An energy dissipation structure and construction method that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes.

Abstract

This invention discloses an energy dissipation structure and construction method that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes in the field of flood discharge energy dissipation and hydraulic engineering construction technology. The structure includes sidewalls; a flood discharge channel section, an energy dissipation platform stage, a smooth connecting section, and a diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section, sequentially arranged between the two sidewalls along the water flow direction; and a diversion energy dissipation base anchored below the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section. The top elevation of the diversion energy dissipation base is greater than the low flood season water level of the reservoir but less than the high flood season water level of the reservoir. The downstream elevation of the energy dissipation platform stage is greater than the low non-flood season water level of the reservoir but less than the high non-flood season water level of the reservoir. This invention achieves the coordinated use of multiple energy dissipation methods through the sequential energy dissipation of the water flow by the energy dissipation platform stage and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flood discharge and energy dissipation and hydraulic engineering construction technology, specifically to an energy dissipation structure and construction method that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes. Background Technology

[0002] Energy dissipation mechanisms are engineering facilities built in spillway structures and drop structures to prevent or reduce the scouring and damage of water flow to hydraulic structures and downstream rivers and canals. Their purpose is to consume and disperse the energy of the water flow.

[0003] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, mountainous drainage channels have large gradients and significant annual flow variations. During the flood season, they discharge large volumes of floodwater carrying enormous energy. Furthermore, constrained by topographical and geological conditions and the influence of existing surrounding structures, concentrated energy dissipation must be achieved within a short area. Otherwise, improper handling can lead to damage to energy dissipation structures, slope collapses, and other accidents, affecting the safe and stable operation of the drainage channel. Relatively speaking, energy dissipation structures account for a high proportion of the total project investment, sometimes even reaching a quarter of the total investment. Therefore, the structural form of the energy dissipation structures in drainage channels is crucial to ensuring the economic rationality and technical feasibility of the drainage system.

[0004] When a flood discharge channel connects to an existing reservoir, during the non-flood season, the discharge flow is relatively small, the flow velocity is low, and the spillway distance is short, resulting in the outflow water striking the local bank. During the flood season, the discharge flow is large, the flow velocity is high, and the spillway distance is long, resulting in strong impact force of the outflow water, significant scouring depth in the reservoir area, and a high risk of slope collapse and instability on both banks. Currently, flood discharge channel energy dissipation structures employ four energy dissipation methods: bottom flow energy dissipation, surface flow energy dissipation, spillway energy dissipation, and jet flow energy dissipation. However, existing energy dissipation structures can only achieve one type of energy dissipation, leading to limited energy dissipation effects and increasingly failing to meet usage requirements.

[0005] Therefore, how to improve the energy dissipation effect of flood discharge channel energy dissipation structures has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes, so as to solve the technical problem that the energy dissipation effect of existing flood discharge channel energy dissipation structures cannot meet the requirements.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes, comprising:

[0008] Sidewall, wherein the sidewall is located on one side of the reservoir;

[0009] The energy dissipation platform stage is located between two sidewalls and is anchored to the slope rock layer.

[0010] A flow-dissipating energy base is provided below the downstream end of the sidewall, and the flow-dissipating energy base is anchored to the rock layer of the slope.

[0011] The energy dissipation in the flow is provided between two side walls and is anchored to the energy dissipation base below.

[0012] The flood discharge channel section is located between two side walls and is situated upstream of the energy dissipation platform stage.

[0013] A smooth connecting section is provided between two side walls, with the upstream end of the smooth connecting section at a higher position connected to the energy dissipation platform stage, and the downstream end of the smooth connecting section at a lower position connected to the jet flow energy dissipation reverse arc section.

[0014] A flow-dissipating energy-absorbing nose sill is provided between two side walls and is fixedly connected to the downstream end of the flow-dissipating energy-absorbing reverse arc section.

[0015] The top elevation of the energy dissipation base is greater than the low water level during the flood season and less than the high water level during the flood season and the low water level during the non-flood season of the reservoir. The downstream elevation of the energy dissipation platform stage is greater than the low water level during the non-flood season and less than the high water level during the non-flood season of the reservoir.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the flood discharge channel section, energy dissipation platform stage, smooth connection section, diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section, and diversion energy dissipation nose sill is provided with drainage blind material to reduce uplift pressure.

[0017] Preferably, the downstream side of the flow dissipation base is provided with a large stone foot protection.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the flow-dissipating energy base extends 2m to 4m beyond the downstream end of the flow-dissipating energy sill, and the bottom elevation of the flow-dissipating energy base is 3m to 5m higher than the low water level during the flood season of the reservoir.

[0019] Preferably, the angle of the flow-dissipating nose sill is 30°.

[0020] Preferably, the flood discharge channel section, energy dissipation platform stage, smooth connection section and diversion energy dissipation base are anchored to the slope rock layer by anchoring steel bars, and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section and diversion energy dissipation nose sill are anchored to the diversion energy dissipation base by anchoring steel bars.

[0021] Preferably, the radial dimension of the anchoring steel bar is 25mm, and it is inserted into the rock 2800mm during construction with 700mm exposed outside.

[0022] The second objective of this invention is to provide a construction method for an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0023] S10: During the flood season, as the water level in the reservoir drops, the construction of the diversion flow energy dissipation base, large stone foot protection, diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section, and diversion flow energy dissipation nose sill will be carried out successively.

[0024] S20: During the non-flood season, as the water level of the reservoir rises, the construction of the smooth connection section, the energy dissipation platform stage, and the flood discharge channel section will be carried out successively.

[0025] Preferably, S10 specifically includes:

[0026] S11: During the flood season, as the water level of the reservoir drops to the low level of the flood season, the foundation excavation of the flow dissipation base and the large stone foot protection shall be carried out simultaneously.

[0027] S12: Construct the anchoring reinforcement between the flow dissipation base and the slope rock layer;

[0028] S13: Lay the embedded stones of the jet energy dissipation base and pre-embed the anchoring steel bars between the jet energy dissipation base and the jet energy dissipation reverse arc section;

[0029] S14: Pour C20 concrete into the flow dissipation base. When the concrete strength of the flow dissipation base reaches 70% of the design strength, fill the large stone foot protection.

[0030] S15: Lay drainage blind material on the deflecting energy dissipation base, tie the reinforcing bars of the deflecting energy dissipation reverse arc section and the deflecting energy dissipation nose sill, weld the reinforcing bars of the deflecting energy dissipation reverse arc section to the anchoring reinforcing bars, and erect formwork to pour concrete for the deflecting energy dissipation reverse arc section and the deflecting energy dissipation nose sill.

[0031] Preferably, S20 specifically includes:

[0032] S21: Excavate the foundations of the smooth connecting section, energy dissipation platform stage, and flood discharge channel section from bottom to top;

[0033] S22: Construct the anchoring reinforcement between the smooth connecting section, the energy dissipation platform stage and the slope rock layer;

[0034] S23: Lay the drainage blind material at the bottom of the smooth connecting section, energy dissipation platform stage, and flood discharge channel section;

[0035] S24: Tie the reinforcing bars of the smooth connecting section, energy dissipation platform stage, and flood discharge channel section, and weld the reinforcing bars of the smooth connecting section and energy dissipation platform stage to the anchoring reinforcing bars;

[0036] S25: Concrete pouring is carried out for the smooth connection section, energy dissipation platform stage, and flood discharge channel section using the erected formwork. When the concrete strength of the smooth connection section, energy dissipation platform stage, and flood discharge channel section reaches 70% of the design strength, the formwork is removed.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0038] This invention utilizes the principles of spatial and temporal segmentation to set up an energy dissipation platform stage, a smooth connection section, and a diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section between the flood discharge channel section and the reservoir. By dissipating the energy of the water flow sequentially through the energy dissipation platform stage and the diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section, multiple energy dissipation methods are coordinated to maximize the energy dissipation effect. This not only maximizes the energy dissipation effect but also automatically changes the combination of energy dissipation methods according to the water level and flow rate to ensure the energy dissipation effect of the energy dissipation structure. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view along the water flow direction of the energy dissipation structure of the present invention, which takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a top view of the energy dissipation structure of the present invention that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first flow state of the water flow inside the energy dissipation structure of the present invention, which takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the second flow state of the water flow inside the energy dissipation structure of the present invention, which takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the third flow state of the water flow inside the energy dissipation structure of the present invention, which takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth flow state of the internal water flow in the energy dissipation structure of the present invention, which takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes.

[0045] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure:

[0046] 1. Sidewall; 2. Energy dissipation platform stage; 3. Flow dissipation base; 4. Flow dissipation reverse arc section; 5. Flood discharge channel section; 6. Smooth connection section; 7. Flow dissipation nose sill; 8. Reservoir; 9. Slope rock layer; 10. Drainage blind material; 11. Large stone toe protection; 12. Anchoring steel bars. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0050] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0051] After long-term research, the inventors discovered that existing energy dissipation structures are affected by both the flow rate in the drainage channel and the water level in the reservoir, resulting in poor energy dissipation performance due to instability.

[0052] Examples, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes is presented. This energy dissipation structure can automatically adjust the combination of various energy dissipation methods according to the water level changes in reservoir 8 and the flow rate changes in the flood discharge channel to ensure stable energy dissipation effect. The energy dissipation structure includes:

[0053] Side wall 1 is located on one side of reservoir 8.

[0054] Energy dissipation platform stage 2 is set between the two sidewalls 1 and is anchored to the slope rock layer 9.

[0055] The flow dissipation base 3 is located below the downstream end of the sidewall 1 and is anchored to the slope rock layer 9.

[0056] The energy dissipation inverted arc section 4 is set between the two side walls 1 and is anchored to the energy dissipation base 3 below.

[0057] The flood discharge channel section 5 is located between the two side walls 1 and is upstream of the energy dissipation platform stage 2 and connected to the energy dissipation platform stage 2.

[0058] Smooth connection section 6 is set between the two side walls 1. The upper end of the smooth connection section 6 is connected to the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the lower end of the smooth connection section 6 is connected to the jet flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4.

[0059] The energy dissipation sill 7 is installed between the two side walls 1 and is fixedly connected to the downstream end of the energy dissipation reverse arc section 4.

[0060] Among them, the top elevation of the energy dissipation base 3 is greater than the low water level of the reservoir 8 during the flood season and less than the high water level of the reservoir during the flood season and the low water level of the reservoir 8 during the non-flood season. The bottom elevation (i.e., the downstream elevation) of the energy dissipation platform stage 2 is greater than the low water level of the reservoir 8 during the non-flood season and less than the high water level of the reservoir during the non-flood season.

[0061] This application utilizes the principles of spatial and temporal segmentation to set up an energy dissipation platform stage 2, a smooth connection section 6, and a diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 between the flood discharge channel section 5 and the reservoir 8. The energy dissipation of the water flow can be achieved by the sequential energy dissipation of the energy dissipation platform stage 2 and the diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, thereby realizing the combination of various energy dissipation methods. This not only maximizes the energy dissipation effect, but also automatically changes the combination of energy dissipation methods according to the water level in the reservoir 8 and the flow rate in the drainage channel, so as to ensure the stability of the energy dissipation effect of the energy dissipation structure.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, drainage blind material 10 is provided at the bottom of the flood discharge channel section 5, energy dissipation platform stage 2, smooth connection section 6, diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7 to reduce uplift pressure; the drainage blind material 10 is used to drain water in time when the water level of the reservoir 8 drops suddenly, so as to reduce the uplift pressure at the bottom of the energy dissipation platform stage 2, smooth connection section 6 and diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a large stone retaining wall 11 is provided downstream of the jet flow energy dissipation base 3. This large stone retaining wall 11 can prevent the jet flow from creating large scour holes that could affect the slope and the safety of the jet flow energy dissipation base 3.

[0064] Preferably, the large stone foot protection 11 is constructed from a single piece of hard rock weighing more than 25 kg and thicker than 25 cm.

[0065] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the bottom of the diversion energy dissipation base 3 is located on the bedrock of the slope rock layer 9. In the direction of water flow, the length of the diversion energy dissipation base 3 extends 2m to 4m beyond the downstream end of the diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7, and the bottom elevation of the diversion energy dissipation base 3 is 3m to 5m higher than the low flood level of the reservoir 8, that is, the bottom elevation of the diversion energy dissipation base 3 is 3m to 5m higher than the flood control limit level of the reservoir 8.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, the angle of the draft energy dissipation nose sill 7 is 30°. The angle of the draft energy dissipation nose sill 7 is the angle between the tangential direction of the sill end and the horizontal direction. Setting the angle of the draft energy dissipation nose sill to 30° can ensure that the draft water tongue is far away from the draft energy dissipation base 3, and prevent the crater generated by the draft water tongue from causing damage to the draft energy dissipation base 3.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connecting section 6, and the diversion energy dissipation base 3 are anchored to the slope rock layer 9 via anchoring steel bars 12. The diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7 are also anchored to the diversion energy dissipation base 3 via anchoring steel bars 12. By fixing the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connecting section 6, the diversion energy dissipation base 3, and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 to the slope rock layer 9 via anchoring steel bars 12, it is possible to prevent the pulsating pressure or impact force generated by the high-speed water flow from damaging the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connecting section 6, and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4.

[0068] Preferably, the diameter of the anchoring steel bar 12 is 25mm, and it is inserted into the rock 2800mm during construction with 700mm exposed outside.

[0069] Specific embodiment 1, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes includes: anchoring steel bars 12, large stone toe protection 11, a diversion energy dissipation base 3, drainage blind material 10, a diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7, a diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, a smooth connecting section 6, an energy dissipation platform stage 2, a flood discharge channel section 5, and a sidewall 1; wherein, the sidewall 1 is fixedly installed on both sides of the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, the smooth connecting section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the flood discharge channel section 5; the flood discharge channel section 5 is located upstream of the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connecting section 6 is located downstream of the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 is located at the smooth connecting section 6. Downstream, the energy dissipation nose sill 7 is set at the downstream end of the energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, the energy dissipation base 3 is set below the energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, and the large stone foot protection 11 is set downstream of the energy dissipation base 3; the drainage blind material 10 is set at the bottom of the flood discharge channel section 5, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connection section 6, and the energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, and some of the anchoring steel bars 12 are anchored between the flood discharge channel section 5, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the smooth connection section 6, the energy dissipation base 3 and the slope rock layer 9, and some of the anchoring steel bars 12 are anchored between the energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the energy dissipation base 3.

[0070] An example is a construction method for an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes. The method includes the following steps:

[0071] S10: During the flood season, as the water level of reservoir 8 dropped, the construction of the diversion flow energy dissipation base 3, the large stone foot protection 11, the diversion flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, and the diversion flow energy dissipation nose sill 7 were carried out successively.

[0072] S20: During the non-flood season, as the water level of Reservoir 8 rises, construction will be carried out successively on the smooth connection section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the flood discharge channel section 5.

[0073] In one specific embodiment, S10 specifically includes:

[0074] S11: During the flood season, as the water level of reservoir 8 drops to the low level of the flood season (flood control limit level), the foundation excavation of the flow dissipation base 3 and the large stone foot protection 11 shall be carried out simultaneously to ensure that the foundation excavation of the flow dissipation base 3 and the large stone foot protection 11 is completed when the water level of reservoir 8 drops to the flood control limit level.

[0075] S12: Construct the anchoring steel bar 12 between the flow dissipation base 3 and the slope rock layer 9. The anchoring steel bar 12 uses Φ25 steel bars, which are inserted into the rock for 2.80m and exposed for 0.70m.

[0076] S13: Lay the embedded stones of the draft flow energy dissipation base 3, and pre-embed the anchoring steel bars between the draft flow energy dissipation base 3 and the draft flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4; specifically:

[0077] First, lay a layer of 8-15cm thick concrete as a base, then insert the embedded stones 4-8cm into the concrete. The strength grade of the embedded stones should not be lower than MU30, the minimum thickness in the middle should not be less than 20cm, and should not be greater than 1 / 3 of the minimum width of the poured part, and not greater than 30cm.

[0078] The embedded stones should be evenly arranged with the larger surface facing down and the smaller surface facing up. The spacing between the embedded stones should be no less than 10cm, and the distance from the formwork should be no less than 15cm. The embedded stone ratio of the concrete of the flow dissipation base 3 should be 25%.

[0079] S14: After the buried stones are laid, pour C20 concrete to fill all gaps in the flow dissipation base 3, and then lay the buried stones and pour concrete layer by layer until the top surface of the foundation is reached, ensuring that the top of the buried stones is covered with concrete of not less than 10cm thickness; when the concrete strength of the flow dissipation base 3 reaches 70% of the design strength, large stone foot protection 11 is thrown in; the large stone foot protection 11 is constructed by throwing in, and the strength grade of the large stones is not lower than MU30.

[0080] S15: After the large stone foot protection is completed, drainage blind material 10 is laid on the flow dissipation base 3, the steel bars of the flow dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the flow dissipation nose sill 7 are tied, the steel bars of the flow dissipation reverse arc section 4 are welded to the anchoring steel bars 12, and the C40 concrete of the flow dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the flow dissipation nose sill 7 is poured.

[0081] In one specific embodiment, S20 specifically includes:

[0082] S21: Excavate the foundations of the smooth connecting section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the flood discharge channel section 5 from bottom to top.

[0083] S22: Construct the anchoring steel bar 12 between the smooth connection section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2 and the slope rock layer 9. The anchoring steel bar is Φ25 steel bar, with 2.80m embedded in the rock and 0.70m exposed outside.

[0084] S23: Lay out the drainage blind material 10 at the bottom of the smooth connecting section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the flood discharge channel section 5.

[0085] S24: Tie the reinforcing bars of the smooth connecting section 6, the energy dissipation platform stage 2, and the flood discharge channel section 5, and weld the reinforcing bars of the smooth connecting section 6 and the energy dissipation platform stage 2 to the anchoring reinforcing bars 12.

[0086] S25: Pour C40 concrete into the smooth connection section 6, energy dissipation platform stage 2, and flood drainage channel section 5 using the formwork. Remove the formwork when the concrete strength of the smooth connection section 6, energy dissipation platform stage 2, and flood drainage channel section 5 reaches 70% of the design strength.

[0087] The energy dissipation process of the energy dissipation structure in this application is as follows:

[0088] The energy dissipation structure in this application adopts a structural form of "energy dissipation step + smooth connection + jet energy dissipation". The water flow in stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform is a sliding flow or a water tongue flow. The water flow generates air entrainment or waterfalls and hydraulic jumps in the drop zone. The surface of the overflow of stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform has high frictional resistance and a lot of air entrainment. Energy dissipation is achieved through frictional resistance, air entrainment or waterfalls and hydraulic jumps, which helps to reduce the water flow velocity. After the water flow passes through stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform, it can pass through the smooth connection section 6 to smooth the water flow, which helps to better jet the water flow. After the water flows smoothly through the smooth connecting section 6, it can be projected into the air through the jet energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the jet energy dissipation nose sill 7, where a large amount of air is mixed in, forming a gradually spreading water tongue, which helps to dissipate energy; the jet energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 can also function as a stilling pool; the water tongue falls into the downstream water cushion, which is far from the jet energy dissipation base 3, which helps to protect the safety of the jet energy dissipation structure; the jet distance can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the jet energy dissipation nose sill 7.

[0089] like Figure 3As shown, during the flood season, the water level of reservoir 8 is lowered to the flood control limit level, and the water level of reservoir 8 is lower than the top elevation of the diversion energy dissipation base 3. When the discharge flow of flood discharge channel section 5 is large, the water in flood discharge channel section 5 forms aeration energy dissipation I on the energy dissipation platform stage 2. After the smooth connection section 6 smooths the water flow, it forms a diversion water tongue through the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7. The diversion water tongue diffuses and aerates in the air to achieve diversion energy dissipation II. The diversion water tongue falls into the reservoir water cushion pond to achieve impact collision energy dissipation. The combination of the three energy dissipation forms of aeration energy dissipation I in energy dissipation platform stage 2, diversion energy dissipation II of diversion water tongue, and impact collision energy dissipation of water tongue and water cushion improves the energy dissipation efficiency of flood discharge channel under low water level and high flow conditions.

[0090] like Figure 4 As shown, during the flood season, after the reservoir 8 has impounded the floodwater, the water level of the reservoir 8 is higher than the top elevation of the diversion energy dissipation base 3 but lower than the top elevation of the diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7. When the discharge flow of the flood discharge channel section 5 is small, the incoming water of the flood discharge channel section 5 forms a waterfall and hydraulic jump energy dissipation III (also accompanied by aeration energy dissipation) on the energy dissipation platform stage 2. After the smooth connection section 6 smooths the water flow, the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section 4 and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill 7 form a diversion water tongue. The diversion water tongue diffuses and aerates in the air to achieve diversion energy dissipation IV. The diversion water tongue falls into the reservoir's water cushion pond to achieve impact collision energy dissipation. The combined application of the three energy dissipation forms—the waterfall and hydraulic jump energy dissipation III of the energy dissipation platform stage 2, the diversion energy dissipation IV of the diversion water tongue, and the impact collision energy dissipation of the water tongue and the water cushion—improves the energy dissipation efficiency of the flood discharge channel under medium water level and small flow conditions.

[0091] like Figure 5 As shown, during the non-flood season, when irrigation and power generation are carried out, the water level of reservoir 8 is higher than the top elevation of the sill 7 and lower than the downstream elevation of stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform. The reverse arc section 4 of the sill energy dissipation platform acts as an energy dissipation pool. When the discharge flow of the flood discharge channel section 5 is small, the incoming water of the flood discharge channel section 5 forms a drop and hydraulic jump energy dissipation V on stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform. After the smooth connection section 6 smooths the water flow, a bottom flow hydraulic jump energy dissipation VI is formed in the reverse arc section 4 of the sill energy dissipation platform. The combined application of the two energy dissipation forms, namely the drop and hydraulic jump energy dissipation V of stage 2 of the energy dissipation platform and the bottom flow hydraulic jump energy dissipation VI in the reverse arc section 4 of the sill energy dissipation platform, improves the energy dissipation efficiency of the flood discharge channel under high water level and low flow conditions.

[0092] like Figure 6As shown, during the non-flood season, when irrigation and power generation are carried out, the water level of reservoir 8 is higher than the downstream elevation of energy dissipation stage 2. When the discharge flow of flood discharge channel section 5 is small, the incoming water of flood discharge channel section 5 forms a waterfall and hydraulic jump energy dissipation VII on energy dissipation stage 2, accompanied by aeration energy dissipation. The aerated water jet directly rushes into the water cushion pond enclosed by the smooth connecting section 6, the jet flow energy dissipation reverse arc section 4, and the side wall 1, realizing impact collision aeration energy dissipation VIII. The combined application of the two energy dissipation forms of waterfall and hydraulic jump energy dissipation VII and impact collision aeration energy dissipation VIII of water flow and water cushion in energy dissipation stage 2 improves the energy dissipation efficiency of the flood discharge channel under high water level and low flow conditions.

[0093] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0094] 1. The energy dissipation structure in this application has four energy dissipation methods, which can realize the combined application of step energy dissipation, jet flow energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation and impact collision energy dissipation, so as to minimize the kinetic energy of the discharged flood, improve the energy dissipation efficiency, and significantly reduce the adverse effects of flood on the reservoir bank slope.

[0095] 2. The energy dissipation structure in this application can adapt to the water level changes at the end of the flood discharge channel. By combining the application of three energy dissipation forms—aeration energy dissipation at the energy dissipation platform stage, diffusion aeration energy dissipation of the jet water tongue, and impact collision energy dissipation of the water tongue and the water cushion—it meets the energy dissipation requirements at the end of the flood discharge channel under low water level conditions, ensuring energy dissipation efficiency. By combining the application of three energy dissipation forms—drop and hydraulic jump energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation, and impact collision energy dissipation of the aerated water tongue and the water cushion pond—it meets the energy dissipation requirements at the end of the flood discharge channel under high water level conditions, ensuring energy dissipation efficiency.

[0096] 3. The energy dissipation structure in this application can adapt to the flow changes of the flood discharge channel. When the discharge flow is large during the flood season, the kinetic energy of the water is large. The kinetic energy of the water can be fully reduced through the aeration energy dissipation of the energy dissipation platform stage, the diffusion aeration energy dissipation of the jet water tongue, and the impact collision energy dissipation of the jet water tongue and the water cushion pond. When the discharge flow is small during the non-flood season, the kinetic energy of the water is small. The kinetic energy of the water can be reduced through the drop and water jump energy dissipation of the energy dissipation steps, the bottom flow energy dissipation and the impact collision energy dissipation, so as to flexibly ensure the energy dissipation efficiency under different flow conditions.

[0097] 4. The angle of the energy dissipation nose sill in this application is 30°, which ensures that the jet water is far away from the surrounding buildings at the end of the flood discharge channel, thus guaranteeing the safety of the surrounding buildings at the end of the flood discharge channel.

[0098] 5. The bottom elevation of the jet-flow energy dissipation base in this application is 3.0 to 5.0m higher than the flood control limit water level of the reservoir, and the jet-flow energy dissipation nose has a water-blocking effect of about 1.5 to 2.0m, which creates dry construction conditions, saves on construction cofferdams, and reduces project investment.

[0099] 6. The energy dissipation base of the flow-through system in this application is made of C20 embedded stone concrete. Large stones are used for foot protection after the energy dissipation base. This can make full use of the excavated stone materials on site, reduce the amount of waste on site, facilitate on-site construction, and save on project investment.

[0100] 7. The drainage blind material in this application can quickly drain the groundwater in the energy dissipation platform stage and the smooth connection section when the reservoir water level drops sharply, effectively reducing the bottom uplift pressure of the energy dissipation platform stage and the smooth connection section, thereby reducing the thickness of the bottom plate of the energy dissipation platform stage and the smooth connection section and saving project investment.

[0101] 8. The construction method in this application makes reasonable use of the changes in water level in the reservoir to arrange the structure and process. Through the flexible combination of aeration energy dissipation, water drop and water jump energy dissipation, jet flow energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation and impact collision energy dissipation, it not only ensures the energy dissipation effect under different water levels and flow rates, but also facilitates on-site construction and reduces project investment.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes, characterized in that, include: Side wall (1), said side wall (1) is set on one side of reservoir (8); Energy dissipation platform stage (2), wherein the energy dissipation platform stage (2) is set between two side walls (1), and the energy dissipation platform stage (2) is anchored to the slope rock layer (9); A flow-dissipating energy base (3) is provided below the downstream end of the sidewall (1) and is anchored to the slope rock layer (9). The flow dissipation and energy dissipation reverse arc section (4) is set between two side walls (1) and the flow dissipation and energy dissipation reverse arc section (4) is anchored to the flow dissipation and energy dissipation base (3) below. The flood discharge channel section (5) is located between two side walls (1) and is located upstream of the energy dissipation platform stage (2); Smooth connection section (6), the smooth connection section (6) is set between two side walls (1), and the smooth connection section (6) is connected to the energy dissipation platform stage (2) at the high upstream end, and the smooth connection section (6) is connected to the jet flow energy dissipation reverse arc section (4) at the low downstream end. A flow-dissipating energy-absorbing nose sill (7) is provided between two side walls (1) and is fixedly connected to the downstream end of the flow-dissipating energy-absorbing reverse arc section (4). The top elevation of the energy dissipation base (3) is greater than the low water level during the flood season of the reservoir (8) and less than the high water level during the flood season and the low water level during the non-flood season of the reservoir (8). The downstream elevation of the energy dissipation platform stage (2) is greater than the low water level during the non-flood season of the reservoir (8) and less than the high water level during the non-flood season of the reservoir.

2. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the flood discharge channel section (5), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), the smooth connection section (6), the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section (4), and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill (7) are provided with drainage blind material (10) to reduce uplift pressure.

3. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downstream of the flow dissipation base (3) is provided with a large stone foot protection (11).

4. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the energy dissipation base (3) extends 2m to 4m beyond the downstream end of the energy dissipation sill (7), and the bottom elevation of the energy dissipation base (3) is 3m to 5m higher than the low flood level of the reservoir (8).

5. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle of the energy dissipation nose sill (7) is 30°.

6. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flood discharge channel section (5), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), the smooth connection section (6) and the diversion energy dissipation base (3) are anchored to the slope rock layer (9) by anchoring steel bars (12), and the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section (4) and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill (7) are anchored to the diversion energy dissipation base (3) by anchoring steel bars (12).

7. The energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level changes and flow rate changes according to claim 6, characterized in that, The radial dimension of the anchoring steel bar (12) is 25mm, and it penetrates 2800mm into the rock during construction, with 700mm exposed outside.

8. A construction method for an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes, the construction method being used for the energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction method includes the following steps: S10: During the flood season, as the water level of the reservoir (8) drops, the construction of the diversion energy dissipation base (3), the large stone foot protection (11), the diversion energy dissipation reverse arc section (4) and the diversion energy dissipation nose sill (7) will be carried out in succession. S20: During the non-flood season, as the water level of the reservoir (8) rises, the construction of the smooth connection section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), and the flood discharge channel section (5) will be carried out in sequence.

9. A construction method for an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... S10 specifically includes: S11: During the flood season, as the water level of the reservoir (8) drops to the low level of the flood season, the foundation excavation of the jet flow energy dissipation base (3) and the large stone foot protection (11) is carried out simultaneously; S12: Construct the anchoring steel bars (12) between the flow dissipation base (3) and the slope rock layer (9); S13: Lay the buried stones of the jet energy dissipation base (3) and pre-embed the anchoring steel bars between the jet energy dissipation base (3) and the jet energy dissipation reverse arc section (4); S14: Pour C20 concrete into the flow dissipation base (3). When the concrete strength of the flow dissipation base (3) reaches 70% of the design strength, fill the large stone foot protection (11). S15: Lay drainage blind material (10) on the flow dissipation base (3), tie the reinforcing bars of the flow dissipation reverse arc section (4) and the flow dissipation nose sill (7), weld the reinforcing bars of the flow dissipation reverse arc section (4) to the anchoring reinforcing bars (12), and erect the formwork to pour concrete for the flow dissipation reverse arc section (4) and the flow dissipation nose sill (7).

10. A construction method for an energy dissipation structure that takes into account both water level and flow rate changes, as described in claim 8, characterized in that, S20 specifically includes: S21: Excavate the foundations of the smooth connecting section (6), energy dissipation platform stage (2), and flood discharge channel section (5) from bottom to top; S22: Construct the anchoring steel bars (12) between the smooth connecting section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2) and the slope rock layer (9); S23: Lay the drainage blind material (10) at the bottom of the smooth connecting section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), and the flood discharge channel section (5); S24: Tie the steel bars of the smooth connecting section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), and the flood discharge channel section (5), and weld the steel bars of the smooth connecting section (6) and the energy dissipation platform stage (2) to the anchoring steel bars (12); S25: The formwork is erected to pour concrete for the smooth connection section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), and the flood discharge channel section (5). When the concrete strength of the smooth connection section (6), the energy dissipation platform stage (2), and the flood discharge channel section (5) reaches 70% of the design strength, the formwork is removed.

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