A Dioryctria rubella Hampson attractant and a full-cycle trapping method for Dioryctria rubella Hampson

Abstract

The present invention provides a Dioryctria rubella Hampson attractant, which comprises component A, component B and component C. Component A is selected from at least one of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, and cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate; component B is cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and component C is a food-derived odorant; the mass ratio of component A, component B and component C is 10:1-2:1-2. The present invention also provides a full-cycle trapping method for Dioryctria rubella Hampson, which is to apply a first attractant and a second attractant respectively at the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults and the peak emergence period of the overwintering-generation adults of Dioryctria rubella Hampson, so as to achieve an effective trapping effect on Dioryctria rubella Hampson throughout the whole cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of insect attractants and insect trapping, and particularly relates to a Dioryctria rubella attractant and a full-cycle trapping method for Dioryctria rubella. Background Art

[0002] Dioryctria rubella Hampson belongs to the genus Dioryctria of the subfamily Phycitinae of the family Pyralidae of the order Lepidoptera. Its larvae bore into the main and lateral shoots and cones of host plants, and it is a forest pest that harms both shoots and fruits. Dioryctria rubella has a wide host range and a wide distribution range. There are certain differences in the main tree species damaged in different geographical regions. In North China, it mainly harms Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandii. The damage caused by Dioryctria rubella results in a reduction in the yield of pine seed orchards such as Masson pine and Chinese pine, seriously affecting the quality of afforestation and greening and restricting the development of forestry.

[0003] The larvae of Dioryctria rubella live a concealed life. The resin secretion reaction generated after the fruit shoots are damaged can provide more protection for the bored larvae. In addition, due to the overlapping generations of adults, the emergence period is not uniform, and the oviposition sites and times of this insect are discrete. All these factors make it difficult to achieve ideal results with conventional chemical control. In view of this, in the research on controlling Dioryctria rubella pests, Chinese researchers are working hard to develop and try new approaches and new technologies, including the development of new chemical insecticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, insect sterilization technology, the application of insect hormones and insect sex pheromones, etc.

[0004] Insect attractants developed based on insect sex pheromones have been widely used in many pest prediction and control, especially in Lepidoptera. Foreign countries pay more attention to other pests of the genus Dioryctria in terms of pheromones, and have done less research on the reddish Dioryctria. For example, Meyer identified the pheromones of three Blister Coneworm pests, D. disculsa, D. clariorali and D. amatella (MEYER WL, CAMERON RS, TAMHANKAR A, et al. Sex Pheromone of the Blister Coneworm Moth, Dioryctria clarioralis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) [J]. Environmental Entomology, 1984, 13 (3)). There are four reported sex pheromone components of the reddish tip moth, namely cis-11-hexadecenol acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9-trans-11-tetradecenol acetate and cis-9-tetradecenol acetate. Among these four substances, although cis-9-tetradecenol acetate has strong EAG (electroantennary) activity, adding it to the sex attractant mixture actually reduces the moth-attracting activity of the mixture in the field. Only when the ratio of the first three compounds is 3:6:1, the moth-attracting effect is relatively effective. There is also an existing technology that uses a single component of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate to trap reddish tip moth in Simao pine forests, but almost no reddish tip moth is trapped, and the problem of poor specificity when the single component of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate is used as an attractant is revealed (Feng Zhiwei, Yan Zhengliang, Liu Yuncai, et al. Comparative study on the capture of pine fruit moth and reddish tip moth in Simao pine pure forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest [J]. Western Forestry Science, 2012, 41(02): 96-98.). The existing products on the market are broad-spectrum attractants for tip moths. Although they have a certain attracting effect, the attracting effect is not ideal due to differences in species and regions, and they cannot meet the requirements of population monitoring and prevention. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to continue to confirm the components and ratios and develop and optimize an efficient reddish tip moth attractant as soon as possible.

[0005] Host volatiles include two types of volatiles: those released actively by plants in their natural state and those released passively after being induced by pests. Host volatiles play an important regulatory role in the host selection process of herbivorous insects. They may play both a synergistic and an inhibitory role in the process of pheromone luring pests. Plants release a series of volatile information compounds after being fed by herbivorous insects. The communication between plants and insects can be established through the insects' perception of these volatile information compounds. Studying the effect of host volatiles on the pheromone luring effect is a prerequisite for the widespread application of host volatiles in luring work in the future. Summary of the invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adjusts the components and ratios of the Dioryctria rubella Hampson attractant, and screens the attractant with better attracting effect through field tests, aiming to provide useful references for the development and optimization of green control products for Dioryctria rubella Hampson. The present invention obtains an attractant with excellent trapping effect on Dioryctria rubella Hampson through the formulation of the components of the pheromone lure core.

[0007] The present invention achieves the above object through the following technical solutions.

[0008] The first object of the present invention is to provide a Dioryctria rubella Hampson attractant, which includes component A, component B and component C. Component A is selected from at least one of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, and cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate; component B is cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and component C is a food-derived odorant; the mass ratio of component A, component B, and component C is 10:1-2:1-2.

[0009] Further, component A is a compound of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, and cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate in a mass ratio of 3-5:3-6:1-2. All three components of component A are sex pheromones of Dioryctria rubella Hampson. Using the above compounded component A as the main component of the attractant can improve the trapping effect on Dioryctria rubella Hampson.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, component A is a compound of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, and cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0011] The inventors unexpectedly found that adding a certain amount of component B, cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate, to the Dioryctria rubella Hampson attractant can significantly enhance the trapping effect on the overwintering generation of Dioryctria rubella Hampson. Cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate is a pheromone component of Pyralidae and has relatively high EAG activity in the laboratory. There are literature reports that when cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate is formulated with the sex pheromone of Dioryctria rubella Hampson, it cannot improve the field trapping effect of the attractant on Dioryctria rubella Hampson, and even inhibits the moth-trapping effect to a certain extent. This may be because in the laboratory EAG test, the excitement stimulated by the insect sex pheromone or sex attractant is not transmitted to the central nervous system; or the consistent olfactory cells in the insect antennae can also produce EAG activity.

[0012] Further, the food-derived odorant is selected from at least one of benzaldehyde, β-caryophyllene, 16-hexadecanolide, eugenol, ionone, coumarin, jasmonolide, and ethyl carvacrol.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for trapping Dioryctria rubella throughout its life cycle, which involves applying a first attractant at the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults and a second attractant at the peak emergence period of the overwintering-generation adults; the first attractant comprises (Z)-hexadec-11-enyl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal, (9Z,11E)-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, and β-caryophyllene, and the four are compounded in a mass ratio of 3-5:3-6:1-2:1-2, and the second attractant comprises (Z)-hexadec-11-enyl acetate, (Z)-hexadec-11-enal, (9Z,11E)-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate, (Z)-tetradec-9-enyl acetate, and ethyl carvacrol, and the five are compounded in a mass ratio of 4-5:2-3:2-3:1-2:1-2.

[0014] The present invention forms a method for trapping Dioryctria rubella throughout its life cycle by combining two attractants.

[0015] Furthermore, the peak emergence period of the overwintering-generation adults is from early June to mid-July, and the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults is from mid-August to late September. For different regions, the peak emergence periods of the first-generation adults and the overwintering-generation adults of Dioryctria rubella vary, and can be flexibly adjusted according to different locations.

[0016] The inventors found that for Dioryctria rubella at different stages, only by using a reasonably formulated attracting method can the best trapping effect be achieved. The present invention uses two attractants with different formulations and applies them at different stages. The inventors also found that as a food-derived odorant, β-caryophyllene has the best effect in the first attractant, and ethyl carvacrol has the best effect in the second attractant. Therefore, the present invention determines that for trapping Dioryctria rubella, different formulations of attractants are applied at different stages to achieve the optimal trapping effect.

[0017] Preferably, the first attractant and the second attractant each have a total effective ingredient amount of 200-500 μg per lure core, and the effective ingredients are the sum of component A, component B, and component C.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial effects:

[0019] First, with a reasonable compatibility of effective ingredients, the present invention provides an attractant that has a significantly enhanced trapping effect on Dioryctria rubella in the overwintering stage. Specifically, component B—(Z)-tetradec-9-enyl acetate is compounded with component A in a certain ratio to achieve the effect.

[0020] II. For Dioryctria rubella at different stages, the present invention proposes to use attractants with different formulations to achieve the best trapping effect. Specifically, a compound of component A + β-caryophyllene is applied as an attractant during the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults; a compound of component A + component B + ethyl carvacrol is applied as an attractant for overwintering Dioryctria rubella. To achieve the best trapping effect. Detailed implementation mode

[0021] The present invention uses the following specific examples to elaborate in detail on the Dioryctria rubella attractant of the present invention and the trapping method for Dioryctria rubella.

[0022] All reagents used in the present invention are purchased from commercial channels, with a purity > 90%.

[0023] The present invention uses SPSS, Graphpad Prism, and Excel software for data analysis. First, a homogeneity of variance test is performed on the data, and then, depending on whether the results are homogeneous or not, one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05, Tukey) or Brown-Forsythe's ANOVA (α = 0.05, Games-Howell) is respectively selected to compare the differences in the attracting effects of different attractants. A T-test is used to analyze the field attracting effects of two attractants on Dioryctria rubella at different developmental stages and the statistical data on the types of traps.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Prepare attractants according to the following Table 1 formula, with each component in parts by mass, and test the trapping effects of different formulas on Dioryctria rubella. Among them, A1 is cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, A2 is cis-11-hexadecenal, A3 is cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and B is cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate.

[0026] The test site is a plain afforestation area in a certain place, with a continental climate. Select a pure stand of Chinese pine with a forest age of 10a, and the planting interval between each Chinese pine is about 2m. In the first half of July, the adults of Dioryctria rubella in this area are mainly overwintering generations, and in September, the adults of Dioryctria rubella are mainly the first generation. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Randomly select ten locations in the Chinese pine forest to set up triangular plate traps, and add the following different proportion formulas to the traps respectively. Count the average number of moths trapped by the ten traps on July 5, July 10, July 15, September 5, September 10, and September 15 respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0027] Table 1 Attractant formula and trapping effect

[0028]

[0029] It can be found from the data in Table 1 that Formulation 4 has the best trapping effect on the overwintering generation adults of Dioryctria rubella, and there are significant differences in statistics compared with other formulations; Formulation 1 has the best trapping effect on the first-generation adults of Dioryctria rubella, and there are significant differences in statistics compared with other formulations. This shows that different formulations should be used for Dioryctria rubella at different stages to achieve effective trapping effects.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] On the basis of Example 1, the component C, that is, the effect of food-derived odor substances on the trapping effect, was studied. The test results on the basis of Formulation 1 are shown in Table 2 below, and the test results on the basis of Formulation 4 are shown in Table 3 below.

[0032] Among them, A1, A2, A3, B are the same as in Example 1, and C is a food-derived odor substance

[0033] Table 2 Lure Formulations and Trapping Effects

[0034]

[0035] Table 3 Lure Formulations and Trapping Effects

[0036]

[0037] It can be seen from the results in Table 2 that on the basis of Formulation 1, the best compounding effect is achieved with β-caryophyllene, and there are significant differences in statistics compared with other formulations in Table 2; it can be seen from the results in Table 3 that on the basis of Formulation 4, the best compounding effect is achieved with ethyl carvacrol, and there are significant differences in statistics compared with other formulations in Table 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that for the trapping of Dioryctria rubella, Formulations 4-5, that is, cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate and ethyl carvacrol are compounded according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1, have the best trapping effect during the peak emergence period of the overwintering generation; Formulations 1-2, that is, cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate and β-caryophyllene are compounded according to the mass ratio of 3:6:1:1, have the best trapping effect during the peak emergence period of the first generation. Surprisingly, the trapping effect of Formulation 4 on the first-generation adults of Dioryctria rubella is not ideal, and the trapping effect of Formulation 1 on the overwintering generation of Dioryctria rubella is also not ideal. There is no literature reporting on the intergenerational deep chemical communication mechanism in this regard. We should fully recognize the complexity of the pheromone regulation mechanism of moths. Further research in this regard in the future is of great significance for solving the key problem of unstable control effects of pheromones in the field.

Claims

1. A method for trapping Dioryctria rubella Hampson throughout its life cycle, characterized in that, The method is to apply the first attractant at the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults and the second attractant at the peak emergence period of the overwintering-generation adults; the first attractant is a compound of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene in a mass ratio of 3:6:1:1; the second attractant is a compound of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and ethyl carvacrol in a mass ratio of 5:3:2:1:1; the peak emergence period of the overwintering-generation adults is from early June to mid-July, and the peak emergence period of the first-generation adults is from mid-August to late September; the first attractant and the second attractant each contain a total of 200-500 μg of active ingredients per lure core. The total amount of active ingredients of the first attractant is the total amount of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, and β-caryophyllene, and the total amount of active ingredients of the second attractant is the total amount of cis-11-hexadecenyl acetate, cis-11-hexadecenal, cis-9,trans-11-tetradecenyl acetate, cis-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and ethyl carvacrol.

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