirectional automatic engagement and separation, wherein v1 is the motion speed of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, and v4 is the motion speed of the base.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the base also includes a bottom plate and an unlocking pin seat, a boss and four unlocking pin seats are provided above the bottom plate, one end of the boss is connected to the left-hand pawl slider, and the other end of the boss is connected to the right-hand pawl slider, the boss is slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, and an unlocking pin seat is provided at both ends of the left-hand pawl slider and the right-hand pawl slider.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the unlocking pin seat includes a support plate and an unlocking pin, wherein the support plate is fixed above the bottom plate.

[0016] In the reset state, the unlocking pin is connected to the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider. In the unlocking state, the unlocking pin is used to release the engagement relationship between the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the boss is composed of a U-shaped structure consisting of a front side plate, a lower base plate and a rear side plate, and the front side plate, the lower base plate and the rear side plate are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, and the lower base plate is connected to the base plate. The front side plate and the rear side plate are opposite to each other on the plane and are provided with a return spring groove, an upper guide surface and a lower guide surface. The return spring groove is arranged between the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface, and the return spring is installed in the return spring groove. The front side plate and the rear side plate are provided with a connecting rod groove, and the connecting rod groove is vertically arranged, and the connecting rod group is connected to the connecting rod groove.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the top end of the connecting rod slot is the upper limit position, the bottom end of the connecting rod slot is the lower limit position, and the distance between the upper limit position and the lower limit position is equal to the travel range of the connecting rod assembly.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bidirectional ratchet guide rail includes a guide rail, an upper ratchet bar and a lower ratchet bar. The bottom end of the guide rail is connected to the lower base plate of the boss. The guide rail is provided with an upper ratchet bar and a lower ratchet bar at the front and rear. The upper ratchet bar and the lower ratchet bar are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail, with opposite tooth surfaces and opposite tooth directions. There is a guide channel in the middle of the upper ratchet bar and the lower ratchet bar. The upper ratchet bar is connected to the upper guide surface, and the lower ratchet bar is connected to the lower guide surface, so that the base can move in a bidirectional straight line along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, the left-direction ratchet slider includes a left front ratchet slot plate, a left rear ratchet slot plate, a left ratchet and a left connecting plate, and the left front ratchet slot plate, the left connecting plate and the left rear ratchet slot plate form a U-shaped structure, and the left front ratchet slot plate, the left connecting plate and the left rear ratchet slot plate are surrounded on both sides of the two-way ratchet guide rail and move leftward along the two-way ratchet guide rail, and the left connecting plate is connected to the bottom plate, and the left front ratchet slot plate and the left rear ratchet slot plate are both provided with a left ratchet, and when the base moves to the left, the left ratchet is connected to the unlocking pin, and the right-direction ratchet slider is unlocked.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present invention, the left front pawl slide plate and the left rear pawl slide plate are both provided with a left connecting rod hole, a left slide groove, a left return spring hook, a left upper guide surface and a left lower guide surface, the top of the left slide groove is provided with a left upper guide surface, the bottom end of the left slide groove is provided with a left lower guide surface, the two ends of the left slide groove are provided with a left return spring hook, and the middle of the left upper guide surface is provided with a left connecting rod hole, the left pawl is slidably installed in the left slide groove, and the distance between the bottom end of the left slide groove and the bottom end of the left pawl is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar, so as to make the left pawl slide up and down along the left slide groove,

[0022] One end of the connecting rod group passes through the left connecting rod hole, the upper left guide surface is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar, the lower left guide surface is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar, one end of the return spring is connected to the left return spring hook, and the return spring is used to make the left front pawl slide plate, the left connecting plate and the left rear pawl slide plate fit with the front side plate, lower bottom plate and rear side plate of the boss respectively, and at the same time make the left pawl slider automatically return to its initial state when the external force is withdrawn.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, a left pawl spring is provided above the left pawl, and a left pawl lock tongue and a left unlocking inclined surface are provided below the left pawl. When the base moves to the left, the left unlocking inclined surface is connected to the unlocking pin.

[0024] In the reset state, under the action of the left pawl spring, the left pawl lock tongue is inserted downward into the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar of the two-way ratchet guide rail, so that the left pawl slider can only move to the left; in the unlocked state, the left pawl is pushed and pulled upward from the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar, so that the left pawl slider can be free from the constraint of the two-way ratchet guide rail.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the right-direction ratchet slider includes a right front ratchet slot plate, a right rear ratchet slot plate, a right ratchet and a right connecting plate, and the right front ratchet slot plate, the right connecting plate and the right rear ratchet slot plate form a U-shaped structure, and the right front ratchet slot plate, the right connecting plate and the right rear ratchet slot plate are surrounded on both sides of the two-way ratchet guide rail and move rightward along the two-way ratchet guide rail, and the right connecting plate is connected to the bottom plate, and the right front ratchet slot plate and the right rear ratchet slot plate are both provided with a right ratchet, and when the base moves to the right, the right ratchet is connected to the unlocking pin, and the left front ratchet slot plate is unlocked.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the right front pawl slide plate and the right rear pawl slide plate are both provided with a right connecting rod hole, a right slide groove, a right return spring hook, a right upper guide surface and a right lower guide surface, the top of the right slide groove is provided with a right upper guide surface, the bottom end of the right slide groove is provided with a right lower guide surface, both ends of the right slide groove are provided with a right return spring hook, and the middle of the right upper guide surface is provided with a right connecting rod hole, the right pawl is slidably installed in the right slide groove, and the distance between the bottom end of the right slide groove and the bottom end of the right pawl is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar, so as to make the right pawl slide up and down along the right slide groove,

[0027] The other end of the connecting rod group passes through the right connecting rod hole, the right upper guide surface is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar, the right lower guide surface is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar, and the other end of the return spring is connected to the right return spring hook. The return spring is used to make the right front pawl slide plate, the right connecting plate and the right rear pawl slide plate fit with the front side plate, lower bottom plate and rear side plate of the boss respectively, and at the same time make the right pawl slider automatically return to its initial state when the external force is withdrawn.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, a right pawl spring is provided above the right pawl, and a right pawl lock tongue and a right unlocking inclined surface are provided below the right pawl. When the base moves to the right, the right unlocking inclined surface is connected to the unlocking pin.

[0029] In the reset state, under the action of the right pawl spring, the right pawl lock tongue is inserted upward into the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar of the two-way ratchet guide rail, so that the right pawl slider can only move to the right; in the unlocked state, the right pawl is pushed and pulled downward from the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar, so that the right pawl slider can be free from the constraint of the two-way ratchet guide rail.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the connecting rod group includes a left slider connecting rod, a right slider connecting rod and a connecting rod pin, one end of the connecting rod pin is hinged to the left slider connecting rod and the right slider connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod pin passes through a connecting rod slide slot, and the connecting rod pin can slide up and down in the connecting rod slide slot, and the distance between the upper limit and the lower limit of the connecting rod slide slot is equal to the travel range of the connecting rod pin, and the travel range must not only ensure the unlocking requirement of the unlocking pin seat, but also prevent the mechanism from having a dead point, when the connecting pin is in the lower limit position, the device is in a reset state, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail is engaged with the base; when the connecting pin is in the upper limit position, the device is in an unlocked state, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail is separated from the base;

[0031] The left slider connecting rod is connected to the left connecting rod hole, and the right slider connecting rod is connected to the right connecting rod hole.

[0032] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for using an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0033] S1, reset state:

[0034] The left pawl and the right pawl on the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider are respectively inserted into the corresponding tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, the unlocking pin of the base is at the starting position of the left unlocking inclined surface and the right unlocking inclined surface, the end faces of the left pawl slider and the right pawl slider are in close contact with the boss of the base, and the connecting rod pin of the connecting rod group is at the lower limit position of the connecting rod slot of the base;

[0035] S2, engaged state, the bidirectional ratchet guide moves to the right, the base is driven, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0:

[0036] The bidirectional ratchet guide acts on the right pawl of the right pawl slider, making the right pawl slider tend to move in the same direction; the left pawl slider fits the end face of the base, so the left pawl slider and the base maintain the same movement state.

[0037] Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-direction ratchet slider, the right-direction ratchet slider, the left slider connecting rod, the right slider connecting rod, the base and the connecting rod sliding groove, the base is relatively fixed, and the left-direction ratchet slider is restricted by the base and is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the right-direction ratchet slider transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail to the base through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail → right ratchet slider → right slider connecting rod → left slider connecting rod → left-direction ratchet slider → base, thereby realizing automatic engagement between the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail;

[0038] S3, engaged state, the bidirectional ratchet guide moves to the left, the base is driven, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0:

[0039] The bidirectional ratchet guide acts on the left pawl on the left pawl slider, making the left pawl slider tend to rotate in the same direction. The right pawl slider fits the end face of the base, so the right pawl slider and the base maintain the same motion state.

[0040] Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-direction ratchet slider, the right-direction ratchet slider, the left slider connecting rod, the right slider connecting rod, the base and the connecting rod sliding groove, the base is relatively fixed, and the right-direction ratchet slider is restricted by the base and is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the left-direction ratchet slider transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail to the base through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail → left ratchet → left-direction ratchet slider → left slider connecting rod → right slider connecting rod → right-direction ratchet slider → base, thereby realizing automatic engagement between the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail;

[0041] S4, separation state: the base moves to the right, the bidirectional ratchet guide is driven, when v4 ≥ v1:

[0042] The base pushes the right pawl slider to move in the same direction, and the right pawl slider and the two-way ratchet guide rail are naturally unlocked.

[0043] The left pawl of the left pawl slider is still in meshing state with the lower ratchet bar of the two-way ratchet guide rail. The base cannot drive the left pawl slider to move in the same direction. The left pawl slider is temporarily relatively fixed.

[0044] The unlocking pin on the base acts on the left unlocking inclined surface of the left pawl on the left pawl slider, pushing the left pawl upward to disengage it from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, thereby releasing the meshing relationship between the left pawl slider and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail. The left pawl slider is disengaged from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, realizing bidirectional automatic separation of the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail;

[0045] S5, separation state: the base moves to the left, the bidirectional ratchet guide is driven, when v4 ≥ v1:

[0046] The base pushes the left pawl slider to move in the same direction, and the left pawl slider and the two-way ratchet guide rail are naturally unlocked.

[0047] The right pawl of the right-hand pawl slider is still in meshing with the upper ratchet bar of the two-way ratchet guide rail. The base cannot drive the right-hand pawl slider to move in the same direction. The right-hand pawl slider is temporarily relatively fixed.

[0048] The unlocking pin on the base acts on the right unlocking inclined surface of the right pawl on the right pawl slider, pushing the right pawl downward to disengage it from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, thereby releasing the engagement relationship between the right pawl slider and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, and the right pawl slider disengages from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail, realizing bidirectional automatic separation of the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0050] The present invention provides an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device, which does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage in both directions according to the speed change or movement direction change of the master and slave components: when the bidirectional ratchet guide is active, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0, the bidirectional ratchet guide and the base are automatically engaged in both directions; when the base is active, v4 ≥ v1, the base and the bidirectional ratchet guide are automatically disengaged in both directions.

[0051] The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device of the present invention has technical characteristics such as simple structure, reliable operation, and wide application range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 It is a simplified assembly diagram of the technical solution of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 It is a simplified structural diagram of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the one-way left ratchet slider of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the one-way right ratchet slider of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left ratchet chute plate of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the right ratchet chute plate of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the left pawl of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the right pawl of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the base of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the connecting rod group of the present invention.

[0062] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Bidirectional ratchet guide rail, 11. Guide rail, 12. Upper ratchet bar, 13. Lower ratchet bar, 2. Left ratchet slider, 21. Left front ratchet slide plate, 22. Left rear ratchet slide plate, 23. Left ratchet, 24. Left ratchet spring, 25. Left connecting plate, 213. Left connecting rod hole, 214. Left slide, 215. Left return spring hook, 216. Left upper guide surface, 217. Left lower guide surface, 231. Left ratchet lock tongue, 232. Left unlocking inclined surface, 3. Right ratchet slider, 31. Right front ratchet slide plate, 32. Right rear ratchet slide plate, 33. Right ratchet, 34. Right ratchet spring, 35. Right connecting plate, 313. Right connecting rod hole, 314. Right slide, 315. Right Return spring hook, 316, upper right guide surface, 317, lower right guide surface, 331, right pawl lock tongue, 332, right unlocking inclined surface, 4, base, 41, bottom plate, 411, return spring groove, 412, connecting rod slide, 413, upper limit, 414, lower limit, 415, upper guide surface, 416, lower guide surface, 42, unlocking pin seat, 421, support plate, 422, unlocking pin, 5, return spring, 6, connecting rod group, 61, left slider connecting rod, 62, right slider connecting rod, 63, connecting rod pin, h, height dimension of upper ratchet (lower ratchet) in bidirectional ratchet guide rail, α, initial angle between left slider connecting rod (right slider connecting rod) and horizontal plane, θ, angle between left unlocking inclined surface (right unlocking inclined surface) and horizontal plane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside" and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and simplify the description. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0066] Example

[0067] See also Figures 1 to 10 This embodiment provides an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device, comprising a bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, a left-direction ratchet slider 2, a right-direction ratchet slider 3, a base 4, a return spring 5, and a connecting rod assembly 6. The base 4 is provided with a boss, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 passes through the boss.

[0068] The bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 are arranged above the base 4. The left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 are arranged on both sides of the boss. The left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 are slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 can move relative to each other in one direction within a certain range along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1.

[0069] The return spring 5 is arranged inside the boss, and one end of the return spring 5 is connected to the left pawl slider 2, and the other end of the return spring 5 is connected to the right pawl slider 3. The return spring 5 is used to make the left pawl slider 2 and the right pawl slider 3 fit with the boss on the base 4, and at the same time, the left pawl slider 2 and the right pawl slider 3 can automatically return to the initial state when the external force is withdrawn;

[0070] The connecting rod group 6 is installed on the boss, and there are two groups of connecting rod groups 6. The connecting rod groups 6 are arranged on the front and rear sides of the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3. One end of the two groups of connecting rod groups 6 is connected to the left-hand pawl slider 2, and the other end of the connecting rod group 6 is connected to the right-hand pawl slider 3.

[0071] In this embodiment, the left-hand pawl slider 2, base 4, connecting rod group 6 and right-hand pawl slider 3 are connected to form a working relationship of a six-bar mechanism, so that the various components of the adaptive pawl-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device become a coordinated whole in motion. When the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 is active and v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0, the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 support each other through the connecting rod group 6 to transfer the load; when the base 4 is active and v4 ≥ v1, the connecting rod group 6 coordinates the motion relationship between the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 and the base 4, so that there will be no motion interference between the three during the unlocking process, and the base 4 respectively releases the meshing relationship between the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, thereby realizing bidirectional automatic engagement and separation, wherein v1 is the motion speed of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, and v4 is the motion speed of the base 4.

[0072] In this embodiment, the base 4 also includes a bottom plate 41 and an unlocking pin seat 42. A boss and four unlocking pin seats 42 are provided above the bottom plate 41. One end of the boss is connected to the left-hand pawl slider 2, and the other end of the boss is connected to the right-hand pawl slider 3. The boss is slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, and an unlocking pin seat 42 is provided at both ends of the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3.

[0073] In this embodiment, the unlocking pin seat 42 includes a support plate 421 and an unlocking pin 422. The support plate 421 is fixed above the bottom plate 41.

[0074] In the reset state, the unlocking pin 422 is connected to the left pawl slider 2 and the right pawl slider 3. In the unlocking state, the unlocking pin 422 is used to release the engagement relationship between the left pawl slider 2 and the right pawl slider 3 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1.

[0075] In this embodiment, the boss is composed of a U-shaped structure consisting of a front side plate, a lower bottom plate and a rear side plate. The front side plate, the lower bottom plate and the rear side plate are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, and the lower bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate 41. The planes opposite to the front side plate and the rear side plate are provided with a return spring groove 411, an upper guide surface 415 and a lower guide surface 416. The return spring groove 411 is arranged between the upper guide surface 415 and the lower guide surface 416, and the return spring 5 is installed in the return spring groove 411. The front side plate and the rear side plate are provided with a connecting rod groove 412, and the connecting rod groove 412 is vertically arranged. The connecting rod group 6 is connected to the connecting rod groove 412.

[0076] In this embodiment, the top of the connecting rod slot 412 is an upper limit position 413 , and the bottom of the connecting rod slot 412 is a lower limit position 414 . The distance between the upper limit position 413 and the lower limit position 414 is equal to the travel range of the connecting rod assembly 6 .

[0077] In this embodiment, the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 includes a guide rail 11, an upper ratchet bar 12 and a lower ratchet bar 13. The bottom end of the guide rail 11 is connected to the lower base plate of the boss. The guide rail 11 is provided with an upper ratchet bar 12 and a lower ratchet bar 13 at the front and back. The upper ratchet bar 12 and the lower ratchet bar 13 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail 11, with opposite tooth surfaces and opposite tooth directions. There is a guide channel in the middle of the upper ratchet bar 12 and the lower ratchet bar 13. The upper ratchet bar 12 is connected to the upper guide surface 415, and the lower ratchet bar 13 is connected to the lower guide surface 416, so that the base 4 can move in a bidirectional straight line along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1.

[0078] In this embodiment, the left-hand pawl slider 2 includes a left front pawl slot plate 21, a left rear pawl slot plate 22, a left pawl 23 and a left connecting plate 25. The left front pawl slot plate 21, the left connecting plate 25 and the left rear pawl slot plate 22 form a U-shaped structure. The left front pawl slot plate 21, the left connecting plate 25 and the left rear pawl slot plate 22 are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 and move leftward along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The left connecting plate 25 is connected to the bottom plate 41. The left front pawl slot plate 21 and the left rear pawl slot plate 22 are both provided with a left pawl 23. When the base 4 moves to the left, the left pawl 23 is connected to the unlocking pin 422, and the right-hand pawl slider 3 is unlocked.

[0079] In this embodiment, the left front pawl slide plate 21 and the left rear pawl slide plate 22 are both provided with a left connecting rod hole 213, a left slide groove 214, a left return spring hook 215, a left upper guide surface 216 and a left lower guide surface 217. The top of the left slide groove 214 is provided with a left upper guide surface 216, the bottom of the left slide groove 214 is provided with a left lower guide surface 217, left return spring hooks 215 are provided at both ends of the left slide groove 214, and a left connecting rod hole 213 is provided in the middle of the left upper guide surface 216. The left pawl 23 is slidably installed in the left slide groove 214, and the distance between the bottom end of the left slide groove 214 and the bottom end of the left pawl 23 is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar 13, so as to make the left pawl 23 slide up and down along the left slide groove 214.

[0080] One end of the connecting rod group 6 passes through the left connecting rod hole 213, the upper left guide surface 216 is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar 12, the lower left guide surface 217 is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar 13, and one end of the return spring 5 is connected to the left return spring hook 215. The return spring 5 is used to make the left front ratchet slide plate 21, the left connecting plate 25 and the left rear ratchet slide plate 22 fit with the front side plate, lower bottom plate and rear side plate of the boss respectively, and at the same time make the left ratchet slider 2 automatically return to its initial state when the external force is removed.

[0081] In this embodiment, a left pawl spring 24 is provided above the left pawl 23, and a left pawl lock tongue 231 and a left unlocking inclined surface 232 are provided below the left pawl 23. When the base 4 moves to the left, the left unlocking inclined surface 232 is connected to the unlocking pin 422.

[0082] In the reset state, under the action of the left pawl spring 24, the left pawl lock tongue 231 is inserted downward into the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar 13 of the two-way ratchet guide rail 1, so that the left-hand pawl slider 2 can only move to the left; in the unlocked state, the left pawl 23 is pushed and pulled upward from the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar 13, so that the left-hand pawl slider 2 can be free from the constraint of the two-way ratchet guide rail 1.

[0083] In this embodiment, the right-direction ratchet slider 3 includes a right front ratchet slot plate 31, a right rear ratchet slot plate 32, a right ratchet 33 and a right connecting plate 35. The right front ratchet slot plate 31, the right connecting plate 35 and the right rear ratchet slot plate 32 form a U-shaped structure. The right front ratchet slot plate 31, the right connecting plate 35 and the right rear ratchet slot plate 32 are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 and move rightward along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The right connecting plate 35 is connected to the bottom plate 41. The right front ratchet slot plate 31 and the right rear ratchet slot plate 32 are both provided with a right ratchet 33. When the base 4 moves to the right, the right ratchet 33 is connected to the unlocking pin 422, and the left front ratchet slot plate 21 is unlocked.

[0084] The pawl 33 is slidably mounted in the right slot 314, and the distance between the bottom end of the right slot 314 and the bottom end of the right pawl 33 is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar 13, so that the right pawl 33 can slide up and down along the right slot 314.

[0085] The other end of the connecting rod group 6 passes through the right connecting rod hole 313, the upper right guide surface 316 is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar 12, the lower right guide surface 317 is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar 13, and the other end of the return spring 5 is connected to the right return spring hook 315. The return spring 5 is used to make the right front ratchet slide plate 31, the right connecting plate 35 and the right rear ratchet slide plate 32 fit with the front side plate, lower bottom plate and rear side plate of the boss respectively, and at the same time make the right ratchet slider 3 automatically return to its initial state when the external force is removed.

[0086] In this embodiment, a right pawl spring 34 is provided above the right pawl 33, and a right pawl lock tongue 331 and a right unlocking inclined surface 332 are provided below the right pawl 33. When the base 4 moves to the right, the right unlocking inclined surface 332 is connected to the unlocking pin 422.

[0087] In the reset state, under the action of the right pawl spring 34, the right pawl lock tongue 331 is inserted upward into the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar 12 of the two-way ratchet guide rail 1, so that the right pawl slider 3 can only move to the right; in the unlocked state, the right pawl 33 is pushed and pulled downward from the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar 12, so that the right pawl slider 3 can be freed from the constraint of the two-way ratchet guide rail 1.

[0088] In this embodiment, the connecting rod group 6 includes a left slider connecting rod 61, a right slider connecting rod 62 and a connecting rod pin 63, one end of the connecting rod pin 63 is hinged to the left slider connecting rod 61 and the right slider connecting rod 62, and the other end of the connecting rod pin 63 passes through the connecting rod slide groove 412, and the connecting rod pin 63 can slide up and down in the connecting rod slide groove 412, and the distance between the upper limit 413 and the lower limit 414 of the connecting rod slide groove 412 is equal to the travel range of the connecting pin 63. The travel range must not only ensure the unlocking requirement of the unlocking pin seat 42, but also prevent the mechanism from having a dead point. When the connecting pin 63 is at the lower limit 414, the device is in the reset state, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 is engaged with the base 4; when the connecting pin 63 is at the upper limit 413, the device is in the unlocked state, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 is separated from the base 4;

[0089] The left slider connecting rod 61 is connected to the left connecting rod hole 213 , and the right slider connecting rod 62 is connected to the right connecting rod hole 313 .

[0090] The relationship between the stroke S of the connecting rod slot 412 and the height h of the upper ratchet or the lower ratchet in the bidirectional ratchet guide is: S≥l·sinα-√l 2 -(i·cosα+h·ctanθ) 2 , where: Figure 10 As shown, l is the length of the left slider link 61 or the right slider link 62, α is the initial angle between the left slider link 61 or the right slider link 62 and the horizontal plane, and θ is the angle between the left unlocking inclined surface 232 or the right unlocking inclined surface 332 and the horizontal plane.

[0091] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for using an adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and separation device, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0092] S1, reset state:

[0093] The left pawl 23 and the right pawl 33 on the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 are respectively inserted into the corresponding tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The unlocking pin 422 of the base 4 is at the starting position of the left unlocking inclined surface 232 and the right unlocking inclined surface 332. The end surfaces of the left-hand pawl slider 2 and the right-hand pawl slider 3 are in close contact with the boss of the base 4. The connecting rod pin 63 of the connecting rod assembly 6 is at the lower limit position 414 of the connecting rod slot 412 of the base 4.

[0094] S2, engaged state, bidirectional ratchet guide 1 moves rightward, base 4 is driven, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0:

[0095] The bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 acts on the right pawl 33 of the right pawl slider 3, so that the right pawl slider 3 tends to move in the same direction; the left pawl slider 2 fits the end surface of the base 4, so the left pawl slider 2 and the base 4 maintain the same movement state.

[0096] Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-hand pawl slider 2, the right-hand pawl slider 3, the left slider connecting rod 61, the right slider connecting rod 62, the base 4 and the connecting rod slot 412, the base 4 is relatively fixed, and the left-hand pawl slider 2 is restricted by the base 4 and is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the right-hand pawl slider 3 transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 to the base 4 through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 → right pawl 33 → right-hand pawl slider 3 → right slider connecting rod 62 → left slider connecting rod 61 → left-hand pawl slider 2 → base 4, thereby achieving automatic engagement between the base 4 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1;

[0097] S3, engaged state, bidirectional ratchet guide 1 moves to the left, base 4 is driven, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0:

[0098] The bidirectional ratchet guide 1 acts on the left pawl 23 on the left pawl slider 2, causing the left pawl slider 2 to rotate in the same direction. The right pawl slider 3 fits the end surface of the base 4, so the right pawl slider 3 and the base 4 maintain the same motion state.

[0099] Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-hand pawl slider 2, the right-hand pawl slider 3, the left slider connecting rod 61, the right slider connecting rod 62, the base 4 and the connecting rod slot 412, the base 4 is relatively fixed, and the right-hand pawl slider 3 is restricted by the base 4 and is also relatively fixed. Therefore, the left-hand pawl slider 2 transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 to the base 4 through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 → left pawl 23 → left-hand pawl slider 2 → left slider connecting rod 61 → right slider connecting rod 62 → right-hand pawl slider 3 → base 4, thereby achieving automatic engagement between the base 4 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1;

[0100] S4, separation state: the base 4 moves to the right, the bidirectional ratchet guide 1 is driven, v4 ≥ v1:

[0101] The base 4 pushes the right pawl slider 3 to move in the same direction, and the right pawl slider 3 and the two-way ratchet guide rail 1 are naturally unlocked.

[0102] The left pawl 23 of the left pawl slider 2 is still in meshing state with the lower ratchet bar 13 of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The base 4 cannot drive the left pawl slider 2 to move in the same direction. The left pawl slider 2 is temporarily fixed.

[0103] The unlocking pin 422 on the base 4 acts on the left unlocking inclined surface 232 of the left pawl 23 on the left pawl slider 2, pushing the left pawl 23 upward to disengage it from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, thereby releasing the meshing relationship between the left pawl slider 2 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The left pawl slider 2 is disengaged from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, realizing the bidirectional automatic separation of the base 4 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1;

[0104] S5, separation state: the base 4 moves to the left, the bidirectional ratchet guide 1 is driven, v4 ≥ v1:

[0105] The base 4 pushes the left pawl slider 2 to move in the same direction, and the left pawl slider 2 and the two-way ratchet guide rail 1 are naturally unlocked.

[0106] The right pawl 33 of the right-hand pawl slider 3 is still in meshing with the upper ratchet bar 12 of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1. The base 4 cannot drive the right-hand pawl slider 3 to move in the same direction. The right-hand pawl slider 3 is temporarily relatively fixed.

[0107] The unlocking pin 422 on the base 4 acts on the right unlocking inclined surface 332 of the right pawl 33 on the right pawl slider 3, pushing the right pawl 33 downward to disengage it from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, thereby releasing the meshing relationship between the right pawl slider 3 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, and the right pawl slider 3 is disengaged from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1, realizing bidirectional automatic separation of the base 4 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1.

[0108] In summary, the adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device described in this embodiment does not require any additional operating mechanism and can automatically engage or disengage in both directions according to the speed change or movement direction change of the master and slave components:

[0109] When the bidirectional ratchet guide 1 is active, v1 ≥ v4 or v4 = 0, the bidirectional ratchet guide 1 and the base 4 are automatically bidirectionally engaged;

[0110] When the base 4 is active, v4 ≥ v1, the base 4 and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail 1 are automatically separated in both directions.

[0111] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), a left-direction ratchet slider (2), a right-direction ratchet slider (3), a base (4), a return spring (5) and a connecting rod group (6), wherein the base (4) is provided with a boss, and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) passes through the boss. The bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), the left-direction ratchet slider (2) and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) are arranged above the base (4); the left-direction ratchet slider (2) and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) are arranged on both sides of the boss; the left-direction ratchet slider (2) and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) are slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1); the left-direction ratchet slider (2) and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) can move relative to each other in one direction within a certain range along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1); The return spring (5) is arranged inside the boss, one end of the return spring (5) is connected to the left-hand pawl slider (2), and the other end of the return spring (5) is connected to the right-hand pawl slider (3). The return spring (5) is used to make the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3) fit the boss on the base (4), and at the same time, make the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3) automatically return to their initial state when the external force is removed; The connecting rod group (6) is mounted on the boss. Two connecting rod groups (6) are provided. The connecting rod groups (6) are provided on the front and rear sides of the left-hand ratchet slider (2) and the right-hand ratchet slider (3). One end of each connecting rod group (6) is connected to the left-hand ratchet slider (2), and the other end is connected to the right-hand ratchet slider (3). The left-hand ratchet slider (2), the base (4), the connecting rod group (6) and the right-hand ratchet slider (3) are connected to form a working relationship of a six-bar mechanism. When the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) is active and or When the left pawl slider (2) and the right pawl slider (3) support each other through the connecting rod group (6), the load is transmitted; when the base (4) is active and When the left and right ratchet sliders (2 and 3) are unlocked, the connecting rod group (6) coordinates the motion relationship between the left ratchet slider (2) and the right ratchet slider (3) and the base (4), so that there is no motion interference between the three during the unlocking process. The base (4) releases the meshing relationship between the left ratchet slider (2) and the right ratchet slider (3) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), thereby realizing bidirectional automatic engagement and separation. In this case, v1 is the motion speed of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), and v4 is the motion speed of the base (4).

2. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (4) further comprises a bottom plate (41) and an unlocking pin seat (42), a boss and four unlocking pin seats (42) are provided above the bottom plate (41), one end of the boss is connected to the left-hand pawl slider (2), and the other end of the boss is connected to the right-hand pawl slider (3), the boss is slidably connected to the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), and an unlocking pin seat (42) is provided at both left and right ends of the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3); The unlocking pin seat (42) includes a support plate (421) and an unlocking pin (422). The support plate (421) is fixed above the base plate (41). In the reset state, the unlocking pin (422) is connected to the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3), respectively. In the unlocking state, the unlocking pin (422) is used to release the meshing relationship between the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1).

3. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The boss is composed of a front side plate, a lower bottom plate and a rear side plate to form a U-shaped structure. The front side plate, the lower bottom plate and the rear side plate are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1). The lower bottom plate is connected to the bottom plate (41). The planes opposite to the front side plate and the rear side plate are provided with a return spring groove (411), an upper guide surface (415) and a lower guide surface (416). The return spring groove (411) is provided between the upper guide surface (415) and the lower guide surface (416). The return spring (5) is installed in the return spring groove (411). The front side plate and the rear side plate are provided with a connecting rod groove (412). The connecting rod groove (412) is vertically arranged. The connecting rod group (6) is connected to the connecting rod groove (412). The top end of the connecting rod slot (412) is an upper limit position (413), and the bottom end of the connecting rod slot (412) is a lower limit position (414). The distance between the upper limit position (413) and the lower limit position (414) is equal to the travel range of the connecting rod assembly (6).

4. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) comprises a guide rail (11), an upper ratchet bar (12) and a lower ratchet bar (13), the bottom end of the guide rail (11) is connected to the lower base plate of the boss, and the guide rail (11) is provided with an upper ratchet bar (12) and a lower ratchet bar (13) at the front and rear ends. The upper ratchet bar (12) and the lower ratchet bar (13) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the guide rail (11), with tooth surfaces facing each other and tooth directions opposite to each other. A guide channel is provided between the upper ratchet bar (12) and the lower ratchet bar (13), the upper ratchet bar (12) is connected to the upper guide surface (415), and the lower ratchet bar (13) is connected to the lower guide surface (416), so that the base (4) moves in a bidirectional linear manner along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1).

5. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The left-direction ratchet slider (2) comprises a left front ratchet slot plate (21), a left rear ratchet slot plate (22), a left ratchet (23) and a left connecting plate (25). The left front ratchet slot plate (21), the left connecting plate (25) and the left rear ratchet slot plate (22) form a U-shaped structure. The left front ratchet slot plate (21), the left connecting plate (25) and the left rear ratchet slot plate (22) are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) and move leftward along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1). The left connecting plate (25) is connected to the bottom plate (41). The left front ratchet slot plate (21) and the left rear ratchet slot plate (22) are both provided with a left ratchet (23). When the base (4) moves leftward, the left ratchet (23) is connected to the unlocking pin (422), and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) is unlocked. The right-hand ratchet slider (3) comprises a right front ratchet slot plate (31), a right rear ratchet slot plate (32), a right ratchet (33) and a right connecting plate (35). The right front ratchet slot plate (31), the right connecting plate (35) and the right rear ratchet slot plate (32) form a U-shaped structure. The right front ratchet slot plate (31), the right connecting plate (35) and the right rear ratchet slot plate (32) are surrounded on both sides of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) and move rightward along the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1). The right connecting plate (35) is connected to the bottom plate (41). The right front ratchet slot plate (31) and the right rear ratchet slot plate (32) are both provided with a right ratchet (33). When the base (4) moves rightward, the right ratchet (33) is connected to the unlocking pin (422), and the left-hand ratchet slider (2) is unlocked.

6. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The left front ratchet chute plate (21) and the left rear ratchet chute plate (22) are both provided with a left connecting rod hole (213), a left chute (214), a left return spring hook (215), a left upper guide surface (216) and a left lower guide surface (217). The top of the left chute (214) is provided with a left upper guide surface (216), the bottom of the left chute (214) is provided with a left lower guide surface (217), both ends of the left chute (214) are provided with left return spring hooks (215), and the middle of the left upper guide surface (216) is provided with a left connecting rod hole (213). The left ratchet (23) is slidably mounted in the left chute (214), and the distance between the bottom end of the left chute (214) and the bottom end of the left ratchet (23) is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar (13), so as to enable the left ratchet (23) to slide up and down along the left chute (214). One end of the connecting rod group (6) passes through the left connecting rod hole (213), the upper left guide surface (216) is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar (12), the lower left guide surface (217) is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar (13), and one end of the return spring (5) is connected to the left return spring hook (215). The return spring (5) is used to make the left front ratchet chute plate (21), the left connecting plate (25) and the left rear ratchet chute plate (22) respectively fit with the front side plate, the lower bottom plate and the rear side plate of the boss, and at the same time make the left ratchet slider (2) automatically return to its initial state when the external force is removed; The right front ratchet chute plate (31) and the right rear ratchet chute plate (32) are both provided with a right connecting rod hole (313), a right chute (314), a right return spring hook (315), a right upper guide surface (316) and a right lower guide surface (317). The top of the right chute (314) is provided with a right upper guide surface (316), the bottom of the right chute (314) is provided with a right lower guide surface (317), both ends of the right chute (314) are provided with right return spring hooks (315), and the middle of the right upper guide surface (316) is provided with a right connecting rod hole (313). The right ratchet (33) is slidably installed in the right chute (314), and the distance between the bottom end of the right chute (314) and the bottom end of the right ratchet (33) is greater than the height of the ratchet teeth of the lower ratchet bar (13), so as to enable the right ratchet (33) to slide up and down along the right chute (314). The other end of the connecting rod group (6) passes through the right connecting rod hole (313), the right upper guide surface (316) is slidably connected to the upper ratchet bar (12), the right lower guide surface (317) is slidably connected to the lower ratchet bar (13), and the other end of the return spring (5) is connected to the right return spring hook (315). The return spring (5) is used to make the right front ratchet chute plate (31), the right connecting plate (35) and the right rear ratchet chute plate (32) respectively fit with the front side plate, the lower bottom plate and the rear side plate of the boss, and at the same time make the right ratchet slider (3) automatically return to its initial state when the external force is removed.

7. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A left pawl spring (24) is provided above the left pawl (23), and a left pawl lock tongue (231) and a left unlocking inclined surface (232) are provided below the left pawl (23). When the base (4) moves to the left, the left unlocking inclined surface (232) is connected to the unlocking pin (422). In the reset state, under the action of the left pawl spring (24), the left pawl lock tongue (231) is inserted downward into the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar (13) of the two-way ratchet guide rail (1), so that the left-hand pawl slider (2) can only move to the left; in the unlocked state, the left pawl (23) is pushed and pulled upward from the tooth groove of the lower ratchet bar (13), so that the left-hand pawl slider (2) can be freed from the constraint of the two-way ratchet guide rail (1); A right pawl spring (34) is provided above the right pawl (33), and a right pawl lock tongue (331) and a right unlocking inclined surface (332) are provided below the right pawl (33). When the base (4) moves to the right, the right unlocking inclined surface (332) is connected to the unlocking pin (422). In the reset state, under the action of the right pawl spring (34), the right pawl lock tongue (331) is inserted upward into the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar (12) of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), so that the right pawl slider (3) can only move to the right; in the unlocked state, the right pawl (33) is pushed and pulled downward from the tooth groove of the upper ratchet bar (12), so that the right pawl slider (3) can be freed from the constraint of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1).

8. The adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The connecting rod group (6) includes a left slider connecting rod (61), a right slider connecting rod (62) and a connecting rod pin (63), one end of the connecting rod pin (63) is hinged to the left slider connecting rod (61) and the right slider connecting rod (62), and the other end of the connecting rod pin (63) passes through the connecting rod slide groove (412). The connecting rod pin (63) can slide up and down in the connecting rod slide groove (412), and the distance between the upper limit (413) and the lower limit (414) of the connecting rod slide groove (412) is equal to the travel range of the connecting rod pin (63). When the connecting rod pin (63) is at the lower limit (414), the device is in a reset state, and the two-way ratchet guide rail (1) is engaged with the base (4); when the connecting rod pin (63) is at the upper limit (413), the device is in an unlocked state, and the two-way ratchet guide rail (1) is separated from the base (4); The left slider connecting rod (61) is connected to the left connecting rod hole (213), and the right slider connecting rod (62) is connected to the right connecting rod hole (313).

9. A method for using the adaptive ratchet-type bidirectional linear engagement and disengagement device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1, reset state: The left pawl (23) and the right pawl (33) on the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3) are respectively inserted into the corresponding tooth grooves of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), the unlocking pin (422) of the base (4) is at the starting position of the left unlocking inclined surface (232) and the right unlocking inclined surface (332), the end faces of the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the right-hand pawl slider (3) are in close contact with the boss of the base (4), and the connecting rod pin (63) of the connecting rod group (6) is at the lower limit position (414) of the connecting rod slot (412) of the base (4); S2, engagement state, the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) moves to the right, and the base (4) is driven. or hour: The bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) acts on the right pawl (33) of the right pawl slider (3), so that the right pawl slider (3) tends to move in the same direction; the left pawl slider (2) fits the end surface of the base (4), and the left pawl slider (2) and the base (4) maintain the same movement state. Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-direction ratchet slider (2), the right-direction ratchet slider (3), the left slider connecting rod (61), the right slider connecting rod (62), the base (4) and the connecting rod slot (412), the base (4) is relatively fixed, the left-direction ratchet slider (2) is restricted by the base (4) and is also relatively fixed, and the right-direction ratchet slider (3) transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) to the base (4) through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) → right ratchet (33) → right-direction ratchet slider (3) → right slider connecting rod (62) → left slider connecting rod (61) → left-direction ratchet slider (2) → base (4), thereby realizing automatic engagement of the base (4) with the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1); S3, engagement state, the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) moves to the left, and the base (4) is driven. or hour: The bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) acts on the left pawl (23) on the left pawl slider (2), so that the left pawl slider (2) has a tendency to move in the same direction, and the right pawl slider (3) fits the end surface of the base (4), and the right pawl slider (3) and the base (4) maintain the same movement state. Under the coordinated action of the six-bar mechanism composed of the left-direction ratchet slider (2), the right-direction ratchet slider (3), the left slider connecting rod (61), the right slider connecting rod (62), the base (4) and the connecting rod slot (412), the base (4) is relatively fixed, the right-direction ratchet slider (3) is restricted by the base (4) and is also relatively fixed, and the left-direction ratchet slider (2) transmits the force of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) to the base (4) through the following force transmission path: bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) → left ratchet (23) → left-direction ratchet slider (2) → left slider connecting rod (61) → right slider connecting rod (62) → right-direction ratchet slider (3) → base (4), thereby realizing automatic engagement of the base (4) with the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1); S4, separation state: the base (4) moves to the right, and the bidirectional ratchet guide (1) is driven. hour: The base (4) pushes the right-hand pawl slider (3) to move in the same direction, and the right-hand pawl slider (3) and the two-way ratchet guide rail (1) are naturally unlocked. The left pawl (23) of the left pawl slider (2) and the lower ratchet bar (13) of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) are still in a meshing state, and the base (4) cannot drive the left pawl slider (2) to move in the same direction. The left pawl slider (2) is relatively fixed. The unlocking pin (422) on the base (4) acts on the left unlocking inclined surface (232) of the left pawl (23) on the left pawl slider (2), pushing the left pawl (23) to move upward, so that it is disengaged from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), releasing the meshing relationship between the left pawl slider (2) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), and the left pawl slider (2) is disengaged from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), thereby realizing bidirectional automatic separation of the base (4) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1); S5, separation state: the base (4) moves to the left, and the bidirectional ratchet guide (1) is driven. hour: The base (4) pushes the left-hand pawl slider (2) to move in the same direction, and the left-hand pawl slider (2) and the two-way ratchet guide rail (1) are naturally unlocked. The right pawl (33) of the right-hand pawl slider (3) and the upper ratchet bar (12) of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1) are still in meshing state, and the base (4) cannot drive the right-hand pawl slider (3) to move in the same direction. The right-hand pawl slider (3) is relatively fixed. The unlocking pin (422) on the base (4) acts on the right unlocking inclined surface (332) of the right pawl (33) on the right pawl slider (3), pushing the right pawl (33) downward to disengage the right pawl from the tooth groove of the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), thereby releasing the meshing relationship between the right pawl slider (3) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), and the right pawl slider (3) is disengaged from the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1), thereby realizing bidirectional automatic separation of the base (4) and the bidirectional ratchet guide rail (1).

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