Cultivation method of side ear

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Pleurotus, comprising the following steps: S1 fermentation: corn stalks are chopped to 2-3 cm, lignocellulose, wheat bran, tea seed meal, gypsum and water are added and mixed uniformly, then a compound microbial inoculum is added, and dry materials are obtained after fermentation; S2 ingredient preparation: trehalose, malt dextrin, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride and citric acid are dissolved in water, and then poured into the dry materials, mixed uniformly, and a cultivation substrate is obtained; S3 sterilization, inoculation and bacteria cultivation; S4 mushroom management; and S5 harvesting; the cultivation method of Pleurotus provided by the present application mainly uses corn stalks as the substrate raw material, which not only effectively reduces the use of sawdust in the cultivation process, reduces the production cost and the harm to the environment, but also improves the quality and nutrient content of Pleurotus, is suitable for large-scale promotion, and has significant economic and social benefits.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of Pleurotus. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the improvement of living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for the nutritional value and diversification of food. Especially, the food of fungi, edible mushrooms, are more and more popular among the public because they are not only green and healthy, but also have unique food flavors, rich in nutritional value and easy to cultivate.

[0003] Pleurotus (also known as Pleurotus ostreatus) is a kind of wood-decaying fungus. In natural conditions, Pleurotus grows on the stumps of broad-leaved trees. Therefore, sawdust is the most basic formula for the cultivation substrate of Pleurotus in traditional cultivation. Chinese invention patent CN103030468B discloses a Pleurotus cultivation substrate and a Pleurotus cultivation method using the cultivation substrate. The Pleurotus culture medium is prepared by using crab-flavored mushroom bran, cotton seed hulls, corn cobs, sawdust and bran, thereby improving the yield of each Pleurotus body. The amount of sawdust in the substrate is about 10-20%.

[0004] There are two sources of sawdust used for edible mushroom cultivation. One is the waste from wood processing plants, and the other is edible mushroom professional sawdust processed by a pulverizer.

[0005] However, many regions in China do not have wood processing plants, and under the premise of the state's vigorous promotion of ecological construction, it is not in line with the concept of energy saving and environmental protection to specially crush wood for the cultivation of Pleurotus. Therefore, it has become a trend for wood-decaying fungi to reduce their dependence on sawdust by adopting measures suitable for local conditions. SUMMARY

[0006] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a cultivation method of Pleurotus, which can effectively improve the yield and nutrient content of Pleurotus while omitting sawdust in the substrate.

[0007] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation method of Pleurotus, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1 fermentation: cut the corn straw to 2-3 cm, add lignocellulose, wheat bran, tea seed meal, gypsum and water to mix uniformly, then add a compound microbial agent of lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and obtain dry material after fermentation;

[0010] S2 ingredient preparation: dissolve trehalose, malt dextrin, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride and citric acid in water at the same time, and pour into the dry material in batches while mixing uniformly, to obtain a cultivation substrate;

[0011] S3 sterilization, inoculation and incubation: after the cultivation substrate is bagged, it is placed in a sterilization bin for high-temperature sterilization. When the temperature drops to 28℃, the bag is sealed with sufficient steam under sterile operating conditions, and the bag is inoculated with the side ear fungus and yeast powder at both ends. Then, it is cultured in a dark environment;

[0012] S4 mushroom management: when the mycelium fills the bag, artificial bud induction is performed, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-17℃, the day and night temperature difference is 10-12℃, the air relative humidity is 90%, and appropriate light is given at the same time. In the early stage of mushroom production, the air relative humidity is maintained at 90-95%, the light is 1000-1500lx, and ventilation is strengthened; when the mushroom body increases, the environmental temperature is maintained at 18-20℃, the air relative humidity is 95%, and ventilation and light are strengthened.

[0013] S5 harvesting: the mushrooms can be harvested when the caps have unfolded but the edges are still inwardly rolled. After harvesting, the remaining roots and dead mushrooms are removed, and the mycelium is allowed to recover before the next mushroom production.

[0014] Further, in step S1, the corn straw is 50-70 parts by weight, the lignocellulose is 8-12 parts by weight, the wheat bran is 10-20 parts by weight, the tea seed meal is 3-8 parts by weight, the gypsum is 2 parts by weight, the water is 30 parts by weight, and the compound microbial agent is 5-10 parts by weight.

[0015] Further, in step S1, the corn straw is 60 parts by weight, the lignocellulose is 10 parts by weight, the wheat bran is 15 parts by weight, the tea seed meal is 5 parts by weight, the gypsum is 2 parts by weight, the water is 60 parts by weight, and the compound microbial agent is 5 parts by weight.

[0016] Further, in step S1, the lignocellulose is coconut dregs or medicinal dregs.

[0017] Further, in step S1, the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria to yeast in the compound microbial agent is 3:1.

[0018] And / or, the fermentation temperature is 20-25℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10d.

[0019] Further, in step S2, the trehalose is 2 parts by weight, the malt dextrin is 2 parts by weight, the calcium phosphate is 1 part by weight, the sodium chloride is 0.5 parts by weight, and the citric acid is 0.3 parts by weight.

[0020] Further, in step S2, the water content of the culture medium is 60-70%.

[0021] Further, in step S2, the sterilization temperature is 100℃, and the sterilization time is 8-12h.

[0022] Further, in step S2, the culture process is controlled at a temperature of 20-28 DEG C and a relative humidity of air of 70% or less, and the pile is turned over every 7-10 days, and the culture time is 30-34 days.

[0023] Further, in step S3, the inoculation amount of the Pleurotus sp. is 5-10% of the dry material, and the inoculation amount of the yeast powder is 1-2% of the dry material.

[0024] Corn stalks, wheat bran, tea seed meal and lignocellulose are common substrate raw materials in the art, but malt dextrin, trehalose and citric acid are almost not used simultaneously in the preparation of a Pleurotus cultivation substrate in the prior art. In addition, as described in the background art, since wood chips contain nutrients suitable for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus, and the wood chips are relatively soft and have good air permeability, which is helpful for the decomposition and absorption of mycelium, therefore, generally, wood chips are contained in the formula of a Pleurotus ostreatus substrate. The cultivation substrate of the present application mainly contains corn stalks, and does not contain wood chips. In theory, since corn stalks have poor air permeability, it will have a certain influence on the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus, resulting in a decrease in the cultivation effect.

[0025] Malt dextrin is a low conversion product between starch and starch sugar, and is commonly used in the field of food manufacturing. The addition of malt dextrin in the substrate can promote the growth and development of Pleurotus ostreatus. Trehalose can improve the yield and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus, and also has the effect of protecting Pleurotus ostreatus from environmental stress and pests and diseases. Citric acid can be used to adjust the pH of the substrate.

[0026] In addition, a suitable leavening agent can also improve the nutrient content and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. The cultivation method of the present application inoculates yeast powder at the same time of inoculating Pleurotus ostreatus. The yeast can decompose the sugars and proteins in the substrate materials to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol and other substances, and promote the growth and fermentation of Pleurotus ostreatus. At the same time, the yeast can also produce various beneficial substances such as vitamin B, yeast polysaccharide, etc., to improve the nutritional value and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus. Trehalose is a natural protective agent that can protect yeast from environmental stress and oxidative damage. Citric acid and malt dextrin can promote the growth and fermentation of yeast.

[0027] The cultivation method of the present application effectively overcomes the adverse effects of increasing corn stalks while omitting wood chips in the substrate, and has good cultivation effect.

[0028] The side ear cultivation method provided by the present application does not contain sawdust in the substrate, corn stalks commonly seen in rural areas are used as main raw materials, the dependence on sawdust in the cultivation process is effectively reduced, the production cost is reduced, the harm to the environment is reduced, the quality and the nutrient content of the side ear are improved, the yield is increased, the method is suitable for large-scale promotion, can drive the production of edible fungi, increase the income of rural farmers, and has significant economic and social benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the following description.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A side ear cultivation method, comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1 fermentation: 30 kg of corn stalks are cut to 2-3 cm, 5 kg of coconut husk, 7.5 kg of wheat bran, 2.5 kg of tea seed meal, 1 kg of gypsum and 30 kg of water are added and uniformly mixed, and 2.5 kg of a compound microbial agent is added for fermentation to obtain dry material; wherein the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria and yeast bacterial agent in the compound microbial agent is 3:1, the fermentation temperature is 24℃, and the fermentation time is 9 days;

[0033] S2 ingredient preparation: 1 kg of trehalose, 1 kg of malt dextrin, 0.5 kg of calcium phosphate, 0.25 kg of sodium chloride and 0.15 kg of citric acid are simultaneously dissolved in water, and then added to the dry material in batches, and the mixture is uniformly mixed, to obtain a cultivation substrate, and the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 65%.

[0034] S3 sterilization, inoculation and bacteria cultivation: the cultivation substrate is bagged and then placed in a sterilization bin for high-temperature sterilization, the sterilization temperature is 100℃, the sterilization time is 10h, when the temperature drops to 28℃, the bag is sealed with sufficient steam under sterile operation conditions, the side ear spores and yeast powder are inoculated into both ends of the bag, and then the bag is cultured in a dark environment, during the culture process, the temperature is controlled to be 24℃, the relative humidity of the air is controlled to be below 70%, the pile is turned over every 7-10 days for inspection, the temperature of the bag is uniform, the mycelium grows in an orderly manner, the culture time is about 30 days, and when the material surface appears primordium, it indicates that the mycelium has been physiologically mature.

[0035] In this example, 24*40cm polypropylene plastic bags are used for loading, the bags are compacted during loading, a material column with a diameter of about 15cm and a height of 25cm is formed, the dry material in each bag is about 1.2kg, a total of 40 bags are used, the inoculation amount of the side ear is 8% of the mass of the dry material, and the inoculation amount of the yeast powder is 1% of the mass of the dry material.

[0036] S4 fruiting management: when the mycelium fills the bag, artificial bud is carried out, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-17℃, the day and night temperature difference is 10-12℃, the air relative humidity is 90%, and appropriate light is given at the same time; in the early stage of fruiting, the air relative humidity is kept to be 90-95%, the light is 1000-1500lx, and ventilation is strengthened; when the mushroom body increases, the environmental temperature is kept to be 18-20℃, the air relative humidity is 95%, and ventilation and light are strengthened.

[0037] S5 harvesting: the harvesting can be carried out when the cap has unfolded but the edge is still inwardly rolled, the residual root and dead mushroom are removed after harvesting, and the next fruiting is carried out after the mycelium recovers, and 4 mushroom tides are harvested in total in this embodiment.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A cultivation method of Auricularia polytricha, comprising the following steps:

[0040] S1 fermentation: 35kg of corn straw is cut to 2-3cm, 6kg of dregs, 5kg of wheat bran, 4kg of tea seed meal, 1kg of gypsum and 30kg of water are added and mixed uniformly, and 4kg of compound microbial agent is added to obtain dry material after fermentation, wherein the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in the compound microbial agent is 3:1, the fermentation temperature is 24℃, and the fermentation time is 8d;

[0041] S2 ingredient preparation: 1kg of trehalose, 1kg of malt dextrin, 0.5kg of calcium phosphate, 0.25kg of sodium chloride and 0.15kg of citric acid are dissolved in water at the same time, and then are poured into the dry material in batches, and the mixture is mixed uniformly, to obtain a cultivation substrate, and the water content of the cultivation substrate is controlled to be 65%.

[0042] S3 sterilization, inoculation and mycelium cultivation: the cultivation substrate is bagged and then is put into a sterilization bin for high-temperature sterilization, the sterilization temperature is 100℃, the sterilization time is 10h, when the temperature drops to 28℃, the bag is sealed with sufficient steam under aseptic operation condition, Auricularia polytricha and yeast powder are inoculated into both ends of the bag, and then the bag is cultured in a dark environment, in the culture process, the temperature is controlled to be 24℃, the air relative humidity is controlled to be below 70%, the pile is turned every 7-10 days to make the temperature of the bag uniform and the mycelium grow uniformly, and the culture time is about 30d, and when the mycelium fills the bag, the mycelium is physiologically mature when the primordium appears on the material surface.

[0043] In this embodiment, 24*40cm polypropylene plastic bags are used to bag the material, the material is compacted while being bagged, a material column with a diameter of about 15cm and a height of 25cm is formed, the dry material in each bag is about 1.2kg, and there are 45 bags in total, the inoculation amount of Auricularia polytricha is 8% of the mass of the dry material, and the inoculation amount of yeast powder is 1% of the mass of the dry material.

[0044] S4 fruiting management: when the mycelium fills the bag, artificial bud is carried out, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-17℃, the day and night temperature difference is 10-12℃, the air relative humidity is 90%, and appropriate light is given at the same time; in the early stage of fruiting, the air relative humidity is kept to be 90-95%, the light is 1000-1500lx, and ventilation is strengthened; when the mushroom body increases, the environmental temperature is kept to be 18-20℃, the air relative humidity is 95%, and ventilation and light are strengthened.

[0045] S5 harvesting: when the cap has been unfolded but the edge is still inwardly rolled, harvesting can be carried out, and after harvesting, the residual root and dead mushroom are removed, and after the mycelium recovers, the next fruiting is carried out, and in this embodiment, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0046] Comparative Example 1

[0047] Comparative Example 1 is different from Example 1 in that in step S1, the corn straw is replaced by sawdust, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0048] Comparative Example 2

[0049] Comparative Example 2 is different from Comparative Example 1 in that in step S2, malt dextrin, trehalose and citric acid are not added, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0050] Comparative Example 3

[0051] Comparative Example 3 is different from Comparative Example 2 in that in step S3, when the Lentinula edodes strain is inoculated, yeast powder is not added, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0052] Comparative Example 4

[0053] Comparative Example 4 is different from Example 1 in that in step S2, malt dextrin, trehalose and citric acid are not added, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0054] Comparative Example 5

[0055] Comparative Example 5 is different from Example 1 in that in step S3, when the Lentinula edodes strain is inoculated, yeast powder is not added, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0056] Comparative Example 6

[0057] Comparative Example 6 is different from Comparative Example 5 in that in step S2, malt dextrin, trehalose and citric acid are not added, and the remaining steps are the same, and in this comparative example, 4 batches of mushrooms are harvested.

[0058] The following Table 1 is the biological efficiency, morphological characteristics of Auricularia auricula and average nutrient content of Auricularia auricula of each example and comparative example substrate. The biological efficiency is calculated according to the following formula:

[0059] BE = F fw / S dw x 100%

[0060] In the formula, BE represents the biological efficiency; F fw represents the fresh weight of the fruiting body; S dw represents the dry weight of the substrate.

[0061] Table 1

[0062]

[0063] As can be seen from Table 1, there is no significant difference in the biological efficiency of the cultivation substrate, the morphological characteristics of Auricularia auricula and the nutrient content of Auricularia auricula between Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, which indicates that the addition of malt dextrin and the like or the addition of yeast powder when inoculating the strain does not produce a particularly significant effect on the traditional sawdust cultivation substrate. Compared with Comparative Examples 4 and 5, the biological efficiency of the substrate and the nutrient content of Auricularia auricula of Example 1 are significantly improved, which indicates that the addition of malt dextrin and the like or the addition of yeast powder when inoculating the strain can increase the yield and quality of Auricularia auricula in the cultivation substrate mainly containing corn stalks and not containing sawdust. However, the improvement of the technical effects of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 compared with Comparative Example 6 is not obvious, which indicates that only when the above two operations are performed at the same time, the yield and quality of Auricularia auricula can be greatly improved, and there is a synergistic effect between them.

[0064] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and should not be considered as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concepts described herein by the above teachings or related art or knowledge. Any modification and change made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application shall be within the protection scope of the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Auricularia auricula-judae, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1 fermentation: corn straw is cut into 2-3 cm, lignocellulose, wheat bran, tea seed meal, gypsum and water are mixed uniformly, and then a compound microbial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria and yeast is added, and dry material is obtained after fermentation; S2 ingredient preparation: trehalose, malt dextrin, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride and citric acid are dissolved in water at the same time, and then are poured into the dry material in batches while being mixed uniformly, to obtain a cultivation substrate; S3 sterilization, inoculation and incubation: the cultivation substrate is bagged and then is placed in a sterilization bin for high-temperature sterilization, and when the temperature drops to 28℃, the bag is sealed with sufficient steam under aseptic operation condition, and then a side ear fungus and yeast powder are inoculated into both ends of the bag, and then the bag is cultured in a dark environment; S4 mushroom management: when the mycelium grows full of the bag, artificial bud induction is performed, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 15-17℃, the day and night temperature difference is controlled to be 10-12℃, the air relative humidity is controlled to be 90%, and appropriate light is given at the same time; in the early stage of mushroom growth, the air relative humidity is controlled to be 90-95%, the light is controlled to be 1000-1500lx, and ventilation is strengthened; when the mushroom body grows, the environmental temperature is controlled to be 18-20℃, the air relative humidity is controlled to be 95%, and ventilation and light are strengthened; S5 harvesting: the mushrooms are harvested when the caps are unfolded but the edges are still inwardly rolled, and after harvesting, the residual roots and dead mushrooms are removed, and after the mycelium recovers, the next mushroom growth is performed.

2. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the corn straw is 50-70 parts by weight, the lignocellulose is 8-12 parts by weight, the wheat bran is 10-20 parts by weight, the tea seed meal is 3-8 parts by weight, the gypsum is 2 parts by weight, the water is 30 parts by weight, and the compound microbial inoculum is 5-10 parts by weight.

3. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the corn straw is 60 parts by weight, the lignocellulose is 10 parts by weight, the wheat bran is 15 parts by weight, the tea seed meal is 5 parts by weight, the gypsum is 2 parts by weight, the water is 60 parts by weight, and the compound microbial inoculum is 5 parts by weight.

4. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the lignocellulose is coconut dregs or medical dregs.

5. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the mass ratio of lactic acid bacteria to yeast in the compound microbial inoculum is 3:

1. And / or, the fermentation temperature is 20-25℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.

6. The method for cultivating an ear-side of a corn according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the trehalose is 2 parts by weight, the malt dextrin is 2 parts by weight, the calcium phosphate is 1 part by weight, the sodium chloride is 0.5 part by weight, and the citric acid is 0.3 part by weight.

7. The method for cultivating an ear-side of a corn according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the water content of the cultivation substrate is 60-70%.

8. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, the sterilization temperature is 100℃, and the sterilization time is 8-12 hours.

9. The cultivation method of a side ear according to claim 1, wherein In step S2, during the incubation, the temperature is controlled to be 20-28℃, and the air relative humidity is controlled to be below 70%, the heap is turned over every 7-10 days, and the incubation time is 30-34 days.

10. The method for cultivating an ear-side of a corn according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, the inoculation amount of the side ear fungus is 5-10% of the dry material, and the inoculation amount of the yeast powder is 1-2% of the dry material.

Images