Method for reducing salt and improving quality and yield in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The application provides a method for reducing salt content, improving quality and increasing yield of saline-alkali soil, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and comprises the following steps: after the previous crop is harvested, straw is deeply turned into the field, then the plough layer is fermented through the processes of field drying and rotary tillage; before sowing, the sowing field is treated through the processes of field soaking and salt adjustment and leaching; fertilization and land preparation are performed on the sowing field, then crop cultivation seedlings are planted and field management is performed; after the crops are mature, the whole plants are dug, then the sowing field is sprayed with an amino acid mother liquor diluent and is raked and arranged; when the crop cultivation seedlings are cultivated in the seedling stage, salt tolerance induction treatment is performed by using a sodium salt solution. The method has remarkable effects of reducing salt content, improving quality and increasing yield, improves the soil structure and microbial environment of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the soil pH value and improves the soil fertility, reduces the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, improves the salt tolerance of crops, and promotes the growth, quality improvement, salt-alkali stress resistance and high yield and income increase of crops in the saline-alkali soil.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for reducing salt content, improving quality and increasing yield of saline-alkali soil. BACKGROUND

[0002] Soil salinization and secondary salinization problems exist widely in the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In the process of utilization, the saline-alkali soil can be simply divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil refers to a soil with a seedling emergence rate of 70-80% and a salt content of less than 3 parts per thousand. The heavy saline-alkali soil refers to a soil with a salt content of more than 6 parts per thousand and a seedling emergence rate of less than 50%. The moderate saline-alkali soil is between the light saline-alkali soil and the heavy saline-alkali soil. In terms of pH value, the light saline-alkali soil has a pH value of 7.1-8.5, the moderate saline-alkali soil has a pH value of 8.5-9.5, and the heavy saline-alkali soil has a pH value of more than 9.5. Research shows that when the salt content in the soil is 0.3-1.0%, the yield of crops will be reduced by about 95%.

[0003] When plants are planted in saline-alkali soil, the influence of salt stress on the root system of the plants is greater than that on the aboveground part of the plants. In a soil environment containing high-concentration salt ions, the passive absorption of the root system of the plants increases, too much salt enters the plant body, which is not conducive to the normal physiological and biochemical activities of the root system, affects the provision of amino acids, hormones and other substances to the aboveground part of the plants, and further affects the growth and development of the plants. Moreover, when the salt content in the soil is more than one thousandth, the growth of the plants is inhibited, for example, for the crops of the family Poaceae, the initial grain filling time is early, the grain filling rate is slow, the dry matter accumulation is reduced in the case of a short time to reach the grain filling peak, and the growth period is advanced or delayed, which easily causes the formation of empty and shriveled grains, and affects the yield and quality of the crops. In addition, the salt accumulation in the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil also causes the soil to be hardened, the plough layer of the saline-alkali soil to be shallow, the plough pan to be thick and move upward, the soil aggregate structure to be destroyed, the capillary pore to be small, and the precipitation to be difficult to infiltrate, so that the degree of soil water replenishment is shallow, which seriously restricts the harvest and yield increase. Although in the conventional case, the application of chemical fertilizer can improve the yield of the plants to a certain extent, most of the applied chemical fertilizer is fixed in the soil, in addition to the part absorbed by the crops in the season, and the physicochemical properties of the soil, such as aeration and water permeability, are deteriorated, which causes acid and salt deposition and soil hardening. Over a long period of time, the productivity of the land will decrease, so it is far from enough to improve the productivity of the saline-alkali land by using chemical fertilizer only, and the general chemical soil conditioner cannot play a role due to the problem of salt accumulation, so the saline-alkali land belongs to a typical low-yield and medium-yield field type.

[0004] At present, the measures for treating saline-alkali soil mainly include water improvement measures (irrigation, drainage, silt discharge, rice planting, seepage prevention, etc.), agricultural improvement measures (land leveling, improved tillage, application of foreign soil, fertilization, sowing, crop rotation, interplanting, etc.), biological improvement measures (planting salt-tolerant plants and forage, green manure, afforestation, etc.), and chemical improvement measures (application of improvement substances such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, etc.). Each measure has a certain applicable range and conditions, and cannot fundamentally solve the spread and development of soil salinization. However, the water improvement measures, agricultural improvement measures, chemical improvement measures and biological improvement measures all have the problems of single function and unstable effect, and the focus is on solving the soil problem. Whether the improved soil can be actually used for planting, whether it can be fully developed and utilized, and whether it can achieve the effect of reducing salt and improving quality and increasing yield in plant planting are not studied much, which does not fundamentally solve the problem of improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a saline-alkali soil desalination and quality improvement method with good desalination effect and improved plant salt-alkali stress resistance, to solve the problem of low plant yield and poor quality caused by poor soil structure and poor desalination effect in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a saline-alkali soil desalination and quality improvement method, which comprises: a tillage layer fermentation process of straw deep plowing and returning to the field after the previous crop is harvested, and then sunning and rotary tillage; a pre-sowing improvement process of bubble field treatment and salt leaching treatment on the sowing land before sowing; a fertilization and cultivation process of fertilizing and land preparation, then planting crop seedlings and carrying out field management; and a harvesting and repairing process of whole-plant digging after the crop is mature, then spraying amino acid mother liquor diluent on the sowing land and raking and arranging; during the cultivation of the crop seedlings in the seedling stage, salt-tolerant induction treatment is carried out by using a sodium salt solution; the salt-tolerant induction treatment step is: intermittently spraying a sodium salt solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% on the roots of the seedlings.

[0007] Through the above technical solution, the soil structure of the saline-alkali soil is improved by tillage layer fermentation and pre-sowing land preparation and fertilization, the soil organic matter and nutrient content are improved by the microbial agent and microbial fertilizer containing microorganisms, the soil microbial environment is improved, the crop seedlings are subjected to salt-tolerant induction, the seedlings form stable salt tolerance and salt resistance, and the crop salt-alkali resistance is enhanced by cooperating with immune protein and stress resistance foliar fertilizer during crop growth. The saline-alkali soil is desalted and improved and the quality is improved and the yield is increased from multiple aspects, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and soil improvement and nutrient substances are provided for subsequent planting after the previous crop is harvested, which is suitable for implementation in various saline-alkali soils.

[0008] Further, in the salt tolerance induction treatment step, the spraying interval time of the sodium salt solution is 3-5 days, the spraying amount is 1-2 mL / plant, and the salt tolerance induction period is 30 days; the sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate. In the seedling growth stage, the sodium salt solution is used for salt tolerance strengthening of the seedlings, so that the crop can form stable salt tolerance and salt resistance in the seedling stage, the obtained cultivation seedlings can quickly adapt to the soil environment of the saline-alkali land, and the impact and toxicity of high-concentration salt on the cultivation seedlings can be reduced, thereby improving the salt tolerance of the crop and being beneficial to the quality improvement and yield increase of the crop.

[0009] Further, the plough layer fermentation process is as follows: after the harvest of the previous crop, the crop straw is collected and crushed into 5-10 cm straw residues, which are then mixed with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained field returning material is deeply ploughed and returned to the field, and after 10-15 days of field drying, rotary tillage is performed. The straw residues and livestock and poultry manure are returned to the field, and the straw and livestock and poultry manure can be fermented in the plough layer under the soil, thereby forming a humus layer in the soil, effectively breaking the soil structure, inhibiting the accumulation of soil salt in the plough layer, and also providing rich carbon, minerals and microorganisms, etc., to make up for the soil fertility consumed by the previous crop and restore the soil fertility and health, thereby providing suitable soil environmental conditions for the high-quality and high-yield of crops. Field drying is beneficial to the activation of the soil and the improvement of the nutrients, and rotary tillage can achieve better soil activation and salt penetration effect, which are all conducive to yield increase.

[0010] Further, the amount of straw returned to the field is 300-500 kg / mu; the application amount of livestock and poultry manure is 100-200 kg / mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the amount of amino acid mother liquor is 500-600 kg / mu, and the dilution is 500-1000 times. Preferably, the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor. The amino acid mother liquor produced in the amino acid production is rich in nutrients, and the application of the diluent of the amino acid mother liquor can not only improve the soil environment of the saline-alkali land and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, but also promote the healthy growth of plants, improve the taste of crops, strengthen the immunity of crops, improve their disease resistance and stress resistance, and be beneficial to the yield preservation and yield increase of crops.

[0011] Further, the steps of the pre-sowing improvement process are as follows: before sowing, a microbial agent is applied to the sowing land with water and a 3-5 day field soaking treatment is performed, then the water is drained, the surface soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm is mixed with silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, and the surface soil is covered and moisturized for 1-3 days, and then the surface soil layer is subjected to leaching treatment.

[0012] Further, the microbial agent used in the bubble field treatment includes Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus FM4B; the viable bacterial count in the microbial agent is greater than or equal to 200 million / mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3; the use amount of the microbial agent is 2-4 kg per mu. The microbial agent can increase the beneficial biological bacterial base number in the soil, enhance the soil aggregate structure through the metabolic activity of the microorganisms, stimulate the root growth of the crops, and inhibit the spread of soil-borne diseases such as the fusarium pathogen, and reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides.

[0013] Further, the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 500-1000 times when used, and the use amount of the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is 1-3 g / kg for light saline-alkali soil, 3-6 g / kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, and 6-10 g / kg for heavy saline-alkali soil. The silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer contains a large amount of active calcium, which can provide a large amount of free active calcium ions for the soil. The active calcium ions and the free sodium bicarbonate ions, carbonate ions, and sulfate ions in the soil fully react to displace sodium ions, which are eluted and removed with water after the leaching treatment, thereby reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil, playing a role in reducing salt and alkali, and supplementing other nutrients and trace elements in the soil, improving the structural properties of the soil, enhancing the permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and greatly reducing the salinization degree of the saline-alkali soil. Meanwhile, a small amount of activated calcium enriched in the soil can be directly absorbed by the crops, without causing environmental pollution, and can promote the growth of the crops.

[0014] Further, in the fertilization step of the fertilization and cultivation process, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizer are applied; the chemical fertilizers include urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, and the use amounts thereof are respectively 20-25 kg per mu for urea, 15-20 kg per mu for diammonium phosphate, and 5-10 kg per mu for potassium sulfate; and the use amount of the microbial fertilizer is 50-80 kg per mu.

[0015] Further, in the field management of the fertilization and cultivation process, 1-2 times of immune protein is applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and immune protein and stress resistance foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and late growth stages of the crops, with 1-3 times of application; the immune protein is Alternaria alternata activation protein, and the use amount of the immune protein is 5-10 kg per mu, which is diluted by 750-1000 times for spraying; and the use amount of the stress resistance foliar fertilizer is 50-60 mL per mu, which is diluted by 1000 times for spraying.

[0016] Preferably, the immune protein is diluted by 750 times for application in the early growth stage of the crops and diluted by 1000 times for application in the middle and late growth stages of the crops. The Alternaria alternata activation protein is a kind of single and stable protein with biological activity extracted from Alternaria alternata fermentation, and the use of the immune protein can stimulate and induce the crops to have a broad-spectrum immune resistance to diseases and pests, significantly reduce the use amount of pesticides, stimulate the stress resistance of the crops, enhance the drought resistance, cold resistance, and saline-alkali resistance of the crops, promote the healthy growth of the crops, and ultimately achieve the effect of yield protection and income increase.

[0017] In the fattening cultivation process, the cooperation of chemical fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, immune protein and anti-stress foliar fertilizer supplements rich macronutrients, micronutrients, organic matter and beneficial bacteria in the soil, which is conducive to improving soil fertility, increasing the amount of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, improving the soil activation capacity, relieving salt stress, promoting the growth of crop roots in saline-alkali environment, and improving the survival rate of transplanting.

[0018] Further setting is that in the harvesting and repairing process, the amount of amino acid mother liquor in the amino acid mother liquor diluent is 300-500 kg per mu, and the dilution is 500-1000 times.

[0019] Further setting is that the salt reduction, quality improvement and yield increase method of saline-alkali soil of the application is suitable for crop planting in saline-alkali soil, salinization land and alkaline soil.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the salt reduction, quality improvement and yield increase method of saline-alkali soil provided by the application has the following advantages:

[0021] 1) The soil structure of saline-alkali soil is improved by plough layer fermentation and pre-sowing land preparation and fertilization, which effectively inhibits the surface aggregation of soil salt and increases the soil permeability, creating a good soil environment for crop growth. The soil organic matter and nutrient content are improved by the microbial agent and microbial fertilizer containing microorganisms, the soil microbial environment is improved, the soil fertility is fertilized, the disease resistance is enhanced by reasonable fertilization, and the growth, quality improvement, salt-alkali stress resistance and high yield of crops in saline-alkali soil are promoted. After the plough layer fermentation and the harvesting, the amino acid mother liquor diluent which is acidic and rich in nutrients is supplemented to the saline-alkali soil, which is beneficial to reducing the soil pH value and improving the soil fertility, promoting the growth and development of crops and increasing the yield of crops.

[0022] 2) The bioactive acid produced by microorganisms in the microbial agent and microbial fertilizer containing microorganisms can effectively neutralize the alkaline components in the soil, promote the activity of beneficial bacteria in the soil, inhibit the activity of harmful bacteria in the soil, and effectively promote the growth and enhance the disease resistance of crops by using the active substances secreted by microorganisms, so as to reduce the salt content of the soil and improve the biological activity, and enhance the soil fertility retention capacity.

[0023] 3) The crop cultivation seedlings in the method are subjected to salt tolerance induction during cultivation, which promotes the crop cells to transfer from primary metabolism to secondary metabolism by salt-alkali stress, so as to accumulate resistance substances and immune substances, so that the crop can form stable salt tolerance and salt resistance in the seedling stage, thereby improving the stress resistance and salt tolerance of the crop, and providing guarantee for high quality and high yield of crops in saline-alkali soil.

[0024] 4) The method is used for salt reduction improvement and quality increase and yield increase of saline-alkali soil, and the salt reduction, quality increase and yield increase effect is remarkable, a large amount of biological reagents are used in the method, the use amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, the ecological toxicity is reduced, and soil improvement and nutrient substances are provided for subsequent planting after the previous crop is harvested, and the method is suitable for implementation in various saline-alkali soils. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0026] Figure 1 The results of the effects of different methods on the POD enzyme activity of corn leaves are shown in the schematic diagram;

[0027] Figure 2 The results of the effects of different methods on the CAT enzyme activity of corn leaves are shown in the schematic diagram;

[0028] Figure 3 The results of the effects of different methods on the SOD enzyme activity of corn leaves are shown in the schematic diagram;

[0029] Figure 4 The results of the effects of different methods on the MDA content of corn leaves are shown in the schematic diagram. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor also belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0031] In the following examples, the test materials and reagents used, etc. can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified. If the specific technology or condition is not specified in the examples, it can be carried out according to the technology or condition described in the literature in the art or according to the product instruction.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the salt reduction, quality increase and yield increase method of the present application for saline-alkali soil includes the following steps:

[0033] 1) Fermentation of plough layer: after the previous crop is harvested, the crop straw is collected and crushed into straw residues of 5-10 cm, then mixed with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained material is deep ploughed and returned to the field, and rotary ploughing is carried out after the field is dried for 10-15 days.

[0034] The amino acid mother liquor in the amino acid mother liquor diluent refers to the concentrated solution remaining after removing the bacterial protein and purifying the amino acid from the fermentation liquor of the amino acid production bacteria.

[0035] It should be noted that the present application does not have special limitations on the way of straw crushing, and the conventional straw crushing method in the art can be used. Moreover, the specific way of deep plowing and returning to the field is not particularly limited, and the conventional deep plowing and returning to the field method in the art can be used. Similarly, the specific way of deep plowing is not particularly limited, and the way that can achieve the effect of deep plowing in the art can be used.

[0036] 2) Pre-sowing improvement: before preparing for sowing, the microbial agent is applied to the sowing land with water and a 3-5 day field soaking treatment is performed, then the water is drained after the field soaking is completed, then the surface soil with a thickness of 5-10 cm of the sowing land is mixed with the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, and the surface soil is covered and moisturized for 1-3 days, and then the surface soil layer is subjected to leaching treatment.

[0037] The microbial agent further includes: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ≥ 50 g / L, free amino acid ≥ 50 g / L, organic matter ≥ 100 g / L.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment, in the moderate or severe saline-alkali land, when the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is mixed with the surface soil layer, an inorganic acid is also added, and the use amount of the inorganic acid is 5-20 mL per mu. The inorganic acid is one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. The inorganic acid is added when the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is used to adjust the salinity of the surface soil layer, which can be used to improve the saline-alkali land with different degrees of salt damage, and is especially beneficial to reducing the alkalinity of moderate and severe saline-alkali land.

[0039] In specific implementation, the pre-sowing land preparation step can be repeated 2-5 times.

[0040] 3) Fertilization cultivation: the chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied to the sowing land by using a powder ridge machine, then the land is prepared according to the type of the crops to be planted, then the cultivation seedlings of the crops are planted, then the field is managed according to the habits of the crops, 1-2 times of immune protein is applied in the early growth stage of the crops, and immune protein and stress resistance foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and late growth stages of the crops, and the application frequency is 1-3 times. The chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are fully and uniformly mixed with the plough layer soil by the powder ridge tillage method, which can reduce the loss of the fertilizer and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can also improve the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment of the crops at a deep level, and the aeration and water permeability of the soil are enhanced by the aeration and water permeability of the powder ridge tillage, so that the water retention and water infiltration capacity of the soil is greatly improved, and a good water condition is provided for the growth of the crop roots, so that the yield is significantly increased.

[0041] The stress resistance foliar fertilizer further includes: iron ≥ 5 g / L, zinc ≥ 15 g / L, boron ≥ 5 g / L, manganese ≥ 5 g / L, proline ≥ 20 g / L, and free amino acid ≥ 100 g / L.

[0042] In the microbial fertilizer, the total viable bacterial count is ≥500 million per gram, the Bacillus subtilis count is ≥200 million per gram, the free amino acid content is ≥50 g / L, the arginine content is ≥10 g / L, and the aspartic acid content is ≥10 g / L.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, an anti-continuous cropping agent can also be applied to the seeding site at the crop seeding stage, and the use amount is 2-4 kg per mu, and the anti-continuous cropping agent is mixed with the immune protein and applied or is applied by root irrigation. The anti-continuous cropping agent contains rich anti-continuous cropping and disease-resistant microorganisms, which can be fixed and reproduced around the root system and produce organic metabolites, thereby improving the soil environment and increasing the organic matter content.

[0044] It should be noted that examples of land preparation include but are not limited to ridging, bed making, flat cultivation, and ridge making. Examples of crops include but are not limited to sunflowers, peppers, sorghum, Chinese cabbage, corn, tomatoes, licorice, and honeydew melons.

[0045] 4) Harvesting and repairing: after the crops are mature, the whole plants are dug up, the straw is uniformly collected, the amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed on the seeding site, and the seeding site is turned over and arranged, thereby completing a round of cultivation. Turning over the seeding site after harvesting the crops can break up the soil compaction and block the conduction and accumulation of underground salt along the soil capillary pores to the ground. Spraying the amino acid mother liquor diluent on the soil can use the acidic substances in the amino acid mother liquor to improve and control the saline-alkali soil, and the amino acid mother liquor contains a variety of nutrients, which can increase the total nitrogen content of the soil, reduce the pH value and total salt content of the soil, and is beneficial to promoting the germination and growth of crops, thereby achieving the effect of providing soil improvement and nutrients for subsequent planting after the previous crop is harvested.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, the cultivation of seedlings is as follows:

[0047] 1) Germination: after the seeds are washed clean, they are soaked in 2-5 wt% acetic acid solution for 3-6 h, then taken out and washed, and then soaked in gibberellin solution with a concentration of 30-100 mg / L for 6-12 h, and then germinated and grown normally. Soaking the seeds in acetic acid solution can effectively break the physical dormancy of the seed coat, and also avoid the acid corrosion of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid on the seeds. Gibberellin can effectively reduce the physiological activity inhibition caused by endogenous substances in the seed coat, accelerate seed germination, and improve the germination rate of the seeds.

[0048] 2) Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spray 0.05-0.5 wt% sodium salt solution on the roots of the seedlings, with a spraying interval of 3-5 days, a spraying amount of 1-2 mL per plant, and a total salt tolerance induction period of 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate.

[0049] 3) strong seedlings: after the induction is completed, the seedlings are transplanted into a cultivation substrate, and then a carbendazim solution diluted by 800-1000 times is poured to fix the roots, and normal planting culture is performed, until 15 days before the seedlings are transplanted, and then the salt-tolerant induction in step 2) is performed on the fixed seedlings, so that the cultivation seedlings are obtained.

[0050] Under the salt stress environment, the photosynthesis and growth of the seedlings and crops are inhibited, and the membrane quality is easily peroxidized due to a large amount of active oxygen in the body, and malondialdehyde (MDA) is the main product of membrane lipid peroxidation and is one of the indicators for measuring membrane lipid peroxidation. The higher the value is, the higher the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation is, and the more serious the membrane damage is. Therefore, as a further improvement of the foregoing embodiment, in the salt-tolerant induction step, a salt stress reliever is sprayed on the same part after each time of sodium salt solution spraying; and / or the salt stress reliever is used for drip irrigation of the crop roots in the middle and late growth stages of the crops, and the number of applications is 2-3 times. The salt stress reliever contains 0.1-0.5wt% tannic acid and 0.3-1.0wt% oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the salt stress reliever is 30-50mL / mu, and the dilution is 10-50 times.

[0051] The components in the salt stress reliever synergistically act, penetrate into the crop cells, reduce the osmotic pressure of the cells, maintain the balance between the generation and removal of free radicals in the cells by improving the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), thereby inhibiting the generation of membrane lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), further relieving the membrane lipid peroxidation damage of the cells under the salt stress, improving the antioxidant defense level and salt tolerance of the crops, and being beneficial to the quality improvement and yield increase of the crops in the saline-alkali land cultivation.

[0052] On the basis of the foregoing method, the application further provides an application of the salt-tolerant induction treatment of crop seedlings in the cultivation of crops in saline-alkali land. In the seedling stage of the crops, a sodium salt solution with a concentration of 0.05-0.5wt% is intermittently sprayed on the roots of the seedlings, the interval time is 3-5 days, the spraying amount is 1-2mL / plant, and the salt-tolerant induction period is 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.

[0053] Further, the application also provides a use of a salt stress relieving agent in crop resistance to salt and alkali stress, wherein the salt stress relieving agent is used to drip irrigate the roots of the crops in the middle and late growth stages of the crops. The salt stress relieving agent contains 0.1-0.5 wt% tannic acid and 0.3-1.0 wt% oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the salt stress relieving agent is 30-50 mL / mu, the salt stress relieving agent is used after being diluted by 10-50 times, and the application times are 2-3 times. The salt stress relieving agent can improve the antioxidant defense level and the salt and alkali resistance of the crops by improving the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and inhibiting the generation of membrane lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA), and there is no risk of any security risk and mutagenic germplasm, so that the quality and yield of crops in saline-alkali land are improved.

[0054] The application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples. However, it should be understood that the examples are only for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0055] In the examples, the valine mother liquor is purchased from Bayannur Huaheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd. In the valine mother liquor, the contents of valine, aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and arginine are 42 g / L, 5 g / L, 1 g / L, 10 g / L, 3 g / L, 5 g / L, 1 g / L, 1 g / L, 1 g / L and 1 g / L respectively, the content of free amino acid is 69%, and the pH value is 5.1 (detection method NY1429-2010). The microbial inoculant and microbial fertilizer are purchased from Bayannur Huaheng Biological Technology Co., Ltd. The stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is Fenglibao amino acid water-soluble fertilizer purchased from Qinhuangdao Fengrui Biological Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] A method for reducing salt in saline-alkali land and improving quality and yield, comprising the following steps:

[0058] 1) Cultivation layer fermentation: after the harvest of the previous crop, the crop straw is collected and crushed into 5 cm straw residues, which are then mixed with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained material is deep ploughed and returned to the field, and rotary ploughing is performed after the field is dried for 10 days. In the deep ploughing and returning to the field, the depth of soil deep ploughing is 20 cm, and the depth of rotary ploughing is 40 cm. The returning amount of straw is 300 kg / mu, and the application amount of livestock and poultry manure is 100 kg / mu. In the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the amount of amino acid mother liquor is 500 kg / mu, and the dilution is 500 times. The amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.

[0059] 2) Pre-sowing improvement: before sowing, microbial inoculants are applied to the sowing land with water and a 3-day ponding treatment is carried out, then the water is drained after the ponding is over, then the surface soil with a thickness of 5 cm is mixed with silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, and after 1 day of film mulching and moisture preservation, the surface soil layer is leached.

[0060] The microbial inoculants used in the ponding treatment include Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus brevis FM4B; the viable bacterial count in the microbial inoculants is ≥200 million / mL, and the pH value of the microbial inoculants is not more than 4.3. The use amount of the microbial inoculants is 2 kg / mu. The silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 500 times when used. The use amount of the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is 1 g / kg for light saline-alkali soil, 3 g / kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, and 6 g / kg for heavy saline-alkali soil.

[0061] 3) Cultivation of seedlings:

[0062] 3.1) Germination: after the tomato seeds are washed clean, they are soaked in a 2wt% acetic acid solution for 3h, then taken out and washed, and then soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 30mg / L for 6h, and then conventionally germinated and seedlings are raised.

[0063] 3.2) Salt tolerance induction: when the seeds germinate and form 2 pairs of young leaves, the seedlings are grouped, with the same number of seedlings in each group (50 seedlings), 3 repetitions are set, and different salt tolerance induction tests are started until the end of the induction period. The sodium salt solution is a sodium chloride solution.

[0064] Each salt tolerance induction test is as follows:

[0065] 3.2.1) Control group: no salt tolerance induction treatment is done, serving as a control.

[0066] 3.2.2) Induction group 1: intermittently spray the roots of the seedlings with a 0.1wt% sodium salt solution, with a 3-day interval, at a spraying amount of 1mL / plant, for a total of 30 days of salt tolerance induction.

[0067] 3.2.3) Induction group 2: continuously spray the roots of the seedlings with a 0.1wt% sodium salt solution every day, at a spraying amount of 1mL / plant, for a total of 30 days of salt tolerance induction.

[0068] 3.2.4) Induction group 3: intermittently spray the roots of the seedlings with a 0.1wt% sodium salt solution, with a 3-day interval, at a spraying amount of 1mL / plant, for a total of 40 days of salt tolerance induction.

[0069] 3.2.5) Induction group 4: intermittently spray the roots of the seedlings with a 0.1wt% sodium salt solution, with a 3-day interval, at a spraying amount of 1mL / plant, for a total of 20 days of salt tolerance induction.

[0070] 3.3) Seedling: After the induction is completed, the seedlings are transplanted into the cultivation substrate, and then a carbendazim solution diluted by 800 times is poured to fix the roots, and the seedlings are planted and cultured regularly, until 15 days before the seedlings are transplanted, and then the salt-tolerant induction of step 3.2) is performed on the seedlings, and the tomato cultivation seedlings are obtained.

[0071] 4) Fertilizer application: After the fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied to the seeding land by the powder ridge machine, the land is prepared according to the type of the crop to be planted, and then the cultivation seedlings of the crop are planted, and then the field management is performed according to the habits of the crop, the immune protein is applied once in the early growth stage of the crop, and the immune protein and the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied once in the middle and late growth stage of the crop.

[0072] The immune protein is an Alternaria alternata activation protein, and the use amount of the immune protein is 5 kg / acre, which is diluted by 750 times for application in the early growth stage of the crop and diluted by 1000 times for application in the middle and late growth stage of the crop. The use amount of the stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 50 mL / acre, which is diluted by 1000 times for spraying. The fertilizer includes urea, diammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, and the use amounts of the urea, the diammonium phosphate, and the potassium sulfate are 20 kg / acre, 15 kg / acre, and 5 kg / acre, respectively. The use amount of the microbial fertilizer is 50 kg / acre.

[0073] After the tomato cultivation seedlings obtained by different salt-tolerant induction tests are planted for 15 days, the survival rate and the salt-tolerant ability of the seedlings are observed and counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0074] Table 1 Survival rate and salt-tolerant ability of different salt-tolerant induction treatments

[0075] Salt tolerance inducing treatment Survival rate % Salt tolerance ability Control group No induction 56.7 Weak Induction 1 group Intermittent spraying, interval 3 days, total 30 days 95.3 Strong Induction 2 group Continuous spraying, total 30 days 64.7 Moderate Induction 3 group Intermittent spraying, interval 3 days, total 40 days 78.6 Moderate Induction 4 group Intermittent spraying, interval 3 days, total 20 days 72.7 Moderate

[0076] Note: Survival rate ≥ 80% indicates strong salt-tolerant ability, 60 ≤ survival rate < 80% indicates medium salt-tolerant ability, and survival rate < 60% indicates weak salt-tolerant ability.

[0077] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that different salt-tolerant induction treatments have different effects on the survival rate of the cultivation seedlings. Compared with no induction treatment, spraying the seedling roots with a low-concentration sodium salt solution can significantly improve the survival rate of the crop in the saline-alkali land. Among them, the survival rate of the cultivation seedlings with intermittent spraying is higher than that of the cultivation seedlings with continuous spraying, and too short or too long induction time is not conducive to the induction of salt-tolerant and salt-tolerant ability, and the survival rate is positively correlated with the salt-tolerant ability, so the induction effect of induction group 1 is the best, the salt-tolerant and salt-tolerant ability of the cultivation seedlings is the strongest, the salt-alkali resistance is enhanced, which is conducive to improving the yield and quality of the crop in the saline-alkali land.

[0078] 5) Harvesting and repairing: After the crop is mature, the whole plant is dug up, and the straw is uniformly recycled, then the amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed in the seeding land, and the land is raked and arranged to complete a round of cultivation. In the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the use amount of the amino acid solution is 300 kg / acre, and the dilution is 500 times.

[0079] Embodiment 2:

[0080] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0081] 1) Fermentation of the plough layer: after the harvest of the previous crop, the crop straw is collected and crushed into 10 cm straw residues, which are then mixed with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent. The resulting field application material is deeply ploughed and applied to the field, and after 15 days of drying, rotary ploughing is performed. The depth of soil ploughing is 30 cm; the depth of rotary ploughing is 50 cm. The application amount of straw is 500 kg / mu; the application amount of livestock and poultry manure is 200 kg / mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the amount of amino acid mother liquor is 600 kg / mu, and it is diluted by 1000 times; the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.

[0082] 2) Pre-sowing improvement: before sowing, microbial inoculant is applied to the sowing field with water and the field is treated for 5 days, then the water is drained, and then the topsoil with a thickness of 10 cm is mixed with silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, and the topsoil is treated with leaching after 3 days of film mulching and moisture retention.

[0083] The microbial inoculant used in the field soaking treatment includes Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus FM4B; the viable bacterial count in the microbial inoculant is ≥ 200 million / mL, and the pH value of the microbial inoculant is not more than 4.3. The use amount of microbial inoculant is 4 kg / mu. The silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times when used. The use amount of silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is 3 g / kg for light saline-alkali soil, 6 g / kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, and 10 g / kg for heavy saline-alkali soil.

[0084] 3) Cultivation of seedlings:

[0085] 3.1) Germination: after washing the seeds, soak them in 5wt% acetic acid solution for 6h, then wash them again, and then soak them in 100mg / L gibberellin solution for 12h, and then perform conventional germination and seedling cultivation.

[0086] 3.2) Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spray the roots of the seedlings with 0.5wt% sodium salt solution, with a spraying interval of 5 days, a spraying amount of 2mL / plant, and a total salt tolerance induction period of 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride.

[0087] 3.3) Strong seedlings: after the induction is completed, the seedlings are transplanted into the cultivation substrate, and then a 1000-fold diluted carbendazim solution is poured to fix the roots, and then conventional planting cultivation is performed, and 15 days before the seedlings are used, the planted seedlings are subjected to the salt tolerance induction in step 3.2), and the cultivation seedlings are obtained.

[0088] 4) Fattening cultivation: using a powder ridge machine to apply chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer to the seeding land, then according to the type of crops to be planted, the soil is prepared, then the cultivation seedlings of crops are planted, and then the field is managed according to the habits of crops, 2 times of immune protein are applied in the early growth stage of crops, and immune protein and stress-resistant foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and late growth stage of crops, the application frequency is 3 times.

[0089] The immune protein is very fine chain Alternaria activation protein; the use amount of immune protein is 10 kg / mu, 750 times dilution is used in the early growth stage of crops, and 1000 times dilution is used in the middle and late growth stage of crops. The use amount of stress-resistant foliar fertilizer is 60 mL / mu, and it is sprayed after being diluted by 1000 times. The chemical fertilizer includes urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the use amounts are urea 25 kg / mu, diammonium phosphate 20 kg / mu and potassium sulfate 10 kg / mu. The use amount of microbial fertilizer is 80 kg / mu.

[0090] 5) Harvest repair: after the crops are mature, the whole plant is dug and the straw is uniformly recycled, then the amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed to the seeding land, and the soil is turned and arranged to complete a round of cultivation. In the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the use amount of amino acid solution is 500 kg / mu, and it is diluted by 1000 times.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] A method for reducing salt and improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, comprising the following steps:

[0093] 1) Cultivation layer fermentation: after the previous crop is harvested, the crop straw is collected and crushed into 8 cm straw residues, then mixed with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, the obtained material is deep ploughed and returned to the field, and after 13 days of drying, rotary tillage is performed. In the deep ploughing, the depth of soil deep ploughing is 25 cm; the depth of rotary tillage is 45 cm. The return amount of straw is 400 kg / mu; the application amount of livestock and poultry manure is 150 kg / mu; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the use amount of amino acid mother liquor is 550 kg / mu, and it is diluted by 1000 times; the amino acid mother liquor is valine mother liquor.

[0094] 2) Pre-sowing improvement: before sowing, microbial inoculant is applied to the seeding land with water and the soil is treated for 4 days, then the water is drained, then the surface soil with a thickness of 8 cm is mixed with silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer, and the surface soil is treated with leaching after being covered and moisturized for 2 days. The use amount of microbial inoculant is 3 kg / mu. The silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is diluted by 1000 times when used. The use amount of silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is 2 g / kg for light saline-alkali soil, 5 g / kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, and 8 g / kg for heavy saline-alkali soil.

[0095] 3) Cultivation of seedlings:

[0096] 3.1) Germination: after the seeds are washed clean, they are soaked in 3.5wt% acetic acid solution for 4.5h, then washed clean, and then soaked in gibberellin solution with a concentration of 60mg / L for 10h, and then germinated and grown normally.

[0097] 3.2) Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spray the roots of the seedlings with 0.25wt% sodium salt solution, with a spraying interval of 4 days, a spraying amount of 1.5mL / plant, and a total salt tolerance induction period of 30 days. The sodium salt in the sodium salt solution is sodium chloride.

[0098] 3.3) Seedling strengthening: after the induction is completed, the seedlings are transplanted into the cultivation medium, and then diluted 1000 times of carbendazim solution is poured to fix the roots, and then the seedlings are planted and cultivated normally, until 15 days before the seedlings are used, and then the salt tolerance induction in step 3.2) is performed on the planted seedlings, to obtain the cultivation seedlings.

[0099] 4) Fertilization cultivation: after the chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied to the sowing land by the powder ridge machine, the land is prepared according to the type of the crop to be planted, and then the cultivation seedlings of the crop are planted, and then the field is managed according to the habits of the crop, 1 time of immune protein is applied in the early growth stage of the crop, and immune protein and stress resistance foliar fertilizer are applied 2 times in the middle and late growth stages of the crop.

[0100] The immune protein is an Alternaria alternata activation protein, and the use amount of the immune protein is 8kg / acre, which is diluted 750 times for use in the early growth stage of the crop and diluted 1000 times for use in the middle and late growth stages of the crop. The use amount of the stress resistance foliar fertilizer is 55mL / acre, which is diluted 1000 times for spraying. The chemical fertilizer includes urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the use amounts thereof are urea 22kg / acre, diammonium phosphate 18kg / acre and potassium sulfate 8kg / acre. The use amount of the microbial fertilizer is 70kg / acre.

[0101] 5) Harvesting and repairing: after the crop is mature, the whole plant is dug up, and the straw is uniformly recycled, and then the amino acid mother liquor diluent is sprayed on the sowing land, and the land is turned and arranged to complete a round of cultivation. In the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the use amount of the amino acid solution is 400kg / acre, which is diluted 500 times.

[0102] Example 4:

[0103] A method for reducing salt and improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 3, except that in the salt tolerance induction of steps 3.2) and 3.3), a salt stress reliever containing 0.3wt% tannic acid and 0.6wt% oxadiazon acid is sprayed on the same site after each sodium salt solution spraying, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, which is diluted 30 times for use.

[0104] Example 5:

[0105] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 3, except that in the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times.

[0106] Example 6:

[0107] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 3, except that:

[0108] In the salt tolerance induction of step 3.2) and step 3.3), after each spraying of the sodium salt solution, the same site is sprayed with a salt stress reliever.

[0109] In the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times.

[0110] The above-mentioned salt stress reliever contains 0.3wt% tannic acid and 0.6wt% oxadiazon acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, and it is used after being diluted by 30 times.

[0111] Comparative Example 1:

[0112] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 3, except that in the cultivation of seedlings of step 3), the seedlings are not subjected to salt tolerance induction, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0113] 3.1) Germination: After the seeds are washed clean, they are soaked in a 3.5wt% acetic acid solution for 4.5h, then washed clean, and then soaked in a gibberellin solution with a concentration of 60mg / L for 10h, and then conventionally germinated and seedlings are grown.

[0114] 3.2) Seedling strengthening: After the seedlings are grown, they are transplanted into the cultivation medium, and then a carbendazim solution diluted by 1000 times is poured to fix the roots, and then conventionally planted and cultivated, to obtain the cultivation seedlings.

[0115] Comparative Example 2:

[0116] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 5, except that in the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress reliever contains 0.9wt% tannic acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, and it is used after being diluted by 30 times.

[0117] Comparative Example 3:

[0118] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 5, except that in the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress reliever contains 0.9wt% of cloquintocet acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, and it is used after being diluted by 30 times.

[0119] Comparative Example 4:

[0120] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 5, except that in the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress reliever contains 0.3wt% of tannic acid and 1.5wt% of cloquintocet acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, and it is used after being diluted by 30 times.

[0121] Comparative Example 5:

[0122] A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield in saline-alkali soil, which is consistent with the steps in Example 5, except that in the fertilization cultivation of step 4), a salt stress reliever is used to drip irrigate the crop roots in the middle and late growth period of the crop, and the application frequency is 2 times. The salt stress reliever contains 1.0wt% of tannic acid and 0.6wt% of cloquintocet acid, and the solvent is water. The use amount of the above-mentioned salt stress reliever is 40mL / acre, and it is used after being diluted by 30 times.

[0123] Test Example 1:

[0124] Sunflower planting test:

[0125] 1) The sunflower variety is edible sunflower variety K9102. The main characteristics of the seed are: average growth period of 105 days, and strong salt tolerance.

[0126] 2) The test site is located in Ganzhaomiao Test Base of Bayannur City Agricultural and Pastoral Science Research Institute. The altitude is 1035m, the average annual temperature is 3.7-7.6℃, the sunshine hours are 3100-3300h, the frost-free period is 126d, the average annual precipitation is 188mm, the evaporation is 2030-3180mm, and it is a typical continental monsoon climate in the middle temperate zone, belonging to the Hetao Irrigation Area. The test site is flat and convenient for irrigation.

[0127] 3) Test group setting: select the same area of test site in the same area, and plant sunflowers according to the methods of Example 2-Example 6 and Comparative Example 1. When planting sunflowers, the row spacing is 60cm, the plant spacing is 60cm, the number of plants per row is the same, and the plots are separated. Each test example has 3 parallel groups, and the average value is taken.

[0128] 4) Index determination

[0129] 4.1) Soil properties: Before the fermentation step, 0-20 cm soil samples were collected using the five-point sampling method to determine soil bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total salt, pH, and alkalinity. After the crop harvest and remediation step, 0-20 cm soil samples were collected to determine soil bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total salt, pH, and alkalinity.

[0130] Soil bulk density: After the harvest, the profile was dug in the field, and soil was taken using a ring knife with a volume standard of 100 cm 3 . The soil bulk density was determined using the drying method, with a sampling depth of 20-25 cm.

[0131] Soil pH: The pH was determined using a pH meter (Lei Ji, Shanghai), with the pure water being boiled in advance to remove carbon dioxide. The water to soil ratio was 2.5:1.0 (volume to mass ratio) as recommended by the International Society of Soil Science.

[0132] Soil organic matter: The potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method was used to determine soil organic matter.

[0133] Soil nutrient determination: Total nitrogen: Dumas nitrogen determination by burning; available phosphorus content: NaHCO3 method; available potassium content: NH4OA extraction-flame photometry method.

[0134] 4.2) Plant physiological indicators:

[0135] 4.2.1) Growth and development traits: After planting the cultivated seedlings, the sunflower survival rate was investigated.

[0136] 4.2.2) At the mature stage of sunflowers, 10 consecutive plants were randomly selected from each group to investigate plant height, stem diameter, and disc diameter, and the average values were taken.

[0137] 4.2.3) Yield: Plot yield. At the mature stage of sunflowers, the number of discs and the number of missing plants in each planting plot were recorded without collecting the edge rows and plants. The plot yield calculation formula is: plot yield = actual plot grain dry weight + plot actual area x plot area (missing plants <5%).

[0138] 4.2.4) Hundred-grain weight: At the mature stage of sunflowers, the harvested entire seeds were naturally air-dried, and 100 seeds were randomly selected and weighed, with three repetitions to take the average value. The hundred-grain weight calculation formula is: hundred-grain weight = total weight of 100 seeds dry / 3. The single disc grain weight was also calculated.

[0139] 5) Test results and analysis

[0140] 5.1) Effect of different methods on soil properties

[0141] Table 2

[0142] Before the test Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Comparative Example 1 Total salt g / kg 3.25 1.11 1.21 1.13 1.16 1.14 1.17 Alkalinity % pH 16.9 10.3 10.6 10.2 10.1 10.4 10.1 Container weight g / cm 3 ]]> 1.58 1.16 1.15 1.23 1.21 1.12 1.14 Total nitrogen mg / kg 8.9 7.3 7.5 7.1 7.3 7.2 7.1 Available phosphorus mg / kg 1.33 3.21 3.25 3.31 3.28 3.35 3.26 Available potassium mg / kg 91.8 134.5 136.3 137.3 135.8 135.2 134.6 Organic matter g / kg 523.5 596.2 590.2 593.7 592.4 596.6 593.7 Example 2 21.4 26.8 27.3 26.7 27.1 26.8 26.3

[0143] As can be seen from Table 2, the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil is improved significantly by the examples and the comparative examples, and the effects of reducing the soil bulk density and loosening the soil are exhibited, the total salt content, the alkali degree and the pH value of the soil are decreased significantly, and the contents of the organic matter, the total nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium in the soil are improved significantly, which indicates that the method of the examples and the comparative examples stimulates the soil activity and improves the soil fertility, and can provide a good plough layer environment for crops.

[0144] 5.2) Effects of different methods on physiological indexes of sunflower

[0145] Table 3

[0146] Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Comparative Example 1 Yield kg / acre Planting rate % 253.1 256.1 269.4 273.4 297.3 124.5 Plant height cm 90.3 91.2 95.3 90.2 96.3 75.4 Stem diameter mm 164.6 163.5 175.3 183.4 194.5 138.3 Disc diameter cm 35.2 34.8 36.7 37.2 38.3 30.1 Hundred-grain weight g 26.3 25.8 27.2 27.7 28.4 22.6 Single-disc grain weight g 27.7 27.3 29.5 30.2 33.7 17.3 Example 3 150.3 153.8 167.4 174.9 189.4 66.9

[0147] As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the comparative examples, the method in the examples promotes the growth of sunflower, and it can be seen that the method of the present application has a significant effect on the growth and development of crops in saline-alkali soil and the improvement of yield. Compared with Example 3-Example 6, the growth index of Example 6 is the best, which indicates that the use of salt stress reliever in the salt tolerance induction stage and the middle and late growth stages of crop seedlings is beneficial to improve the antioxidant defense level and salt-alkali resistance of crops, and thus is beneficial to the quality improvement and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali soil cultivation.

[0148] Test Example 2:

[0149] Corn planting test:

[0150] 1) Corn variety: Xianyu 335. The test site is located in Ganzhaomiao Test Base of Bayannur City Agricultural and Pastoral Science Research Institute. Cultivation is carried out according to the growth habit of corn. Test group setting: select the same area of test site in the same area, and plant corn according to the methods of Example 3, Example 5 and Comparative Example 2-Comparative Example 5. Each test example has 3 parallels, and the average value is taken.

[0151] 2) Plant physiological index: after the corn matures, the ear length, ear thickness, ear weight, bare tip length, axis weight and 200-grain weight of the corn are measured. At the same time, the yield of the corn is determined according to the method in Test Example 1.

[0152] 3) Antioxidant defense index: in the fertilization and cultivation step, after the last time of drip irrigation of salt stress reliever at the root of the crop for 24 h, the 5th-10th leaf blades close to the root are taken as test samples. The peroxidase (POD) activity is determined by the guaiacol method, the catalase (CAT) activity is determined by the ultraviolet absorption method, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity is determined by the NBT photoreduction method, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content is determined by the thiobarbituric acid method.

[0153] 4) Test results and analysis

[0154] 4.1) Effects of different methods on physiological indicators of corn

[0155] Table 4

[0156] Example 5 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Ear length cm Ear diameter mm 22.24 27.03 23.25 24.78 21.43 25.45 Ear weight g 55.84 65.07 55.56 59.63 51.58 60.13 Bare tip length mm 376.31 409.82 367.61 395.07 338.55 392.07 Axis weight g 3.583 4.014 3.443 3.679 3.175 3.785 200-grain weight g 52.64 62.76 53.81 57.47 49.37 59.42 Yield kg / acre 87.32 101.68 87.22 90.78 80.53 94.64 Figure 1 768.24 921.88 791.87 845.64 729.28 860.88

[0157] Figure 2 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the effects of different methods on the POD enzyme activity of corn leaves; Figure 3 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the effects of different methods on the CAT enzyme activity of corn leaves; Figure 4 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the effects of different methods on the SOD enzyme activity of corn leaves; ​ Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the effects of different methods on the MDA content of corn leaves.

[0158] As can be seen from the figure, after the drip irrigation salt stress reliever, the POD, CAT, SOD enzyme activity of the corn leaves of Example 5 is significantly improved compared with Example 3, and the MDA content is significantly decreased compared with Example 3; compared with the comparative examples, it is found that the effects of different proportions of salt stress reliever are not the same, and the antioxidant effects of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 5 are improved to different degrees, but the effects are not as significant as Example 5, and Comparative Example 4 shows a slight negative effect. Combined with Table 4, it can be seen that the yield and quality of corn in Example 5 are the best, and are significantly better than the various indicators of Example 3; the various indicators of Comparative Example 4 are also worse than those of Example 3. In summary, the use of a specific proportion of salt stress reliever in the middle and late growth stages can play a synergistic effect, can improve the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), reduce the generation amount of membrane lipid peroxide malondialdehyde, thereby relieving the membrane lipid peroxidation damage under salt stress, improving the antioxidant defense level and salt tolerance of crops, and being conducive to the quality improvement and yield increase of crops in saline-alkali land cultivation.

[0159] It should be noted that in the present application, the concentrations, proportions and the like not specifically stated are weight concentrations, weight ratios and the like, which are the writing habits commonly used by those skilled in the art, and therefore will not be described in detail in the present application. In addition, in the present application, the detailed steps of some operations are not described in detail, but are known to those skilled in the art as prior art, and therefore will not be described in detail here.

[0160] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that; it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for reducing salt, improving quality and increasing yield of saline-alkali soil, characterized in that, It comprises: a plough layer fermentation procedure of straw deep ploughing and returning to field after the previous crop is harvested, then drying the field, rotary ploughing; a pre-sowing improvement procedure of bubble field treatment and salt leaching treatment to the sowing field before sowing; a fertilization and cultivation procedure of fertilizing, ploughing, then planting the crop seedlings and managing the field; and a harvesting and repairing procedure of whole plant digging after the crop is mature, then spraying the amino acid mother liquor diluent to the sowing field and ploughing and arranging; The plough layer fermentation procedure comprises the following steps: after the previous crop is harvested, collecting the crop straw and crushing it into 5-10cm straw residue, then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure and amino acid mother liquor diluent, deep ploughing the obtained returning to field material, then drying the field for 10-15 days and rotary ploughing; The pre-sowing improvement procedure comprises the following steps: before sowing, applying microbial agent to the sowing field with water and bubble field treating for 3-5 days, then draining water, mixing the 5-10cm surface soil of the sowing field with silicate calcium magnesium fertilizer, covering and moisturizing for 1-3 days, then leaching the surface soil layer; The crop seedlings are subjected to salt tolerance induction treatment with sodium salt solution during the seedling stage; The cultivation steps of the crop seedlings are as follows: 1) Germination: washing the seeds, then soaking them in 2-5wt% acetic acid solution for 3-6h, washing them again, then soaking them in 30-100mg / L gibberellin solution for 6-12h, then germinating and cultivating them normally; 2) Salt tolerance induction: intermittently spraying 0.05-0.5wt% sodium salt solution to the roots of the seedlings, the interval time being 3-5 days, the spraying amount being 1-2mL / plant, and the salt tolerance induction period being 30 days; the sodium salt in the above-mentioned sodium salt solution is sodium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate; 3) Strong seedling: after the induction is completed, transplanting the seedlings to the cultivation substrate, then pouring the diluted 800-1000 times carbendazim solution to fix the roots, then cultivating them normally, and 15 days before transplanting, subjecting the transplanted seedlings to the salt tolerance induction of step 2), thus obtaining the seedlings; In the salt tolerance induction of step 2), after each time of spraying the sodium salt solution, spraying salt stress reliever to the same position; and / or, using the salt stress reliever to drip irrigate the roots of the crop in the middle and later growth periods, the application times being 2-3 times; the salt stress reliever contains 0.1-0.5wt% tannic acid and 0.3-1.0wt% oxadiazyl acid, and the solvent is water.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The returning to field amount of the straw is 300-500kg / acre; the application amount of the livestock and poultry manure is 100-200kg / acre; in the amino acid mother liquor diluent, the amount of the amino acid mother liquor is 500-600kg / acre, and it is diluted by 500-1000 times.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The microbial agent used in the bubble field treatment comprises Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus brevis FM4B; the viable bacterial count of the microbial agent is ≥2 billion / mL, and the pH value of the microbial agent is not more than 4.3; the application amount of the microbial agent is 2-4kg / acre.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, The silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is diluted 500-1000 times in use, and the use amount of the silicon calcium magnesium fertilizer is 1-3 g / kg for light saline-alkali soil, 3-6 g / kg for moderate saline-alkali soil, and 6-10 g / kg for heavy saline-alkali soil.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the fertilization step of the fertilization and cultivation process, chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are applied; the chemical fertilizer includes urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, and the use amounts of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are 20-25 kg / mu, 15-20 kg / mu and 5-10 kg / mu respectively; the use amount of the microbial fertilizer is 50-80 kg / mu.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the field management of the fertilization and cultivation process, 1-2 times of immune protein is applied in the early growth stage of crops, and immune protein and stress resistance foliar fertilizer are applied in the middle and late growth stages of crops, and the application frequency is 1-3 times; The immune protein is Alternaria alternata activated protein, and the use amount of the immune protein is 5-10 kg / mu, which is diluted 750-1000 times for spraying; the use amount of the stress resistance foliar fertilizer is 50-60 mL / mu, which is diluted 1000 times for spraying.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by, In the harvesting and repairing process, the use amount of the amino acid mother liquor in the amino acid mother liquor diluent is 300-500 kg / mu, and the amino acid mother liquor is diluted 500-1000 times.

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