A highly efficient thermal energy storage device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of high-efficiency heat storage devices, device includes: vertical box, flue gas passage and air passage, vertical box is internally provided with heat insulation partition, heat insulation partition is vertically divided into high-temperature zone and low-temperature zone in vertical box interior;High-temperature zone includes latent heat storage module and high-temperature settling chamber, low-temperature zone includes solid sensible heat storage module and low-temperature settling chamber, latent heat storage module is located at the top of high-temperature settling chamber, solid sensible heat storage module is located at the top of low-temperature settling chamber;Flue gas passage and air passage are not communicated each other, high-temperature flue gas passage and high-temperature air passage are configured to latent heat storage module, low-temperature flue gas passage and low-temperature air passage are configured to solid sensible heat storage module, high-temperature flue gas passage is communicated with high-temperature settling chamber, low-temperature flue gas passage is communicated with low-temperature settling chamber.The device has higher flue gas waste heat recovery efficiency, and can provide stable and continuous preheating air temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal energy storage technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency thermal energy storage device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the average total recoverable industrial waste heat resources in my country exceed 1.3 billion tons of standard coal equivalent, but its utilization rate is only about 30%. Recoverable industrial waste heat mainly comes from high-temperature flue gas, cooling media, wastewater, and waste gas, among which high-temperature flue gas waste heat accounts for 50% of the total waste heat resources. High-temperature flue gas waste heat is mainly distributed in high-energy-consuming industries such as metallurgy, cement, chemical, non-ferrous metals, and glass.

[0003] In industrial production, high-temperature flue gas waste heat is usually preheated by heat exchangers. However, due to the poor heat exchange effect between air and flue gas, the flue gas still contains a high temperature after the air is preheated by the heat exchanger. Direct discharge will result in heat waste and low efficiency of flue gas waste heat recovery. In addition, most industrial flue gases have certain fluctuations and discontinuities, and traditional heat exchangers cannot provide a stable and continuous preheated air temperature. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a high-efficiency thermal energy storage device that can recover and utilize waste heat from flue gas efficiently and provide a stable and continuous preheating air temperature, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] The present invention provides a high-efficiency thermal energy storage device, comprising:

[0006] The vertical enclosure has an internal insulated partition wall that vertically divides the interior of the enclosure into a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone.

[0007] The high-temperature zone includes a latent heat storage module and a high-temperature settling chamber, while the low-temperature zone includes a solid sensible heat storage module and a low-temperature settling chamber. The latent heat storage module is located at the top of the high-temperature settling chamber, and the solid sensible heat storage module is located at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber.

[0008] Flue gas passages include interconnected high-temperature flue gas passages and low-temperature flue gas passages;

[0009] Air passages include interconnected high-temperature air passages and low-temperature air passages;

[0010] The flue gas passage and the air passage are not connected to each other. The high-temperature flue gas passage and the high-temperature air passage are configured in the latent heat storage module, and the low-temperature flue gas passage and the low-temperature air passage are configured in the solid sensible heat storage module. The high-temperature flue gas passage is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber, and the low-temperature flue gas passage is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber.

[0011] The high-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas that enters the high-temperature settling chamber from the outside of the chamber.

[0012] The latent heat storage module is used to: recover and store the waste heat of flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas channel from the high-temperature settling chamber during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering from the low-temperature air channel.

[0013] The low-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden low-temperature flue gas that enters from the low-temperature air channel.

[0014] Solid-state sensible heat storage modules are used to: recover and store waste heat from flue gas entering the low-temperature air channel from the high-temperature flue gas channel during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering the low-temperature settling chamber.

[0015] In one embodiment, the solid sensible heat storage module includes a second fixed plate that is horizontally fixed to the first fixed plate and disposed at the top of the box, a support plate located at the top of the low temperature settling chamber, and multiple solid sensible heat storage units with porous flow channel structures.

[0016] Multiple solid sensible heat storage units with porous flow channel structures are stacked face-to-face on a support plate. Each stack includes at least two solid sensible heat storage units. The number of solid sensible heat storage units is equal in all stacks. There is a first gap between two adjacent solid sensible heat storage units in the same stack. The solid sensible heat storage units form a second gap with the inner wall of the box and the thermal insulation partition. The first gap and the second gap form a low-temperature air channel.

[0017] Both the second fixed plate and the support plate are provided with a second flue gas through hole equal in number to the porous flow channel structure in each stack. The porous flow channel structure of the solid sensible heat storage unit between two adjacent stacks is connected. The porous flow channel structure of the solid sensible heat storage unit located at the uppermost stack is connected to the second flue gas through hole on the second fixed plate. The porous flow channel structure of the solid sensible heat storage unit located at the lowermost stack is connected to the second flue gas through hole on the support plate to form a low-temperature flue gas channel.

[0018] In one embodiment, the latent heat storage module includes a first fixed plate disposed at the top of the box, a plurality of latent heat storage units with central flue gas channels suspended and connected to the first fixed plate, and a baffle plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the latent heat storage units.

[0019] The first fixed plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box, and the baffle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the box.

[0020] The size of the first fixed plate is equal to the cross-sectional size of the vertical box, and the size of the baffle is equal to the cross-sectional size of the high-temperature zone of the vertical box;

[0021] Both the first fixed plate and the baffle plate are provided with first flue gas through holes. The upper end of the flue gas channel of the latent heat storage unit is connected to the first flue gas through hole of the first fixed plate, and the lower end of the flue gas channel of the latent heat storage unit is connected to the first flue gas through hole of the baffle plate to form a high-temperature flue gas channel.

[0022] The space formed between the first fixed plate and the baffle plate, the inner wall of the box, the thermal insulation partition wall, and the outer wall of the latent heat storage unit is a high-temperature air channel.

[0023] In one embodiment, the latent heat storage unit includes an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve fitted over the outer side of the inner sleeve, a T-shaped sealing end cap suspended and connected to a first fixed plate, and a bottom sealing end cap. The inner sleeve and the outer sleeve have a gap and are of equal length. The annular cavity formed between the outer side of the inner sleeve, the inner side of the outer sleeve, the T-shaped sealing end cap, and the bottom sealing end cap is a phase change heat storage material encapsulation cavity. The inner side of the inner sleeve is provided with a flue gas side rib, and the outer side of the outer sleeve is provided with an air side rib.

[0024] In one embodiment, the solid-state sensible thermal storage unit includes a cuboid body, a plurality of porous flow channel structures arranged along the long axis of the body, and shoulders symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of any two opposite sides of the body.

[0025] The porous flow channel structure includes at least one of the following: constant cross-section flow channel, gradually changing cross-section flow channel, gradually expanding and gradually contracting coupled cross-section flow channel, and sawtooth cross-section flow channel.

[0026] In one embodiment, the latent heat storage module further includes multiple baffles for dividing the high-temperature airflow channel into multiple high-temperature air sub-channels. The multiple baffles are all sealed and sleeved on the latent heat storage unit, and each baffle is provided with an air passage that connects the multiple high-temperature air sub-channels.

[0027] The air passages between two adjacent baffles are staggered. The air passage of one baffle is located on the side of the baffle closer to the housing, and the air passage of the other baffle is located on the side of the baffle closer to the thermal insulation wall.

[0028] The uppermost sub-channel is connected to the low-temperature air channel, while the lowermost high-temperature air sub-channel discharges heated air from the chamber.

[0029] In one embodiment, the solid-state sensible heat storage module further includes a first irregular module and a second irregular module for dividing the low-temperature air channel into multiple low-temperature air sub-channels. The shoulders of adjacent solid-state sensible heat storage units in the same stack are connected by the first irregular module, and the two adjacent second gaps are sealed. On the two sides of the solid-state sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer, every other stack, the shoulder of the outermost solid-state sensible heat storage unit is equipped with a second irregular module that separates the upper and lower stacks. The second irregular modules on the two sides of the solid-state sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer are staggered. The shoulder of the bottommost stack near the box body at the lower end of the main body is equipped with a second irregular module.

[0030] Multiple low-temperature air sub-channels are connected, and external low-temperature air enters the chamber from the lowest low-temperature air sub-channel.

[0031] In one embodiment, a third gap is provided between the thermal insulation partition and the first fixing plate, and the uppermost low-temperature air sub-channel and high-temperature air sub-channel are connected through the third gap;

[0032] The top of the vertical enclosure is an arc-shaped cover, and multiple arc-shaped baffles are set on the inner side of the cover to form multiple arc-shaped flue gas channels. The arc-shaped flue gas channels connect the high-temperature flue gas channel and the low-temperature flue gas channel.

[0033] In one embodiment, the side wall of the enclosure is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a high-temperature air outlet, a low-temperature air inlet, and a low-temperature flue gas outlet. The high-temperature flue gas inlet is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber, the high-temperature air outlet is connected to the high-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the latent heat storage module, the low-temperature flue gas outlet is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber, and the low-temperature air inlet is connected to the low-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the solid sensible heat storage module.

[0034] In one embodiment, a first ash removal assembly is inserted into the bottom of the high-temperature settling chamber, and a second ash removal assembly is inserted into the bottom of the low-temperature settling chamber.

[0035] The high-temperature settling chamber is equipped with a flow-blocking plate, and the angle between the flow-blocking plate and the insulation layer is α, where 30°≤α≤60°.

[0036] The aforementioned high-efficiency thermal energy storage device includes: a vertical housing with an insulated partition wall inside, which vertically divides the interior of the housing into a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone; the high-temperature zone includes a latent heat storage module and a high-temperature settling chamber, and the low-temperature zone includes a solid sensible heat storage module and a low-temperature settling chamber, with the latent heat storage module located at the top of the high-temperature settling chamber and the solid sensible heat storage module located at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber; a flue gas channel, including interconnected high-temperature flue gas channels and low-temperature flue gas channels; and an air channel, including interconnected high-temperature air channels and low-temperature air channels. The flue gas channels and air channels are not interconnected, with the high-temperature flue gas channels and high-temperature air channels configured within the latent heat storage module and the low-temperature flue gas channels and low-temperature air channels configured within the solid sensible heat storage module. The high-temperature flue gas channels are connected to the high-temperature settling chamber, and the low-temperature flue gas channels are connected to the low-temperature settling chamber. The high-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas entering from outside the chamber. The latent heat storage module is used to: recover and store waste heat from the flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas channel from the high-temperature settling chamber during heat storage; and release heat to heat the air entering from the low-temperature air channel during heat release. The low-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden low-temperature flue gas entering from the low-temperature air channel. The solid sensible heat storage module is used to: recover and store waste heat from the flue gas entering the low-temperature air channel from the high-temperature flue gas channel during heat storage; and release heat to heat the air entering from the low-temperature settling chamber during heat release. This device couples the latent heat storage module and the solid sensible heat storage module, forming a dual-channel integrated heat storage and exchange structure. It employs a two-stage heat exchange method, achieving high efficiency in flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization. It also fully utilizes the high heat storage density and relatively stable heat extraction temperature of the latent heat storage module to provide a stable and continuous preheated air temperature. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device provided in the embodiment of the present invention along a plane perpendicular to the vertical of the thermal insulation partition;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device provided in the embodiment of the present invention along a plane that is horizontal and perpendicular to the thermal insulation partition.

[0039] Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the assembly relationship of multiple solid-state sensible heat storage units with porous flow channel structures;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the latent heat storage unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the BB side;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the assembly relationship between the inner and outer sleeves;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the outer sleeve structure;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inner sleeve structure;

[0045] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state sensible thermal storage unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a porous flow channel structure;

[0047] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first irregular module provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, enclosure; 110, insulated partition wall; 120, high-temperature settling chamber; 130, low-temperature settling chamber; 160, top cover; 170, baffle plate; 101, high-temperature flue gas inlet; 102, high-temperature air outlet; 103, low-temperature air inlet; 104, low-temperature flue gas outlet; 105, first ash removal assembly; 106, second ash removal assembly; 107, baffle plate; 108, third gap; 141, first fixing plate; 142, latent heat storage unit; 143, baffle plate; 144, first flue gas through-hole; 145, deflector plate; 151, second fixing plate; 152, support plate; 153, solid-state sensible heat storage unit; 154, first gap; 1 55. Second gap; 156. Second flue gas through-hole; 157. First irregular module; 158. Second irregular module; 1421. Inner sleeve; 1422. Outer sleeve; 1423. T-shaped sealing end cap; 1424. Bottom sealing end cap; 1425. Phase change thermal storage material encapsulation cavity; 1426. Rib; 1531. Main body; 1532. Porous flow channel structure; 1533. Shoulder; 1534. Uniform cross-section flow channel; 1535. Gradually changing cross-section flow channel; 1536. Gradually expanding and contracting coupled cross-section flow channel; 1537. Sawtooth cross-section flow channel; 200. High-temperature flue gas channel; 210. Low-temperature flue gas channel; 220. High-temperature air channel; 230. Low-temperature air channel. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," and orientation or positional relationship are based on the appendix. Figure 1The orientations or positional relationships shown are for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0051] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention along a plane perpendicular to the vertical of the thermal insulation partition. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device provided in this embodiment of the invention along a plane that is horizontal and perpendicular to the thermal insulation partition. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device of this embodiment includes:

[0052] The vertical enclosure 100 has an internal thermally insulated partition 110 that vertically divides the interior of the enclosure 100 into a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone. The thermally insulated partition 110 prevents heat transfer from the high-temperature zone to the low-temperature zone. In this embodiment, the vertical enclosure 100 is made of thermally insulating material, which prevents temperature exchange between the interior and exterior air of the enclosure 100.

[0053] It should be noted that the enclosure 100 includes a horizontal base, and the vertical partition is that the heat-insulating partition wall 110 is perpendicular to the base and divides the interior of the enclosure 100. Preferably, the heat-insulating partition wall 110 divides the enclosure 100 into two equal parts, namely a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone.

[0054] The high-temperature zone includes a latent heat storage module and a high-temperature settling chamber 120, while the low-temperature zone includes a solid sensible heat storage module and a low-temperature settling chamber 130. The latent heat storage module is located at the top of the high-temperature settling chamber 120, and the solid sensible heat storage module is located at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber 130.

[0055] Specifically, the latent heat storage module is used to recover and store the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas during heat storage and to heat the high-temperature air during heat release. The high-temperature settling chamber 120 is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas. The solid sensible heat storage module is used to recover and store the waste heat of low-temperature flue gas during heat storage and to heat the low-temperature air during heat release. The low-temperature settling chamber 130 is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden low-temperature flue gas.

[0056] The coupling of latent heat storage modules and solid sensible heat storage modules results in a dual-channel integrated heat storage and exchange structure. Employing a two-stage heat exchange method, it achieves multi-stage heat recovery and boasts high efficiency in recovering and utilizing waste heat from flue gas. The latent heat storage modules offer high heat storage density and relatively stable heat extraction temperature, providing a stable and continuous preheating air temperature. The solid sensible heat storage modules offer low cost and ease of scalability. The combination of these two features ensures that the device offers the advantages of a relatively stable heat extraction temperature and low heat storage cost, facilitating its large-scale deployment.

[0057] The flue gas passage includes a high-temperature flue gas passage 200 and a low-temperature flue gas passage 210 that are interconnected.

[0058] The air passage includes a high-temperature air passage 220 and a low-temperature air passage 230 that are interconnected.

[0059] The flue gas passage and the air passage are not connected to each other. The high-temperature flue gas passage 200 and the high-temperature air passage 220 are configured in the latent heat storage module, and the low-temperature flue gas passage 210 and the low-temperature air passage 230 are configured in the solid sensible heat storage module. The high-temperature flue gas passage 200 is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber 120, and the low-temperature flue gas passage 210 is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber 130.

[0060] Specifically, the flue gas passage is only used for transporting flue gas, and the air passage is only used for transporting air; there is no gas exchange between the two.

[0061] In this embodiment, the high-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas entering from outside the chamber. The latent heat storage module is used to: recover and store the waste heat of the flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas channel from the high-temperature settling chamber during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering from the low-temperature air channel. The low-temperature settling chamber is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden low-temperature flue gas entering from the low-temperature air channel. The solid-state sensible heat storage module is used to: recover and store the waste heat of the flue gas entering the low-temperature air channel from the high-temperature flue gas channel during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering from the low-temperature settling chamber.

[0062] The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device in this embodiment operates under two modes: heat storage and heat release. In heat storage mode, external high-temperature flue gas sequentially passes through a high-temperature settling chamber 120, a high-temperature flue gas channel 200, a low-temperature flue gas channel 210, and a low-temperature settling chamber 130 before being discharged. The heat from the external high-temperature flue gas is stored in the latent heat storage module and the solid-state sensible heat storage module. In heat release mode, external low-temperature air sequentially passes through a low-temperature air channel 230 and a high-temperature air channel 220 before being discharged. The latent heat storage module and the solid-state sensible heat storage module are released into the external low-temperature air.

[0063] When the device performs heat storage, the high-temperature flue gas outside the housing 100 first enters the high-temperature settling chamber 120, which separates and removes solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas, and then enters the high-temperature flue gas channel 200. The latent heat storage module recovers and stores the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and outputs low-temperature flue gas into the low-temperature flue gas channel 210. The solid sensible heat storage module recovers and stores the waste heat of the low-temperature flue gas, and outputs exhaust flue gas to the low-temperature settling chamber 130. The low-temperature settling chamber separates and removes solid particles from the dust-laden exhaust flue gas before discharging the flue gas from the housing 100. When the device performs heat release, the low-temperature air outside the housing 100 first enters the low-temperature air channel 230. The external low-temperature air absorbs the heat released by the solid sensible heat storage module and then forms high-temperature air which enters the high-temperature air channel 220. The high-temperature air absorbs the heat released by the latent heat storage module and then exits the housing 100. The high-temperature flue gas and the air flow in opposite directions inside the device, exhibiting a counter-current heat exchange pattern.

[0064] For ease of distinction, in this embodiment, the flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas channel 200 is called high-temperature flue gas, the flue gas entering the low-temperature flue gas channel 210 is called low-temperature flue gas, the air entering the low-temperature air channel 230 is called low-temperature air, and the air entering the high-temperature air channel 220 is called high-temperature air.

[0065] It should be noted that the flue gas passage and the air passage in this embodiment are two independent passages, with different passages corresponding to different operating conditions, and no gas exchange occurs between them.

[0066] In one embodiment, the latent heat storage module includes a first fixed plate 141 disposed at the top of the housing 100, a plurality of latent heat storage units 142 with central flue gas channels suspended from the first fixed plate 141, and a baffle plate 143 fixedly connected to the bottom of the latent heat storage units 142. The first fixed plate 141 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 100, and the baffle plate 143 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the housing 100. The size of the first fixed plate 141 is equal to the cross-sectional size of the vertical housing 100, and the size of the baffle plate 143 is equal to the cross-sectional size of the high-temperature zone of the vertical housing 100. One end of the latent heat storage unit 142 is suspended and fixed to the first fixed plate 141. Since the housing 100 is vertical, the latent heat storage unit 142 is vertically suspended, and the baffle plate 143 fixed at its bottom (the other end) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the housing 100, so the bottom of the latent heat storage unit is freely arranged.

[0067] It should be noted that the baffle 143 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the housing 100, and can slide up and down along the housing 100 while blocking air, which is a sealed sliding structure.

[0068] Both the first fixed plate 141 and the baffle plate 143 are provided with first flue gas through holes 144. The upper end of the flue gas passage of the latent heat storage unit 142 is connected to the first flue gas through hole 144 of the first fixed plate 141, and the lower end of the flue gas passage of the latent heat storage unit 142 is connected to the first flue gas through hole 144 of the baffle plate 143, so as to form a high-temperature flue gas passage 200. The space formed between the first fixed plate 141 and the baffle plate 143, the inner wall of the box 100, the heat insulation partition wall 110, and the outer wall of the latent heat storage unit 142 is a high-temperature air passage 220.

[0069] Preferably, the first flue gas through-hole 144 has the same cross-sectional size and shape as the latent heat storage unit 142.

[0070] It should be noted that the flue gas passage inside the housing 100, between the first fixed plate 141 and the baffle plate 143, is a high-temperature flue gas passage 200, while the external passage is a high-temperature air passage 220. The specifications of the first flue gas through-hole 144 are compatible with the specifications of the flue gas passage of the latent heat storage unit 142, which can prevent short circuits in the high-level flue gas passage.

[0071] In one embodiment, the solid-state sensible heat storage module includes a second fixed plate 151 that is horizontally fixed to the first fixed plate 141 and disposed at the top of the housing 100, a support plate 152 located at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber 130, and a plurality of solid-state sensible heat storage units 153 having porous flow channel structures 1532.

[0072] Specifically, the solid sensible heat storage unit is prefabricated or sintered from solid heat storage material. Solid heat storage materials with high thermal conductivity and high heat capacity, such as silicates and metal oxides, can be selected. Alternatively, it can be formed by encapsulating phase change heat storage material in a specially shaped metal container.

[0073] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is one of the schematic diagrams showing the assembly relationship of multiple solid-state sensible heat storage units 153 with porous flow channel structures 1532. Multiple solid-state sensible heat storage units 153 with porous flow channel structures 1532 are stacked face-up on a support plate 152. Each stack includes at least two solid-state sensible heat storage units 153, and the number of solid-state sensible heat storage units is equal in all stacks. A first gap 154 ​​exists between two adjacent solid-state sensible heat storage units 153 in the same stack. A second gap 155 is formed between the solid-state sensible heat storage unit 153 and the inner wall of the housing 100 and the thermal insulation partition 110. The first gap 154 ​​and the second gap 155 form a low-temperature air channel 230. The gap width can be determined according to the heat exchange and temperature of the flue gas and air during actual use.

[0074] A distance description is given for the aligned stacking of the solid sensible heat storage units 153. For example, there are three stacks, and each stack has 4 solid sensible heat storage units 153 arranged in a "field" shape. There are a total of 12 solid sensible heat storage units 153 in the three stacks.

[0075] It should be noted that the aligned stacking of the solid sensible heat storage units 153 means that the solid sensible heat storage units 153 are erected and installed by masonry. The joints between adjacent units are all horizontal joints (lying joints), and they are self-sealed under the weight of the upper solid heat storage units. Good airtightness can be ensured during long-term operation, effectively avoiding the mixing of flue gas and air. The cross-sections of the porous flow channels between the upper and lower solid sensible heat storage units 153 are arranged in alignment to avoid misalignment of the flow channels, which may cause dust particle accumulation. The joints are bonded and sealed with high-temperature mortar.

[0076] Both the second fixing plate 151 and the support plate 152 are provided with second flue gas through-holes 156 equal in number to the porous flow channel structures 1532 in each stack. The porous flow channel structures 1532 of the solid sensible heat storage units 153 between adjacent two stacks are connected. The porous flow channel structure 1532 of the solid sensible heat storage unit 153 at the uppermost stack is connected to the second flue gas through-hole 156 on the second fixing plate 151, and the porous flow channel structure 1532 of the solid sensible heat storage unit 153 at the lowermost end is connected to the second flue gas through-hole 156 on the support plate 152 to form a low-temperature flue gas channel 210.

[0077] It should be noted that the specifications of the second flue gas through-holes 156 are adapted to the specifications of the porous flow channel structures 1532 to avoid the situation of flow channel short-circuit, which may cause ash accumulation or uneven heat transfer.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, as Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 shown, Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the latent heat storage unit 142 in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is Figure 4 the AA-plane sectional view of Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly relationship between the inner sleeve 1421 and the outer sleeve 1422, Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the outer sleeve 1422, Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the inner sleeve 1421. The latent heat storage unit 142 includes an inner sleeve 1421, an outer sleeve 1422 sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve 1421, a T-shaped sealing end cap 1423 suspended and connected to the first fixing plate 141, and a bottom sealing end cap 1424. The inner sleeve 1421 and the outer sleeve 1422 have a gap and are of equal length. The annular cavity formed between the outer side of the inner sleeve 1421, the inner side of the outer sleeve 1422, the T-shaped sealing end cap 1423, and the bottom sealing end cap 1424 is a phase change heat storage material encapsulation cavity 1425. The inner side of the inner sleeve 1421 is provided with a flue gas side rib 1426, and the outer side of the outer sleeve 1422 is provided with an air side rib 1426.

[0079] The T-shaped sealing end cap 1423 and the bottom sealing end cap 1424 are used to ensure the overall sealing performance and prevent leakage of the heat storage material during operation.

[0080] Specifically, the fins 1426 can be in the form of straight fins, needle fins, or ring fins to increase the heat exchange area. Materials with high thermal conductivity are added to the phase change thermal storage material filling cavity to reduce the thermal resistance of the phase change thermal storage material and enhance heat exchange.

[0081] It should be noted that the latent heat storage unit 142 is fixed at one end and can extend and retract freely at the other end, which can solve the problems of thermal expansion displacement of the inner sleeve 1421 and the outer sleeve 1422 and other encapsulation shells, thus ensuring the safety of the structure.

[0082] like Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-state sensible thermal storage unit 153 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The solid-state sensible thermal storage unit 153 includes a cuboid body 1531, a plurality of porous flow channel structures 1532 arranged along the long axis of the body 1531, and shoulders 1533 symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of any two opposite sides of the body 1531.

[0083] like Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a porous flow channel structure 1532, which includes at least one of the following: a constant cross-section flow channel 1534, a gradually changing cross-section flow channel 1535, a gradually expanding and contracting coupled cross-section flow channel 1536, and a sawtooth cross-section flow channel 1537.

[0084] In one embodiment, the latent heat storage module further includes multiple baffles 145 for dividing the high-temperature airflow channel 200 into multiple high-temperature air sub-channels. Each baffle 145 is sealed and fitted onto the latent heat storage unit 142, and each baffle 145 has an air passage connecting the multiple high-temperature air sub-channels. The baffle 145 includes multiple mounting holes, each of which houses a latent heat storage unit 142.

[0085] It should be noted that, under the action of the baffle 145, the high-temperature air channel 220 is a serpentine channel.

[0086] The air passages between two adjacent baffles 145 are staggered. The air passage of one baffle 145 is located on the side of the baffle 145 closer to the housing 100, and the air passage of the other baffle 145 is located on the side of the baffle 145 closer to the thermal insulation partition 110.

[0087] It should be noted that the shape of the air vent is not specifically limited, but the air vents of two adjacent baffles 145 are located at different ends of the two baffles 145. Specifically, the width of the baffle 145 can be less than the length from the inner wall of the housing 100 to the insulation layer, then the gap formed between the baffle 145 and the inner wall of the housing 100 is the air passage.

[0088] The uppermost sub-channel is connected to the low-temperature air channel 230, while the lowermost high-temperature air sub-channel discharges heated air from the housing 100.

[0089] In this embodiment, the baffle 145 divides the high-temperature air heat exchange channel into multiple sub-channels, prolonging the air heat exchange process and avoiding the occurrence of airflow heat exchange dead zones.

[0090] like Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first irregular module 157 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment, the solid sensible heat storage module further includes the first irregular module 157 and the second irregular module 158 for dividing the low-temperature air channel 230 into multiple low-temperature air sub-channels. The shoulders 1533 of adjacent solid sensible heat storage units 153 in the same stack are connected by the first irregular module 157. The two adjacent second gaps are sealed. On the two sides of the solid sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer, every other stack, the shoulder 1533 of the outermost solid sensible heat storage unit is equipped with the second irregular module 158 that separates the upper and lower stacks. The second irregular modules 158 on the two sides of the solid sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer are staggered. The shoulder 1533 of the bottom stack near the box 100, located at the lower end of the main body 1531, is equipped with the second irregular module 158.

[0091] Multiple low-temperature air sub-channels are connected, and external low-temperature air enters the chamber 100 from the lowest low-temperature air sub-channel.

[0092] The flow channels of the solid sensible heat storage module adopt a diversified design, which can effectively disrupt the development of the boundary layer while expanding the heat exchange area and enhancing heat transfer.

[0093] In this embodiment, the low-temperature airflow channel is divided into multiple sub-channels by the first irregular module 157 and the second irregular module 158, which prolongs the air heat exchange process and avoids the occurrence of airflow heat exchange dead zones.

[0094] It should be noted that the multiple sub-channels ultimately form a serpentine cryogenic air channel.

[0095] In one embodiment, a third gap 108 is provided between the thermal insulation partition wall 110 and the first fixing plate 141, and the uppermost low-temperature air sub-channel and high-temperature air sub-channel are connected through the third gap 108.

[0096] The top of the vertical housing 100 is an arc-shaped top cover 160. Multiple arc-shaped baffles 170 are installed inside the top cover 160 to form multiple arc-shaped flue gas channels. These arc-shaped flue gas channels connect the high-temperature flue gas channel 200 and the low-temperature flue gas channel 210. These multiple arc-shaped flue gas channels are used to evenly distribute the redirected airflow, ensuring uniform airflow distribution within the solid-state sensible heat storage unit.

[0097] In one embodiment, the side wall of the housing 100 is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet 101, a high-temperature air outlet 102, a low-temperature air inlet 103, and a low-temperature flue gas outlet 104. The high-temperature flue gas inlet 101 is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber 120, the high-temperature air outlet 102 is connected to the high-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the latent heat storage module, the low-temperature flue gas outlet 104 is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber 130, and the low-temperature air inlet 103 is connected to the low-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the solid sensible heat storage module.

[0098] In one embodiment, a first ash removal assembly 105 is inserted into the bottom of the high-temperature settling chamber 120, and a second ash removal assembly 106 is inserted into the bottom of the low-temperature settling chamber 130. A baffle plate 107 is disposed inside the high-temperature settling chamber 120, and the angle between the baffle plate 107 and the insulation layer is α, where 30°≤α≤60°. Preferably, α is 45°.

[0099] It should be noted that the first ash removal component 105 and the second ash removal component 106 are used to periodically remove the ash accumulated in the settling chamber, and the baffle plate 107 is used to change the flow direction of the flue gas and to block and separate the dust particles. When the flue gas to be recovered and stored is relatively clean, the high and low temperature settling chamber 130, the baffle plate 107 and the ash removal device can be omitted.

[0100] In one specific embodiment, the heat storage condition of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device is as follows:

[0101] A large amount of high-temperature flue gas (containing dust) enters the high-temperature settling chamber 120 at the bottom of the device through the high-temperature flue gas inlet 101. Inside the high-temperature settling chamber 120, the flue gas velocity suddenly decreases, and the flue gas flows vertically upwards. Larger dust particles fall to the bottom of the settling chamber under gravity and are periodically removed by the first dust removal component 105. A baffle plate 107 is installed at the top of the settling chamber. Smaller dust particles collide with the baffle plate 107 and separate from the flue gas as it moves upwards. Finally, under the action of inertia and gravity, they undergo secondary separation and fall into the lower high-temperature settling chamber. Finally, carrying a small amount of dust-containing high-temperature flue gas, it continues to flow upwards into the inner sleeve area of ​​the latent heat storage unit 142. A large amount of high-temperature heat is transferred to the encapsulated phase change heat storage material via fins 1426. Within the annular cavity, the high-temperature flue gas undergoes primary cooling, while the phase change thermal storage material gradually heats up. After initial cooling, the high-temperature flue gas flows through the top guide plate 170 for uniform distribution and then continues through the porous channels of the solid sensible heat storage module unit for secondary cooling. During this process, the high-temperature flue gas flows vertically downward within the solid thermal storage unit channels, transferring its high-temperature heat to the low-temperature solid thermal storage material for storage. Finally, the low-temperature flue gas, after sufficient heat exchange and cooling, is discharged from the low-temperature flue gas outlet 104 at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber 130. Simultaneously, with heat exchange, the flue gas velocity gradually decreases along the flow direction, and dust particles carried in the flue gas fall vertically into the bottom settling chamber under gravity, where they are periodically removed by the second ash removal component 106. This two-stage cooling process enables deep recovery of the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas, reduces the exhaust temperature, and stores the recovered high-temperature flue gas heat in the thermal storage material in the form of latent and sensible heat.

[0102] In another specific embodiment, the heat dissipation condition of the high-efficiency thermal energy storage device is as follows:

[0103] Air enters the flow channel between two adjacent solid sensible heat storage units from the low-temperature air inlet. The air flows around the two heat exchange surfaces of the heat storage unit. During this process, the heat storage unit with a higher temperature gradually transfers heat to the outside air in the form of heat conduction. The air flows horizontally between the solid heat storage units and continuously obtains heat from the high-temperature solid heat storage material, causing its temperature to gradually rise. Finally, the high-temperature air heated by the first stage enters the air area outside the outer tube of the latent heat storage unit 142 for secondary heat exchange and reheating. During this process, the high-temperature heat stored by the phase change heat storage material is continuously transferred to the hot air. Finally, the high-temperature air heated by the second stage is discharged from the high-temperature air outlet 102 for user use.

[0104] The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device of the present invention has at least two operating modes. Mode one is a simultaneous heat storage and release mode, in which high-temperature flue gas and air to be preheated enter the device simultaneously. The waste heat recovered from the high-temperature flue gas is mainly used to preheat the low-temperature air, and the excess heat is stored in the latent heat storage unit 142 and the solid sensible heat storage unit. Mode two is a phased heat storage and release mode. In this mode, high-temperature flue gas first enters the device and stores its heat sequentially in the latent heat storage unit 142 and the solid sensible heat storage unit. The low-temperature flue gas, having completed heat recovery, is discharged from the outlet. During this process, the heat storage unit is heated. Then, low-temperature air enters from the air inlet and sequentially obtains heat from the solid sensible heat storage unit and the latent heat storage unit 142. The heated high-temperature air is discharged from the outlet, during which the heat storage unit is cooled. The device then sequentially enters a heating mode and a cooling mode. This mode allows for the transfer of waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas over time, thereby ensuring a continuous supply of high-temperature air to the outside.

[0105] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency thermal energy storage device, characterized in that, The device includes: A vertical enclosure (100) is provided inside, and an insulated partition wall (110) is provided inside the vertical enclosure (100) to vertically divide the interior of the vertical enclosure (100) into a high-temperature zone and a low-temperature zone. The high-temperature zone includes a latent heat storage module and a high-temperature settling chamber (120), and the low-temperature zone includes a solid sensible heat storage module and a low-temperature settling chamber (130). The latent heat storage module is located at the top of the high-temperature settling chamber (120), and the solid sensible heat storage module is located at the top of the low-temperature settling chamber (130). The flue gas passage includes a high-temperature flue gas passage (200) and a low-temperature flue gas passage (210) that are interconnected. An air passage, the air passage comprising a high-temperature air passage (220) and a low-temperature air passage (230) that are interconnected; The flue gas passage and the air passage are not connected to each other. The high-temperature flue gas passage (200) and the high-temperature air passage (220) are configured in the latent heat storage module. The low-temperature flue gas passage (210) and the low-temperature air passage (230) are configured in the solid sensible heat storage module. The high-temperature flue gas passage (200) is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber (120). The low-temperature flue gas passage (210) is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber (130). The high-temperature settling chamber (120) is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden high-temperature flue gas entering the high-temperature settling chamber (120) from the outside of the box (100); The latent heat storage module is used to: recover and store the waste heat of flue gas entering the high-temperature flue gas channel (200) from the high-temperature settling chamber (120) during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering from the low-temperature air channel (230). The low-temperature settling chamber (130) is used to separate and remove solid particles from the dust-laden low-temperature flue gas that enters from the low-temperature air channel (230) into the low-temperature settling chamber (130); The solid sensible heat storage module is used to: recover and store the waste heat of flue gas entering the low-temperature air channel (230) from the high-temperature flue gas channel (200) during heat storage operation; and release heat during heat release operation to heat the air entering from the low-temperature settling chamber (130). The latent heat storage module includes a first fixed plate (141) disposed at the top of the box (100), a plurality of latent heat storage units (142) with flue gas channels in the center suspended and connected to the first fixed plate (141), and a baffle plate (143) fixedly connected to the bottom of the latent heat storage unit (142). The first fixing plate (141) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box (100), and the baffle plate (143) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the box (100); The size of the first fixing plate (141) is equal to the cross-sectional size of the vertical box (100), and the size of the baffle plate (143) is equal to the cross-sectional size of the high-temperature zone of the vertical box (100). Both the first fixed plate (141) and the baffle plate (143) are provided with a first flue gas through hole (144). The upper end of the flue gas channel of the latent heat storage unit (142) is connected to the first flue gas through hole (144) of the first fixed plate (141), and the lower end of the flue gas channel of the latent heat storage unit (142) is connected to the first flue gas through hole (144) of the baffle plate (143) to form a high temperature flue gas channel (200). The space formed between the first fixed plate (141) and the baffle plate (143), the inner wall of the box (100), the heat insulation partition wall (110) and the outer wall of the latent heat storage unit (142) is a high-temperature air channel (220); The latent heat storage unit (142) includes an inner sleeve (1421), an outer sleeve (1422) sleeved on the outside of the inner sleeve (1421), a T-shaped sealing end cap (1423) suspended and connected to the first fixing plate (141), and a bottom sealing end cap (1424). The inner sleeve (1421) and the outer sleeve (1422) have a gap and are of equal length. The annular cavity formed between the outer side of the inner sleeve (1421), the inner side of the outer sleeve (1422), the T-shaped sealing end cap (1423), and the bottom sealing end cap (1424) is a phase change heat storage material encapsulation cavity (1425). The inner side of the inner sleeve (1421) is provided with a flue gas side rib (1426), and the outer side of the outer sleeve (1422) is provided with an air side rib (1426). The solid sensible heat storage module includes a second fixed plate (151) that is horizontally fixed to the first fixed plate (141) at the top of the box (100), a support plate (152) located at the top of the low temperature settling chamber (130), and a plurality of solid sensible heat storage units (153) with porous flow channel structures (1532). Multiple solid sensible heat storage units (153) with porous flow channel structures (1532) are stacked face-to-face on the support plate (152). Each stack includes at least two solid sensible heat storage units (153). The number of solid sensible heat storage units in all stacks is equal. There is a first gap (154) between two adjacent solid sensible heat storage units (153) in the same stack. The solid sensible heat storage units (153) form a second gap (155) with the inner wall of the box (100) and the heat insulation partition (110). The first gap (154) and the second gap (155) form a low temperature air channel (230). The second fixing plate (151) and the support plate (152) are both provided with a second flue gas through hole (156) equal in number to the porous flow channel structure (1532) in each stack. The porous flow channel structure (1532) of the solid sensible heat storage unit (153) between two adjacent stacks is connected. The porous flow channel structure (1532) of the solid sensible heat storage unit (153) located at the uppermost stack is connected to the second flue gas through hole (156) on the second fixing plate (151). The porous flow channel structure (1532) of the solid sensible heat storage unit (153) located at the lowermost stack is connected to the second flue gas through hole (156) on the support plate (152) to form a low temperature flue gas channel (210).

2. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The solid-state sensible heat storage unit (153) includes a cuboid body (1531), a plurality of porous flow channel structures (1532) arranged along the long axis of the body (1531), and shoulders (1533) symmetrically arranged at the upper and lower ends of any two opposite sides of the body (1531). The porous flow channel structure (1532) includes at least one of the following: a constant cross-section flow channel (1534), a gradually changing cross-section flow channel (1535), a gradually expanding and contracting coupled cross-section flow channel (1536), and a sawtooth cross-section flow channel (1537).

3. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The latent heat storage module also includes multiple baffles (145) for dividing the high-temperature air flow channel 200 into multiple high-temperature air sub-channels. The multiple baffles (145) are all sealed and sleeved on the latent heat storage unit (142). Each baffle (145) is provided with an air passage that connects the multiple high-temperature air sub-channels. The air passages between two adjacent baffles (145) are staggered. The air passage of one baffle (145) is located on the side of the baffle (145) closer to the box (100), and the air passage of the other baffle (145) is located on the side of the baffle (145) closer to the thermal insulation partition (110). The uppermost sub-channel is connected to the low-temperature air channel (230), and the lowermost high-temperature air sub-channel discharges heated air out of the chamber (100).

4. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solid sensible heat storage module also includes a first irregular module (157) and a second irregular module (158) for dividing the low-temperature air channel (230) into multiple low-temperature air sub-channels. The shoulders (1533) of adjacent solid sensible heat storage units (153) in the same stack are connected by the first irregular module (157), and the two adjacent second gaps are sealed. On the two sides of the solid sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer, every other stack, the shoulder (1533) of the outermost solid sensible heat storage unit is equipped with a second irregular module (158) that separates the upper and lower stacks. The second irregular modules (158) on the two sides of the solid sensible heat storage module perpendicular to the insulation layer are staggered. The shoulder (1533) of the bottom stack near the box (100) at the lower end of the main body (1531) is equipped with a second irregular module (158). Multiple low-temperature air sub-channels are connected, and external low-temperature air enters the chamber (100) from the lowest low-temperature air sub-channel.

5. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, A third gap (108) is provided between the thermal insulation partition wall (110) and the first fixing plate (141), and the uppermost low temperature air sub-channel and high temperature air sub-channel are connected through the third gap (108); The top of the vertical box (100) is an arc-shaped top cover (160). Multiple arc-shaped guide plates (170) are provided on the inner side of the top cover (160) to form multiple arc-shaped flue gas channels. The arc-shaped flue gas channels are connected between the high-temperature flue gas channel (200) and the low-temperature flue gas channel (210).

6. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The side wall of the housing (100) is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet (101), a high-temperature air outlet (102), a low-temperature air inlet (103), and a low-temperature flue gas outlet (104). The high-temperature flue gas inlet (101) is connected to the high-temperature settling chamber (120), the high-temperature air outlet (102) is connected to the high-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the latent heat storage module, the low-temperature flue gas outlet (104) is connected to the low-temperature settling chamber (130), and the low-temperature air inlet (103) is connected to the low-temperature air sub-channel at the bottom of the solid sensible heat storage module.

7. The high-efficiency thermal energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of the high-temperature settling chamber (120) is provided with a first ash removal assembly (105), and the bottom of the low-temperature settling chamber (130) is provided with a second ash removal assembly (106). The high-temperature settling chamber (120) is equipped with a flow baffle (107), and the angle between the flow baffle (107) and the heat insulation layer is α, where 30°≤α≤60°.

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