A water purification system and method for funnel-shaped pond aquaculture

Abstract

This invention relates to a water purification system for funnel-shaped pond aquaculture, comprising an emergent plant purification zone and a submerged plant purification zone. The submerged plant purification zone is located downstream of the emergent plant purification zone. The emergent plant purification zone includes a planting pond with multiple parallel rice planting strips, which divide the planting pond into multiple lotus root planting strips. Each rice planting strip has planting baskets with porous side walls for planting rice. The lower part of the planting baskets is provided with rigid supports. The lotus root planting strips have a silt layer for planting lotus roots. The top of the rigid supports is higher than the silt layer. The side of the planting pond has an inlet and an outlet. The top of the planting baskets is lower than the outlet, which connects to the submerged plant purification zone. This invention improves upon existing ecological purification systems, enhancing their purification capacity at different water layers, thus reducing the footprint while increasing purification efficiency.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water purification system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the patent CN202110459131.6, a funnel-shaped pond ecological circulation aquaculture system is disclosed, which adopts a funnel-shaped pond structure to realize the discharge of feces and residual bait from the funnel-shaped fish pond in a small amount of drainage mode. In addition, a multi-stage ecological purification mode such as lotus root pond, rice field, and ecological purification pond is used to purify the tail water after fish feces separation. The biological purification of water body in the patent has the advantages of green environmental protection and low cost. No chemical drugs are used, and no chemical pollution or harm to the ecological environment is caused. However, the biological purification method has the disadvantage of slow purification speed, so the area for purification needs to be 2-3 times the water area of the aquaculture pond, which limits its promotion in some areas with limited land use. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application improves the structure of the water body biological purification system, improves the efficiency of biological purification of water body, improves the space utilization rate, and reduces the land occupation area. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0004] A funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water purification system comprises a emergent plant purification area and a submerged plant purification area, the submerged plant purification area is located downstream of the emergent plant purification area, the emergent plant purification area comprises a planting pond, the planting pond is provided with a plurality of parallel rice planting belts, and the rice planting belts separate the planting pond into a plurality of lotus root planting belts; the rice planting belt is provided with a planting basket, the side wall of the planting basket is a porous wall, and the planting basket is used for planting rice; the lower part of the planting basket is provided with a rigid support; the lotus root planting belt is provided with a sludge layer, the sludge layer is used for planting lotus roots; the top of the rigid support is higher than the sludge layer; the side of the planting pond is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the top of the planting basket is lower than the water outlet, and the water outlet is connected to the submerged plant purification area.

[0005] The basic scheme of the present application is to arrange the lotus root planting area and the rice planting area in one planting pond, the planting basket of the rice planting belt is higher than the sludge layer, and the porous wall is used, so that the rice root system can grow to the outside through the porous wall, and a three-dimensional purification structure is formed at different heights with the lotus root planting belt, the space utilization rate is improved, and the purification efficiency of the water body is improved.

[0006] Further, the submerged plant purification area is arranged at the side of the emergent plant purification area and comprises a plurality of water tanks for planting submerged plants; the height of the outer water tank is lower than that of the inner water tank; and the height of the outer side wall of the water tank is lower than that of the inner side wall.

[0007] The structure can utilize the height difference to realize aeration of the water body, which is beneficial to the dissolution of carbon dioxide and oxygen, and is also beneficial to the emission of residual ammonia in the water body.

[0008] Further, the downstream of the submerged plant purification area is also provided with an alkaline adjusting tank, and the alkaline adjusting tank is provided with alkaline materials.

[0009] The alkaline materials can be alkaline substances such as limestone and shells, which are used to adjust the water quality to be weakly alkaline, which is beneficial to aquaculture.

[0010] Further, the bottom of the planting basket is provided with a through groove, and the groove wall is a porous wall. The height difference between the top of the planting basket and the water outlet is not greater than 5 cm.

[0011] By arranging the through groove, the tail water can flow along the through groove at the bottom of the planting basket. Since the groove wall is a porous wall, the rice roots can grow along the groove wall to the outside. The roots can form a net-shaped filter layer in the cross section of the through groove, which can intercept the suspended fish manure in the water body, and further improve the purification effect.

[0012] Further, the inner side of the water tank is provided with a longitudinal partition plate, and the middle part is provided with a transverse partition plate. The top of the longitudinal partition plate is higher than the outer side wall of the water tank. The upper part of the transverse partition plate is provided with a planting substrate, and the lower part of the transverse partition plate is filled with biochemical materials. The bottom of the longitudinal partition plate and the side of the transverse partition plate are both provided with water channels.

[0013] The biochemical materials can be volcanic rocks, which are used to cultivate nitrifying bacteria and purify the water body by nitrification.

[0014] Further, the planting pool is a rectangular pool surrounded by long side plates and short side plates. The outer side of the long side plate is provided with a vertical support plate. The water tank is arranged outside the long side plate, and the two ends of the water tank are connected with the support plate.

[0015] The structure can reduce the capital cost of the purification system and save earthwork. By arranging the support plate, the planting pool and the water tank can be connected into a whole, which improves the overall stability.

[0016] Further, the inner side of the long side plate is provided with a weir plate. The long side plate is provided with a plurality of water distribution outlets, and the water distribution outlets are arranged correspondingly with the water tank. The water outlet is arranged on the weir plate, and the water outlet is provided with a gate plate. The water inlet is arranged at both ends of the short side plate, and the water inlet is also provided with a gate plate. The gate plate is used to control the opening and closing of the water inlet and the water outlet.

[0017] Further, the two sides of the emergent plant purification area are both provided with the submerged plant purification area. The two sides of the planting pool are both provided with the water inlet and the water outlet. By controlling the opening and closing of the water inlet and the water outlet, the flow direction in the planting pool can be controlled, and the alternating use of the submerged plant purification area and the alkaline adjusting tank can be realized.

[0018] The application also discloses a funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water body purification method, which uses the funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water body purification system, the water inlet of the planting pool is lower than the water surface of the aquaculture pool, the tail water of the water outlet of the aquaculture pool is introduced into the emergent plant purification area along the water inlet, is purified once, is introduced into the submerged plant purification area for secondary purification, is introduced into the alkaline adjusting pool for water quality adjustment, and is finally recycled to the aquaculture pool by the water pump.

[0019] Further, the water inlet on one side of the planting pool and the water outlet on the opposite side are opened first, the tail water is introduced into the submerged plant purification area and the alkaline adjusting pool on one side in sequence after passing through the emergent plant purification area, the alkaline adjusting pool on the other side supplies water to the aquaculture pool, after one purification period, the water inlet on the other side and the water outlet on the opposite side are opened by controlling the opening and closing of the gate, the tail water is introduced into the submerged plant purification area and the alkaline adjusting pool on the other side in sequence, and the purification period is determined according to the pH value of the water body in the alkaline adjusting pool. The pH value can be determined according to the aquaculture species in the aquaculture pool. When the aquarium koi is bred, the pH value of the alkaline adjusting pool can be controlled to be 7.2-7.5.

[0020] The application improves the original ecological purification system, concentrates the lotus root planting area and the rice planting area into one water pool, improves the specific structure of the planting belt, improves the purification capacity in different water layers, reduces the occupied area, and improves the purification efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] The application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the purification system in the application.

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the planting pool in the application.

[0024] Figure 3 is a sectional view of the purification system in the application.

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the planting frame in the application.

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the water tank in the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, and the description herein is only used to explain the present application, but not as a limitation to the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0028] The funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water purification system of the present application comprises a emergent plant purification zone and a submerged plant purification zone, and the submerged plant purification zone is located downstream of the emergent plant purification zone. In the water ecological purification system, the emergent plant and the submerged plant with strong ammonia-nitrogen purification capacity are generally used. For example, the lotus root and the rice in the emergent plant can be used as the purification plant, and can also produce economic benefits. In the prior application of the present applicant, the lotus root and the rice are used as the plant of the purification system.

[0029] The purification capacity of the emergent plant is mainly concentrated in the root system, and the purification effect of the stem and leaf part is very limited. However, the root system of the emergent plant is generally buried in the silt, and the purification of the water body needs to pass through the adsorption of ammonia-nitrogen in the water body by the silt, and the root system absorbs the ammonia-nitrogen adsorbed in the silt. Therefore, the emergent plant has a long effective period for water purification.

[0030] The submerged plant mainly exchanges substances with the water body through the stem and leaf, and can directly absorb the dissolved ammonia-nitrogen in the water body, so the purification effect is fast.

[0031] However, the submerged plant has poor adaptability to water quality, while the emergent plant has strong adaptability to water quality. In the present application, the submerged plant purification zone is arranged downstream of the emergent plant purification zone, so that the emergent plant can be used to preliminarily purify the tail water, and then the submerged plant can be used to efficiently purify the water body after improving the water quality.

[0032] In specific embodiments, for example, Figures 1-5As shown, the emergent plant purification zone includes a planting pool 1, which is provided with multiple parallel rice planting belts 2, which separate the planting pool into multiple lotus root planting belts 3; the rice planting belt is provided with a planting basket 4, the side wall of which is a porous wall, and the planting basket is used for planting rice; the lower part of the planting basket is provided with a rigid support 5; the lotus root planting belt is provided with a sludge layer, which is used for planting lotus roots; the top of the rigid support is higher than the sludge layer; the side of the planting pool is provided with a water inlet 6 and a water outlet 7; the top of the planting basket is lower than the water outlet, which is connected to the submerged plant purification zone. The height of the sludge layer of the lotus root planting belt is about 50 cm, the height of the rigid support is about 60 cm, the height of the planting basket is about 40 cm, and the height of the water outlet from the bottom of the pool is about 110 cm; the width of the planting basket is 30-40 cm, and the width of the lotus root planting belt is about 50-80 cm. The planting basket can be a plastic basket with a grid structure. The planting basket is filled with a substrate for planting rice. Due to the use of a porous wall, the rice root system can grow through the side wall and be exposed to the water body, improving the purification efficiency of the water body.

[0033] Select test pools A, B and C of the same specification, plant rice and lotus roots in test pool A in the manner of the present scheme, plant lotus roots in test pool B using bottom mud, and plant rice in test pool C using bottom mud. Inject aquaculture pool tail water with an ammonia nitrogen concentration of 3.5 mg / L, and compare the ammonia nitrogen changes at 2 h, 8 h, 16 h, 1 d and 2 d.

[0034] 2h 8h 16h 1d 2d Test Pool A 3.3 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.6 Test Pool B 3.5 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.2 Test Pool C 3.5 3.3 3.1 2.6 2.3

[0035] As can be seen from the comparison, the purification efficiency of test pool A is significantly higher than that of test pool B and test pool C.

[0036] As Figure 3 , the submerged plant purification zone is arranged at the side of the emergent plant purification zone and includes multiple water tanks 8 for planting submerged plants; the height of the outer water tank is lower than that of the inner water tank; the height of the outer side wall of the water tank is lower than that of the inner side wall. As Figure 2 shown, the water tank for planting submerged plants is arranged at the side of the planting pool, and three layers of water tanks are arranged from the inside to the outside, with a height difference of 20-30 cm between each layer of water tanks. After the water overflows from the side outlet of the planting pool, it flows into the water tank for further purification by the submerged plants. Due to the existence of multiple levels of height difference, the water body can obtain aeration effect during natural falling, which is beneficial to the dissolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and also beneficial to the emission of dissolved ammonia in the water body.

[0037] The downstream of the submerged plant purification zone is further provided with an alkaline adjusting pool 9, which is provided with alkaline materials. The alkaline materials can be alkaline substances such as limestone and shells, which are used to adjust the water quality to weak alkalinity, which is beneficial to aquaculture.

[0038] As Figure 4The bottom of the planting basket 4 is provided with a through groove 10, and the groove wall is a porous wall. The height difference between the top of the planting basket and the water outlet is not greater than 5 cm. The cross section of the through groove is 8 cm*8 cm, and the interval is 10-20 cm. The through groove serves as a water passage. When the water passes through the through groove, the suspended fish manure in the water can be intercepted, and the purification effect is improved. Meanwhile, the height difference between the water outlet and the top of the planting frame is reduced, and the water flow passing through the through groove can be increased.

[0039] As shown in Figure 5 The inner side of the water tank 8 is provided with a longitudinal partition plate 11, and the middle part is provided with a transverse partition plate 12. The top of the longitudinal partition plate is higher than the outer side wall of the water tank. The upper part of the transverse partition plate is provided with a planting substrate, and the lower part of the transverse partition plate is filled with biochemical material 13. The bottom of the longitudinal partition plate and the side of the transverse partition plate are both provided with a water channel 14. The biochemical material for nitrification is arranged in the lower part of the water tank, which can improve the space utilization rate of the purification system. Moreover, the structure can realize that the water enters from the bottom of the water tank and overflows from the top of the water tank, which is beneficial to the flow of the water in the water tank.

[0040] The planting pool is a rectangular pool surrounded by long side plates 15 and short side plates 16. The outer side of the long side plate is provided with a vertical support plate 17. The water tank is arranged on the outer side of the long side plate, and the two ends of the water tank are connected with the support plate. Through the arrangement of the support plate, the planting pool and the water tank can be connected into a whole, and the overall stability is improved.

[0041] The inner side of the long side plate is provided with a weir plate 18, and the long side plate is provided with a plurality of water distribution outlets 19 corresponding to the water tank. The water outlet 7 is arranged on the weir plate, and the water outlet is provided with a gate plate. The water inlet 6 is arranged at the two ends of the short side plate, and the water inlet is also provided with a gate plate. The gate plate is used to control the opening and closing of the water inlet and the water outlet.

[0042] The both sides of the emergent plant purification area are provided with submerged plant purification areas. The both sides of the planting pool are provided with water inlets and water outlets. Through the control of the opening and closing of the water inlets and the water outlets, the flow direction in the planting pool and the rotation use of the submerged plant purification areas and the alkaline adjusting pool on the both sides can be controlled.

[0043] After the water is treated by the emergent plant purification, the volcanic rock nitrification and the submerged plant purification, the pH value of the water body may be lower than 7, and the general fish culture is suitable for weak alkaline water body. Through the arrangement of the alkaline adjusting pool, the purified water body can be adjusted to be weak alkaline. Meanwhile, the alkaline adjusting pool can be used as a water storage pool. The water body can be placed in the alkaline adjusting pool for a period of time, so as to stabilize the water quality. A small amount of silver carp fry can be put in the pool, so as to further purify the algae in the water body.

[0044] When using this purification system to purify the water in a funnel-shaped pond aquaculture, the system is placed around the perimeter of the pond. Taking a 25m diameter pond as an example, the planting pond is approximately 10m wide and 20m long. The alkaline adjustment ponds on both sides are approximately 2m wide. Long and short side panels are erected around the perimeter of the funnel-shaped pond to form the frame of the planting pond. An impermeable membrane is then laid, and the support plates and water tanks are assembled and fixed together. Blocks are placed at the bottom of the pond as rigid supports according to the planned rice planting zone, isolating the lotus root planting zone. Silt is laid within the lotus root planting zone, and lotus seeds are introduced. Planting baskets are placed on top of the blocks, filled with bottom mud, and rice seeds are introduced. Nitrifying bacteria culture material is filled into the water tanks, and submerged plants such as Vallisneria natans and Centipede Grass are planted on top. Connect the tailwater pipe of the aquaculture pond to the inlet of the planting pond. The inlet of the planting pond is lower than the water surface of the aquaculture pond, and the tailwater flows naturally into the planting pond. After the aquaculture pond water is separated from fish feces, the tailwater enters the emergent plant purification zone through the inlet. After the first purification, it enters the submerged plant purification zone for a second purification, then enters the alkaline conditioning pond for water quality adjustment, and finally is circulated back to the aquaculture pond by a water pump.

[0045] Since pH adjustment and water quality stabilization in the alkaline conditioning tank require a certain period, this is achieved by alternating water storage in two alkaline conditioning tanks. First, the inlet on one side of the planting pond and the outlet on the opposite side are opened. The wastewater, after passing through the emergent plant purification zone, sequentially enters the submerged plant purification zone on one side and then the alkaline conditioning tank. Meanwhile, the alkaline conditioning tank on the other side replenishes water to the breeding pond. After one purification cycle, by controlling the opening and closing of the gate, the inlet on the other side and the outlet on the opposite side are opened, and the wastewater sequentially enters the submerged plant purification zone on the other side and then the alkaline conditioning tank. The purification cycle is determined based on the pH value of the water in the alkaline conditioning tank. The specific pH value can be determined according to the species being raised in the breeding pond. For example, when raising koi, the pH value in the alkaline conditioning tank can be controlled at 7.2-7.5. After the water quality meets the requirements, the purified water is pumped to the breeding pond. After the improvement, the area occupied by the purification system can be reduced to about half the area of ​​the breeding pond.

Claims

1. A funnel-shaped pond aquaculture water purification system comprising an emergent plant purification zone and a submerged plant purification zone, the submerged plant purification zone being located downstream of the emergent plant purification zone, characterised in that: The emergent plant purification zone comprises a planting pool, the planting pool is provided with a plurality of parallel rice planting belts, the rice planting belts separate the planting pool into a plurality of lotus root planting belts; the rice planting belt is provided with a planting basket, the side wall of the planting basket is a porous wall, the planting basket is used for planting rice; the lower part of the planting basket is provided with a rigid support; the lotus root planting belt is provided with a sludge layer, the sludge layer is used for planting lotus roots; the top of the rigid support is higher than the sludge layer; the side of the planting pool is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the top of the planting basket is lower than the water outlet, and the water outlet is connected to the submerged plant purification zone; The downstream of the submerged plant purification zone is further provided with an alkaline adjusting pool, and the alkaline adjusting pool is provided with an alkaline material; The bottom of the planting basket is provided with a through groove, the groove wall is a porous wall, and the height difference between the top of the planting basket and the water outlet is not greater than 5 cm; The submerged plant purification zone is arranged at the side of the emergent plant purification zone and comprises a plurality of water tanks, and the water tanks are used for planting submerged plants; The planting pool is a rectangular pool formed by surrounding long side plates and short side plates, the outer side of the long side plate is provided with a vertical support plate, the water tank is arranged at the outer side of the long side plate, and the two ends of the water tank are connected with the support plate; The inner side of the long side plate is provided with a weir plate, the long side plate is provided with a plurality of water distribution inlets, the water distribution inlets are arranged correspondingly to the water tanks; the water outlet is arranged on the weir plate, and the water outlet is provided with a gate plate; the water inlet is arranged at the two ends of the short side plate, and the water inlet is also provided with a gate plate; Both sides of the emergent plant purification zone are provided with the submerged plant purification zone; both sides of the planting pool are provided with the water inlet and the water outlet.

2. The funnel-shaped pond rearing water body purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the outer water tank is lower than that of the inner water tank; the height of the outer side wall of the water tank is lower than that of the inner side wall.

3. The funnel-shaped pond rearing water body purification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner side of the water tank is provided with a longitudinal partition plate, the middle part is provided with a transverse partition plate, the top of the longitudinal partition plate is higher than the outer side wall of the water tank; the upper part of the transverse partition plate is provided with a planting substrate, the lower part of the transverse partition plate is filled with biochemical material; the bottom of the longitudinal partition plate and the side of the transverse partition plate are both provided with a water channel.

4. A method of purifying a water body for a funnel-shaped pond culture, characterized by: The water body purification system for funnel-shaped pond aquaculture in claim 3 is used, the water inlet height of the planting pool is lower than the water surface of the aquaculture pond; after the water outlet of the aquaculture pond is separated from fish feces, tail water enters the emergent plant purification zone through the water inlet, is purified once, enters the submerged plant purification zone for secondary purification, enters the alkaline adjusting pool for water quality adjustment, and finally is recycled to the aquaculture pond through a water pump.

5. The funnel-shaped pond aquaculture method for purifying a water body according to claim 4, characterized by: First, the water inlet on one side of the planting pool and the water outlet on the opposite side are opened, tail water enters the submerged plant purification zone and the alkaline adjusting pool on one side in sequence after passing through the emergent plant purification zone, and the alkaline adjusting pool on the other side supplies water to the aquaculture pond; after one purification period, the water inlet on the other side and the water outlet on the opposite side are opened by controlling the opening and closing of the gate plates, and tail water enters the submerged plant purification zone and the alkaline adjusting pool on the other side in sequence; the purification period is determined according to the pH value of the water body in the alkaline adjusting pool.

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