A battery safety state detection method, device, apparatus and storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for detecting battery safety status. The method includes: transmitting high-frequency battery information (with a frequency higher than 2 Hz) to an on-board communication terminal using a vehicle battery system while the vehicle is running; storing the high-frequency battery information through the on-board communication terminal; responding to a wake-up request from a cloud platform to the on-board communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, the on-board communication terminal transmits the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform; and detecting the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform. By collecting and utilizing high-frequency battery information, the battery safety status can be detected more effectively. Furthermore, based on the high-frequency battery information, the real-time battery status can be calculated more accurately, the mechanistic state changes of the battery can be discovered more deeply, and accurate early warning of battery faults can be achieved more efficiently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for detecting battery safety status. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles, which use electricity as their primary power source, are an important component of new energy vehicles and currently account for a very large proportion. As the energy storage device for electric vehicles, the range, safety, and health status of batteries have gradually become the focus of public attention.

[0003] Therefore, how to detect the safety status of batteries has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this application provides a battery safety status detection method, apparatus, device and storage medium, which can detect the safety status of the battery.

[0005] The embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery safety status detection method, the method comprising:

[0007] The vehicle battery system transmits high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation. The frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz.

[0008] The high-frequency battery information is stored through the vehicle-mounted communication terminal;

[0009] In response to a wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform.

[0010] The cloud platform detects the battery's safety status based on the high-frequency battery information.

[0011] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0012] The low-frequency battery information is acquired in real time during vehicle operation using a cloud platform, wherein the frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz.

[0013] The step of detecting battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform includes:

[0014] The cloud platform is used to detect the battery safety status by combining the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information.

[0015] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0016] When an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, the cloud platform is used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data.

[0017] Optionally, the step of using the vehicle battery system to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal during vehicle operation includes:

[0018] In response to the collection instructions sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, the vehicle battery system sends high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation.

[0019] or,

[0020] In response to the pre-set data collection scenario of the vehicle communication terminal, the vehicle battery system transmits high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation.

[0021] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery safety status detection device, the device comprising:

[0022] A high-frequency battery information first transmission module is used to transmit high-frequency battery information to an on-board communication terminal using the vehicle battery system when the vehicle is running. The frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz.

[0023] A high-frequency battery information storage module is used to store the high-frequency battery information through the vehicle communication terminal;

[0024] The high-frequency battery information second transmission module is used to respond to the wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, and the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform.

[0025] The battery safety status detection module is used to detect the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform.

[0026] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0027] A low-frequency battery information acquisition module is used to acquire low-frequency battery information in real time during vehicle operation using a cloud platform, wherein the frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz.

[0028] The battery safety status detection module is specifically used to detect the battery safety status through the cloud platform, combining the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information.

[0029] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0030] The warning module is used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal via the cloud platform when an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data.

[0031] Optionally, the first high-frequency battery information sending module is specifically used to respond to the collection command sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal using the vehicle battery system when the vehicle is running.

[0032] or,

[0033] Specifically, it is used to respond to the pre-set collection scenario of the vehicle communication terminal and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is running using the vehicle battery system.

[0034] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including:

[0035] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0036] A processor is used to implement the steps of the above-described battery safety status detection method when executing the computer program.

[0037] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described battery safety state detection method.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages:

[0039] This application utilizes a vehicle battery system to transmit high-frequency battery information, with a frequency higher than 2 Hz, to an on-board communication terminal while the vehicle is running. The on-board communication terminal stores this high-frequency battery information. In response to a wake-up request from a cloud platform when the vehicle is stationary, the on-board communication terminal transmits the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. The cloud platform then detects the battery's safety status based on this high-frequency battery information. By collecting and utilizing high-frequency battery information, the safety status of the battery can be effectively detected. Furthermore, based on this information, the real-time battery status can be calculated more accurately, changes in the battery's mechanistic state can be more deeply identified, and accurate early warning of battery faults can be achieved more efficiently. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery safety status detection method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of another battery safety status detection method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery safety status detection device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0045] As described earlier, battery life, safety, and health status have gradually become key concerns for the public. Therefore, how to test the safety status of batteries has become a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field.

[0046] In related technologies, existing new energy vehicles do not have the function of uploading a large amount of battery information; the information uploaded is mainly low-frequency information.

[0047] The inventors of this application have developed a battery safety status detection method, device, equipment, and storage medium. By making full use of existing devices in new energy vehicles under different conditions, the invention enables the acquisition and use of specific high-frequency battery information, thereby enabling more accurate calculation of the real-time status of the battery, deeper discovery of changes in the battery's mechanistic state, and more efficient and accurate early warning of battery faults.

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0049] Method Implementation Examples

[0050] See Figure 1The figure is a schematic flowchart of a battery safety testing method provided in an embodiment of this application, including the following steps:

[0051] S101 utilizes the vehicle battery system to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation.

[0052] It should be noted that, in order to better utilize high-frequency battery information, the system can respond to collection commands sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, allowing the vehicle's battery system to transmit high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation. Alternatively, it can respond to pre-defined collection scenarios on the vehicle communication terminal, allowing the vehicle's battery system to transmit high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation. In other words, specific high-frequency battery information collection commands can be pre-issued from the cloud to the vehicle communication terminal, which can then implement them locally; the vehicle communication terminal can also predefine high-frequency collection scenarios.

[0053] In the embodiments provided in this application, the high-frequency battery information can be battery information collected at a frequency higher than 2Hz, battery information collected at a frequency higher than 5Hz, or battery information collected at a frequency higher than 10Hz. This setting method was obtained by the inventors of this application through a large number of experiments. Since the battery itself is in a real-time changing operating condition, too low a collection frequency may ignore some rapidly changing information. Therefore, the higher the collection frequency, the richer the high-frequency battery information that can be obtained, and the easier it is to detect the safety status of the battery more accurately.

[0054] S102, the high-frequency battery information is stored through the vehicle-mounted communication terminal.

[0055] It should be noted that the vehicle-mounted communication terminal can store the acquired high-frequency battery information for later use.

[0056] S103, in response to the wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform.

[0057] When the vehicle is stationary, the cloud platform can wake up the vehicle communication terminal, enabling the vehicle communication terminal to send the high-frequency battery information it stores to the cloud platform. This allows the cloud platform to obtain the high-frequency battery information and perform subsequent detection and processing based on the high-frequency battery information.

[0058] S104, The cloud platform is used to detect the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information.

[0059] In the embodiments provided in this application, as an example, the cloud platform can also acquire low-frequency battery information in real time while the vehicle is running. The frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz. The cloud platform, in conjunction with the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information, can detect the battery's safety status. By combining the low-frequency battery information uploaded while the vehicle is running, complete high- and low-frequency battery information can be obtained, thereby revealing the battery's complete operating status.

[0060] It should be noted that high-frequency information from the battery can not only be used to calculate the battery's real-time internal resistance, self-discharge, and other conditions, enabling more accurate online estimation of the battery's state; it can also detect changes in the battery's mechanistic state and abnormal conditions more promptly, achieving earlier warnings of battery failures and ensuring battery safety.

[0061] In the embodiments provided in this application, as an example, when an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, the cloud platform can be used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data. For example, when an abnormality in battery safety status is detected, the abnormal information can be displayed on the vehicle screen in the above manner, or on a terminal device bound to the vehicle, such as a mobile phone or computer, in the above manner. The abnormal information can also be broadcast through the vehicle's speakers in the above manner, so that vehicle occupants can be informed of the warning information in a timely manner, ensuring their personal safety.

[0062] The battery safety detection method provided in this application utilizes the vehicle battery system to send high-frequency battery information to an on-board communication terminal while the vehicle is running. The frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz. The on-board communication terminal stores the high-frequency battery information. In response to a wake-up request from a cloud platform to the on-board communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, the on-board communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. The cloud platform then detects the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information. By collecting and utilizing high-frequency battery information, the battery safety status can be detected more effectively. Furthermore, based on this high-frequency battery information, the real-time battery status can be calculated more accurately, changes in the battery's mechanistic state can be discovered more deeply, and accurate early warning of battery faults can be achieved more efficiently.

[0063] See Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of another battery safety status detection method provided in the embodiment of this application, which mainly involves three parts: vehicle battery system, vehicle communication terminal and cloud platform.

[0064] When the vehicle is running, the vehicle battery system sends specific high-frequency battery information to the onboard communication terminal, which stores the information. When the vehicle is stationary, the cloud platform wakes up the onboard communication terminal, which then sends the stored high-frequency battery information back to the cloud platform. After obtaining the high-frequency battery information, the cloud platform combines it with the low-frequency information uploaded during vehicle operation to obtain complete high- and low-frequency battery information, thus determining the battery's complete operating state. This high-frequency battery information can not only be used to calculate real-time internal resistance and self-discharge, enabling more accurate online estimation of battery status, but also to detect changes in battery mechanistic states and abnormal conditions more promptly, providing earlier warnings of battery failures and ensuring battery safety.

[0065] It should be noted that high-frequency battery information can be stored in the vehicle communication terminal; the cloud platform can obtain specific high-frequency and low-frequency information of the battery and perform real-time calculations on the battery status; and specific high-frequency information collection instructions can be pre-issued from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, which can then implement them locally; the vehicle communication terminal can also predefine high-frequency collection scenarios; at the same time, the cloud platform can also use high-frequency information to provide early warnings.

[0066] Another battery safety detection method provided in this application involves the vehicle battery system sending specific high-frequency battery information to an on-board communication terminal while the vehicle is running, and the on-board communication terminal storing this information. When the vehicle is stationary, the cloud platform wakes up the on-board communication terminal, which then sends the stored specific high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. After obtaining the high-frequency information of the battery, the cloud platform combines it with the low-frequency information uploaded during vehicle operation to obtain complete high- and low-frequency information of the battery, thereby obtaining the complete operating state of the battery. Obtaining the complete operating state of the battery not only allows for the calculation of real-time internal resistance, self-discharge, and other conditions, enabling more accurate online estimation of the battery state; it also allows for more timely detection of changes in the battery's mechanistic state and abnormal conditions, achieving earlier warnings of battery failures and ensuring battery safety.

[0067] Device Examples

[0068] See Figure 3 The figure is a schematic diagram of a battery safety detection device provided in an embodiment of this application, including: a high-frequency battery information first transmission module 301, a high-frequency battery information storage module 302, a high-frequency battery information second transmission module 303, and a battery safety status detection module 304.

[0069] The high-frequency battery information first transmission module 301 is used to transmit high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal during vehicle operation using the vehicle battery system, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz.

[0070] The high-frequency battery information storage module 302 is used to store the high-frequency battery information through the vehicle communication terminal;

[0071] The high-frequency battery information second transmission module 303 is used to respond to the wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, and the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform.

[0072] The battery safety status detection module 304 is used to detect the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform.

[0073] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0074] A low-frequency battery information acquisition module is used to acquire low-frequency battery information in real time during vehicle operation using a cloud platform, wherein the frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz.

[0075] The battery safety status detection module is specifically used to detect the battery safety status through the cloud platform, combining the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information.

[0076] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0077] The warning module is used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal via the cloud platform when an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data.

[0078] Optionally, the first high-frequency battery information sending module 301 is specifically used to respond to the collection command sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal using the vehicle battery system when the vehicle is running.

[0079] or,

[0080] Specifically, it is used to respond to the pre-set collection scenario of the vehicle communication terminal and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is running using the vehicle battery system.

[0081] This application provides a battery safety detection device that, through a high-frequency battery information first transmission module, a high-frequency battery information storage module, a high-frequency battery information second transmission module, and a battery safety status detection module, utilizes the vehicle battery system to transmit high-frequency battery information (with a frequency higher than 2 Hz) to an on-board communication terminal while the vehicle is running. The on-board communication terminal stores the high-frequency battery information. In response to a wake-up request from a cloud platform when the vehicle is stationary, the on-board communication terminal transmits the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. The cloud platform then detects the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information. By collecting and utilizing high-frequency battery information, the battery safety status can be effectively detected. Furthermore, based on this information, the real-time battery status can be calculated more accurately, changes in the battery's mechanistic state can be more deeply discovered, and accurate early warning of battery faults can be achieved more efficiently.

[0082] Electronic device examples

[0083] See Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of an electronic device structure provided in an embodiment of this application, including:

[0084] Memory 11 is used to store computer programs;

[0085] The processor 12 is configured to implement the steps of the battery safety detection method described in any of the above method embodiments when executing the computer program.

[0086] In this embodiment, the device can be an in-vehicle computer, a PC (Personal Computer), or a terminal device such as a smartphone, tablet computer, handheld computer, or portable computer.

[0087] The device may include a memory 11, a processor 12, and a bus 13.

[0088] The memory 11 includes at least one type of readable storage medium, such as flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory 11 can be an internal storage unit of the device, such as the hard disk of the device. In other embodiments, the memory 11 can also be an external storage device of the device, such as a plug-in hard disk, SmartMedia Card (SMC), Secure Digital (SD) card, Flash Card, etc. Furthermore, the memory 11 can include both internal and external storage units of the device. The memory 11 can be used not only to store application software and various types of data installed on the device, such as program code executing battery safety detection methods, but also to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0089] In some embodiments, processor 12 may be a central processing unit (CPU), controller, microcontroller, microprocessor or other data processing chip, used to run program code stored in memory 11 or process data, such as program code for executing a battery safety detection method.

[0090] This bus 13 can be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. This bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 4 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0091] Furthermore, the device may also include a network interface 14, which may optionally include a wired interface and / or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface, a Bluetooth interface, etc.), typically used to establish communication connections between the device and other electronic devices.

[0092] Optionally, the device may further include a user interface 15, which may include a display, an input unit such as a keyboard, and optionally, a standard wired interface or a wireless interface. Optionally, in some embodiments, the display may be an LED display, a liquid crystal display, a touch-sensitive liquid crystal display, or an OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) touchscreen, etc. The display may also be appropriately referred to as a screen or display unit, used to display information processed in the device and to display a visual user interface.

[0093] Figure 4 Only devices with components 11-15 are shown; those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the device and may include fewer or more components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0094] Readable storage medium embodiments

[0095] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the battery safety detection method described in any of the above method embodiments.

[0096] The storage medium may include various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0097] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the embodiments of apparatus, devices, and storage media, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiments. The apparatus, devices, and storage media embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components indicated as modules may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without creative effort.

[0098] The above description is merely one specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the safety status of a battery, characterized in that, The method includes: The vehicle battery system transmits high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation. The frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz. The high-frequency battery information is stored through the vehicle-mounted communication terminal; In response to a wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. The cloud platform is used to detect the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information; The low-frequency battery information is acquired in real time during vehicle operation using a cloud platform, wherein the frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz. The step of detecting battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform includes: The cloud platform is used to detect the battery safety status by combining the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, the cloud platform is used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of using the vehicle battery system to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal during vehicle operation includes: In response to the collection instructions sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, the vehicle battery system sends high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation. or, In response to the pre-set data collection scenario of the vehicle communication terminal, the vehicle battery system transmits high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal while the vehicle is in operation.

4. A battery safety status detection device, characterized in that, The device includes: A high-frequency battery information first transmission module is used to transmit high-frequency battery information to an on-board communication terminal using the vehicle battery system when the vehicle is running. The frequency of the high-frequency battery information is higher than 2 Hz. A high-frequency battery information storage module is used to store the high-frequency battery information through the vehicle communication terminal; The high-frequency battery information second transmission module is used to respond to the wake-up request from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is stationary, and the vehicle communication terminal sends the high-frequency battery information to the cloud platform. A battery safety status detection module is used to detect the battery safety status based on the high-frequency battery information through the cloud platform; A low-frequency battery information acquisition module is used to acquire low-frequency battery information in real time during vehicle operation using a cloud platform, wherein the frequency of the low-frequency battery information is less than or equal to 1 Hz. The battery safety status detection module is specifically used to detect the battery safety status through the cloud platform, combining the high-frequency battery information and the low-frequency battery information.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The device further includes: The warning module is used to send warning data to the vehicle communication terminal via the cloud platform when an abnormality is detected in the battery safety status, so that the vehicle communication terminal can send warning information to the vehicle display device and / or vehicle speaker device based on the warning data.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first high-frequency battery information transmission module is specifically used to respond to the collection command sent from the cloud platform to the vehicle communication terminal, and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal using the vehicle battery system when the vehicle is running. or, Specifically, it is used to respond to the pre-set collection scenario of the vehicle communication terminal and to send high-frequency battery information to the vehicle communication terminal when the vehicle is running using the vehicle battery system.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, configured to implement the steps of the battery safety state detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 when executing the computer program.

8. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the battery safety status detection method as described in any one of claims 1 to 3.

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