Method for breeding typhlodromus arundinifer

Abstract

The application relates to a feeding method of Typhlodromus athiasinsi, which comprises the following steps: step 1) high-temperature sterilization of wheat bran; step 2) adding nutrients in the wheat bran to obtain mixed feed A; step 3) adding beer in the mixed feed A to obtain mixed feed B; step 4) adjusting the water content of the mixed feed B; step 5) inoculating Typhlodromus athiasinsi in the mixed feed B; step 6) culturing the Typhlodromus athiasinsi; step 7) inoculating Typhlodromus athiasinsi; and step 8) harvesting the Typhlodromus athiasinsi. The application adds the component of wine, specifically beer, in the feed for the growth and development of Typhlodromus athiasinsi for the first time; for the type of feed after adding the beer, the applicant finds the best formula of the feed components, which can play a significant role in the two types of feed components of Typhlodromus athiasinsi and powder mites, so as to ensure the later yield of Typhlodromus athiasinsi. The application is very worthy of promotion in the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of breeding methods, and in particular relates to a breeding method for the mite *Paris fasciatus*. Background Technology

[0002] Flour mites (Acaridae) are a common name for a group of mites in the family Acaridae. They are a common pest in China that causes significant quality and quantity losses to stored goods. Flour mites can also cause dermatitis and respiratory diseases in humans. Common types include the carrion mite, the rough-legged flour mite, the elliptical flour mite, the sweet flour mite, the Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the milk mite, the house dust mite, and the house dust mite.

[0003] Paragonimus westermani can be used to control flour mites in the soil surface. Although some organizations have the technology to commercialize Paragonimus westermani, patented technologies in this area are relatively rare.

[0004] An existing invention patent discloses a method for artificially raising large quantities of *Paragonimus westermani* and *Inferior scutellatus* (authorization announcement number CN 101961000 B). This patent discloses a method for raising *Paragonimus westermani*, including a special rearing medium. The rearing medium is selected from peat moss, peat soil, cottonseed hulls, or leaf mold, which have good water retention and a loose texture. Alternatively, a mixture composed of peat moss, peat soil, cottonseed hulls, or leaf mold with added materials that provide structural support, such as vermiculite, perlite, rice hulls, wheat bran, or sawdust, can be used. The patent also discloses three broad conditions: a temperature of 18–30°C, a relative humidity of 65–95%, and a predator-to-predator ratio of 10:1 to 1000:1.

[0005] An existing invention patent discloses a method for artificially rearing the bacteria *Macrochelys fasciatus* and *Paragonimus westermani* (authorization announcement number CN 111685082 B). This patent discloses the feed content for the first rearing bacteria, *Macrochelys fasciatus*, which consists of larvae and adults of various stages of Diptera insects and fresh yam as prey for the predatory mites. Every 20-30 days, the yam residue that has been consumed and some of the predatory mite prey attached to the yam residue are used as feed for the *Paragonimus westermani*. Sweet fruit mites are added every 6-8 days until the desired number of *Paragonimus westermani* is obtained, and the ratio of predatory mite prey to *Paragonimus westermani* is 10:1-100:1.

[0006] As can be seen from the existing technologies described above, the feed formulation of the former patent involves a variety of ingredients, such as peat moss, peat soil, cottonseed hulls, or leaf mold. It also requires consideration of mixtures containing vermiculite, perlite, rice hulls, wheat bran, or sawdust to provide structural support. It does not disclose whether a single ingredient can be used as the primary feed for the rearing process. The formulation of the latter patent requires the use of yam remnants that have been consumed by the mites *Macrochelys hygroscopicus* and some predatory mite prey attached to the yam remnants as feed for *Patrinia hygroscopicus*. Furthermore, it requires the addition of *Ceratophyllum demersum* every 6-8 days, making the process cumbersome, and each addition of new *Ceratophyllum demersum* may damage the rearing environment. Therefore, developing a new, low-cost, simple, effective, and scientifically sound method for rearing *Patrinia hygroscopicus* is a technical problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problems and defects by providing a method for raising Paragonimus westermani.

[0008] This invention is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for raising *Paris fasciatus*, comprising the following steps: Step 1) High-temperature sterilization of wheat bran; Step 2) Adding nutrients to the wheat bran to obtain mixed feed A; Step 3) Adding beer to mixed feed A to obtain mixed feed B; Step 4) Adjusting the moisture content of mixed feed B; Step 5) Inoculating mixed feed B with flour mites; Step 6) Cultivating flour mites; Step 7) Inoculating with *Paris fasciatus*; Step 8) Harvesting *Paris fasciatus*.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 2) of the present invention, the nutrients consist of yeast powder and white sugar, wherein the mass ratio of yeast powder to white sugar is 2:1.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 2) of the present invention, the mass ratio of nutrients to wheat bran is 100:30.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 3) of the present invention, the alcohol content of the beer is ≥3.6%; the original wort concentration is 10°P; and the addition amount is beer: mixed feed A = 10ml: 130g.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 4) of the present invention, the moisture content of the mixed feed B is adjusted to 20-22%.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 5) of the present invention, the ratio of mixed feed B to the number of inoculated flour mites is 150g:5000 mites.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 6) of the present invention, the environment for culturing flour mites is in an artificial climate chamber with the following conditions: temperature 25-27℃, humidity 75-85%, and complete darkness; the culturing time is no less than 6 weeks, and the number of flour mites per gram of feed reaches more than 500.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 7) of the present invention, the ratio of flour mites to basilicone mites is greater than or equal to 500:1.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 8) of the present invention, the harvesting time for the basilaria is no less than 2 weeks; the number of basilaria per gram of feed reaches a density of 60-80 mites.

[0018] Furthermore, steps 6) and 8) of the present invention include a method for checking flour mites and Parasitic mites: take 1 gram of feed each time, bake it under an incandescent lamp for 50 minutes to completely separate the flour mites or Parasitic mites from the wheat bran, dilute it with alcohol and count it, and count the number of mixed mite life forms of flour mites or Parasitic mites in 1 gram of feed.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) The feeding method of this invention can provide the nutritional components required for the entire growth and development process of *Paragonimus esculentus*; 2) This invention is the first to add alcohol, specifically beer, to the feed for the growth and development of *Paragonimus esculentus*; 3) For the type of feed after adding beer, the applicant has found the optimal formula of feed components, which can significantly affect both flour mites and *Paragonimus esculentus*, thereby ensuring the later-stage yield of *Paragonimus esculentus*; 4) The formula of this invention is 1.5 times more efficient than the traditional feeding method; taking the feed for 100,000 predatory mites as an example, the cost is only 0.19 yuan, significantly lower than the 0.49 yuan of wheat bran CK, and even lower than the 0.76 yuan of CK + beer (100 grams of wheat bran + 10 ml of beer) mentioned in the key point of this invention, reducing the cost by 75% and achieving very significant and excellent results. In summary, this invention has the above-mentioned advantages and is therefore very worthy of promotion in the industry.

[0020] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0021] A method for raising Patricaria champaca includes the following steps: 1) High-temperature sterilization of wheat bran: Sterilize wheat bran in a high-temperature oven for 1 hour, and set aside for later use. 2) Addition of nutrients: Add 30 grams of nutrients to every 100 grams of sterilized wheat bran (moisture content 8-10%). The nutrients include added yeast powder and white sugar in a ratio of 2:1, to obtain mixed feed A. 3) Adding beer to mixed feed A: Add 10 ml of Yanjing beer with an alcohol content ≥3.6% and an original wort concentration of 10°P to 130 grams of mixed feed A to obtain mixed feed B. 4) Adjusting the moisture content of mixed feed B: Add 10 ml of purified water to approximately 140 grams of mixed feed B to adjust the moisture content of mixed feed B to 20-22%. Place this 150 grams of mixed feed B in a small plastic bucket for later use. 5) Inoculation with flour mites: In the plastic bucket containing 150 grams of mixed feed B, inoculate approximately 5000 flour mites (e.g., Tyromitra carrionata) of mixed life stages (approximately 0.05 ml, measured with a homemade spoon). Thoroughly mix the flour mites with the mixed feed by shaking the bucket. 6) Flour mite cultivation: Place the plastic bucket containing the flour mites in an artificial climate chamber. The environmental conditions of the artificial climate chamber are: temperature 25-27℃, humidity 75-85%, and complete darkness. After approximately 6 weeks, the flour mite population will reach its maximum, at which point there will be more than 500 flour mites per gram of feed. 7) Inoculation with Paragonimus westermani: When there are more than 500 flour mites per gram of mixed feed B, inoculate with Paragonimus westermani at a ratio of flour mites to Paragonimus westermani of greater than or equal to 500:1. Next, place the plastic bucket inoculated with *Paris pilosa* into an artificial climate chamber for cultivation. The environmental conditions of the artificial climate chamber are also the same: temperature 25-27℃, humidity 75-85%, and complete darkness. 8) Harvesting *Paris pilosa*: After about 2 weeks, take a 1-gram sample and count the number of *Paris pilosa* in 1 gram of mixed feed B. When the number of *Paris pilosa* per gram of feed reaches a density of 60-80 individuals, it is packaged into a product.

[0022] The key technical points of this invention include:

[0023] Step 2 includes adding yeast powder and white sugar in a 2:1 ratio, which yields the best results for flour mite growth. Specific data supports this in Section 5 below. In Step 3, adding 10 ml of beer to mixed feed A can enhance flour mite growth. In Step 4, the moisture content of mixed feed B should be adjusted to 20-22%, which is most beneficial for population growth. Below 20% moisture content, population growth will be limited, while above 25% moisture content will cause the bran to mold and spoil. The small plastic bucket in Step 4 has a 5 square centimeter square hole punched in the center of the lid, sealed with 350-mesh nylon cloth for ventilation. In steps 6 and 8, the method for checking the number of flour mites and predatory mites in mixed feed B is as follows: Shake the small bucket well and take three samples, 1 gram of feed each time. Bake the samples under an incandescent lamp for 50 minutes to completely separate the flour mites (such as *Tetranychus scavengerus*) from the wheat bran. Dilute with alcohol and count the mixed life stages of flour mites (such as *Tetranychus scavengerus*) (or *Tetranychus scavengerus*) in each gram of feed. Check weekly until the required number is reached (flour mites are defined as more than 500 per gram of mixed feed; *Tetranychus scavengerus* is defined as 60-80 per gram of feed).

[0024] The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* described in this invention is scientific and reliable, with controllable and stable quality throughout the production process, increasing efficiency by 1.5 times compared to traditional methods. Taking the feed cost for raising 100,000 predatory mites as an example, the cost decreased from 0.49 yuan in the control group to 0.19 yuan, a reduction of 61% (0.30 yuan). Specific data is shown in the table below:

[0025] Table 1. Effects of yeast powder, white sugar, and different proportions of additives on the population growth of flour mites (Tyromitra spp.).

[0026] sheet

[0027]

[0028] Note: Data in the table are mean ± standard error. * indicates a significant difference compared to the CK (conventional feeding method) group (P=0.05). In the control group (CK) without any added nutrients, the maximum population growth rate of mealybugs (Tyrophagus spp.) was 70.1 times. After adding yeast powder, white sugar, a 1:1 ratio of yeast powder to white sugar, and a 2:1 ratio of yeast powder to white sugar, the maximum population growth rate of mealybugs (Tyrophagus spp.) was significantly greater than that of the control group, reaching 316.6 times, 180.0 times, 247.9 times, and 321.7 times, respectively. In addition to beer, the maximum population growth rate of mealybugs (Tyrophagus spp.) in all treatments, including CK, further increased significantly, reaching 73.6 times, 343.3 times, 192.6 times, 275.2 times, and 370.0 times, respectively. This indicates that the 2:1 ratio of yeast powder to white sugar nutrient group, combined with beer, resulted in the largest increase in mealybug (Tyrophagus spp.) population.

[0029] Table 2. Effects of nutrient addition on the propagation time of Paragonimus westermani.

[0030] sheet

[0031]

[0032] Note: Qmax: Maximum population size of flour mites (Tyromitra spp.); QT: Number of flour mites (Tyromitra spp.) when introduced with predatory mites; QN: Number of mites introduced; T: Number of days required to reach packaging requirements (80 mites / gram).

[0033] The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* in this invention is significantly more cost-effective than traditional methods. Specific data is shown in the table below:

[0034] Table 3 Comparison of Feed and Feeding Costs

[0035] sheet

[0036]

[0037] As shown in Table 3, after adding yeast powder, white sugar, and yeast powder and white sugar in a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1, the cost of feeding 100,000 predatory mites was reduced by 43% (0.28 yuan), 41% (0.29 yuan), 39% (0.30 yuan), and 51% (0.24 yuan) respectively compared to the control (0.49 yuan). In the control (CK) treatment with the addition of 10 ml of beer, the cost of feeding 100,000 predatory mites increased by 55% (0.27 yuan). After adding yeast powder, white sugar, and yeast powder and white sugar in a ratio of 1:1 and 2:1, and then adding 10 ml of beer, the cost of feeding 100,000 predatory mites was reduced by 49% (0.24 yuan), 39% (0.19 yuan), 43% (0.21 yuan), and 61% (0.30 yuan) respectively compared to the control (0.49 yuan). This shows that the feed cost for raising 100,000 Patricaria champaca is the lowest when the ratio of yeast powder to white sugar is 2:1 plus 10 ml of beer, which is 0.19 yuan.

[0038] The above descriptions are merely some specific embodiments of the present invention (since the present invention encompasses numerical ranges, the embodiments cannot be exhaustive; the scope of protection described in the present invention includes the numerical range and other technical aspects of the present invention). Specific content or common knowledge known in the solutions is not described in detail here (including but not limited to abbreviations, acronyms, and units conventionally used in the art). It should be noted that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. For those skilled in the art, all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for raising Patricaria champaca, characterized in that, The feeding method includes the following steps: Step 1), high-temperature sterilization of wheat bran; Step 2), adding nutrients to the wheat bran to obtain mixed feed A; Step 3), adding beer to mixed feed A, wherein the beer has an alcohol content ≥3.6% and an original wort concentration of 10°, and the addition amount is beer:mixed feed A = 10ml:130g, to obtain mixed feed B; Step 4), adjusting the moisture content of mixed feed B; Step 5), inoculating mixed feed B with flour mites; Step 6), culturing flour mites; Step 7), inoculating with *Paris fasciatus*; Step 8), harvesting *Paris fasciatus*.

2. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nutrients in step 2) consist of yeast powder and white sugar, with a mass ratio of yeast powder to white sugar of 2:

1.

3. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the mass ratio of nutrients to wheat bran is 100:

30.

4. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4), The moisture content of mixed feed B should be adjusted to 20-22%.

5. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the ratio of mixed feed B to the number of inoculated mites is 150g: 5000 mites.

6. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6) The environment for culturing flour mites is in an artificial climate chamber with the following conditions: temperature 25-27℃, humidity 75-85%, and complete darkness; the culturing time is no less than 6 weeks, and the number of flour mites per gram of feed reaches more than 500.

7. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 7), the mites are inoculated with Paragonimus westermani, and the ratio of Paragonimus westermani to Paragonimus westermani is greater than or equal to 500:

1.

8. The method for raising *Paragonimus westermani* according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 8) The harvesting time for the basilicosis mite is no less than 2 weeks; the number of basilicosis mites per gram of feed reaches a density of 60-80 mites.

9. A method for raising Patricaria champaca according to claim 1, characterized in that, Steps 6) and 8) include the inspection method for flour mites and Parasitic mites: take 1 gram of feed each time, bake it with an incandescent lamp to completely separate the flour mites or Parasitic mites from the wheat bran, dilute it with alcohol and count it, and count the number of mixed mite life stages of flour mites or Parasitic mites in 1 gram of feed.

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