A laser cladding device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to a laser cladding apparatus and method. The laser cladding apparatus includes a laser emitter, a cladding nozzle system, a powder feeding system, and a lens optical path system. The laser emitter is a CO2 laser emitter emitting a Gaussian beam. The cladding nozzle system includes a cooling water circulation pipe, a focusing mirror, a nozzle body, a protective mirror, and the nozzle itself. The powder feeding system is bi-pronged in shape, including two powder inlets and one powder outlet, with powder delivered via gas. The lens optical path system includes a support, a collimating mirror, a triangular conversion mirror, a flat-top beam shaping mirror, a circular beam shaping mirror, and a rectangular beam shaping mirror. This invention achieves beam type and beam shape conversion through the triangular conversion mirror and the shaping mirror, thereby adapting to different workpieces and improving work efficiency. The cooling water circulation pipe within the cladding nozzle system cools the focusing mirror, extending the lifespan of the apparatus.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser cladding technology, and specifically to a laser cladding apparatus and method. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding technology is a process that uses high-energy lasers to melt metal powder or wire and bond it to a substrate to form a metallic surface coating, thereby enhancing the surface properties of the substrate. This process can improve the wear resistance and hardness of the substrate, thus extending its lifespan. The laser beam shape typically includes rectangular and circular. When processing requires high orientation and control, a rectangular spot is usually a better choice; when processing requires a more uniform heating effect, a circular spot is usually a better choice. Current laser cladding devices often only emit lasers of one shape. Furthermore, due to the high energy of the laser beam, the device generates significant heat during the laser beam path conversion, affecting its lifespan. Therefore, current laser cladding devices suffer from limitations in application scenarios, inability to handle different workpieces, lack of flexibility in adjusting the laser shape, and severe heat generation. Therefore, this paper proposes a laser cladding device and a cladding method based on this device to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the limitations of existing laser cladding devices in terms of application scenarios, inability to process different workpieces, inability to flexibly adjust laser shape, and severe heat generation, this invention provides a laser cladding device and a cladding method based on the device.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a laser cladding device, characterized in that it includes: a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder feeding system (3), a lens optical path system (4), and a cooling system (5); the cladding nozzle system (2) includes a nozzle body (201), a cover plate (202), a first sealing ring (203), a focusing mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a washer (208), an internal hexagonal nut (209), and a cooling water circulation pipe (210); the powder feeding system (3) includes a powder feeding pipe (301), a powder feeding inlet (302), a powder feeding outlet (303), and a fixing groove (304); the lens optical path system (4) includes a chamber (401), a shaping lens barrel (402), a groove (403), a rectangular shaping mirror (404), a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405), and a circular The lens optical system (4) comprises a reshaping lens (406), a triangular conversion lens (407), a large washer (408), a small washer (409), a second sealing ring (410), bearing A (411), bearing B (412), bearing C (413), a wheel (414), an internal hexagonal stud (415), and a connecting lens barrel (416); the lens optical path system (4) has two optical path channels, one of which contains a circular reshaping lens (406), and the other of which contains a... A flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a rectangular beam shaping mirror (404) and a triangular conversion mirror (407) are rotatably disposed in the cavity (401). By rotating the triangular conversion mirror (407), the laser beam can be selectively guided to two optical path channels to achieve the switching between circular and rectangular light spots. The cooling system (5) includes a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502). The short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipe (210).

[0005] Furthermore, the laser emitter (1) is a CO2 laser emitter, emitting a Gaussian beam with a wavelength of 10.6 μm. The effective power is between 20kW and 50kW.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper half of the nozzle body (201) is a cavity structure, and the lower half is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of the lower wall. The inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) has a threaded line. The left outer wall is provided with a cooling water circulation pipe (210) and a sealing ring groove (211). The left inner wall is provided with a lens groove (2011). The right wall is provided with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) along the normal direction. The connecting cylinder hole A (2013) is provided with two threaded holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. A focusing reflector (204) is bonded to the lens groove (2011) with high temperature resistant adhesive. The cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall of the nozzle body. A first sealing ring (203) is clamped in the sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall.

[0007] Furthermore, in the powder conveying system (3), the powder conveying pipe (301) is in the shape of a double trident. The upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has two powder inlets (302), and the lower end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has a powder outlet (303). A cylindrical opening-shaped fixing groove (304) is provided at the center symmetrical position of the powder conveying pipe (301) for positioning and installation of the powder conveying pipe (301).

[0008] Furthermore, the lens optical path system (4) has a symmetrical structure. A rectangular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the front and rear side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). A circular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the left and right side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). The chamber (401) has a rectangular cavity structure. The upper surface of the chamber (401) is a cylindrical connecting lens tube (416), which is connected to the laser emitter (1) via grooves (403) on the upper surface and threads on the inner wall. The four sides of the chamber (401) are provided with stepped connecting tube holes B (4011). Four evenly distributed holes are provided on the circumference of the connecting tube holes B (4011). A countersunk threaded hole (4012); the left rear edge and right front edge of the chamber (401) are respectively provided with fan-shaped circular grooves (4014); the fan-shaped circular grooves (4014) are bonded with powder conveying pipes (301) by high temperature resistant adhesive; the shaping lens barrel (402) is a cylindrical ring, and the cylindrical surface is provided with stepped circular ring A (4021) and stepped circular ring B (4022). The stepped circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle body (201) are matched and a third sealing ring (417) is provided. They are connected by locking studs (418). The stepped circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber are matched. The combined structure is equipped with a third sealing ring (417), which is locked and connected by an internal hexagonal stud (415) and a countersunk threaded hole (4012); in the rectangular shaping lens tube part, the inner wall stepped groove of the left end face of the shaping lens tube (402) is bonded with a rectangular shaping lens (404) using high temperature resistant adhesive, and a small washer (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber; in the circular shaping lens tube part, a small washer (409), a circular shaping lens (406) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a short annular column (4013), and the short annular column is provided with a 90° sector groove (40131); the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a protrusion (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is installed in the short annular column (4013), the protrusion (4071) is exactly in the 90° sector groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within the range of 0-90°, and from top to bottom are bearing A (411), bearing B (412), wheel (414) and bearing C (413), the bearing C (413) is installed in the fixed groove (304) of the powder conveying system.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling system (5) includes 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502); one end of the short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipeline (210), and the other end is connected to the long water pipe (502).

[0011] Furthermore, a laser cladding method based on the above laser cladding device includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Surface treatment of the workpiece. Clean the surface of the workpiece to be processed. After cleaning and drying, use sandpaper to perform simple treatment on the rough surface. Then preheat the workpiece for a period of time.

[0013] Step 2: Adjust the inspection device. Determine the laser shape to be used based on the shape, material, and processing requirements of the workpiece. Rotate the wheel to adjust the angle of the triangular conversion mirror to 0° or 90°. Check the installation accuracy of the circular shaping mirror, rectangular shaping mirror, flat-top beam shaping mirror, and focusing mirror. Connect the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and observe whether the pipeline is normal. Connect the powder conveying system inlet and observe whether the outlet is discharging powder normally. Check the sealing rings of each part to ensure that the device is well sealed.

[0014] Step 3: Set process parameters. Set process parameters according to the shape, material and processing requirements of the workpiece to be processed, including laser power, scanning rate, overlap rate and spot diameter. At the same time, clamp the workpiece to be processed and set the cladding trajectory of the device.

[0015] Step 4: Start the cladding device. After checking and setting, start the device, perform cladding according to the predetermined trajectory, and monitor the surface molten pool and cladding layer in real time. Adjust the process parameters as needed.

[0016] Furthermore, the performance parameters of the alloy powder used for cladding are as follows:

[0017] Carbon content: 50-60 ppm;

[0018] Oxygen content: 100-120 ppm;

[0019] Average particle size: 40.0-45.0 μm;

[0020] Sphericity: ≥95%;

[0021] Flowability: 30-35 seconds / 50g;

[0022] Loose packing density: 4.30-4.50 g / cm³ 3 .

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0024] (1) A flat-top light shaping mirror and a rotatable and adjustable conversion mirror are installed in the device chamber to realize the conversion of circular light spot to rectangular light spot, which is beneficial to the processing of different workpieces and avoids the single use.

[0025] (2) Setting up a circulating cooling system on the device can reduce the serious problem of device overheating caused by laser and improve the service life of the device.

[0026] (3) The device is equipped with four laser nozzles. When outputting circular or rectangular lasers, two nozzles work simultaneously. It also adopts a coaxial powder feeding method, which improves the working efficiency and actual effect of cladding. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a 3D model of a laser cladding device.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the cladding nozzle system.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the nozzle body.

[0030] Figure 4 This is a 3D model of the cladding nozzle system.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the powder delivery system.

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view A of the lens optical path system.

[0033] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view B of the lens optical path system.

[0034] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the connection between the chamber and the triangular conversion mirror.

[0035] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the connection between the two ends of the orthopedic endoscope tube.

[0036] In the diagram: 1. Laser emitter, 2. Cladding nozzle system, 3. Powder feeding system, 4. Lens optical path system, 5. Cooling system, 201. Nozzle body, 202. Cover plate, 203. Sealing ring, 204. Focusing mirror, 205. Protective lens barrel, 206. Protective lens, 207. Nozzle, 208. Washer, 209. Socket head nut, 210. Cooling water circulation pipe, 211. Sealing ring groove, 2011. Lens groove, 2012. Protective lens barrel hole, 2013. Connecting cylinder hole A, 301. Powder feeding pipe, 302. Powder feeding inlet, 303. Powder feeding outlet, 401. Chamber, 402. Shaping lens barrel, 403. Groove, 404. Rectangular Shaping mirror, 405. Flat-top beam shaping mirror, 406. Circular shaping mirror, 407. Triangular conversion mirror, 408. Large washer, 409. Small washer, 410. Sealing ring, 411. Bearing A, 412. Bearing B, 413. Bearing C, 414. Wheel, 415. Socket hexagon stud, 416. Connecting mirror tube, 417. Sealing ring, 418. Locking stud, 4011. Connecting cylinder hole B, 4012. Countersunk threaded hole, 4013. Circular short post, 4014. Sector-shaped groove, 40131. Sector-shaped groove, 4021. Stepped circular ring A, 4022. Stepped circular ring B, 4071. Protrusion, 501. Short water pipe, 502. Long water pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any modification to the structure, change in the proportional relationship, or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0038] like Figure 1-9As shown, the present invention provides a laser cladding device, which mainly consists of a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder feeding system (3), a lens optical path system (4), and a cooling system (5). The cladding nozzle system (2) includes a nozzle body (201), a cover plate (202), a first sealing ring (203), a focusing mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a washer (208), an internal hexagonal nut (209), and a cooling water circulation pipe (210). The powder feeding system (3) includes a powder feeding pipe (301), a powder feeding inlet (302), a powder feeding outlet (303), and a fixing groove (304). The lens optical path system (4) includes a chamber (401), a shaping lens barrel (402), a groove (403), a rectangular shaping lens (404), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405), a circular shaping lens (406), and a three-dimensional beam shaping lens. The system includes a triangular conversion mirror (407), a large washer (408), a small washer (409), a second sealing ring (410), bearing A (411), bearing B (412), bearing C (413), a wheel (414), an internal hexagonal stud (415), and a connecting lens barrel (416). The lens optical path system (4) has two optical path channels. One optical path channel is equipped with a circular shaping mirror (406), and the other optical path channel is equipped with a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a rectangular shaping mirror (404). The triangular conversion mirror (407) is rotatably installed in the cavity (401). By rotating the triangular conversion mirror (407), the laser beam can be selectively guided to one of the two optical path channels to achieve the switching between a circular spot and a rectangular spot. The cooling system (5) includes a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502). The short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipe (210).

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the laser emitter (1) is a CO2 laser emitter, emitting a Gaussian beam with a wavelength of 10.6 μm and an effective power between 20 kW and 50 kW.

[0040] like Figure 2 , 3As shown in Figure 4, the upper half of the nozzle body (201) is a cavity structure, and the lower half is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of the lower wall. The inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) has a threaded line. The left outer wall is provided with a cooling water circulation pipe (210) and a sealing ring groove (211). The left inner wall is provided with a lens groove (2011). The right wall is provided with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) along the normal direction. The connecting cylinder hole A (2013) is provided with two threaded holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. A focusing reflector (204) is bonded to the lens groove (2011) with high temperature resistant adhesive. The cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall of the nozzle body. A first sealing ring (203) is clamped in the sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the powder conveying system (3) has a powder conveying pipe (301) in the shape of a double trident. The upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has two powder inlets (302), and the lower end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has a powder outlet (303). A cylindrical opening-shaped fixing groove (304) is provided at the center symmetrical position of the powder conveying pipe (301) for positioning and installation of the powder conveying pipe (301).

[0042] like Figure 6 , 7As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the lens optical path system (4) has a symmetrical structure. A rectangular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the front and rear side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). A circular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the left and right side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). The chamber (401) has a rectangular cavity structure. The upper surface of the chamber (401) is a cylindrical connecting lens tube (416), which is connected to the laser emitter (1) via grooves (403) on the upper surface and threads on the inner wall. The four sides of the chamber (401) are provided with stepped connecting tube holes B (4011). Four evenly distributed holes are provided on the circumference of the connecting tube holes B (4011). A countersunk threaded hole (4012); the left rear edge and right front edge of the chamber (401) are respectively provided with fan-shaped circular grooves (4014); the fan-shaped circular grooves (4014) are bonded with powder conveying pipes (301) by high temperature resistant adhesive; the shaping lens barrel (402) is a cylindrical ring, and the cylindrical surface is provided with stepped circular ring A (4021) and stepped circular ring B (4022). The stepped circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle body (201) are matched and a third sealing ring (417) is provided. They are connected by locking studs (418). The stepped circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber are matched. The combined structure is equipped with a third sealing ring (417), which is locked and connected by an internal hexagonal stud (415) and a countersunk threaded hole (4012); in the rectangular shaping lens tube part, the inner wall stepped groove of the left end face of the shaping lens tube (402) is bonded with a rectangular shaping lens (404) using high temperature resistant adhesive, and a small washer (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber; in the circular shaping lens tube part, a small washer (409), a circular shaping lens (406) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber.

[0043] like Figure 6 , 7As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a short annular column (4013), and the short annular column is provided with a 90° sector groove (40131); the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a protrusion (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is installed in the short annular column (4013), the protrusion (4071) is exactly in the 90° sector groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within the range of 0-90°, and from top to bottom are bearing A (411), bearing B (412), wheel (414) and bearing C (413), the bearing C (413) is installed in the fixed groove (304) of the powder conveying system.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the cooling system (5) includes 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502); one end of the short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipeline (210), and the other end is connected to the long water pipe (502).

[0045] Furthermore, a cladding method based on the above-mentioned laser cladding device includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Surface treatment of the workpiece. Clean the surface of the workpiece to be processed. After cleaning and drying, use sandpaper to perform simple treatment on the rough surface. Then preheat the workpiece for a period of time.

[0047] Step 2: Adjust the inspection device. Determine the laser shape to be used based on the shape, material, and processing requirements of the workpiece. Rotate the wheel to adjust the angle of the triangular conversion mirror to 0° or 90°. Check the installation accuracy of the circular shaping mirror, rectangular shaping mirror, flat-top beam shaping mirror, and focusing mirror. Connect the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and observe whether the pipeline is normal. Connect the powder conveying system inlet and observe whether the outlet is discharging powder normally. Check the sealing rings of each part to ensure that the device is well sealed.

[0048] Step 3: Set process parameters. Set process parameters according to the shape, material and processing requirements of the workpiece to be processed, including laser power, scanning rate, overlap rate and spot diameter. At the same time, clamp the workpiece to be processed and set the cladding trajectory of the device.

[0049] Step 4: Start the cladding device. After checking and setting, start the device, perform cladding according to the predetermined trajectory, and monitor the surface molten pool and cladding layer in real time. Adjust the process parameters as needed.

Claims

1. A laser cladding device, characterized in that, include: The system comprises a laser emitter (1), a cladding nozzle system (2), a powder feeding system (3), a lens optical path system (4), and a cooling system (5); the cladding nozzle system (2) includes a nozzle body (201), a cover plate (202), a first sealing ring (203), a focusing mirror (204), a protective lens barrel (205), a protective lens (206), a nozzle (207), a washer (208), an internal hexagonal nut (209), and a cooling water circulation pipe (210); the powder feeding system (3) includes a powder feeding pipe (301), a powder feeding inlet (302), a powder feeding outlet (303), and a fixing groove (304); the lens optical path system (4) includes a chamber (401), a shaping lens barrel (402), a groove (403), a rectangular shaping mirror (404), a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405), a circular shaping mirror (406), and a triangular conversion mirror (407). The system includes a large washer (408), a small washer (409), a second sealing ring (410), bearing A (411), bearing B (412), bearing C (413), a wheel (414), an internal hexagonal stud (415), and a connecting lens barrel (416). The lens optical path system (4) has two optical path channels. One optical path channel is equipped with a circular shaping mirror (406), and the other optical path channel is equipped with a flat-top beam shaping mirror (405) and a rectangular shaping mirror (404). A triangular conversion mirror (407) is rotatably installed in the cavity (401). By rotating the triangular conversion mirror (407), the laser beam can be selectively guided to one of the two optical path channels to achieve the switching between a circular spot and a rectangular spot. The cooling system (5) includes a short water pipe (501) and a long water pipe (502). The short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipe (210).

2. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The laser emitter (1) is a CO2 laser emitter that emits a Gaussian beam with a wavelength of 10.6 μm and an effective power between 20 kW and 50 kW.

3. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the nozzle body (201) is a cavity structure, and the lower part is provided with a protective lens barrel hole (2012) along the normal direction of the lower wall. The inner wall of the protective lens barrel hole (2012) is threaded. The left outer wall is provided with a cooling water circulation pipe (210) and a sealing ring groove (211). The left inner wall is provided with a lens groove (2011). The right wall is provided with a connecting cylinder hole A (2013) along the normal direction. The connecting cylinder hole A (2013) is provided with two threaded holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. A focusing reflector (204) is bonded to the lens groove (2011) with high temperature resistant adhesive. The cover plate (202) is tightly attached to the left outer wall of the nozzle body. A first sealing ring (203) is clamped in the sealing ring groove (211) between the cover plate (202) and the wall.

4. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The powder conveying system (3) has a powder conveying pipe (301) in the shape of a double trident. The upper end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has two powder inlets (302), and the lower end of the powder conveying pipe (301) has a powder outlet (303). A cylindrical opening-shaped fixing groove (304) is provided at the center symmetrical position of the powder conveying pipe (301) for positioning and installation of the powder conveying pipe (301).

5. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lens optical path system (4) has a symmetrical structure. A rectangular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the front and rear side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). A circular shaping lens tube (402) is mounted on the left and right side walls of the chamber (401) via hexagonal studs (415). The chamber (401) has a rectangular cavity structure. The upper surface of the chamber (401) is a cylindrical connecting lens tube (416), which is connected to the laser emitter (1) via grooves (403) on the upper surface and threads on the inner wall. The four sides of the chamber (401) are provided with stepped connecting tube holes B (4011). Four holes are evenly distributed around the circumference of the connecting tube holes B (4011). A countersunk threaded hole (4012); the left rear edge and right front edge of the chamber (401) are respectively provided with fan-shaped circular grooves (4014); the fan-shaped circular grooves (4014) are bonded with powder conveying pipes (301) by high temperature resistant adhesive; the shaping lens barrel (402) is a cylindrical ring, and the cylindrical surface is provided with stepped circular ring A (4021) and stepped circular ring B (4022). The stepped circular ring A (4021) on the left end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole A (2013) on the right side face of the nozzle body (201) are matched and a third sealing ring (417) is provided. They are connected by locking studs (418). The stepped circular ring B (4022) on the right end face of the shaping lens barrel (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber are matched. The combined structure is equipped with a third sealing ring (417), which is locked and connected by an internal hexagonal stud (415) and a countersunk threaded hole (4012); in the rectangular shaping lens tube part, the inner wall stepped groove of the left end face of the shaping lens tube (402) is bonded with a rectangular shaping lens (404) using high temperature resistant adhesive, and a small washer (409), a flat-top beam shaping lens (405) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber; in the circular shaping lens tube part, a small washer (409), a circular shaping lens (406) and a large washer (408) are sequentially provided between the inner wall stepped groove of the right end face of the shaping lens tube (402) and the connecting cylinder hole B (4011) on the side of the chamber.

6. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower surface of the chamber (401) is provided with a short annular column (4013), and the short annular column is provided with a 90° sector groove (40131); the lower end of the triangular conversion mirror (407) is provided with a protrusion (4071), the triangular conversion mirror (407) is installed in the short annular column (4013), the protrusion (4071) is exactly in the 90° sector groove (40131), the triangular conversion mirror (407) can rotate within the range of 0-90°, and from top to bottom are bearing A (411), bearing B (412), wheel (414) and bearing C (413), the bearing C (413) is installed in the fixed groove (304) of the powder conveying system.

7. The laser cladding apparatus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling system (5) includes 8 short water pipes (501) and 3 long water pipes (502); one end of the short water pipe (501) is connected to the cooling water circulation pipeline (210), and the other end is connected to the long water pipe (502).

8. A laser cladding method, based on the laser cladding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Surface treatment of the workpiece. Clean the surface of the workpiece to be processed. After cleaning and drying, use sandpaper to perform simple treatment on the rough surface. Then preheat the workpiece for a period of time. Step 2: Adjust the inspection device. Determine the laser shape to be used based on the shape, material, and processing requirements of the workpiece. Rotate the wheel to adjust the angle of the triangular conversion mirror to 0° or 90°. Check the installation accuracy of the circular shaping mirror, rectangular shaping mirror, flat-top beam shaping mirror, and focusing mirror. Connect the inlet and outlet of the cooling system and observe whether the pipeline is normal. Connect the powder conveying system inlet and observe whether the outlet is discharging powder normally. Check the sealing rings of each part to ensure that the device is well sealed. Step 3: Set process parameters. Set process parameters according to the shape, material and processing requirements of the workpiece to be processed, including laser power, scanning rate, overlap rate and spot diameter. At the same time, clamp the workpiece to be processed and set the cladding trajectory of the device. Step 4: Start the cladding device. After checking and setting, start the device, perform cladding according to the predetermined trajectory, and monitor the surface molten pool and cladding layer in real time. Adjust the process parameters as needed.

9. A laser cladding method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The properties of the alloy powder used for cladding are as follows: Carbon content: 50-60 ppm; Oxygen content: 100-120 ppm; Average particle size: 40.0-45.0 μm; Sphericity: ≥95%; Flowability: 30-35 seconds / 50g; Loose packing density: 4.30-4.50 g / cm³ 3 .

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