Method, device and electronic equipment for expanding dynamic range of detector

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for extending the dynamic range of a detector. It relates to the technical field of mass spectrometry detection. The method, applied to a mass spectrometer, includes: acquiring a sample to be detected; amplifying the ions in the sample using a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal; performing an I-V conversion on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal; generating a count spectrum and a simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal, wherein the count spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in analog mode; and fusing the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum using a fusion algorithm to generate a high dynamic range spectrum. By implementing the technical solution provided in this application, the mass spectrometer extends the dynamic detection range by fusing the mass spectra in analog and counting modes, thereby improving detection accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of mass spectrometry detection, specifically to a method, apparatus, and electronic device for extending the dynamic range of a detector. Background Technology

[0002] Mass spectrometers, as molecular structure detectors, are frequently used in fields such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food safety, and new materials research. There are many types of detectors for mass spectrometers, among which the most widely used is the electron multiplier detector. Its basic principle is to convert ions into electrons or electron clusters, amplify them using electron multiplier tubes, and then detect them using an amplification circuit.

[0003] Currently, detection methods mainly fall into two categories: analog and counting. Analog mode filters and amplifies the analog signal, then converts the amplified signal to digital to obtain the signal intensity of the ion to be detected. Counting mode counts the pulse signals generated by the incident ions to obtain the signal intensity of the ion to be detected.

[0004] However, due to baseline noise, the analog mode suffers from inaccurate detection results when detecting low ion current intensity signals, as these signals are overwhelmed. While the counting mode is not affected by baseline noise, it is limited by the detector pulse width, leading to pulse overlap when the ion current intensity is too high, resulting in incorrect counting and inaccurate detection results.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to extend the dynamic range of the detector. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for extending the dynamic range of a detector. The mass spectrometer extends the dynamic detection range by fusing mass spectra from analog and counting modes, thereby improving detection accuracy.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for extending the dynamic range of a detector, applied to a mass spectrometer. The method includes: acquiring a sample to be detected; amplifying the ions in the sample to be detected using a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal; performing an IV transformation on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal; generating a count spectrum and a simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal, wherein the count spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in analog mode; and fusing the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum using a fusion algorithm to generate a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the mass spectrometer converts the primary voltage signal of the sample to be detected into a counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum. Since the primary voltage signals in the counting mode and the simulated mode have different characteristics, a fusion algorithm is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum, thereby expanding the dynamic detection range of the mass spectrometer and enabling it to detect a wider range of ion signals. In addition, by fusing the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum, the primary voltage signal information in both modes can be fully utilized, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the primary voltage signal.

[0009] Secondly, this application also provides a device for extending the dynamic range of a detector, the device being a mass spectrometer, the mass spectrometer including an acquisition module, a processing module, and a fusion module, wherein...

[0010] The acquisition module is used to acquire the sample to be detected; and to amplify the ions in the sample to be detected using a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal.

[0011] The processing module is used to perform IV transformation on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal;

[0012] The processing module is further configured to generate a counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum based on the mass spectrometry signal, wherein the counting spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the mass spectrometry signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the mass spectrometry signal in simulation mode.

[0013] The fusion module is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum using a fusion algorithm to generate a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the mass spectrometer converts the primary voltage signal of the sample to be detected into a counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum. Since the primary voltage signals in the counting mode and the simulated mode have different characteristics, a fusion algorithm is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum, thereby expanding the dynamic detection range of the mass spectrometer and enabling it to detect a wider range of ion signals. In addition, by fusing the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum, the primary voltage signal information in both modes can be fully utilized, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the primary voltage signal.

[0015] Optionally, the processing module is used to convert the mass spectrometry signal into a first digital signal; perform ion counting on the ions of the sample to be detected based on the first digital signal to generate a counting signal; and generate a counting spectrum of the sample to be detected based on the counting signal.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the mass spectrometer converts the primary voltage signal into a first digital signal, thereby reducing the complexity of the data and facilitating the counting of ions by the mass spectrometer; then, based on the first digital signal, the ions of the sample to be detected are counted, thus making the counting spectrum of the sample to be detected more accurate.

[0017] Optionally, the processing module is used to filter and amplify the primary voltage signal to generate an amplified analog signal;

[0018] The amplified analog signal is converted into a second digital signal;

[0019] A simulated spectrum of the sample to be detected is generated based on the second digital signal.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the mass spectrometer filters and amplifies the primary voltage signal, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the primary voltage signal, making it easier to detect ion signals in the sample to be tested; then, the amplified analog signal is converted into a second digital signal, thereby reducing the complexity of the data and making it easier for the mass spectrometer to convert the primary voltage signal into an analog spectrum.

[0021] Optionally, the step of using a fusion algorithm to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum to generate a high dynamic range spectrum specifically involves: the fusion module obtaining a first ion flux based on the simulated spectrum and a second ion flux based on the counting spectrum; setting a preset fusion boundary to fuse the first ion flux and the second ion flux into a third ion flux; and converting the third ion flux into a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, a first ion flux is obtained from the simulated spectrum, and a second ion flux is obtained from the counting spectrum. This unifies the data units of the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum, facilitating the fusion of the two spectra. Then, by setting a preset fusion boundary, the first and second ion fluxes are fused into a third ion flux. At this point, the mass spectrometer can determine the corresponding processing mode based on the ion flux of the ion to be detected, thereby improving the detection accuracy. Finally, a high dynamic range spectrum is obtained based on the third ion flux. Thus, the primary voltage signal information of the two modes can be fully utilized, thereby expanding the dynamic detection range of the mass spectrometer.

[0023] Optionally, the preset fusion boundary includes a lower bound determined by the noise floor in analog mode and an upper bound determined by the pulse stacking limit in counting mode.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, upper and lower bounds are set according to the characteristics of the mass spectrometry signals of the two modes, so that the mass spectrometer can select the appropriate processing mode when processing the mass spectrometry signal.

[0025] Optionally, the setting of a preset fusion boundary merges the first ion flow rate and the second ion flow rate into a third ion flow rate, specifically using the following formula:

[0026] ;

[0027] in, The third ion flow rate, This is the second ion flux. The first ion flux, The lower bound determined for the noise floor in the analog mode. The upper bound is determined by the pulse accumulation limit in counting mode.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the first ion flow rate and the second ion flow rate are integrated into a single flow rate formula. The mass spectrometer selects the corresponding processing method according to the ion flow rate of the sample to be detected, thereby making full use of the advantages of the two modes. This not only expands the dynamic range of the detector but also improves the accuracy of flow rate detection.

[0029] Optionally, before generating the counting spectrum and simulated spectrum based on the mass spectrometry signal, the method further includes: an acquisition module for acquiring the initial detector gain of the mass spectrometer, the detector gain being used to calibrate the correspondence between the simulated spectrum and the ion flux; and a processing module for calibrating the detection gain to the nominal detector gain using a detector gain calibration formula.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, since the primary voltage signal cannot be directly converted into ion flux, it is necessary to use the detector gain to convert the amplitude of the primary voltage signal into ion flux. However, different samples to be detected have different detector gains. Therefore, the mass spectrometer uses a detector gain calibration formula to calibrate the detection gain to the nominal detector gain, thereby making the detection of ion flux more accurate.

[0031] Optionally, in the step of calibrating the initial detection gain to the nominal detector gain using the detector gain calibration formula, the detector gain calibration formula is specifically as follows:

[0032] ;

[0033] Where V is the voltage value corresponding to the primary voltage signal, and n is the ion flux. For a unit charge, For detector gain, For the gain of the current-to-voltage conversion circuit, This represents the total gain of the remaining analog amplifier circuits.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the calibrated detector gain is obtained from the primary voltage signal of the ions in the sample to be detected, thereby improving the accuracy of ion flux detection in analog mode.

[0035] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device including a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface. The memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0036] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, perform the method described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0037] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0038] 1. After the mass spectrometer converts the primary voltage signal of the sample to be detected into a count spectrum and a simulated spectrum, since the primary voltage signals in the count mode and the simulated mode have different characteristics, a fusion algorithm is used to fuse the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum, thereby expanding the dynamic detection range of the mass spectrometer and enabling it to detect a wider range of ion signals. In addition, by fusing the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum, the primary voltage signal information in both modes can be fully utilized, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the primary voltage signal.

[0039] 2. The first ion flux is obtained from the simulated spectrum, and the second ion flux is obtained from the count spectrum. The data units of the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum are then unified to facilitate fusion. A preset fusion boundary is then set to fuse the first and second ion fluxes into a third ion flux. At this point, the mass spectrometer can determine the corresponding processing mode based on the ion flux of the ion to be detected, thereby improving detection accuracy. Finally, a high dynamic range spectrum is obtained based on the third ion flux. This allows full utilization of the primary voltage signal information from both modes, thus expanding the dynamic detection range of the mass spectrometer. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a mass spectrometer signal processing architecture provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for extending the dynamic range of a detector provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of high dynamic range map fusion provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a device for extending the dynamic range of a detector provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Acquisition module; 2. Processing module; 3. Fusion module; 500. Electronic device; 501. Processor; 502. Communication bus; 503. User interface; 504. Network interface; 505. Memory. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0047] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the words "for example" or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design that is described as "for example" or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Rather, the use of the words "for example" or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple systems means two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals means two or more screen terminals. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0049] Mass spectrometers, as molecular structure detectors, are frequently used in fields such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, food safety, and new materials research. The detector, as the core component of a mass spectrometer, works by converting ions into electrons or electron clusters, which are then amplified by electron multiplier tubes and subsequently detected by amplification circuitry. The most common detectors on the market include continuous electron multiplier detectors, discrete electron multiplier detectors, and microchannel plate detectors.

[0050] Currently, the most commonly used mass spectrometers are quadrupole mass spectrometers and ion trap mass spectrometers. The signal processing schemes for these two types of mass spectrometers are generally divided into two categories. One is analog mode, which filters and amplifies the analog signal, then converts the amplified analog signal to digital to obtain the signal intensity of the ion to be detected. The other is counting mode, which counts the pulse signals generated by the incident ions to obtain the signal intensity of the ion to be detected.

[0051] However, the analog mode is generally more suitable for detecting high-intensity ion currents. At low ion currents, its baseline noise problem becomes more significant. When detecting small signals, the small signals are submerged, thus limiting the detection of small signals and leading to inaccurate detection results. On the other hand, the counting mode is generally more suitable for detecting low-intensity signals. In the counting mode, although the ion signal is not interfered with by the baseline noise problem, it is limited by the detector pulse width. When the ion current is too high, pulse overlap will occur, resulting in incorrect counting and inaccurate detection results.

[0052] Before describing the embodiments of this application, this application presents a schematic diagram of a mass spectrometer signal processing architecture. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the architecture includes an acquisition module 1, a processing module 2, and a fusion module 3. The acquisition module 1 includes a detector, which acquires incident ions and sends the detection results as a mass spectrometry signal to the IV conversion circuit. The processing module 2 includes an IV conversion circuit, a counting mode circuit, and an analog mode circuit. The IV conversion circuit converts the mass spectrometry signal into a primary voltage signal. The counting mode circuit includes a high-speed comparator, a high-speed counter, and a processor. The high-speed comparator converts the primary voltage signal into a digital signal, facilitating ion counting by the high-speed counter. The processor obtains the ion flux based on the high-speed counter's counting results, thereby plotting a counting spectrum. The analog mode circuit includes a filter, an analog amplifier circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, and a processor. The filter removes noise and interference from the primary voltage signal, the analog amplifier amplifies the filtered signal to increase signal strength, the analog-to-digital converter acquires the amplified analog signal, and the processor plots an analog spectrum based on the acquired analog signal. The fusion module 3 fuses the analog spectrum and the counting spectrum using a fusion algorithm to obtain a high dynamic range spectrum. At this point, the high dynamic range spectrum achieves the goal of using counting signals as the main signal in the low signal intensity range and analog signals as the main signal in the high signal intensity range; at the same time, it ensures the continuity of spectral peaks, thereby expanding the dynamic range of the detector to both high and low ends.

[0053] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides a method for extending the dynamic range of a detector, which is applied to a mass spectrometer, such as... Figure 2As shown, the method includes steps S101 to S105.

[0054] S101. Obtain the sample to be tested.

[0055] S102. The ions in the sample to be detected are amplified by the detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal.

[0056] Specifically, the sample to be tested first passes through an ion source, where the molecules or atoms of the sample are ionized into charged positive or negative ions. Then, the charged ions enter a mass analyzer with an electric or magnetic field, where they are separated and screened according to their mass-to-charge ratio. At this point, the mass analyzer measures and records each type of charged ion that passes through the electric or magnetic field, generating a mass spectrometry signal.

[0057] S103. Perform IV transformation on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal.

[0058] Specifically, the primary voltage signal includes amplitude and period. To further obtain the ion flux of the sample to be detected, the ion flux calculation formula needs to be used. Taking an ion trap mass spectrometer as an example, the ion flux calculation formula can be: Ion flux = Detector gain × Charge number / Time constant, where the time constant is the temporal distribution width of ions during the ion trap mass scan, and the detector gain can be understood as the ratio of the amplitude of the detector output signal to the number of input ions.

[0059] However, different samples require different detector gains. Therefore, the detector gain needs to be calibrated before generating the count spectrum and simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal. Specifically, the initial detector gain of the mass spectrometer is first obtained, and then the detector gain is calibrated to the nominal detector gain using the detector gain calibration formula. The detector gain calibration formula is as follows:

[0060] ;

[0061] Where V is the voltage value corresponding to the primary voltage signal, and n is the ion flux. For a unit charge, For detector gain, For the gain of the current-to-voltage conversion circuit, This represents the total gain of the remaining analog amplifier circuitry. In the detector gain calibration formula above, n can be obtained from the counting mode. It is a constant. and All parameters are known circuit parameters. To obtain the primary voltage signal, the mass spectrometry signal is converted from an electrical signal to a voltage signal during analog-to-digital conversion. Therefore, according to the gain calibration formula described above, the detector gain can be adjusted. Perform real-time calibration.

[0062] Furthermore, since the amplification factor of each ion in the detector multiplier tube is a specific distribution rather than a single value, in order to improve the accuracy of detector gain calibration, multiple peak data with signal intensity within a preset range are acquired across the full spectrum. The detector gain is calculated for each peak data using the aforementioned detector gain calibration formula, and finally, the nominal detector gain is obtained by averaging the multiple detector gains.

[0063] S104. Generate a counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal. The counting spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in simulated mode.

[0064] Specifically, count spectra and simulated spectra can be understood as mass spectra that show the quantity distribution of different ion species in the sample to be tested.

[0065] The generation of the counting spectrum specifically involves the following steps: First, the primary voltage signal is converted into a first digital signal. This conversion from an electrical signal to a digital signal can be achieved using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Then, ion counting is performed on the ions in the sample to be detected based on the first digital signal, resulting in a counting signal. This counting signal includes information about the quantity of different ions in the sample. Finally, a counting spectrum of the sample is generated based on the counting signal.

[0066] The generation of the simulated spectrum is as follows: First, the primary voltage signal is filtered and amplified to obtain an amplified simulated signal, thereby making the mass-to-charge ratio information more accurate; then, the amplified simulated signal is converted into a second digital signal; finally, the simulated spectrum is obtained based on the second digital signal. At this time, the simulated spectrum reflects the mass-to-charge ratio distribution of different ion species in the sample to be detected.

[0067] S105. A fusion algorithm is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulation spectrum to generate a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0068] Specifically, count spectra and analog spectra cannot be directly fused into a high dynamic range spectrum. Therefore, they need to be converted into a unified data unit before fusion. The mass spectrometer converts the analog signal data in the analog spectrum into a first ion flux through relevant parameters. The conversion method depends on the design principle of each mass spectrometer. This application takes a quadrupole mass spectrometer as an example, and its conversion method is: Quadrupole mass spectrometer incident ion flux = gain × ion conversion efficiency × charge number / time, where the charge number refers to the charge of the ion, time refers to the measurement time, and the ion conversion efficiency is the efficiency of the ions passing through the quadrupole. Since the count spectrum contains the number of times the ion corresponding to each mass-to-charge ratio of the sample to be detected appears, the mass spectrometer can obtain the second ion flux of the sample to be detected based on the parameters in the count spectrum. At this time, both the analog spectrum and the count spectrum are converted into a unified data unit.

[0069] During the fusion of count and analog mass spectra, the different ion fluxes obtained from different processing schemes may lead to missing values, peak shape variations, or high signal noise in certain ion regions, thus affecting the accuracy of the fused data. In this embodiment, a preset fusion boundary is set. In count mode, when the ion flux exceeds the maximum measurement capacity (i.e., the pulse accumulation limit), pulse signals overlap, causing signal distortion. In analog mode, noise near the baseline can lead to misjudgment or misidentification. Therefore, the upper bound of the preset fusion boundary is set to the pulse accumulation limit in count mode, and the lower bound is set to the noise floor in analog mode. Based on the preset fusion boundary, a fusion algorithm is then used to fuse the first and second ion fluxes into a third ion flux. The fusion algorithm is as follows:

[0070] Where is the third ion flow rate, is the second ion flow rate, is the first ion flow rate, is the lower bound determined by the noise floor in analog mode, and is the upper bound determined by the pulse accumulation limit in counting mode.

[0071] From the above formula, we can obtain that when the third ion flux is less than the lower bound of the noise floor in the simulation mode... When the second ion flux is greater than the upper limit of pulse accumulation in counting mode, the third ion flux is used as the ion flux after fusion. When the first ion flow rate is used as the ion flow rate after fusion, and the third ion flow rate is greater than or equal to... and less than or equal to When the linear combination formula is used, then: The calculation results are used as the ion flux after fusion.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 3As shown in the figure, figure a is the simulated spectrum, where the vertical axis represents the signal intensity of the first ion flux and the horizontal axis represents the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample to be detected; figure b is the counting spectrum, where the vertical axis represents the signal intensity of the second ion flux and the horizontal axis represents the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample to be detected; and figure c is the high dynamic range spectrum, where the vertical axis represents the third ion flux and the horizontal axis represents the mass-to-charge ratio of the sample to be detected. In this case, since the ion signal is not interfered with by baseline noise in the counting mode, the ion flux intervals A to B, C to D, and E to F in the counting spectrum are taken as the low signal intensity intervals in the high dynamic range spectrum. Furthermore, in the simulated mode, the detection effect for high-intensity ion signals is more accurate and significant; therefore, the ion flux intervals B to C and D to E in the simulated spectrum are taken as the high signal intensity intervals in the dynamic range spectrum. This not only expands the dynamic range of the detector but also greatly eliminates the influence of noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the true signal.

[0073] This application also provides a device for extending the dynamic range of a detector, such as a mass spectrometer. Figure 4 As shown, the mass spectrometer includes an acquisition module 1, a processing module 2, and a fusion module 3.

[0074] Acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the sample to be detected; the ions in the sample to be detected are amplified by a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal;

[0075] Processing module 2 is used to perform IV transformation on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal;

[0076] Processing module 2 is also used to generate a counting spectrum and an analog spectrum based on the primary voltage signal. The counting spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in counting mode, and the analog spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in analog mode.

[0077] The fusion module 3 is used to fuse the count spectrum and the simulation spectrum using a fusion algorithm to generate a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0078] In one possible implementation, the processing module 2 is used to convert the primary voltage signal into a first digital signal; perform ion counting on the ions of the sample to be detected based on the first digital signal to generate a counting signal; and generate a counting spectrum of the sample to be detected based on the counting signal.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the processing module 2 is used to filter and amplify the primary voltage signal to generate an amplified analog signal;

[0080] Convert the amplified analog signal into a second digital signal;

[0081] A simulated spectrum of the sample to be detected is generated based on the second digital signal.

[0082] In one possible implementation, a fusion algorithm is used to fuse the count spectrum and the simulated spectrum to generate a high dynamic range spectrum. Specifically, the fusion module 3 is used to obtain a first ion flow rate based on the simulated spectrum and a second ion flow rate based on the count spectrum; a preset fusion boundary is set to fuse the first ion flow rate and the second ion flow rate into a third ion flow rate; and the third ion flow rate is converted into a high dynamic range spectrum.

[0083] In one possible implementation, the preset fusion boundary includes a lower bound determined by the noise floor in analog mode and an upper bound determined by the pulse stacking limit in counting mode.

[0084] In one possible implementation, a preset fusion boundary is set to fuse the first ion flow rate and the second ion flow rate into a third ion flow rate, specifically using the following formula:

[0085] ;

[0086] in, The third ion flow rate, This is the second ion flux. The first ion flux, The lower bound determined for the noise floor in the analog mode. The upper bound is determined by the pulse accumulation limit in counting mode.

[0087] In one possible implementation, before generating the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal, the system further includes: an acquisition module 1 for acquiring the initial detector gain of the mass spectrometer, the detector gain being used to calibrate the correspondence between the simulated spectrum and the ion flux; and a processing module 2 for calibrating the detection gain to the nominal detector gain using a detector gain calibration formula.

[0088] In one possible implementation, when calibrating the initial detection gain to the nominal detector gain using a detector gain calibration formula, the detector gain calibration formula is specifically as follows:

[0089] ;

[0090] Where V is the voltage value corresponding to the primary voltage signal, and n is the ion flux. For a unit charge, For detector gain, For the gain of the current-to-voltage conversion circuit, This represents the total gain of the remaining analog amplifier circuits.

[0091] It should be noted that the above embodiments of the apparatus are only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0092] This application also discloses an electronic device. (See reference...) Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device 500 may include: at least one processor 501, at least one network interface 504, a user interface 503, a memory 505, and at least one communication bus 502.

[0093] The communication bus 502 is used to enable communication between these components.

[0094] The user interface 503 may include a display screen and a camera. Optionally, the user interface 503 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0095] The network interface 504 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface).

[0096] The processor 501 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 501 connects to various parts of the server using various interfaces and lines, and performs various server functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory 505, and by calling data stored in memory 505. Optionally, the processor 501 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 501 may integrate one or a combination of several of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also not be integrated into the processor 501 and may be implemented as a separate chip.

[0097] The memory 505 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory 505 may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 505 may be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 505 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory 505 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 501. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The memory 505, which serves as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and an application program for a method of extending the dynamic range of a detector.

[0098] exist Figure 5In the illustrated electronic device 500, the user interface 503 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and acquire user input data; while the processor 501 can be used to call an application program stored in the memory 505 for a method to extend the dynamic range of a detector. When executed by one or more processors 501, the electronic device 500 performs one or more of the methods described in the above embodiments. It should be noted that, for the foregoing method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, because according to this application, some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0099] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0100] In the various embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some service interface; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0101] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0102] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0103] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned memory includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0104] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Other embodiments of this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and the disclosure of practical truths.

[0105] This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for extending the dynamic range of a detector, characterized in that, Applied to a mass spectrometer, the method includes: Obtain the sample to be tested; The ions in the sample to be detected are amplified by a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal; The mass spectrometry signal is subjected to IV transformation to generate a primary voltage signal; A counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum are generated based on the primary voltage signal. The counting spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the primary voltage signal in simulated mode. A fusion algorithm is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum to generate a high dynamic range spectrum; The process involves using a fusion algorithm to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulated spectrum to generate a high dynamic range spectrum, specifically as follows: A first ion flux is obtained based on the simulated spectrum, and a second ion flux is obtained based on the count spectrum; a preset fusion boundary is set to fuse the first ion flux and the second ion flux into a third ion flux; the third ion flux is converted into a high dynamic range spectrum; the preset fusion boundary includes a lower bound determined by the noise floor in the simulation mode and an upper bound determined by the pulse stacking limit in the count mode. The setting of a preset fusion boundary merges the first ion flow rate and the second ion flow rate into a third ion flow rate, specifically using the following formula: ； in, The third ion flow rate, This is the second ion flux. The first ion flux, The lower bound determined for the noise floor in the analog mode. The upper bound is determined by the pulse accumulation limit in counting mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counting spectrum is generated based on the primary voltage signal, specifically as follows: The primary voltage signal is converted into a first digital signal; Ion counting is performed on the ions in the sample to be detected based on the first digital signal to generate a counting signal; A counting spectrum of the sample to be detected is generated based on the counting signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The analog spectrum is generated based on the primary voltage signal, specifically as follows: The primary voltage signal is filtered and amplified to generate an amplified analog signal; The amplified analog signal is converted into a second digital signal; A simulated spectrum of the sample to be detected is generated based on the second digital signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before generating the counting spectrum and analog spectrum based on the primary voltage signal, the method further includes: The initial detector gain of the mass spectrometer is obtained, and the detector gain is used to calibrate the correspondence between the amplitude of the primary voltage signal and the ion flux. The detection gain is calibrated to the nominal detector gain using the detector gain calibration formula.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the step of calibrating the detection gain to the nominal detector gain using the detector gain calibration formula, the detector gain calibration formula is specifically as follows: ； Where V is the voltage value corresponding to the primary voltage signal, and n is the ion flux. For a unit charge, For detector gain, For the gain of the current-to-voltage conversion circuit, This represents the total gain of the remaining analog amplifier circuits.

6. A device for extending the dynamic range of a detector, characterized in that, The device is used to perform the method described in any one of claims 1-5, the device being a mass spectrometer, the mass spectrometer comprising an acquisition module (1), a processing module (2), and a fusion module (3), wherein, The acquisition module (1) is used to acquire the sample to be detected; and to amplify the ions of the sample to be detected using a detector to generate a mass spectrometry signal. The processing module (2) is used to perform IV transformation on the mass spectrometry signal to generate a primary voltage signal; The processing module (2) is also used to generate a counting spectrum and a simulated spectrum based on the primary voltage signal. The counting spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the mass spectrometry signal in counting mode, and the simulated spectrum is a mass spectrum generated by the mass spectrometry signal in simulated mode. The fusion module (3) is used to fuse the counting spectrum and the simulation spectrum using a fusion algorithm to generate a high dynamic range spectrum.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor (501), a memory (505), a user interface (503), and a network interface (504). The memory (505) is used to store instructions. The user interface (503) and the network interface (504) are used to communicate with other devices. The processor (501) is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory (505) to cause the electronic device (500) to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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