Method of characterizing reactivity of a chemical system, detection device, and readable storage medium

Abstract

The application provides a method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, a detection device and a readable storage medium. The method for characterizing the reaction activity of the chemical system comprises charging a plurality of batteries of the chemical system at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates; obtaining energy efficiency and charge-discharge windows; judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate. The energy efficiency change rule of the battery with different capacities under different temperature conditions and different charge-discharge rates is explored through experiments, and the reaction activity of the chemical system is judged according to the relationship between the rate and the energy efficiency. Through the exploration of the charge-discharge rule, the battery is in the best temperature in the subsequent actual use condition, the charge-discharge rate is lower than the charging window, the lithium precipitation is reduced, the battery is in a good running state, the working efficiency is improved, and the service life is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of lithium batteries, in particular to a method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, a detection device and a readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium ion batteries have good safety performance and excellent cycle performance, and stable use performance, and have been widely used in power battery and energy storage battery markets. With the change of application scenarios, the performance requirements are also different. Different charge and discharge rates will have a significant impact on the cycle performance and energy efficiency of the battery. On the one hand, it is necessary to have a high enough charge and discharge speed, and on the other hand, the life and cost of the battery also need to be considered.

[0003] In order to improve the charging speed, the existing charging scheme is mainly divided into two kinds, one is to improve the initial charge and discharge rate, and the other is to improve the cut-off charging voltage. These two schemes improve the charging speed, but also have a certain impact on the service life of the battery, and increase the use cost. Therefore, it is very important to explore the relationship between the charge and discharge rate and the energy efficiency.

[0004] The above problems are urgent to be solved. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, a detection device and a readable storage medium.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, comprising:

[0007] Charging the batteries of a plurality of chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge and discharge rates;

[0008] Obtaining energy efficiency and charge and discharge window;

[0009] According to the relationship between the charge and discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge and discharge window, the reaction activity of the chemical system is judged, and the best charge and discharge rate is obtained.

[0010] Further, the step of charging the batteries of a plurality of chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge and discharge rates comprises:

[0011] Adjusting the charge and discharge rate from high to low under constant temperature conditions, and testing the energy efficiency of the plurality of chemical systems;

[0012] Adjusting the charge and discharge rate from low to high at different temperatures, and obtaining the charge and discharge window of the three-electrode battery.

[0013] Further, the step of obtaining the relationship between the charge and discharge rate and the energy efficiency comprises:

[0014] Plotting according to the charge-discharge rate and energy efficiency;

[0015] Obtaining the energy efficiency change curve of different chemical systems;

[0016] Determining the reaction activity according to the absolute value of the slope.

[0017] Further, the step of determining the reaction activity according to the absolute value of the slope, namely:

[0018] The greater the absolute value of the slope, the greater the influence of the current density on the energy efficiency, and the worse the activity.

[0019] Further, the step of obtaining the relationship between the temperature and the charge-discharge window comprises:

[0020] Plotting the battery remaining capacity and the charge-discharge window;

[0021] Obtaining the change curve of the charge-discharge window at different temperatures;

[0022] Determining the charge-discharge rate at different temperatures according to the change curve of the charge-discharge window.

[0023] Further, the step of determining the charge-discharge rate at different temperatures according to the change curve of the charge-discharge window comprises:

[0024] Making the charge-discharge rate always lower than the charge-discharge window.

[0025] Further, the step of determining the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the relationship between the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate comprises:

[0026] According to the battery remaining capacity, obtaining the range of the charge-discharge rate lower than the charge-discharge window;

[0027] Selecting the optimal charge-discharge rate within the range of the charge-discharge rate;

[0028] Following the change of the battery remaining capacity, selecting the corresponding optimal charge-discharge rate, so that the chemical system has the highest reaction activity when the battery is charging.

[0029] The application also provides a detection device for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, comprising:

[0030] A charging module adapted to charge the batteries of a plurality of chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates;

[0031] An obtaining module adapted to energy efficiency and charge-discharge window.

[0032] The analysis module is suitable for judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate.

[0033] The application further provides a computer readable storage medium, at least one instruction is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the instruction is executed by a processor to realize the method for representing the reaction activity of the chemical system.

[0034] The application further provides an electronic device, which comprises a memory and a processor; at least one instruction is stored in the memory; and the processor realizes the method for representing the reaction activity of the chemical system by loading and executing the at least one instruction.

[0035] The application has the beneficial effect that the application provides a method for representing the reaction activity of a chemical system, a detection device and a readable storage medium. The method for representing the reaction activity of the chemical system comprises: charging a battery of a plurality of chemical systems at different temperatures and at different charge-discharge rates; obtaining energy efficiency and a charge-discharge window; judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate. The energy efficiency change rule of the battery of different capacities at different temperatures and at different charge-discharge rates is explored through experiments, and the reaction activity of the chemical system is judged through the relationship between the rate and the energy efficiency. With the increase of the current density, the rate increases, and the energy efficiency gradually decreases. Through the exploration of the charge-discharge rule, the battery is in the optimal temperature in the subsequent actual use condition, the charge-discharge rate is lower than the charge window, the lithium precipitation is reduced, the battery is in a good operating state, the working efficiency is improved, and the service life is increased. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0037] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for representing the reaction activity of the chemical system provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0038] Figure 2 is a relationship diagram of the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0039] Figure 3 is a relationship diagram of the temperature and the charge-discharge window provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0040] Figure 4 is a principle block diagram of the detection device for representing the reaction activity of the chemical system provided by the embodiment of the application.

[0041] Figure 5Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a part of the electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present application will now be further described in greater detail in connection with the accompanying drawings. These drawings are not necessarily to scale and are intended to be merely illustrative of the basic structure of the application, and thus, only the principles of the application are shown in these drawings.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Referring to Figure 1 The embodiment provides a method for characterizing reaction activity of a chemical system. With the increase of current density, the rate is increased, and the energy efficiency is gradually reduced. Through exploration of the charging and discharging rules, the battery is in the best temperature in the subsequent actual use condition, the charging and discharging rate is lower than the charging window, the lithium precipitation is reduced, the battery is in a good operating state, the working efficiency is improved, and the service life is increased.

[0045] In the embodiment, the method for characterizing reaction activity of a chemical system comprises the following steps.

[0046] S110: charging the batteries of the plurality of chemical systems at different temperatures and different charging and discharging rates.

[0047] Specifically, the step S110 comprises the following steps.

[0048] S111: adjusting the charging and discharging rate of the plurality of chemical systems from high to low under constant temperature conditions, and testing the energy efficiency.

[0049] Several chemical systems are subjected to multi-rate charging and discharging. Based on the barfoot formula, under strong polarization, the Tafel formula η=a+blgic is met, and under weak polarization, the linear relationship η=RT / iF×ic is met. The relationship between the charging and discharging rate and the energy efficiency is explored, the reaction activity of different chemical systems can be judged, but the energy efficiency extreme value is about 98%, and with the increase of the charging and discharging rate, the energy efficiency is gradually smaller.

[0050] S112: adjusting the charging and discharging rate of the three-electrode battery from low to high at different temperatures, and obtaining the charging and discharging window.

[0051] S120: obtaining the energy efficiency and the charging and discharging window.

[0052] Specifically, the energy efficiency, the corresponding charging and discharging rate, and the chemical system are input into a drawing tool, the charging and discharging window corresponding to the charging and discharging rate, the temperature condition and the remaining capacity of the battery are input into the drawing tool, and the tool can be but is not limited to a PC and a mobile terminal.

[0053] S130: The reactivity of the chemical system is determined based on the relationship between charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency, and temperature and charge / discharge window, in order to obtain the optimal charge / discharge rate.

[0054] The steps for obtaining the relationship between charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency include: plotting the charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency; obtaining energy efficiency variation curves for different chemical systems; and judging the reaction activity based on the absolute value of the slope. A larger absolute value of the slope indicates a greater impact of current density on energy efficiency and a poorer reaction activity.

[0055] Specifically, using chemical systems of 2Ah, 50Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, 280Ah, and 300Ah (such as...) Figure 2 As shown in the figure, under constant temperature of 25℃ in a high and low temperature chamber, the charge and discharge rates were adjusted from high to low to test the energy efficiency. Then, the charge and discharge rates and energy efficiency were plotted. The level of reactivity was judged by the absolute value of the slope. The larger the absolute value of the slope, the greater the influence of the current density on the energy efficiency and the worse the reactivity. As the charge and discharge rate increases, the energy efficiency gradually decreases. The energy efficiency extreme values ​​of several different chemical systems are all around 98%.

[0056] The steps for obtaining the relationship between temperature and charge / discharge window include: plotting the remaining battery capacity and charge / discharge window; obtaining the change curves of the charge / discharge window at different temperatures; and determining the charge / discharge rate at different temperatures based on the change curves of the charge / discharge window, i.e., ensuring that the charge / discharge rate is always lower than the charge / discharge window.

[0057] Specifically, by using a three-electrode battery at different temperatures (30℃, 25℃, 15℃, 5℃, 0℃, -5℃, -10℃, -20℃), the charge and discharge rates are adjusted from low to high to explore the charge and discharge windows at different temperatures and charge and discharge rates, thereby obtaining the optimal charge and discharge conditions, avoiding lithium plating, and thus keeping the energy retention rate of the battery cell at a high level and increasing its service life.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, as the remaining battery capacity increases, the charging window gradually shrinks, and the charging window also shows certain differences for different main materials.

[0059] The steps for obtaining the optimal charge / discharge rate include: determining the range of charge / discharge rates below the charge / discharge window based on the remaining battery capacity; selecting the optimal charge / discharge rate within the range; and selecting the corresponding optimal charge / discharge rate as the remaining battery capacity changes, so that the chemical system has the highest reactivity during battery charging.

[0060] Since the DC internal resistance of the battery decreases in the early stage due to activation, and the solid electrolyte interface decomposes in the later stage, the impedance gradually increases, resulting in the continuous narrowing of the lithium precipitation window as the use time increases. When the window is lower than the actual use of the charge-discharge rate, lithium precipitation will occur at the negative electrode interface, the loss rate of active lithium will continuously increase, and the capacity and energy retention rate of the battery will rapidly decrease to reach the cutoff SOH. SOH refers to the state of health of the battery. It includes two parts: the change of ampere-hour capacity and power. Generally, when the ampere-hour capacity decays by 20% or the output power decays by 25%, the life of the battery is over.

[0061] Therefore, by exploring the high and low temperature and the charge-discharge law, the present embodiment can select a better charge-discharge system, so that the actual charge-discharge rate is always lower than the charge-discharge window. Different charge rates can be used at different remaining capacities of the battery, the charge rate is increased while lithium precipitation is avoided, and the maximum charge rate is always lower than the rate corresponding to 100% SOC, so that the capacity and energy retention rate of the battery cell remain at a high level, thereby increasing the service life of the battery cell and reducing the use cost.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] Please refer to Figure 4 The present embodiment provides a detection device for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, comprising a charging module, an acquisition module and an analysis module.

[0064] The charging module is adapted to charge the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates. Specifically, the charging module is used to perform step S110: charging the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates.

[0065] Specifically, step S110 includes the following steps:

[0066] S111: Adjust the charge-discharge rate from high to low under constant temperature conditions for various chemical systems, and test the energy efficiency.

[0067] Several chemical systems are subjected to multi-rate charge-discharge. Based on the barfoot formula, under strong polarization, it conforms to the Tafel formula η=a+blgic, showing a logarithmic relationship, and under weak polarization, it conforms to η=RT / iF×ic, showing a linear relationship. The relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency is explored, which can determine the reaction activity of different chemical systems, but the energy efficiency extreme value is about 98%, and the energy efficiency gradually decreases with the increase of the charge-discharge rate.

[0068] S112: Adjust the charge-discharge rate from low to high for the three-electrode battery at different temperatures, and obtain the charge-discharge window.

[0069] The acquisition module is adapted to obtain energy efficiency and charge / discharge window. In this embodiment, the acquisition module is adapted to perform step S120: obtain energy efficiency and charge / discharge window.

[0070] Specifically, the energy efficiency, the corresponding charge / discharge rate, and the chemical system are input into the plotting tool. The charge / discharge rate, temperature conditions, and remaining battery capacity corresponding to the charge / discharge window are also input into the plotting tool. This tool can be, but is not limited to, a PC or a mobile device.

[0071] The analysis module is suitable for determining the reactivity of a chemical system based on the relationship between charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency, and temperature and charge / discharge window, to obtain the optimal charge / discharge rate. Specifically, the analysis module is suitable for executing step S130: determining the reactivity of a chemical system based on the relationship between charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency, and temperature and charge / discharge window, to obtain the optimal charge / discharge rate.

[0072] The steps for obtaining the relationship between charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency include: plotting the charge / discharge rate and energy efficiency; obtaining energy efficiency variation curves for different chemical systems; and judging the reaction activity based on the absolute value of the slope. A larger absolute value of the slope indicates a greater impact of current density on energy efficiency and a poorer reaction activity.

[0073] Specifically, using chemical systems of 2Ah, 50Ah, 100Ah, 150Ah, 280Ah, and 300Ah (such as...) Figure 2 As shown in the figure, under constant temperature of 25℃ in a high and low temperature chamber, the charge and discharge rates were adjusted from high to low to test the energy efficiency. Then, the charge and discharge rates and energy efficiency were plotted. The level of reactivity was judged by the absolute value of the slope. The larger the absolute value of the slope, the greater the influence of the current density on the energy efficiency and the worse the reactivity. As the charge and discharge rate increases, the energy efficiency gradually decreases. The energy efficiency extreme values ​​of several different chemical systems are all around 98%.

[0074] The steps for obtaining the relationship between temperature and charge / discharge window include: plotting the remaining battery capacity and charge / discharge window; obtaining the change curves of the charge / discharge window at different temperatures; and determining the charge / discharge rate at different temperatures based on the change curves of the charge / discharge window, i.e., ensuring that the charge / discharge rate is always lower than the charge / discharge window.

[0075] Specifically, by using a three-electrode battery at different temperatures (30℃, 25℃, 15℃, 5℃, 0℃, -5℃, -10℃, -20℃), the charge and discharge rates are adjusted from low to high to explore the charge and discharge windows at different temperatures and charge and discharge rates, thereby obtaining the optimal charge and discharge conditions, avoiding lithium plating, and thus keeping the energy retention rate of the battery cell at a high level and increasing its service life.

[0076] As Figure 3 shown, as the battery remaining capacity increases, the charging window gradually narrows, and the charging window of different main materials also appears certain differences.

[0077] The step of obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate includes: obtaining a range of charge-discharge rates lower than the charge-discharge window according to the battery remaining capacity; selecting the optimal charge-discharge rate in the range of charge-discharge rates; and selecting the corresponding optimal charge-discharge rate following the change of the battery remaining capacity, so that the chemical system reaction activity is the highest when the battery is charging.

[0078] Since the DC internal resistance of the battery decreases in the early stage due to activation, and the solid electrolyte interface decomposes in the later stage, the impedance gradually increases, resulting in the continuous narrowing of the lithium precipitation window as the use time increases. When the window is lower than the actual use charge-discharge rate, lithium precipitation will occur at the negative electrode interface, and the loss rate of active lithium will continuously increase, and the capacity and energy retention rate of the battery will rapidly decrease to reach the cutoff SOH. SOH refers to the state of health of the battery. It includes two parts: the change of ampere-hour capacity and power. Generally, when the ampere-hour capacity decays by 20% or the output power decays by 25%, the life of the battery is over.

[0079] Therefore, through the exploration of high and low temperature and charge-discharge rules, the embodiment can select a better charge-discharge system, so that the actual charge-discharge rate is always lower than the charge-discharge window, different charging rates can be used at different battery remaining capacities, the charging rate is improved while avoiding lithium precipitation, and the maximum charging rate can also be kept lower than the rate corresponding to 100% SOC, so that the capacity and energy retention rate of the battery cell remain at a high level, thereby increasing the service life of the battery cell and reducing the use cost.

[0080] Embodiment 3

[0081] The embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium, at least one instruction is stored in the computer readable storage medium, and the instruction is executed by a processor to realize the method for characterizing the chemical system reaction activity provided in the embodiment 1.

[0082] The method for characterizing the reaction activity of the chemical system includes: charging the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates; obtaining energy efficiency and charge-discharge window; judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate. Through experimental exploration of the energy efficiency variation law of batteries with different capacities at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates, the reaction activity of the chemical system is judged according to the relationship between the rate and the energy efficiency. With the increase of current density, the rate increases, and the energy efficiency gradually decreases. Through the exploration of the charge-discharge law, the battery is in the best temperature in the subsequent actual use condition, the charge-discharge rate is lower than the charge window, the lithium precipitation is reduced, the battery is in a good running state, the working efficiency is improved, and the service life is increased.

[0083] Embodiment 4

[0084] Please refer to Figure 5 The embodiment provides an electronic device, including: a memory 502 and a processor 501; the memory 502 stores at least one program instruction; the processor 501 loads and executes the at least one program instruction to realize the multi-sensor fusion vehicle window identification method provided in embodiment 1.

[0085] The memory 502 and the processor 501 are connected in a bus mode, and the bus can include any number of interconnected buses and bridges, which connect one or more processors 501 and memories 502 and various other circuits together. The bus can also connect various other circuits such as peripheral devices, voltage regulators and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, they will not be further described herein. The bus interface provides an interface between the bus and the transceiver. The transceiver can be one element or multiple elements, such as multiple receivers and transmitters, which provide units for communicating with various other devices on the transmission medium. The data processed by the processor 501 is transmitted on the wireless medium through the antenna, and further, the antenna also receives data and transmits the data to the processor 501.

[0086] The processor 501 is responsible for managing the bus and general processing, and can also provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interface, voltage regulation, power management and other control functions. And the memory 502 can be used to store the data used by the processor 501 in the execution of the operation.

[0087] In summary, the application provides a method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system, a detection device and a readable storage medium. The method for characterizing the reaction activity of a chemical system comprises charging a plurality of batteries of chemical systems at different temperatures and different charge-discharge rates; obtaining energy efficiency and charge-discharge window; judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate. Through experimental exploration of the energy efficiency variation law of batteries with different capacities under different temperature conditions and different charge-discharge rates, the reaction activity of the chemical system is judged by the relationship between the rate and the energy efficiency. With the increase of current density, the rate increases, and the energy efficiency gradually decreases. Through the exploration of the charge-discharge law, the battery is in the best temperature in the subsequent actual use condition, the charge-discharge rate is lower than the charging window, the lithium precipitation is reduced, the battery is in a good operating state, the work efficiency is improved, and the service life is increased.

[0088] Each device (a part without specific structure) selected in the application is a general standard part or a part known to those skilled in the art, and its structure and principle can be known by technical personnel through a technical manual or through a conventional experimental method. Moreover, the software program involved in the application is prior art, and the application does not involve any improvement on the software program.

[0089] In the description of the embodiments of the application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral connection; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be direct connection, or indirect connection through intermediate medium, or internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0090] In the description of the application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore it cannot be understood as a limitation on the application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0091] In several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented in other manners. The embodiments described above are merely exemplary, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there can be another division manner in actual implementation; for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, or the among different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0092] The units described as separated components can or can not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purposes of the embodiments of the present application.

[0093] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated in a processing unit, or each unit can exist physically as a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0094] With the above-described ideal embodiments of the present application as the inspiration, through the above-described description, relevant personnel can certainly make various changes and modifications without deviating from the scope of the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the content in the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of characterizing the reactivity of a chemical system, characterized in that, The method comprises: charging the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and at different charge-discharge rates; obtaining energy efficiency and charge-discharge window; judging the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of charging the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and at different charge-discharge rates comprises: adjusting the charge-discharge rate from high to low under constant temperature conditions to test the energy efficiency of the batteries of various chemical systems; and adjusting the charge-discharge rate from low to high at different temperatures to obtain the charge-discharge window of the batteries of various chemical systems.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency comprises: plotting the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency; obtaining the energy efficiency variation curve of different chemical systems; and judging the reaction activity according to the absolute value of the slope.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of judging the reaction activity according to the absolute value of the slope comprises: the greater the absolute value of the slope, the greater the influence of the current density on the energy efficiency, and the worse the reaction activity.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the relationship between the temperature and the charge-discharge window comprises: plotting the remaining capacity of the battery and the charge-discharge window; obtaining the variation curve of the charge-discharge window at different temperatures; and determining the charge-discharge rate at different temperatures according to the variation curve of the charge-discharge window.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of determining the charge-discharge rate at different temperatures according to the variation curve of the charge-discharge window comprises: keeping the charge-discharge rate lower than the charge-discharge window.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of obtaining the optimal charge-discharge rate comprises: obtaining the range of the charge-discharge rate lower than the charge-discharge window according to the remaining capacity of the battery; selecting the optimal charge-discharge rate within the range of the charge-discharge rate; and selecting the corresponding optimal charge-discharge rate following the change of the remaining capacity of the battery, so that the chemical system has the highest reaction activity when the battery is charging. The method comprises: a charging module adapted to charge the batteries of various chemical systems at different temperatures and at different charge-discharge rates; an obtaining module adapted to obtain energy efficiency and charge-discharge window; an analysis module adapted to judge the reaction activity of the chemical system according to the relationship between the charge-discharge rate and the energy efficiency, the temperature and the charge-discharge window, and obtain the optimal charge-discharge rate. The instructions are executed by the processor to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7. The device comprises a memory and a processor; the memory stores at least one instruction; and the processor loads and executes the at least one instruction to implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8. A detection device for characterizing the reactivity of a chemical system, characterized in that, ​ ​ ​ ​ 9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored therein at least one instruction, wherein ​ 10. An electronic device, comprising: ​

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