A system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, comprising: photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly structure is used for disassembling the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box; calcined parts, the calcined parts are used for calcining the photovoltaic panel after the outer frame and power box are disassembled so that the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel can be cracked and peeled off to obtain battery cells; battery cell metal extraction equipment, the battery cell metal extraction equipment is used for extracting the metal covering the surface of the photovoltaic battery cell; in this way, not only the outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film, backboard, etc. of the photovoltaic panel can be completely peeled off and removed, but also during the extraction process, the extracting liquid reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell with high reaction efficiency, and the disassembly does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, thereby efficiently realizing photovoltaic resource recycling and utilization, improving the photovoltaic resource recycling and reuse rate, and being environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panel recycling, and in particular to a system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic panels, made up of multiple solar cells connected in series and parallel and packaged together, are the core component of a solar power station. The structure of a photovoltaic panel includes: an outer frame, a power supply box, encapsulating glass, EVA film, solar cells, and a backsheet.

[0003] The lifespan of photovoltaic panels is approximately 25 years, and a large-scale recycling wave of photovoltaic panels is coming. According to relevant environmental protection policies, photovoltaic panels need to be harmlessly treated and recycled as resources. The most valuable part of photovoltaic panels is the cell. However, in order to preserve the complete structure of the cell, the outer frame, power box, encapsulation glass, EVA film, backplane, etc. of the photovoltaic panel need to be completely peeled off. After all the peeling, the silicon of the cell body is obtained. After all the peeling, the surface of the cell is covered with metals such as Al and Ag. The recycled cell also needs to extract the metal covering its surface. However, the existing recycling and reuse of scrapped photovoltaic panels has the following technical problems:

[0004] 1) Existing systems are unable to completely remove the photovoltaic panel's outer frame, power box, encapsulation glass, EVA film, backsheet, etc., and manual intervention is required during the complete disassembly of the photovoltaic panel's outer frame and power box. This makes it difficult to disassemble the photovoltaic panel's outer frame and power box efficiently. There is also a risk of damaging the solar cells during disassembly, which reduces the recycling rate of photovoltaic resources. Improper handling of damaged solar cells can also pollute the ecological environment.

[0005] 2) The existing extraction of metals covering the surface of solar cells will destroy the main structure of the solar silicon wafers. In addition, during the extraction process, the reaction between the extracting liquid and the metal covering the surface of the solar cells is incomplete and the reaction efficiency is low. There is a risk that the extracted solar cells will be unqualified for recycling, which reduces the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources. If the recycled unqualified solar cells are not handled properly, it will also cause pollution to the ecological environment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, which can not only realize the complete stripping and removal of the photovoltaic panel's outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film and backboard, but also during the extraction process, the extracting liquid reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell and the reaction efficiency is high. The removal does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, thereby efficiently realizing the resource recycling of photovoltaics, improving the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources, and being environmentally friendly.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, comprising:

[0009] Photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly structure is used to disassemble the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box;

[0010] A calcined piece, which is used to calcine the photovoltaic panel after the outer frame and the power box are disassembled so that the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel can be cracked and peeled off to obtain a battery cell;

[0011] The device for extracting metal from a cell is used to extract the metal covering the surface of a photovoltaic cell.

[0012] The present invention provides a system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, which can not only realize the complete stripping and removal of the outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film and backboard of the photovoltaic panel, but also in the extraction process, the extraction liquid reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell with high reaction efficiency, and the removal does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, thereby efficiently realizing the resource recycling of photovoltaics, improving the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources, and being environmentally friendly.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution, the equipment for extracting metal from the photovoltaic cell includes: an ultrasonic trough, one end of the ultrasonic trough is connected to an ultrasonic trough cover body, a first ultrasonic oscillator is provided in the ultrasonic trough cover body, and a second ultrasonic oscillator is provided in the other end of the ultrasonic trough, the first ultrasonic oscillator corresponds to the second ultrasonic oscillator and cooperates with each other to perform ultrasonic extraction of the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

[0014] As an optimal technical solution, a cover opening handle is connected to one side of the ultrasonic trough cover body, and a micro-pressure sealing protrusion is provided on the other side of the ultrasonic trough cover body. The ultrasonic trough is micro-pressure sealed with the ultrasonic trough cover body through the micro-pressure sealing protrusion. A heating element is also provided in the other end of the ultrasonic trough. A liquid inlet pipe is connected to one side wall of the ultrasonic trough, and a liquid outlet pipe is connected to the other side wall of the ultrasonic trough.

[0015] As an optimal technical solution, a built-in grid is provided inside the ultrasonic tank, and an array of acid solution inlet and outlet holes are provided on the side walls and one end of the built-in grid. Photovoltaic cells to be used for metal extraction are provided inside the built-in grid.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: a conveyor belt assembly, the outer frame disassembly assembly and the power box disassembly assembly are respectively arranged corresponding to the conveyor belt assembly, and the conveyor belt assembly is used to sequentially convey the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly and the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: an outer frame disassembly component, the outer frame disassembly component is used to disassemble the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, the outer frame disassembly component includes: a first mounting frame, the side of the first mounting frame is connected to the side of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face of the first mounting frame is connected to the first photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a first connecting piece, the end face of the first mounting frame is connected to the second photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a second connecting piece, the first photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame and the second photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame are arranged opposite to each other; the first photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame has a first hydraulic rod and a second hydraulic rod arranged opposite to each other at both ends, one end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the first photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame, and the other end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to The first gripper is connected, one end of the second hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the first photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame, the other end of the second hydraulic rod is connected to the second gripper, and a third hydraulic rod and a fourth hydraulic rod are provided at both ends of the second photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame opposite to each other, one end of the third hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the second photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame, the other end of the third hydraulic rod is connected to the third gripper, one end of the fourth hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the second photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame, and the other end of the fourth hydraulic rod is connected to the fourth gripper; a cutter head mounting frame is connected between the sides of the first mounting frame, and the four corner ends of the cutter head mounting frame are respectively connected to one end of the first horizontal motion hydraulic rod, and the other end of the first horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the triangular cutter head.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: a power box disassembly component, the power box disassembly component is used to disassemble the power box of the photovoltaic panel, the power box disassembly component includes: a second mounting frame, the side of the second mounting frame is connected to the side of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face of the second mounting frame is connected to the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a third connecting piece, the end face of the second mounting frame is connected to the fourth photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a fourth connecting piece, the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame and the fourth photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame are arranged opposite to each other; the fifth hydraulic rod and the sixth hydraulic rod are arranged opposite to each other at both ends of the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame, one end of the fifth hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame, the other end of the fifth hydraulic rod is connected to the fifth gripper, the first One end of the sixth hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the sixth hydraulic rod is connected to the sixth grabber; the seventh hydraulic rod and the eighth hydraulic rod are oppositely provided at both ends of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, one end of the seventh hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the seventh hydraulic rod is connected to the seventh grabber, one end of the eighth hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the eighth hydraulic rod is connected to the eighth grabber; a hot cutting knife mounting frame is connected between the sides of the second mounting frame, and the hot cutting knife mounting frame is connected to the middle part of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod, one end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the first hot cutting knife, and the other end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the second hot cutting knife.

[0019] The present invention provides a method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1 places the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly;

[0021] S2 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the outer frame disassembly assembly removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled;

[0022] S3 conveys the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed to the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the power box disassembly assembly removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel;

[0023] S4: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is conveyed to the calcination part through the conveyor belt assembly, and the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is placed in the calcination part for calcination at 450° to 550° to achieve the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel to be cracked and peeled off to obtain photovoltaic cell sheets;

[0024] S5 places photovoltaic cells on a built-in grid and uses extraction liquid to ultrasonically extract the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cells.

[0025] The present invention also provides a method for disassembling an outer frame and a power box of a photovoltaic panel, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1 places the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly;

[0027] S2 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the outer frame disassembly assembly removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled;

[0028] S3 continues to convey the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed to the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the power box disassembly assembly removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution, step S2 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly. The outer frame disassembly assembly removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, specifically including the following steps:

[0030] S201 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly. When the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled reaches the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly, the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper move in the direction away from the first mounting rack under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rod, the second hydraulic rod, the third hydraulic rod and the fourth hydraulic rod until the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled. When the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper move in the direction close to the first mounting rack under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rod, the second hydraulic rod, the third hydraulic rod and the fourth hydraulic rod until the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled contacts the triangular cutter head, and the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper stop moving;

[0031] S202 The triangular cutter head moves from the initial position toward the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the four corners of the outer frame under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod until the triangular cutter head pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame. After the triangular cutter head pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the triangular cutter head moves from the position of pushing open the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the initial position under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod;

[0032] Step S3: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed is further conveyed to the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly. The power box disassembly assembly removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0033] S301 When the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed reaches below the power box disassembly assembly, the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper move in a direction away from the second mounting bracket under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods, the sixth hydraulic rods, the seventh hydraulic rods and the eighth hydraulic rods until the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed and grab the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed, and the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper move in a direction close to the second mounting bracket under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods, the sixth hydraulic rods, the seventh hydraulic rods and the eighth hydraulic rods until the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed contacts the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife, and the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper stop moving;

[0034] S302 The first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife move from the initial position toward the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed under the action of their corresponding second horizontal motion hydraulic rod until they reach the glue layer between the power box and the back panel of the photovoltaic panel, and the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife soften the glue between the power box and the back panel so that the power box is separated from the back panel; after the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife remove the power box of the photovoltaic panel, the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife move from the glue layer between the power box and the back panel of the photovoltaic panel to the initial position under the action of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod.

[0035] As a preferred technical solution, in step S5, the photovoltaic cell is placed in the built-in grid, and the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell is ultrasonically extracted using an extraction liquid, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0036] S501: Place the photovoltaic cells in the built-in grid, add hydrochloric acid dilution into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe, and the hydrochloric acid dilution should cover the height of the cells. The pH value of the hydrochloric acid dilution should be 2-6, and the temperature of the hydrochloric acid dilution should be 20-60°C.

[0037] S502 starts the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator to perform the first ultrasonic oscillation, the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 min - 120 min;

[0038] At step S503, after the first ultrasonic oscillation, the solution after the first ultrasonic oscillation is recovered through the liquid outlet pipe and named as extract A. Water is introduced into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning. The cleaned liquid is then collected into extract A through the liquid outlet pipe.

[0039] Add NaOH solution to extract A until Al ions in the solution are completely precipitated, and then recover Al(OH)3 by filtration, washing, and drying;

[0040] S504: Add concentrated nitric acid solution into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe. The concentrated nitric acid solution covers the height of the battery cells. The pH value of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 2-6, and the temperature of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 20-60°C.

[0041] S505: Start the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator to perform a second ultrasonic oscillation, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 min - 120 min;

[0042] S506 The second ultrasonic oscillation is completed, and the solution after the second ultrasonic oscillation is recovered through the liquid outlet pipe and named as extract B. Water is introduced into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning, and the cleaned liquid is collected into extract B through the liquid outlet pipe;

[0043] A saturated NaCl solution was added to the extract B until the Ag ions in the solution were completely precipitated, and the AgCl was recovered after filtration, washing, and drying.

[0044] The present invention provides a system and method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, which can not only realize the complete stripping and removal of the outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film, backboard, etc. of the photovoltaic panel, but also in the extraction process, the extraction liquid reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell with high reaction efficiency, and the removal does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, thereby efficiently realizing the resource recycling and utilization of photovoltaics, improving the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources, and being environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 A flow chart of a system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a device for disassembling the outer frame and power box of a photovoltaic panel in a system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the outer frame disassembly components of the outer frame and power box disassembly device provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the power box disassembly components in the outer frame and power box disassembly device provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 A partial structural diagram of a photovoltaic panel to be disassembled provided by the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the battery sheet metal extraction equipment provided by the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7A structural diagram of the ultrasonic slot cover body in the battery sheet metal extraction equipment provided by the present invention;

[0052] Among them, 1- conveyor belt assembly; 2- outer frame disassembly assembly; 3- triangular cutter head; 4- first mounting bracket; 5- side of the first mounting bracket; 6- side of the conveyor belt assembly; 7- end face of the first mounting bracket; 8- first connecting piece; 9- first photovoltaic panel gripper mounting bracket; 10- second connecting piece; 11- second photovoltaic panel gripper mounting bracket; 12- first hydraulic rod; 13- first gripper; 14- second hydraulic rod; 15- third hydraulic rod; 16- third gripper; 17- fourth hydraulic rod; 18- fourth gripper; 19- power box disassembly assembly; 20- second mounting bracket; 21- side of the second mounting bracket; 22- end face of the second mounting bracket; 23- third connecting piece; 24- third photovoltaic panel gripper mounting bracket; 25- fourth connecting piece; 26- fourth photovoltaic panel gripper Hand mounting frame; 27-fifth hydraulic rod; 28-fifth gripper; 29-sixth hydraulic rod; 30-seventh hydraulic rod; 31-seventh gripper; 32-eighth hydraulic rod; 33-eighth gripper; 34-thermal cutting knife mounting frame; 35-second horizontal motion hydraulic rod; 36-first thermal cutting knife; 37-second thermal cutting knife; 38-outer frame of photovoltaic panel; 39-first backboard; 40-first EVA film; 41-battery cell; 42-second EVA film; 43-glass plate; 45-cutter head mounting frame; 46-first horizontal motion hydraulic rod; 47-ultrasonic tank; 48-ultrasonic tank cover body; 49-cover opening handle; 50-liquid inlet pipe; 51-liquid outlet pipe; 52-built-in grid; 53-acid solution inlet and outlet through hole; 54-micro-pressure sealing protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] It can be understood that the present invention achieves the purpose of the present invention through some embodiments.

[0055] The present invention provides a system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, comprising:

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly structure is used to disassemble the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box;

[0057] The photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: an outer frame disassembly component 2, such as Figure 2As shown, the outer frame disassembly component 2 is used to disassemble the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, and the outer frame disassembly component 2 includes: a first mounting frame 4, the side surface 5 of the first mounting frame is connected to the side surface 6 of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face 7 of the first mounting frame is connected to the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 9 through a first connecting piece 8, the end face 7 of the first mounting frame is connected to the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 11 through a second connecting piece 10, and the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 9 and the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 11 are arranged opposite to each other; the two ends of the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 9 are oppositely provided with a first hydraulic rod 12 and a second hydraulic rod 14, one end of the first hydraulic rod 12 is connected to one end portion of the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 9, the other end of the first hydraulic rod 12 is connected to the first gripper 13, and one end of the second hydraulic rod 14 is connected to the first The other end of a photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 9 is connected, the other end of the second hydraulic rod 14 is connected to the second gripper (not shown), and the two ends of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 11 are oppositely provided with a third hydraulic rod 15 and a fourth hydraulic rod 17, one end of the third hydraulic rod 15 is connected to one end of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 11, and the other end of the third hydraulic rod 15 is connected to the third gripper 16, one end of the fourth hydraulic rod 17 is connected to the other end of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 11, and the other end of the fourth hydraulic rod 17 is connected to the fourth gripper 18; a cutter head mounting frame 45 is connected between the side faces 5 of the first mounting frame, and the four corner ends of the cutter head mounting frame 45 are respectively connected to one end of a first horizontal motion hydraulic rod 46, and the other end of the first horizontal motion hydraulic rod 46 is connected to the triangular cutter head 3;

[0058] The photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: a power box disassembly component 19, such as Figure 3As shown, the power box disassembly component 19 is used to disassemble the power box of the photovoltaic panel, and the power box disassembly component 19 includes: a second mounting frame 20, the side 21 of the second mounting frame is connected to the side 6 of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face 22 of the second mounting frame is connected to the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 24 through a third connecting member 23, the end face 22 of the second mounting frame is connected to the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 26 through a fourth connecting member 25, the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 24 and the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 26 are arranged opposite to each other; the two ends of the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 24 are oppositely provided with a fifth hydraulic rod 27 and a sixth hydraulic rod 29, one end of the fifth hydraulic rod 27 is connected to one end portion of the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 24, the other end of the fifth hydraulic rod 27 is connected to the fifth gripper 28, and one end of the sixth hydraulic rod 29 is connected to the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame 24 is connected, and the other end of the sixth hydraulic rod 29 is connected to the sixth gripper (not shown); a seventh hydraulic rod 30 and an eighth hydraulic rod 32 are oppositely provided at both ends of the fourth photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame 26, one end of the seventh hydraulic rod 30 is connected to one end of the fourth photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame 26, and the other end of the seventh hydraulic rod 30 is connected to the seventh gripper 31, one end of the eighth hydraulic rod 32 is connected to the other end of the fourth photovoltaic panel gripper mounting frame 26, and the other end of the eighth hydraulic rod 32 is connected to the eighth gripper 33; a hot cutting knife mounting frame 34 is connected between the side faces 21 of the second mounting frame, and the hot cutting knife mounting frame 34 is connected to the middle part of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod 35, one end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod 35 is connected to the first hot cutting knife 36, and the other end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod 35 is connected to the second hot cutting knife 37;

[0059] A calcining piece (not shown), which is used to calcine the photovoltaic panel after the outer frame and the power box are disassembled so as to crack and peel off the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel to obtain the battery cell 41;

[0060] Equipment for extracting battery metals, such as Figure 5-6As shown, the cell metal extraction equipment is used to extract the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell; the cell metal extraction equipment includes: an ultrasonic tank 47, one end of the ultrasonic tank 47 is connected to an ultrasonic tank cover body 48, a first ultrasonic oscillator (not shown) is provided in the ultrasonic tank cover body 48, and a second ultrasonic oscillator (not shown) is provided in the other end of the ultrasonic tank 47, the first ultrasonic oscillator (not shown) corresponds to the second ultrasonic oscillator (not shown) and cooperates with each other to perform ultrasonic extraction on the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell; a cover opening handle 49 is connected to one side of the ultrasonic tank cover body 48, and a cover opening handle 49 is provided on the other side of the ultrasonic tank cover body 48 There is a micro-pressure sealing protrusion 54, the ultrasonic tank 47 is micro-pressure sealed with the ultrasonic tank cover body 48 through the micro-pressure sealing protrusion 54, and a heating element (not shown) is further provided in the other end of the ultrasonic tank 47. A liquid inlet pipe 50 is connected to one side wall of the ultrasonic tank 47, and a liquid outlet pipe 51 is connected to the other side wall of the ultrasonic tank 47; a liquid inlet valve is provided on the liquid inlet pipe 50, and a PLC controller is electrically connected to the liquid inlet valve, and the PLC controller is used to control the opening or closing of the liquid inlet valve; a liquid outlet valve is provided on the liquid outlet pipe 51, and a PLC controller is electrically connected to the liquid outlet valve, and the PLC controller is used to control the opening or closing of the liquid outlet valve; a liquid outlet valve is provided on the liquid outlet pipe 51, and a PLC controller is electrically connected to the liquid outlet valve, and the PLC controller is used to control the opening or closing of the liquid outlet valve; the ultrasonic tank 47 is provided with a liquid outlet valve inside. An internal grid 52 is provided, and an array of acid solution inlet and outlet holes 53 are provided on the side walls and one end of the internal grid 52. A photovoltaic cell to be extracted for metal is provided in the internal grid 52. A raising foot is provided between the internal grid 52 and the other end of the ultrasonic tank 47. The raising foot is connected to the four corners of the internal grid 52. The setting of the raising foot avoids direct contact between the photovoltaic cell and the ultrasonic tank 47. The contact surface of the photovoltaic cell to be extracted for metal is a curved surface structure. The design of the curved surface structure facilitates the rapid outflow of the extraction liquid without liquid accumulation. The main material of the ultrasonic tank is preferably 316 steel structure, and the interior of the ultrasonic tank 47 is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene material. The inner walls of the liquid inlet pipe 50 and the inner walls of the liquid outlet pipe 51 are both covered with polytetrafluoroethylene material. The main material of the ultrasonic tank cover body 48 is preferably a 316 steel structure. The parts of the ultrasonic tank cover body 48 that contact the ultrasonic tank 47 are both covered with polytetrafluoroethylene material. The setting of the polytetrafluoroethylene material can reduce corrosion; this not only can achieve the complete stripping and removal of the photovoltaic panel's outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film and backboard, but also in the extraction process, the extract reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell and the reaction efficiency is high, and the removal does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, effectively realizing the resource recycling and utilization of photovoltaics, improving the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources, and being environmentally friendly.

[0061] like Figure 4As shown, the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel is made of four frames spliced together and welded at four corners. Due to the unique structure of the photovoltaic panel, we only need to open the welding points at the four corners of the outer frame, and the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel will automatically fall off, and the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel can also be recycled.

[0062] The present invention provides a method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, comprising the following steps:

[0063] S1 places the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly 1;

[0064] S2 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly 2 through the conveyor belt assembly 1. The outer frame disassembly assembly 2 removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0065] S201 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly 2 through the conveyor belt assembly 1. When the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled reaches the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly 2, the first gripper 13, the second gripper (not shown), the third gripper 16 and the fourth gripper 18 move in a direction away from the first mounting frame 4 under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rod 12, the second hydraulic rod 14, the third hydraulic rod 15 and the fourth hydraulic rod 17 until the first gripper 13, the second gripper (not shown), the third gripper 16 and the fourth gripper 18 contact the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled When the first gripper 13, the second gripper (not shown), the third gripper 16 and the fourth gripper 18 contact and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the first gripper 13, the second gripper (not shown), the third gripper 16 and the fourth gripper 18 move toward the first mounting frame 4 under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rods 12, the second hydraulic rod 14, the third hydraulic rod 15 and the fourth hydraulic rod 17 until the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled contacts the triangular cutter head, and the first gripper 13, the second gripper (not shown), the third gripper 16 and the fourth gripper 18 stop moving;

[0066] S202 The triangular cutter head 3 is moved from the initial position toward the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the four corners of the outer frame under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod 46 until the triangular cutter head 3 pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame. After the triangular cutter head 3 pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the triangular cutter head 3 is moved from the position of pushing open the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the initial position under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod 46;

[0067] S3: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed is further conveyed to the bottom of the power box disassembly component 19 through the conveyor belt component 1. The power box disassembly component 19 removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0068] S301 When the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed reaches below the power box disassembly assembly 19, the fifth gripper 28, the sixth gripper (not shown), the seventh gripper 31 and the eighth gripper 33 move in a direction away from the second mounting frame 20 under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods 27, the sixth hydraulic rod 29, the seventh hydraulic rod 30 and the eighth hydraulic rod 32 until the fifth gripper 28, the sixth gripper (not shown), the seventh gripper 31 and the eighth gripper 33 contact the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed and grab the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed, and the fifth gripper 28, the sixth gripper (not shown), the seventh gripper 31 and the eighth gripper 33 move in a direction close to the second mounting frame 20 under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods 27, the sixth hydraulic rod 29, the seventh hydraulic rod 30 and the eighth hydraulic rod 32 until the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed contacts the first thermal cutting knife 36 and the second thermal cutting knife 37, and the fifth gripper 28, the sixth gripper (not shown), the seventh gripper 31 and the eighth gripper 33 stop moving;

[0069] S302 The first thermal cutting knife 36 and the second thermal cutting knife 37 are moved from the initial position toward the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed under the action of their corresponding second horizontal motion hydraulic rods 35 until they reach the glue layer between the power box and the back plate of the photovoltaic panel, and the first thermal cutting knife 36 and the second thermal cutting knife 37 soften the glue between the power box and the back plate so that the power box and the back plate are separated; after the first thermal cutting knife 36 and the second thermal cutting knife 37 remove the power box of the photovoltaic panel, the first thermal cutting knife 36 and the second thermal cutting knife 37 are moved from the glue layer between the power box and the back plate of the photovoltaic panel to the initial position under the action of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod 35;

[0070] S4: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is conveyed to the calcination part through the conveyor belt assembly 1, and the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is placed in the calcination part for calcination at 450° to 550° to achieve the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel to be cracked and peeled off to obtain photovoltaic cell sheets;

[0071] S5 places the photovoltaic cell on the built-in grid 52, and uses an extraction liquid to ultrasonically extract the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell, specifically including the following steps:

[0072] S501: Place the photovoltaic cell on the built-in grid 52. The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid inlet valve. Add hydrochloric acid dilution to the ultrasonic tank 47 through the liquid inlet pipe 50. The hydrochloric acid dilution is higher than the height of the cell. The PLC controller controls the closing of the liquid inlet valve. The pH of the hydrochloric acid dilution is 2-6, and the temperature of the hydrochloric acid dilution is 20-60°C.

[0073] S502 starts the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator, the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 min - 120 min;

[0074] At step S503, after the first ultrasonic oscillation is completed, the PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid outlet valve to recover the solution after the first ultrasonic oscillation through the liquid outlet pipe 51, which is named as the extraction liquid A. The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid inlet valve to introduce water into the ultrasonic tank 47 through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning. The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid outlet valve to allow the cleaned liquid to flow into the extraction liquid A through the liquid outlet pipe.

[0075] Add NaOH solution to extract A until Al ions in the solution are completely precipitated, and then filter, wash, and dry to recover Al(OH)3;

[0076] S504 The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid inlet valve and adds concentrated nitric acid solution into the ultrasonic tank 47 through the liquid inlet pipe 50. The concentrated nitric acid solution is submerged above the height of the battery cells. The PLC controller controls the closing of the liquid inlet valve. The pH of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 2-6, and the temperature of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 20-60°C.

[0077] S505: Start the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator, the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 min - 120 min;

[0078] At step S506, after the second ultrasonic oscillation is completed, the PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid outlet valve to recover the solution after the second ultrasonic oscillation through the liquid outlet pipe, which is named as extract B. The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid inlet valve to allow water to be introduced into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning. The PLC controller controls the opening of the liquid outlet valve to allow the cleaned liquid to flow into extract B through the liquid outlet pipe.

[0079] A saturated NaCl solution is added to the extract B until Ag ions in the solution are completely precipitated, and AgCl is recovered after filtration, washing, and drying. In this way, not only can the outer frame, power box, packaging glass, EVA film, backboard, etc. of the photovoltaic panel be completely peeled off and removed, but also during the extraction process, the extract reacts completely with the metal covering the surface of the battery cell with high reaction efficiency, and the removal does not damage the battery cell and the main structure of the battery silicon wafer, thereby efficiently realizing the resource recycling and utilization of photovoltaics, improving the recycling and reuse rate of photovoltaic resources, and being environmentally friendly.

[0080] It will be appreciated that the present invention is described by way of some embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application may be modified or equivalent substitutions may be made. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment, the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly structure is used to disassemble the photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box; A calcined piece, which is used to calcine the photovoltaic panel after the outer frame and the power box are disassembled so that the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel can be cracked and peeled off to obtain a battery cell; Cell metal extraction equipment, which is used to extract the metal covered on the surface of photovoltaic cells; The photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: an outer frame disassembly component, the outer frame disassembly component is used to disassemble the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel, the outer frame disassembly component includes: a first mounting frame, the side of the first mounting frame is connected to the side of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face of the first mounting frame is connected to the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame through a first connecting piece, the end face of the first mounting frame is connected to the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame through a second connecting piece, the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame and the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame are arranged opposite to each other; the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame is provided with a first hydraulic rod and a second hydraulic rod at both ends, one end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to one end portion of the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to the first grabber Then, one end of the second hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the first photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the second hydraulic rod is connected to the second grabber. A third hydraulic rod and a fourth hydraulic rod are provided at both ends of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame opposite to each other, one end of the third hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the third hydraulic rod is connected to the third grabber, one end of the fourth hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the second photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the fourth hydraulic rod is connected to the fourth grabber; a cutter head mounting frame is connected between the sides of the first mounting frame, and the four corner ends of the cutter head mounting frame are respectively connected to one end of the first horizontal motion hydraulic rod, and the other end of the first horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the triangular cutter head.

2. The photovoltaic panel resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment for extracting metal from the photovoltaic cell includes: an ultrasonic trough, one end of the ultrasonic trough is connected to an ultrasonic trough cover body, a first ultrasonic oscillator is provided in the ultrasonic trough cover body, and a second ultrasonic oscillator is provided in the other end of the ultrasonic trough, the first ultrasonic oscillator corresponds to the second ultrasonic oscillator and cooperates with each other to perform ultrasonic extraction of the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

3. The photovoltaic panel resource utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A lid opening handle is connected to one side of the ultrasonic tank cover body, and a micro-pressure sealing protrusion is provided on the other side of the ultrasonic tank cover body. The ultrasonic tank is micro-pressure-sealed to the ultrasonic tank cover body through the micro-pressure sealing protrusion. A heating element is also provided in the other end of the ultrasonic tank. A liquid inlet pipe is connected to one side wall of the ultrasonic tank, and a liquid outlet pipe is connected to the other side wall of the ultrasonic tank.

4. The photovoltaic panel resource utilization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A built-in grid is provided inside the ultrasonic tank. An array of acid solution inlet and outlet holes are provided on the sidewall and one end of the built-in grid. Photovoltaic cells to be used for metal extraction are provided inside the built-in grid.

5. The photovoltaic panel resource utilization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: a conveyor belt assembly, the outer frame disassembly assembly and the power box disassembly assembly are respectively arranged corresponding to the conveyor belt assembly, and the conveyor belt assembly is used to sequentially convey the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly and the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly.

6. The photovoltaic panel resource utilization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel outer frame and power box disassembly equipment includes: a power box disassembly component, the power box disassembly component is used to disassemble the power box of the photovoltaic panel, the power box disassembly component includes: a second mounting frame, the side of the second mounting frame is connected to the side of the conveyor belt assembly, the end face of the second mounting frame is connected to the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a third connecting piece, the end face of the second mounting frame is connected to the fourth photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame through a fourth connecting piece, the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame and the fourth photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame are arranged oppositely; the two ends of the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame are oppositely provided with a fifth hydraulic rod and a sixth hydraulic rod, one end of the fifth hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the third photovoltaic panel grab mounting frame, the other end of the fifth hydraulic rod is connected to the fifth gripper, and the sixth hydraulic rod One end is connected to the other end of the third photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the sixth hydraulic rod is connected to the sixth gripper; the seventh hydraulic rod and the eighth hydraulic rod are oppositely provided at both ends of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, one end of the seventh hydraulic rod is connected to one end of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, the other end of the seventh hydraulic rod is connected to the seventh gripper, one end of the eighth hydraulic rod is connected to the other end of the fourth photovoltaic panel grabber mounting frame, and the other end of the eighth hydraulic rod is connected to the eighth gripper; a hot cutting knife mounting frame is connected between the sides of the second mounting frame, the hot cutting knife mounting frame is connected to the middle part of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod, one end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the first hot cutting knife, and the other end of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod is connected to the second hot cutting knife.

7. A method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels, characterized in that: The system for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels according to any one of claims 1 to 6 comprises the following steps: S1 places the photovoltaic panels to be disassembled on the conveyor belt assembly; S2 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the outer frame disassembly assembly removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled; S3 conveys the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed to the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly, and the power box disassembly assembly removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel; S4: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is conveyed to the calcination part through the conveyor belt assembly, and the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame and power box removed is placed in the calcination part for calcination at 450° to 550° to achieve the EVA film on the photovoltaic panel to be cracked and peeled off to obtain photovoltaic cell sheets; S5 places the photovoltaic cell in the built-in grid and uses the extraction liquid to ultrasonically extract the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell.

8. The method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels according to claim 7, characterized in that: Step S2: The photovoltaic panel to be disassembled is conveyed to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly via the conveyor belt assembly. The outer frame disassembly assembly removes the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, which specifically includes the following steps: S201 conveys the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly. When the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled reaches the bottom of the outer frame disassembly assembly, the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper move in the direction away from the first mounting rack under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rod, the second hydraulic rod, the third hydraulic rod and the fourth hydraulic rod until the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled. When the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled and grab the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper move in the direction close to the first mounting rack under the action of their corresponding first hydraulic rod, the second hydraulic rod, the third hydraulic rod and the fourth hydraulic rod until the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled contacts the triangular cutter head, and the first gripper, the second gripper, the third gripper and the fourth gripper stop moving; S202 The triangular cutter head moves from the initial position toward the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the four corners of the outer frame under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod until the triangular cutter head pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame. After the triangular cutter head pushes open the welds at the four corners of the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled, the triangular cutter head moves from the position of pushing open the outer frame of the photovoltaic panel to be disassembled to the initial position under the action of its corresponding first horizontal motion hydraulic rod; Step S3: The photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed is further conveyed to the bottom of the power box disassembly assembly through the conveyor belt assembly. The power box disassembly assembly removes the power box of the photovoltaic panel, which specifically includes the following steps: S301 When the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed reaches below the power box disassembly assembly, the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper move in a direction away from the second mounting bracket under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods, the sixth hydraulic rods, the seventh hydraulic rods and the eighth hydraulic rods until the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper contact the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed and grab the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed, and the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper move in a direction close to the second mounting bracket under the action of their corresponding fifth hydraulic rods, the sixth hydraulic rods, the seventh hydraulic rods and the eighth hydraulic rods until the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed contacts the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife, and the fifth gripper, the sixth gripper, the seventh gripper and the eighth gripper stop moving; S302 The first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife move from the initial position toward the photovoltaic panel with the outer frame removed under the action of their corresponding second horizontal motion hydraulic rod until they reach the glue layer between the power box and the back panel of the photovoltaic panel, and the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife soften the glue between the power box and the back panel so that the power box is separated from the back panel; after the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife remove the power box of the photovoltaic panel, the first thermal cutting knife and the second thermal cutting knife move from the glue layer between the power box and the back panel of the photovoltaic panel to the initial position under the action of the second horizontal motion hydraulic rod.

9. The method for resource utilization of photovoltaic panels according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S5, the photovoltaic cell is placed in the built-in grid, and the metal covered on the surface of the photovoltaic cell is ultrasonically extracted using an extraction liquid, which specifically includes the following steps: S501: Place the photovoltaic cells in the built-in grid, add hydrochloric acid dilution into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe, and the hydrochloric acid dilution should cover the height of the cells. The pH value of the hydrochloric acid dilution should be 2-6, and the temperature of the hydrochloric acid dilution should be 20-60°C. S502 starts the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator to perform the first ultrasonic oscillation, the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 minutes to 120 minutes; At step S503, after the first ultrasonic oscillation, the solution after the first ultrasonic oscillation is recovered through the liquid outlet pipe and named as extract A. Water is introduced into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning. The cleaned liquid is then collected into extract A through the liquid outlet pipe. Add NaOH solution to extract A until Al ions in the solution are completely precipitated, and then recover Al(OH)3 by filtration, washing, and drying; S504: Add concentrated nitric acid solution into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe. The concentrated nitric acid solution covers the height of the battery cells. The pH value of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 2-6, and the temperature of the concentrated nitric acid solution is 20-60°C. S505: Start the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator to perform a second ultrasonic oscillation, wherein the ultrasonic oscillation frequency of the first ultrasonic oscillator and the second ultrasonic oscillator is 20-90 Hz, and the ultrasonic time is 3 minutes to 120 minutes; S506 The second ultrasonic oscillation is completed, and the solution after the second ultrasonic oscillation is recovered through the liquid outlet pipe and named as extract B. Water is introduced into the ultrasonic tank through the liquid inlet pipe for cleaning, and the cleaned liquid is collected into extract B through the liquid outlet pipe; A saturated NaCl solution is added to the extract B until the Ag ions in the solution are completely precipitated, and the AgCl is recovered after filtration, washing, and drying.

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