An array antenna and base station

Abstract

This application provides an array antenna and a base station. The array antenna includes multiple radiating elements arranged in an array. Each column of radiating elements includes a first group of radiating elements and a second group of radiating elements. The distance between the first group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the distance between the second group of radiating elements and the ground. The angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the first group and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second group and the ground. By employing this structure, by setting the centerlines of some radiating elements at an angle to the ground, the pointing direction of the sidelobes formed by each column of radiating elements is changed, reducing the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground, thereby improving interference between the array antenna and the satellite.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an array antenna and a base station. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, satellites and base stations utilize wireless spectrum through frequency differentiation and reuse. However, with the increase in base station transmission bandwidth and the development of satellite services towards broadband internet, the current spectrum is no longer sufficient to meet the demand, requiring greater bandwidth. Previously, industry evolution involved satellites relinquishing more spectrum to base stations. But now, satellites also lack sufficient spectrum to fully release; therefore, industry evolution is trending towards satellites and base stations sharing and utilizing the same spectrum.

[0003] Because satellite reception spectrum and ground base stations use the same frequency, this is known as spectrum sharing. Figure 1 As shown, the signal from ground base station 1 leaks into the air, interfering with satellite 2. For a single base station 1, due to its relatively low power and sufficient distance from satellite 2, the interference is relatively small. However, since there are millions of base stations 1 within the coverage area of ​​satellite 2, the cumulative interference energy from these millions of base stations 1 will constitute a strong interference to satellite 2, affecting satellite communication. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an array antenna and a base station to reduce the impact on satellite communications.

[0005] In a first aspect, an array antenna is provided for realizing wireless communication, wherein the array antenna is fixed relative to the ground during setup. The structure of the array antenna is described below with the ground as a reference plane. The array antenna includes multiple radiating elements arranged in an array, wherein each column of radiating elements includes a first group of radiating elements and a second group of radiating elements. The distance between the first group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the distance between the second group of radiating elements and the ground; wherein the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the first group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second group of radiating elements and the ground. By employing the above structure, by setting the centerlines of some radiating elements at an angle to the ground of the array antenna, the pointing direction of the sidelobes formed by each column of radiating elements is changed, reducing the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground, thereby improving interference between the array antenna and satellites.

[0006] In one specific implementation, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the first radiating element group and the ground gradually increases along the direction away from the ground. By gradually tilting the centerline of the radiating element relative to the ground of the base station, the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0007] In one specific implementation, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second radiating element group and the ground gradually increases along the direction away from the ground. This gradual tilting of the radiating element centerline relative to the ground reduces the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upwards relative to the ground, thereby improving interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0008] In one specific implementation, the radiating dipoles in the first and second radiating dipole groups are arranged in a curved pattern. By gradually changing the centerline of the radiating dipoles relative to the ground, the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced, thereby improving interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0009] In one specific implementation, the radiating dipoles in the first and second radiating dipole groups are arranged parabolically. By gradually changing the centerline of the radiating dipoles relative to the ground, the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced, thereby improving interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0010] In one specific implementation, each column of radiating elements further includes a third group of radiating elements and a fourth group of radiating elements; wherein the fourth group of radiating elements, the third group of radiating elements, the second group of radiating elements, and the first group of radiating elements are arranged in a direction away from the ground; the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the fourth group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the third group of radiating elements and the ground. By gradually changing the centerline of the radiating elements relative to the ground, the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground is reduced, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0011] In one specific implementation, along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the third and fourth radiating elements and the ground gradually decreases. This gradual change in the centerline of the radiating elements relative to the ground reduces the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upwards relative to the ground, thereby improving interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0012] In one specific implementation scheme, the radiating dipoles in the fourth, third, second, and first radiating dipole groups are arranged in an S-shape. By gradually changing the centerline of the radiating dipoles relative to the ground, the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upwards relative to the ground is reduced, thereby improving interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0013] In one specific implementation, along the direction away from the ground, the centerline of each radiating element in the first radiating element group makes the same angle with the ground.

[0014] In one specific implementation, along the direction away from the ground, the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group makes the same angle with the ground; and the plurality of radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group and the plurality of radiating oscillators in the second radiating oscillator group are arranged in a zigzag pattern.

[0015] In one specific implementation, the plurality of radiating oscillators are used to transmit satellite frequency band signals.

[0016] In one specific implementation, the transmission frequency band of the plurality of radiating oscillators is between 3 and 40 GHz.

[0017] In one specific implementation, the array antenna further includes a carrier having a mounting surface for supporting a plurality of radiating elements arranged in the array; wherein the mounting surface is a curved or folded surface that matches the arrangement of each column of radiating elements. The arrangement of the radiating elements is achieved through the carrier.

[0018] In one specific implementation, the array antenna is a PEP plastic monolithic antenna structure or a patch antenna with a flexible PCB design.

[0019] Secondly, a base station is provided, comprising the array antenna described in any of the above claims and a shaping module. The shaping module is connected to each radiating element in each column of radiating elements, and the shaping module satisfies the following condition: the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first column of radiating elements is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second column of radiating elements. By setting the centerline of some radiating elements at an angle to the ground and adjusting the initial phase of the corresponding signal according to the position of the radiating elements using the shaping module, the pointing direction of the sidelobes formed by each column of radiating elements is changed, reducing the energy of the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward relative to the ground, thereby improving the interference between the base station and the satellite.

[0020] In one specific implementation, the shaping module includes a digital shaping module for adjusting the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating elements, wherein the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first radiating element group is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group. The initial phase of each radiating element is adjusted through digital shaping.

[0021] In one specific implementation, the digital shaping module includes a digital phase shifter for determining the initial phase of each radiating oscillator; and a digital multiplier for determining the amplitude of each radiating oscillator. The initial phase of each radiating oscillator is adjusted by digital shaping.

[0022] In one specific implementation, the shaping module includes an analog shaping module for adjusting the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating elements, wherein the initial phase of each radiating element in the first group of radiating elements is greater than the initial phase of each radiating element in the second group of radiating elements. The initial phase of each radiating element is adjusted through analog shaping.

[0023] In one specific implementation, the shaping module includes a phase shifter for determining the initial phase of the signal for each radiating element, and a power divider for determining the amplitude of the signal for each radiating element. The initial phase of each radiating element is adjusted by analog shaping. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating a scenario of base station and satellite interference in the prior art is shown;

[0025] Figure 2 This document shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the array antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0027] Figure 4 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a series of radiating oscillators provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 5 A beam diagram of the array antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0029] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna in the prior art is shown;

[0030] Figure 7 A beam diagram of an array antenna in the prior art is shown;

[0031] Figure 8 A beam diagram of the array antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0032] Figure 9 This paper shows a schematic diagram of another array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 10 It shows Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of a column of radiating elements in the array antenna;

[0034] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a row of radiating elements of another array antenna provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The following explains the terms that are used or may be used in this application:

[0036] 1. At least one means one or more, including one, two, three or more;

[0037] 2. Multiple refers to two or more, including two, three, four or more;

[0038] 3. Connection refers to coupling, including direct connection or indirect connection via other devices to achieve electrical connection.

[0039] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, the application scenarios of the array antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be introduced. Then, the specific structure of the array antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention will be described.

[0040] The array antenna provided in this application embodiment is applicable to mobile communication systems, including but not limited to: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system, future 5th Generation (5G) system, or New Radio (NR), etc.

[0041] For example, the array antenna provided in this application embodiment can be applied to a wireless network system. The array antenna can be applied to a Base Station Subsystem (BSS), a Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN, UMTS, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), or an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to achieve cell coverage of wireless signals and realize the connection between the mobile terminal and the radio frequency terminal of the wireless network.

[0042] The array antenna involved in this embodiment can be located in a wireless access network device to realize signal transmission and reception. Specifically, the wireless access network device may include, but is not limited to, a base station. The base station may be a base station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a wireless controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station may be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a base station in a future 5G network or a base station in a future evolved PLMN network, etc. For example, a new wireless base station; this embodiment of the application is not limited to this. The base station can provide wireless cell signal coverage and serve terminal devices in one or more cells.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, a possible structure of a base station may include an array antenna 30, a transceiver unit (TRX) 20, and a baseband processing unit 10. The TRX is connected to the antenna port of the array antenna 30, so that the antenna port can be used to receive the signal to be transmitted from the TRX 20 to the radiating element of the array antenna 30, or to transmit the received signal received by the radiating element to the TRX 20.

[0044] In practice, TRX 20 can be a radio remote unit (RRU) and baseband processing unit 10 can be a baseband unit (BBU).

[0045] The baseband unit can be used to process the baseband optical signal to be transmitted and transmit it to the RRU, or to receive the received baseband signal sent by the RRU (i.e., the baseband signal obtained by the RRU after the received radio frequency signal received by the array antenna 30 during the signal reception process is converted and processed by the RRU) and process it. The RRU can convert the baseband signal to be transmitted sent by the BBU into the radio frequency signal to be transmitted. The above conversion includes performing necessary signal processing on the baseband signal, such as converting the digital signal into an electrical signal through a DAC (Digital to analog converter), and amplifying the signal through a PA (Power Amplifier). After that, the RRU can send the radio frequency signal to be transmitted to the array antenna 30 through the antenna port, so that the radio frequency signal is radiated through the array antenna 30. Alternatively, the RRU can receive the received radio frequency signal sent by the array antenna 30, convert it into a received baseband signal and send it to the BBU.

[0046] The array antenna provided in this application embodiment may include a radiating element and a feeding network. The radiating element is used to receive and / or radiate radio waves. One end of the feeding network is connected to the radiating element, and the other end is connected to the RRU to feed the radiating element, so that the radiating element radiates multiple beams, wherein different beams can cover different ranges.

[0047] refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment is shown. The array antenna 30 includes a carrier 32 and a plurality of radiating elements. The carrier 32 has a mounting surface 321 for supporting the plurality of radiating elements 31 arranged in an array on the mounting surface 321 of the carrier 32. Exemplarily, the array antenna 30 can be a one-piece molded PEP plastic antenna structure or a patch antenna with a flexible PCB design. The carrier 32 is made of PEP material or a flexible PCB. The array antenna 30 is mainly used in the frequency range of 3 to 40 GHz. Exemplarily, the frequency band of the array antenna 30 can be C band (4 to 6 GHz) and Ku band (12 to 18 GHz).

[0048] To facilitate understanding of the arrangement of the radiating oscillators provided in this embodiment, an XYZ coordinate system is established as a reference coordinate system. Here, OX, OY, and OZ are mutually perpendicular, and OX, OY, and OZ are parallel to the three sides of the carrier 32 supporting the radiating oscillator 31. The YZ plane represents the ground surface, which serves as the reference plane.

[0049] The radiating oscillators provided in this embodiment are projected onto the XY plane in an array arrangement. Multiple radiating oscillators 31 are arranged along the OX direction to form a column of radiating oscillators 310, and multiple radiating oscillators 31 are arranged along the OY direction to form a row of radiating oscillators. For example... Figure 3 The dashed box shown represents a single column of radiating oscillators. Furthermore, the mounting surface 321 provided in this embodiment is curved, thus each column of radiating oscillators 310 is arranged in a curved manner on the XZ plane. As can be seen from the above description, the radiating oscillators provided in this embodiment can be considered as an array arrangement, and due to the undulations of the mounting surface 321 in the Z direction, the arrayed radiating oscillators are arranged in a curved manner in the OZ direction.

[0050] In this embodiment, the undulation pattern of each column of radiating elements 310 along the OZ direction is the same. Therefore, the arrangement of the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment is described using one column of radiating elements 310 as an example. In this embodiment, each column of radiating elements 310 is arranged in an S-shape in the XZ plane. To facilitate the description of the arrangement of each column of radiating elements 310, each column of radiating elements 310 is divided into multiple groups of radiating elements, each group containing multiple radiating elements arranged along the X direction. For example, each group of radiating elements includes a first group of radiating elements 311, a second group of radiating elements 312, a third group of radiating elements 313, and a fourth group of radiating elements 314. The first group of radiating elements 311, the second group of radiating elements 312, the third group of radiating elements 313, and the fourth group of radiating elements 314 are arranged in a direction away from the ground (X direction), with the first group of radiating elements 311 located at the farthest end and the fourth group of radiating elements 314 located at the closest end. Furthermore, the distance between the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the ground is greater than the distance between the second radiating oscillator group 312 and the ground; the distance between the third radiating oscillator group 313 and the ground is greater than the distance between the fourth radiating oscillator group 314 and the ground.

[0051] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The arrangement of a series of radiating oscillators is shown. A coordinate system is established with the boundary point between the second radiating oscillator group 312 and the third radiating oscillator group 313, with the horizontal direction as the X direction, which can be equivalent to... Figure 3 The X direction is shown in the diagram. The vertical direction is the reference ground direction, which can be equivalent to... Figure 3 The Z-direction. The first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 are arranged in a curved pattern, specifically a parabolic arrangement. For example... Figure 4 Each dot in the diagram represents a radiating oscillator, and the straight line with an arrow on each dot is the main radiation direction of the radiating oscillator, which is also the centerline of the radiating oscillator. The centerline of each radiating oscillator refers to the tangent line that passes through the center of the radiating oscillator and is perpendicular to the assembly surface 321 on which the radiating oscillator is located.

[0052] refer to Figure 4 As shown by the arrowed lines, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 and the ground gradually increases along the direction away from the ground. Similarly, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312 and the ground gradually increases along the same direction away from the ground. Furthermore, according to the group division, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312 and the ground. This results in the main radiation direction of the radiating elements gradually changing from parallel to the ground towards a direction pointing towards the ground along the direction away from the ground. The multiple radiating elements in the first radiating element group 311 and the second radiating element group 312 form a parabola. The focus of the formed parabola is f1. The radiating elements in the first radiating element group 311 and the second radiating element group 312 satisfy: Z(n) = 4*f1*x(n)^2; (n = 1 to M / 2). Where M is the number of radiating oscillators in each column, and n is a positive integer. Z(n) represents the number of radiating oscillators in each column. Figure 4 The coordinates of the radiating oscillator in the reference direction within the coordinate system shown. X(n) represents the coordinates of the radiating oscillator in the reference direction. Figure 4 The X-direction coordinate in the coordinate system shown.

[0053] Similarly, along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the fourth radiating oscillator group 314 and the ground gradually increases. Also, along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the third radiating oscillator group 313 and the ground gradually increases. Furthermore, according to the group division, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the fourth radiating oscillator group 314 and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the third radiating oscillator group 313 and the ground. Thus, along the direction away from the ground, the main radiation direction of the radiating oscillators gradually changes from a direction obliquely downward relative to the ground to a direction parallel to the ground. The multiple radiating oscillators in the fourth radiating oscillator group 314 and the third radiating oscillator group 313 form a parabola. The focus of the formed parabola is f2. The radiating oscillators in the third radiating oscillator group 313 and the fourth radiating oscillator group 314 satisfy: Z(n)=4*f2*x(n)^2; (n=M / 2+1~M).

[0054] refer to Figure 4 In the structure shown, the concave direction of the parabola formed by the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 is opposite to the concave direction of the parabola formed by the third radiating oscillator group 313 and the fourth radiating oscillator group 314, and f2 = f1. However, it should be understood that in the above embodiment, the division is based on M / 2 as the intermediate point, but in the embodiments of this application, the division position is not specifically limited and can be changed according to the design, as long as it is ensured that each column of radiating oscillators forms an S-shaped arrangement.

[0055] When transmitting a signal, the RRU adjusts the phase of the corresponding signal of each column of radiating elements to construct different suppression weighting effects. The RRU includes a shaping module, which is connected to each radiating element in each column. When adjusting the phase of each column of radiating elements, the shaping module satisfies the following condition: the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312. The arrangement of the first radiating element group 311, the second radiating element group 312, the third radiating element group 313, and the fourth radiating element group 314 is as follows: Figure 4 Taking the coordinate system shown as an example, the phase adjustment applied to the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 satisfies: θ(n) = 4*f1*x(n)^2 / λ*π. θ(n) is the initial phase applied to each radiating oscillator. The phase adjustment applied to the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 satisfies: θ(n) = 4*f2*x(n)^2 / λ*π.

[0056] When shaping each radiating element, digital shaping, analog shaping, or a combination of both can be used. These are explained in detail below. As an optional approach, the shaping module includes a digital shaping module. This module adjusts the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating elements, where the initial phase of the signal for each radiating element in the first radiating element group 311 is greater than the initial phase of the signal for each radiating element in the second radiating element group 312. More specifically, the digital shaping module may include a digital phase shifter for determining the initial phase of each radiating element, thereby adjusting the initial phase of the digital signal applied to each radiating element. Additionally, the digital shaping module may also include a digital multiplier for determining the amplitude of each radiating element. The amplitude of the digital signal applied to each radiating element can be adjusted using the digital multiplier, thus adjusting the shape of the sidelobes of the formed beam.

[0057] As an optional solution, the shaping module includes an analog shaping module to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to the radiating dipoles. In use, the analog shaping module is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating dipoles, with the initial phase of each radiating dipole in the first radiating dipole group 311 being greater than the initial phase of each radiating dipole in the second radiating dipole group 312. Specifically, the shaping module includes a phase shifter for determining the initial phase of the signal for each radiating dipole, such as a microstrip line, a straight wire, or other structure capable of phase shifting. The analog shaping module may also include a power divider for determining the amplitude of the signal for each radiating dipole. The power divider allows adjustment of the amplitude of the signal applied to each radiating dipole, thereby adjusting the shape of the sidelobes of the formed beam.

[0058] The antenna array provided in this application primarily focuses on the C band (4–6 GHz) and Ku band (12–18 GHz). Within this spectrum, considering the coexistence of base stations and satellites, the satellites considered are mainly geostationary orbit satellites, while other low-Earth orbit satellites can also reduce interference at certain orbital angles. Because a characteristic of satellite-base station coexistence interference is that satellites are always directly above the base station, only signals transmitted in this direction (diagonally upward) can potentially reach the satellite. Therefore, methods must be found to minimize signals in these directions. (Reference) Figure 5 , Figure 5 The radiation characteristics of the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment are shown. Figure 5 It can be seen that the beam is pointing towards the ground. Furthermore, the upward-facing sidelobes are significantly compressed, while the ground-facing sidelobes are amplified. By reducing the upward-facing sidelobes, interference with satellites is greatly reduced.

[0059] The array antenna 30 provided in the embodiments of this application will be compared with the array antenna 30 in the prior art to further illustrate the effect of the array antenna 30 provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of an array antenna 30 in the prior art is shown. Figure 6 It can be seen that in the prior art, the radiating element 3 of the array antenna is set on a plane, and the radiating element 3 is arranged in a two-dimensional planar manner. The beam formed by the radiating element 3 in the prior art is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, the sidelobes are arranged symmetrically along the horizontal direction. The sidelobes pointing upwards have higher intensity and are more likely to interfere with satellite signals. (Reference) Figure 8 , Figure 8 The beam formed by the array antenna 30 provided in the embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 8 As can be seen, the beam formed by the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment does not require changing the amplitude of the signal applied to the radiating element. The beam pointing can be adjusted simply by improving the arrangement of the radiating elements and the initial phase of the applied signal, thus eliminating the need to reduce the signal amplitude to improve beam pointing. (Reference) Figure 8 The beam shown has significantly weakened the upward-pointing sidelobes, while strengthening the ground-pointing sidelobes. This reduces interference with satellite signals and directs more signal energy to the ground-pointing sidelobes, improving communication performance.

[0060] The arrangement of the radiating elements of the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment can also be based on... Figure 3The antenna shown is a modified form. Each row of radiating elements includes a first radiating element group 311, a second radiating element group 312, a fifth radiating element group, a third radiating element group 313, and a fourth radiating element group 314. The fifth radiating element group is located between the second radiating element group 312 and the third radiating element group 313. The centerline of the radiating elements in the fifth radiating element group is parallel to the ground. That is, a transitional radiating element group is added between the second radiating element group 312 and the third radiating element group 313. With this structure, the sidelobes pointing obliquely upwards are significantly weakened, while the sidelobes pointing towards the ground are strengthened. This reduces interference with satellite signals and increases the signal energy more towards the sidelobes pointing towards the ground, improving communication performance.

[0061] refer to Figure 9 , Figure 9 This illustrates another arrangement of the array antenna 30 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 The radiating oscillators shown are arranged in a curved pattern, specifically in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312. More specifically, the radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 are arranged in a parabolic pattern. Along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the ground gradually increases. Similarly, along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group 312 and the ground gradually increases. Furthermore, according to the group division, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the ground is greater than the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group 312 and the ground. This results in a gradual change in the main radiation direction of the radiating oscillators from parallel to the ground towards the ground along the direction away from the ground. The multiple radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 form a parabola. Figure 10 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the coordinates of the radiating oscillator along the direction away from the ground, and the vertical axis represents the coordinates along the direction of the ground. The focus of the parabola formed by each column of radiating oscillators is f. The radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 satisfy: Z(n) = 4*f*x(n)^2; (n = 1 to M). Where M is the number of radiating oscillators in each column, and n is a positive integer. Z(n) represents the radiating oscillator's position in the parabola. Figure 4 The coordinates in the reference direction in the coordinate system shown.

[0062] When the above structure is adopted, the sidelobes pointing obliquely upward are significantly weakened, while the sidelobes pointing towards the ground are strengthened. This reduces interference with satellite signals and increases the signal energy more towards the sidelobes pointing towards the ground, thus improving communication performance.

[0063] refer to Figure 11, Figure 11 This application illustrates another arrangement of radiating oscillators provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 11 Only one row of radiating oscillators is shown in the example. The first radiating oscillator group 311 and the second radiating oscillator group 312 are arranged in a zigzag pattern. Along the direction away from the ground, the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the first radiating oscillator group 311 makes the same angle with the ground. Similarly, the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group 312 makes the same angle with the ground; and the multiple radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group 311 and the multiple radiating oscillators in the second radiating oscillator group 312 are arranged in a zigzag pattern, with the corresponding mounting surface 321 also being a zigzag surface.

[0064] exist Figure 11 The second radiating element group 312 is arranged perpendicular to the ground, while the first radiating element group 311 is arranged in a straight line and tilted relative to the ground. However, the array antenna 30 provided in this embodiment can also be based on... Figure 11 The arrangement shown is a modified structure.

[0065] For example, the first radiating transducer group 311 is arranged at an angle relative to the ground, and the second radiating transducer group 312 can also be arranged at an angle relative to the ground. The tilt direction of the first radiating transducer group 311 is the same as the tilt direction of the first radiating transducer group 311, but the tilt angle is smaller than the tilt angle of the first radiating transducer group 311.

[0066] For example, the center line of the radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group 311 is arranged in a way that gradually changes the angle between the center line and the ground. At this time, the radiating oscillators of the second radiating oscillator group 312 are arranged perpendicular to the ground, and the first radiating oscillator group 311 is arranged in an arc shape with its concave direction facing the ground.

[0067] For example, the angle between the centerline of the radiating element of the second radiating element group 312 and the ground can be set in a gradually changing manner. The angle between the centerline of the radiating element of the first radiating element group 311 and the ground is the same.

[0068] In Adoption Figure 11 The structure shown and its corresponding variants also achieve a significant reduction in the upward-pointing sidelobes and a strengthening of the ground-pointing sidelobes. This reduces interference with satellite signals and directs more signal energy to the ground-pointing sidelobes, improving communication performance.

[0069] Figure 11The example illustrates a scenario where a column of radiating dipoles contains only a first and a second group of radiating dipoles. When each column of radiating dipoles contains a first, second, third, and fourth group, the fourth radiating dipole can be configured similarly to the first group, but with its bending direction opposite to that of the first group. The structures of the third and second groups are similar. Further details are omitted here. Using this structure, the upward-pointing sidelobes are significantly weakened, while the ground-pointing sidelobes are strengthened. This reduces interference with satellite signals and directs more signal energy to the ground-pointing sidelobes, improving communication performance.

[0070] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An array antenna, characterized in that, include: Multiple radiating elements are arranged in an array. Each column of radiating elements includes a first group of radiating elements, a second group of radiating elements, a third group of radiating elements, and a fourth group of radiating elements. The fourth group of radiating elements, the third group of radiating elements, the second group of radiating elements, and the first group of radiating elements are arranged in a direction away from the ground. The angle between the center line of each radiating element in the first group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the angle between the center line of each radiating element in the second group of radiating elements and the ground. The angle between the center line of each radiating element in the fourth group of radiating elements and the ground is greater than the angle between the center line of each radiating element in the third group of radiating elements and the ground. The radiating oscillators in the fourth radiating oscillator group, the third radiating oscillator group, the second radiating oscillator group, and the first radiating oscillator group are arranged in an S-shape.

2. The array antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the first radiating oscillator group and the ground gradually increases.

3. The array antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each radiating element in the second radiating element group and the ground gradually increases.

4. The array antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The radiating oscillators in the first and second radiating oscillator groups are arranged in a curved pattern.

5. The array antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The radiating oscillators in the first and second radiating oscillator groups are arranged in a parabolic pattern.

6. The array antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the ground, the angle between the centerline of each of the third and fourth radiating elements and the ground gradually decreases.

7. The array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the ground, the centerline of each radiating element in the first radiating element group makes the same angle with the ground.

8. The array antenna as described in claim 7, characterized in that, Along the direction away from the ground, the centerline of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group makes the same angle with the ground; and the multiple radiating oscillators in the first radiating oscillator group and the multiple radiating oscillators in the second radiating oscillator group are arranged in a zigzag pattern.

9. The array antenna as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The array antenna further includes a carrier having a mounting surface for supporting a plurality of radiating elements arranged in the array; wherein, The assembly surface is a curved or folded surface that matches the arrangement of each column of radiating oscillators.

10. The array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The plurality of radiating oscillators are used to transmit satellite frequency band signals.

11. A base station, characterized in that, The antenna includes an array antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 10 and a shaping module, wherein the shaping module is connected to each radiating element in each column of radiating elements, and the shaping module satisfies the following condition: the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the first radiating element group is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating element in the second radiating element group.

12. The base station as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The shaping module includes a digital shaping module, which is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating dipoles, wherein the initial phase of the signal of each radiating dipole in the first radiating dipole group is greater than the initial phase of the signal of each radiating dipole in the second radiating dipole group.

13. The base station as described in claim 12, characterized in that, The digital shaping module includes a digital phase shifter for determining the initial phase of each radiating oscillator and a digital multiplier for determining the amplitude of each radiating oscillator.

14. The base station as described in any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The shaping module includes an analog shaping module, which is used to adjust the initial phase of the signal applied to each column of radiating oscillators, wherein the initial phase of each radiating oscillator in the first radiating oscillator group is greater than the initial phase of each radiating oscillator in the second radiating oscillator group.

15. The base station as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The shaping module includes a phase shifter for determining the initial phase of the signal for each radiating element, and a power divider for determining the amplitude of the signal for each radiating element.

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