An automatically adjustable cooling and chip suction device and control method for laminated material processing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing and a control method, including a flexible seal displacement adjustment unit (1), a chip suction top cover (2), an intelligent control air duct adjustment unit (3), an annular air curtain cooling device (4), a multi-functional double-chamber housing (5), and an aperture adjustment top follower unit (6); the self-adjusting device for laminated material processing based on the Coanda principle proposed by the present invention has the function / effect of maintaining follow-up fitting throughout the processing and an active air duct adjustment function, can significantly improve the cooling and chip suction effects during the processing of different materials, and thus enhance the environmental safety, hole-making quality, and tool service life; the self-adjusting control method proposed by the present invention can realize the real-time interaction, rapid adjustment, and collaborative optimization of various parameters of each module during the processing, can reduce the time and operating costs of manual adjustment control, and provide accurate and reliable automatic adjustment.

Description

Technical Field:

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of milling machining, and relates to the technical field of milling hole machining for laminated materials. Specifically, it relates to a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device and a control method for laminated material machining. Background Art:

[0002] Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) and titanium alloy laminated materials combine the excellent properties of the two materials and are gradually widely used in the aviation field. Since they often appear in the form of laminated components during use, integrated machining is required to improve the dimensional fit accuracy and efficiency.

[0003] However, there are significant differences in the properties of CFRP and titanium alloy materials. The heat generated during the machining process cannot be spontaneously and effectively dissipated. In actual machining, it is found that when the upper layer CFRP powder contacts the lower layer high-temperature titanium alloy hole and the tool body, it will be directly ignited and splashed, causing safety hazards and reducing the tool life. A large amount of chips generated during milling hole machining accumulate in the machining hole, resulting in chip heat accumulation. If the chips cannot be discharged in a timely and effective manner during the milling process, they will accumulate around the hole, causing a large amount of cutting heat accumulation, which will lead to secondary damage to the hole machining. At the same time, the surrounding air flow drives some small particles to float in the machining environment, which will pose potential hazards to the human body and equipment. In addition, high temperature will cause burns to CFRP and decay of the mechanical properties of the matrix, and it is very easy to generate machining defects such as delamination and tearing. These factors make it difficult to achieve the expected hole-making quality, excessive tool wear, and environmental pollution during the hole machining process of titanium alloy / CFRP laminated components. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably and effectively suppress the temperature in the cutting area during the machining process.

[0004] Current research findings mainly focus on the cooling theory and concepts for single materials, which cannot automatically and real-time adjust for different materials, and cannot ensure full-course movement along with the tool, making it difficult to achieve auxiliary operations such as continuous cooling and chip suction. Therefore, a more intelligent auxiliary machining device is needed to actively cool the cutting area and effectively discharge chips, in order to improve the hole-making accuracy and machining quality of laminated materials. Summary of the Invention:

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: when performing integrated hole-making processing on laminated materials, for problems such as cutting heat damage, potential safety hazards caused by the failure to timely and effectively remove chips, and secondary damage caused by material property differences, to invent a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device and control method for laminated material processing. This device is applicable to emerging milling processes such as helical milling and inclined angle milling, can follow the machining surface throughout the process for chip removal and temperature reduction, and can also adjust the suction volume of the double cavity corresponding to different materials and different machining stages to achieve the best machining effect. The purpose is to improve the hole-making quality and tool life of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials, and reduce environmental pollution and harm to the human body.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device and control method applicable to the processing of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials, characterized in that the device is composed of a flexible sealing displacement adjustment unit (1), a chip suction top cover (2), an intelligent control air duct adjustment unit (3), an annular air curtain cooling device (4), a multifunctional double cavity housing (5), and a hole diameter adjustment top follower unit (6).

[0008] The flexible sealing displacement adjustment unit (1) mainly includes a sealing connection module 1-1 and a flexible displacement module 1-2. The sealing connection module 1-1 is composed of a positioning sleeve 1-1-1, a telescopic rod positioning and locking hole 1-1-2, a quick-release hoop 1-1-3, a main shaft axial support retaining ring 1-1-4, a main shaft flexible locking ring 1-1-5, and a telescopic seal cover 1-1-6; the flexible displacement module 1-2 includes a support housing 1-2-1, an unequal pitch spring 1-2-2, an externally threaded movable rod 1-2-3, and a spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair 1-2-4.

[0009] The chip suction top cover (2) is composed of a vacuum cleaner connection port 2-1, a quick installation connection port 2-2, a three-specification quick installation head 2-3, a unit locking hole 2-4, an inner air chamber separation cover 2-5, and a telescopic cover locking support platform 2-6, wherein the three-specification quick installation head 2-3 includes a quick installation fixed port 2-3-1 and a three-specification thread diameter 2-3-2.

[0010] The intelligent control air duct adjustment unit (3) includes an air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 and an intelligent control unit 3-2. The air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 is a controllable adjustment device, composed of a connecting rod 3-1-1, a fixed base 3-1-2, a sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3, a movable valve flap 3-1-4, a sliding notch 3-1-5, a machining reserved gap 3-1-6, an inner air valve 3-1-7, and an outer air valve 3-1-8; the intelligent control unit 3-2 includes a numerical control machine tool A, a host computer B, and a control module C.

[0011] The described annular air curtain cooling device (4) consists of a wide-narrow-wide flow channel structural feature 4-1, a water droplet arc-shaped outlet structural feature 4-2, an air supply end opening 4-3, a low-position outlet feature 4-4, a control module C, and a low-temperature generating device D.

[0012] For the outlet size of the annular air curtain cooling device, it is designed according to the tool diameter size and the jet width h. The relevant parameters, including the diameter D' of the air supply end opening 4-3, the inclination end radius R, and the arc outlet curvature r, need to satisfy the following formulas:

[0013]

[0014] Furthermore, for the annular air curtain cooling device (4) of the present invention, the jet width h of the cooling air needs to satisfy the following conditions: 0.15 mm ≤ h ≤ 0.85 mm. When the jet width h of the cooling air at the arc-shaped outlet is too small, insufficient cooling air flow rate and cooling area cannot be generated. At the same time, an excessive h value will cause serious attenuation of the annular air curtain wind pressure; through CFD simulation verification, to obtain an ideal cooling effect, the preferred cooling air width h at the arc outlet is 0.15 mm ≤ h ≤ 0.85 mm.

[0015] Furthermore, for the annular air curtain cooling device (4) of the present invention, the arc outlet curvature r needs to satisfy the following conditions: 4 mm ≤ r ≤ 7 mm. Through multi-level experimental group verification of the arc outlet curvature r with different diameters, it is found through CFD simulation that as the r value increases, the flux of drawing in external air will increase correspondingly. However, when it exceeds 7 mm, the amplification effect no longer increases significantly and the occupied space is too large. Considering the limited space of the inner air chamber 5-6, the appropriate range of the r value is finally determined. In summary, the preferred arc outlet curvature r is 4 mm ≤ r ≤ 7 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, for the annular air curtain cooling device (4) of the present invention, the inclination end radius R needs to satisfy the following conditions: 12.5 mm ≤ R ≤ 20 mm. This design refers to the diameter usage range of different tools from 6 to 12 mm, which is commonly used in the milling hole process during actual application. On the premise of ensuring that there is no interference between the inside of the device and the tool during processing, and considering the optimal cooling effect range of the cooling air, it should be as close to the tool as possible to avoid problems such as reduced heat dissipation effect caused by too far a distance. The preferred range of the inclination end radius R is 10 mm ≤ R ≤ 15.5 mm.

[0017] The described multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) is composed of an adjusting ring sliding groove 5-1, a sealing ring mounting groove 5-2, a housing set screw hole 5-3, a multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting pair fixing groove 5-4, a spherical adjusting pair fixing groove locking hole 5-5, an inner air chamber 5-6, an outer air chamber 5-7, a multi-functional expansion hole position 5-8, a ventilation support connecting pipe 5-9, a five-way support arm 5-10, a low-position outlet support 5-11, an inclined arc outer wall 5-12, a hemispherical follower support wall 5-13, a quick connector 5-14, and an expansion table reinforcing rib 5-15.

[0018] The described aperture adjusting and pressing follower unit (6) is mainly divided into two parts: an aperture adjusting and pressing mechanism 6-1 and a hemispherical follower mechanism 6-2. Among them, the aperture adjusting and pressing mechanism 6-1 consists of a spherical head pressing member 6-1-1, a crescent-shaped adjusting piece 6-1-2, a sliding groove opening 6-1-3, a sliding adjusting ring 6-1-4, a clamping groove 6-1-5, a pressure monitoring device 6-1-6, and a support base 6-1-7; the hemispherical follower mechanism 6-2 includes an adjusting mechanism fixing hole 6-2-1, an inner ring 6-2-2, and an outer ring 6-2-3.

[0019] The gain effect of the present invention is:

[0020] The present invention integrates functions such as cooling function, chip suction function, follow-up machining function, axial pressure detection function, and automatic adjustment control into the self-adjusting cooling and chip suction auxiliary machining device, improving the integration degree of the device and reducing the cost of manual operation.

[0021] (1) In view of the different property differences of different materials, the design utilizes the different emphasis on auxiliary machining properties of the two air chambers. Through the control program and the air valve adjusting device, corresponding adjustment measures are made according to different machining materials and working conditions, which can achieve the best cooling and chip suction auxiliary machining effect, making up for the blank that the existing cooler is only used for single-material machining and cannot achieve automatic adjustment.

[0022] (2) The application of the multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting pair enables the device to have the freedom of axial deflection. The auxiliary machining method of full-course follow-up fitting can effectively improve the machining sealing performance, reduce the environmental pollution caused by chip flying during machining and the safety hazards of electronic equipment; the smaller size at the bottom and the spherical head pressing member can achieve rolling fitting with the workpiece, avoiding the problem that the device cannot move during spiral milling and inclined angle milling machining methods.

[0023] (3) The cooling device designed based on fluid mechanics can achieve the effect of high - multiple diversion of external air for cooling while consuming relatively little air, effectively reducing the energy waste problem caused by the conventional direct - blowing cooling method. At the same time, the high - pressure air flow formed at the micro - slit outlet can remove the chips adhered to the tool; in addition, the air flow in the reverse - feed axial direction can form a negative pressure in the machining area, avoiding the problems of surface tearing and burr damage at the CFRP outlet caused by the direct - blowing cooling machining hole.

[0024] (4) The intelligent control unit can control the start and stop of the annular air - curtain cooling device in real time by monitoring the change of the axial force; the control method provided by the present invention can judge the machining position in real time through the program set by the host computer, control the air - valve regulating device. When the device is adjusted, it can be adjusted with different amplitudes and periods according to the difference between the actual detected value and the control range, and after adjustment, it interacts with the host computer to ensure the safety of the adjustment. Brief Description of the Drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 It is a cross - sectional schematic view of the entire device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is an upper isometric view of the flexible sealing displacement adjustment unit of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a cross - sectional perspective view of the displacement mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a lower isometric view of the chip - sucking top cover of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a cross - sectional view of the three - specification quick - installation head of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is an upper view of the intelligent control air - channel adjustment unit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a lower view of the intelligent control air - channel adjustment unit of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 It is a cross - sectional view of the annular air - curtain cooling device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 It is an upper isometric view of the multi - functional double - cavity housing of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 It is an upper view of the multi - functional double - cavity housing of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 11 It is a cross - sectional view of the multi - functional double - cavity housing of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 12 Isometric view from below of the multi-functional double-chamber housing of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 13 Isometric view from below of the aperture-adjusting top follower unit of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 14 Schematic cross-sectional view of the aperture-adjusting top follower unit of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 15 Schematic cross-sectional view of an inclined-plane milling implementation case of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure: 1. Flexible seal displacement adjustment unit, 1-1. Seal connection module, 1-2. Flexible displacement module, 1-1-1. Positioning sleeve, 1-1-2. Telescopic rod positioning and locking hole, 1-1-3. Quick-release hoop, 1-1-4. Main shaft axial support retaining ring, 1-1-5. Main shaft flexible locking ring, 1-1-6. Telescopic seal cover, 1-2-1. Support housing, 1-2-2. Unequal pitch spring, 1-2-3. External thread movable rod, 1-2-4. Spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair, 2. Chip suction top cover, 2-1. Vacuum cleaner connection port, 2-2. Quick installation connection port, 2-3. Three-specification quick installation head, 2-4. Unit locking hole, 2-5. Inner air chamber separation cover, 2-6. Telescopic cover locking support platform, 3. Intelligent control air duct adjustment unit, 3-1. Air duct adjustment mechanism, 3-2. Intelligent control unit, 3-1-1. Connecting rod, 3-1-2. Fixed base, 3-1-3. Sliding adjustment ring, 3-1-4. Movable air valve flap, 3-1-5. Sliding notch, 3-1-6. Machining reserved gap, 3-1-7. Inner air valve, 3-1-8. Outer air valve, 4. Design of annular air curtain cooling device, 4-1. Wide-narrow-wide flow channel structural feature, 4-2. Water droplet arc-shaped outlet structural feature, 4-3. Gas transmission end opening, 4-4. Low-position outlet feature, 5. Multifunctional double-chamber housing, 5-1. Adjustment ring sliding groove, 5-2. Sealing ring installation groove, 5-3. Housing set screw hole, 5-4. Multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair fixing groove, 5-5. Spherical adjustment pair fixing groove locking hole, 5-6. Inner air chamber, 5-7. Outer air chamber, 5-8. Multifunctional expansion hole position, 5-9. Ventilation support connecting pipe, 5-10. Five-way support arm, 5-11. Low-position outlet support, 5-12. Inclined arc outer wall, 5-13. Hemisphere follower support wall, 5-14. Quick connector, 5-15. Expansion table reinforcing rib, 6. Aperture adjustment top and follower unit, 6-1. Aperture adjustment and tightening mechanism, 6-2. Hemisphere follower mechanism, 6-1-1. Ball head tightening component, 6-1-2. Crescent-shaped adjustment piece, 6-1-3. Sliding notch, 6-1-4. Sliding adjustment ring, 6-1-5. Card slot, 6-1-6. Pressure monitoring device, 6-1-7. Support base, 6-2-1. Adjustment mechanism fixing hole, 6-2-2. Inner ring, 6-2-3. Outer ring. A. CNC machine tool, B. Host computer, C. Control module, D. Low-temperature generating device, E. Laminated processed sheet material. Detailed implementation method:

[0041] The present invention provides a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device and control method for laminated material processing, aiming to improve the hole-making quality of materials and the tool life during the processing, and reduce environmental pollution and harm to the human body.

[0042] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, the self-adjusting cooling chip suction device and control method for laminated material processing in this embodiment include six parts: a flexible seal displacement adjustment unit 1, a chip suction top cover 2, an intelligent control air duct adjustment unit 3, an annular air curtain cooling device 4, a multi-functional double-chamber housing 5, and an aperture adjustment top follow-up unit 6.

[0044] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3 shown, the flexible seal displacement adjustment unit 1 mainly includes two modules: one is a seal connection module 1-1 and the other is a flexible displacement module 1-2. The positioning sleeve 1-1-1 is used to provide the fitting and fixation of the seal connection module 1-1 and the flexible displacement module 1-2. Three positioning sleeves 1-1-1 are respectively fixedly fitted with three groups of flexible displacement modules 1-2. By means of bolt fitting, the main shaft flexible lock ring 1-1-5 is deformed to generate frictional force, so that the auxiliary processing device can be firmly fixed to the main shaft. The main shaft axial support retaining ring 1-1-4 provides the overall axial support force of the device when the main shaft feeds downward after fitting; the telescopic seal cover 1-1-6 is an inverted conical foldable structure, which can ensure that during the reciprocating movement of the main shaft feeding and lifting, the telescopic cover can be folded and retracted or extended in a follow-up manner to avoid interference with the main shaft. The fixation of the telescopic cover only needs to consider the sealing performance and does not need to bear the axial load. Therefore, the upper part is fitted with the outer wall of the main shaft axial support retaining ring 1-1-4, and the bottom is fixed with a quick-release hoop 1-1-3.

[0045] In the part of the flexible displacement module 1-2, the support housing 1-2-1 and the positioning sleeve 1-1-1 are fixedly fitted through bolts with the axial and longitudinal telescopic rod positioning and locking holes 1-1-2. The driving force of the flexible displacement module comes from the internal unequal pitch spring 1-2-2. The unequal pitch design can generate different driving forces at different compression distances, achieving a gradually increasing effect of the tightening force during the feeding process and realizing a better tightening effect; the inner ring of the spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair 1-2-4 at the bottom is fitted with the outer threaded rod 1-2-3, and the outer ring is fixedly fitted with the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair fixed groove 5-4 on the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5; the above-described fitting is one group, and three groups of the flexible displacement mechanisms are arranged, and are distributed at 120° to each other, so that the device below can follow and fit more stably.

[0046] As Figure 4 , Figure 5 shown, the chip suction top cover 2 is provided with two chip discharge connection ports, and either of them can be selected for use. The vacuum cleaner connection port 2-1 can be directly connected to a conventional vacuum cleaner to achieve dust collection. The quick installation connection port 2-2 provides an additional option. When a quick connection pipe is needed, a three-specification quick installation head 2-3 designed for matching is installed. The quick installation fixing port 2-3-1 on it has a rubber ring installation groove reserved near the right-angle end to improve the matching sealing performance. The three-specification thread diameter 2-3-2 can achieve convenient and quick loading and unloading of common tracheal quick connectors with diameters of 10, 16, and 20 mm. The overall unit is locked through the unit locking hole 2-4. The inner air chamber separation cover 2-5 can be close to the intelligent air duct adjustment unit 3 to achieve a separation effect between the inner air chamber and the outside world.

[0047] As Figure 6 , Figure 7 shown, the intelligent air duct adjustment unit 3 is composed of two modules: an air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 and an intelligent control unit 3-2. One end of the movable valve flap 3-1-4 in the air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 is connected to the connecting rod 3-1-1 through a rotating shaft. The connecting rod 3-1-1 is connected to the sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3. The other end of the movable valve flap 3-1-4 is connected to the fixed base 3-1-2. When the fixed base 3-1-2 is matched with the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5, the sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3 and the fixed base 3-1-2 move relative to each other. Pulling the sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3 can drive the movable valve flap 3-1-4 to rotate reciprocally in the sliding notch 3-1-5;

[0048] For the processing of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials, the air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 is preset with a first-stage adjustment position and a second-stage adjustment position. The first-stage adjustment position is set at the counterclockwise rotation end of the sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3 relative to the fixed base 3-1-2. At this time, the corresponding adjustment state is: the inner valve 3-1-7 is closed and the outer valve 3-1-8 is opened. At this time, the outer air chamber 5-7 of the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5 works together. The second-stage adjustment position is set at the clockwise rotation end of the sliding adjustment ring 3-3 relative to the fixed base 3-2. At this time, the corresponding adjustment state is: the inner valve 3-7 is opened and the outer valve 3-8 is closed. At this time, the inner air chamber 5-6 of the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5 works together.

[0049] In the intelligent control unit 3-2, the numerical control machine tool A is connected to the host computer B. The host computer B masters the material information to be processed, the intelligent machine tool program, the milling processing parameters, and the control parameters for setting the configuration interface. Then, the host computer B is connected to the control module C, and the two share data and interact in real time. After receiving the various parameter information shared by the host computer B in real time, the control module C calculates the processing feed duration and the upper and lower limit values of the adjustment range for each layer of the plate according to the formula. The adjustment range and various monitoring values will be fed back to the host computer B and displayed in the information feedback area of the software interface. After the main shaft starts to feed, the control module C starts to monitor the signal fluctuations of the pressure monitoring device and the information such as the opening degree of the valve flap fed back by the intelligent control air duct adjustment unit 3 in real time. After the processing starts, the control module C sends an instruction to the low-temperature generating device D to implement start control. At the same time, the control module C synchronously records the processing time point and calculates the time node for adjusting the intelligent control air duct adjustment mechanism 3-1 according to the formula program set in the host computer B, and determines the critical value for changing the inner and outer cavity valves. After the host computer B judges that the critical value is reached, the control signal is sent down. After receiving the signal from the host computer B, the control module C correspondingly adjusts the position of the sliding adjustment ring 3-1-3 in the intelligent control air duct adjustment unit 3, and automatically adjusts the opening and closing angles of the inner valve 3-1-7 and the outer valve 3-1-8, so as to realize the active optimization control of the adjustment device.

[0050] As Figure 8 shown, the design of the annular air curtain cooling device 4 is based on factors such as the tool diameter parameter, the internal space size of the device, and the jet width h. The relevant parameters also include the diameter D of the gas supply end opening 4-3 ′ , the inclination end radius R, and the arc outlet curvature r need to satisfy the following formula:

[0051] The design idea of ​​the annular air curtain cooling device 4 of the present invention is: based on the Coanda effect principle, the airflow outlet position is designed with a 4-2 water drop arc outlet feature to achieve the effect of guiding the airflow direction and forming an airflow effect opposite to the tool feed direction, so as to avoid blowing directly to the processing position, causing burrs and tearing damage on the surface of the carbon fiber hole outlet, and at the same time, it can play a role in delaying the rapid wear of the tool. The use of a double air supply end opening 4-3 with a left-right symmetrical air supply can achieve a relatively uniform airflow velocity in all directions of the airflow outlet. The internal airway is designed with a 4-1 wide-narrow-wide flow channel feature. The internal flow channel from the inlet to the outlet is a gradual arc, and the upper part decreases from an arc segment with a maximum radius of 33.23mm to an arc segment of 2.61mm at the end. The lower part is also an arc gradient design. The upper and lower flow channels are gradually contracted from the widest point of 15mm to the narrowest distance at the final outlet: 0.15mm, and then released into an open environment. The incoming cooling air will be gathered through a flow channel that expands first and then contracts, achieving a good condensation effect. When it is released into the processing environment, it will form a Laval tube effect. This design can achieve cooling on the basis of its own air supply while also drawing in high-powered external air, so that the air flow rate achieved will be more obvious. The characteristic design 4-4 of the low-position outlet is based on the consideration that the chip suction port of the outer air chamber is below the cooler, so the cooling outlet position is minimized to be close to the end of the tool to achieve a better cooling effect.

[0052] As shown in Figure 9, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12As shown, in the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5, the adjusting ring chute 5-1 is provided with five raised walls in the circumferential direction of the upper end face of the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5 for clearance fit with the sliding adjusting ring 3-1-3, taking into account a certain degree of sealing while providing support. After installing a 4-mm-high airtight ring in the sealing ring installation groove 5-2, it will be pressed against the fixed base 3-1-2, enabling airtight isolation between the inner air chamber 5-6 and the outer air chamber 5-7. After the housing locking hole 5-3 is locked with the unit locking hole 2-4 of the chip suction top cover 2, a good sealing effect can be achieved. The three multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting sub-fixing grooves 5-4 are evenly distributed around the central axis at intervals of 120° on the outer wall circumference of the multi-functional double-chamber housing 5. The spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting sub-fixing groove 5-4 is matched with the outer ring of the spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting sub 1-2-4. After the locking hole 5-5 of the spherical adjusting sub-fixing groove is locked, for the installation precision error problem, the two can achieve a certain degree of small self-adjustment compensation. The multi-functional double-chamber housing 5 is internally provided with a double-chamber air chamber structure of an inner air chamber 5-6 and an outer air chamber 5-7. At the bottom of the inner air chamber 5-6, there is a low-position outlet support 5-11 that cooperates with the annular air curtain cooling device 4. Between the inner and outer air chambers, there is a through ventilation support connecting pipe 5-9 that cooperates with the gas supply end opening 4-3 in the annular air curtain cooling device 4, and the two can be accurately corresponding to achieve good cooling gas transportation; the inner air chamber 5-6 is suspended above the chip suction port of the outer air chamber 5-7 as a whole and is separated from the outer cavity, and is supported and connected by five-way support arms 5-10. The support arms are radially distributed in five equal intervals and extend from the inner air chamber 5-6 to the inclined arc outer wall 5-12 of the housing, which can provide good rigidity for the overall structure; on the circumference of the inclined arc outer wall 5-12, there is a multi-functional expansion platform in the shape of an equilateral hexagon. There are multi-functional expansion holes 5-8 with a diameter of M5 and a distance of 5 cm evenly distributed on the six faces of the expansion platform for expanding and installing additional devices; the quick connector 5-14 is connected to the ventilation support connecting pipe 5-9 through a threaded connection, and cooling gas is introduced simultaneously in both directions; the 25° inclination angle design of the inclined arc outer wall 5-12 is verified by fluid simulation. At this angle, it can better suck chips to avoid turbulent flow and reduce the possibility of interference between the bottom of the device and the workpiece. The inner wall is designed with unequal thickness, which can reduce the weight while ensuring the overall stiffness. At the same time, the transitions at the inner walls are all rounded to avoid chip accumulation at dead ends. The hemispherical follower support wall 5-13 provides a horizontal circumferential support force when mating with the inner ring 6-2-2. At the same time, there is a certain reserved distance at the upper part of the support arm, as shown in the inclined machining cross-section schematic Figure 15 As shown, when performing inclined angle milling, it can ensure that the outer ring of the hemispherical follower mechanism connected below does not interfere with the bottom of the double-layer housing.

[0053] The design concept of the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) in the present invention is as follows: The chip suction channel is divided into a double-chamber air chamber structure of an inner air chamber and an outer air chamber. This structure is used in cooperation with the intelligent air channel adjustment unit (3). For different processing materials and different tool processing stages, the preset adjustment position can be used to achieve automatic adjustment, or manual adjustment can be made according to the processing conditions.

[0054] Both air chamber cavities have the function of chip suction, but with different focuses; the main function of the inner cavity is to cool down, responsible for creating negative pressure to form a reverse axial air flow. When the suction volume given by the inner cavity is large, the external air flux drained by the annular cooler is higher, and the flow field effect opposite to the feed direction is more obvious, and the cooling effect is stronger, which can effectively delay the rapid wear of the tool. This method is applicable to the middle and late stages of tool processing because at this time the tool has already been worn, the processing performance has decreased, the processing time has been extended, and the tool body generates more heat after long-term processing. At this time, a better cooling effect is more needed.

[0055] The outer cavity is designed very low and is closer to the processing position. When the suction volume given by the outer cavity is very large, the external air drained by the annular cooler becomes less, which can effectively suck chips. This design method is suitable for the early stage of processing. In the early stage, the tool is in good health, less heat is accumulated, and for laminated materials, in order to prevent chip accumulation from causing temperature rise and tool adhesion, the original design intention in the early stage focuses more on sucking chips.

[0056] Such as Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the aperture adjustment top follow-up unit 6 is mainly divided into two parts: an aperture adjustment tightening mechanism 6-1 and a hemispherical follow-up mechanism 6-2. The connection rod adjustment method of the aperture adjustment tightening mechanism 6-1 is different from that of the intelligent air channel adjustment unit 3. There is a cylindrical sliding shaft on the crescent-shaped adjustment piece 6-1-2, and this cylindrical sliding shaft has a clearance fit with the sliding groove 6-1-3. After the support base 6-1-7 is fixed, by adjusting the sliding adjustment ring 6-1-4, the seven internal crescent-shaped adjustment pieces 6-1-2 can be driven to contract or open and close to achieve aperture adjustment. This adjustment mechanism can surround the processing area as much as possible to achieve a more concentrated air flow to suck chips. Three card slots 6-1-5 are evenly arranged at intervals of 120° around the central axis at the bottom of the sliding adjustment ring 6-1-4 for installing three pressure monitoring devices 6-1-6. In the hemispherical follow-up mechanism 6-2, the inner ring 6-2-2 has an interference fit with the hemispherical follow-up support arm 5-13, and the outer ring is threadedly fitted with the adjustment mechanism fixing hole 6-2-1 of the hemispherical follow-up mechanism. When inclined milling processing with an angle between the spindle and the axis direction needs to be achieved, the double-layer housing as a whole together with the inner ring 6-2-2 can swing arbitrarily in any direction within a certain inclination range, while the outer ring 6-2-3 always gives an axial pressing force to the aperture adjustment top follow-up unit 6 to ensure that the outer ring 6-2-3 of the hemispherical follow-up mechanism always remains horizontally attached to the processing surface along with the aperture adjustment top follow-up unit 6.

[0057] As Figure 15 shown, after the overall device is connected in cooperation as described above, it is a cross-sectional schematic diagram during the implementation of the inclined angle milling hole processing technology.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0059] The working method of the self-adjusting cooling chip suction device and control method for laminated material processing described above is as follows:

[0060] a) Install the auxiliary processing device on the machine tool. After completion, the overall device should be parallel to the axis direction of the spindle, and the aperture adjustment follower unit at the bottom should be horizontal with the processed plate in the natural state;

[0061] b) Establish connections between the numerical control machine tool, the upper computer, the control module, the low-temperature generating device and each unit. Measure the thickness of the processed plate, and input the cutting parameters set by the numerical control machine tool into the upper computer. After calculating the time point for processing the first layer of the plate, adjust the intelligent air duct adjustment unit through the control module. After testing without error, it is ready to start processing.

[0062] c) In the natural state, the external thread movable rod extends to the limit length. When the spindle feeds downward, the aperture adjustment follower unit first contacts the processing surface, and the seven spherical head pressing members can fit well with the surface. At the same time, the pressure monitoring device generates signal fluctuations. After being captured by the control module, it enters the fast response state, and the external thread movable rod is gradually compressed, thereby promoting the overall auxiliary processing device to gradually press the surface of the processed part;

[0063] d) The tool starts processing. The control module synchronously records the time point and feeds it back to the upper computer for calculation. At the same time, a control instruction is issued to start the air compressor to make the low-temperature generating device start running;

[0064] e) In the cooling system, the air compressor is used as the gas source end. The high-pressure gas is converted into cooling gas through the eddy current effect in the low-temperature generating device and is input simultaneously from both sides of the double-layer housing. Inside the housing, the annular air curtain device is closely matched with the ventilation support connecting pipe on the inner cavity, and the cooling gas is converted into a uniform annular air curtain to cool and lower the temperature of the cutting area;

[0065] f) When reaching the time point when the first layer of sheet metal processing is completed, after confirmation by the host computer, the signal is sent through the control module, and the position of the sliding adjustment ring in the intelligent control air duct adjustment unit is adjusted accordingly, and then the position status of the current intelligent control air duct adjustment unit is fed back to the host computer. In this way, by actively controlling the opening and closing angle of the air valve in different material and different tool processing stages, the cooling and chip suction effect can be improved targeted, and the active optimization adjustment can be realized.

[0066] g) When performing the inclined angle milling task, the inner ring in the hemispherical follower mechanism is fixed on the housing and rotates cyclically with the main shaft. Correspondingly, the outer ring is driven passively together with the adjustment and tightening mechanism to always perform a rotary motion on the plane. While the relative motion of the inner and outer rings at different inclined angles, the axial tightening force and reliable sealing performance can still be maintained throughout the processing.

[0067] h) When the processing of the laminated material is completed, the pressure monitoring device detects the change in the axial force, feeds the signal back to the control module, and the control module commands the low-temperature generating device to stop working, and at the same time controls the valve flap of the intelligent control air duct adjustment unit to reset for the next processing.

Claims

1. A self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing, characterized in that, Including: Flexible seal displacement adjustment unit (1), chip suction top cover (2), intelligent control air duct adjustment unit (3), annular air curtain cooling device (4), multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) and aperture adjustment top follower unit (6); The flexible seal displacement adjustment unit (1) includes a seal connection module (1-1) and a flexible displacement module (1-2). The seal connection module (1-1) is installed on the main shaft, and three equally spaced positioning sleeves (1-1-1) are arranged on its circumference. The three positioning sleeves (1-1-1) are fixedly matched with three groups of flexible displacement modules (1-2) respectively. The flexible displacement module (1-2) includes an externally threaded movable rod (1-2-3) and a spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair (1-2-4); The chip suction top cover (2) includes a vacuum cleaner connection port (2-1), a quick installation connection port (2-2), a three-specification quick installation head (2-3) and an inner air chamber separation cover (2-5). Two chip discharge ports, namely a vacuum cleaner connection port (2-1) and a quick installation connection port (2-2), are provided on both sides of the boss of the chip suction top cover (2). The three-specification quick installation head (2-3) is installed in cooperation with the quick installation connection port (2-2). The inner air chamber separation cover (2-5) is arranged below the chip suction top cover (2); The intelligent control air duct adjustment unit (3) consists of two modules, an air duct adjustment mechanism (3-1) and an intelligent control unit (3-2). The air duct adjustment mechanism (3-1) includes a fixed base (3-1-2), a sliding adjustment ring (3-1-3), a movable valve flap (3-1-4), an inner valve (3-1-7), an outer valve (3-1-8) and a machining reserved gap (3-1-6). The center of the machining reserved gap (3-1-6) coincides with the central axis of the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) to avoid interference between the tool body and the air duct adjustment mechanism (3-1) during the feeding process of the main shaft. The air duct adjustment mechanism (3-1) is installed on the housing tightening hole (5-3) of the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) through the fixed base (3-1-2). The inner valve (3-1-7) is communicated with the inner air chamber (5-6) of the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5), and the outer valve (3-1-8) is communicated with the outer air chamber (5-7) of the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5). When the movable valve flap (3-1- 4) is in different adjustment positions, the suction flux control can be realized. The connected intelligent control unit (3-2) consists of a numerical control machine tool A, a host computer B and a control module C, and can realize intelligent control; The described annular air curtain cooling device (4) includes: a wide-narrow-wide flow channel structural feature (4-1), a water droplet arc-shaped outlet structural feature (4-2), an air inlet opening (4-3), a low-position outlet feature (4-4), and a low-temperature generating device D; the flow channels and outlets of the wide-narrow-wide flow channel structural feature (4-1) and the water droplet arc-shaped outlet structural feature (4-2) are designed such that the cooling air introduced can form an air flow in the direction opposite to the tool feed, and can drain external air to generate a total gas flux higher than its own air supply volume; the outlet characteristics of its arc outlet curvature r and jet width h need to satisfy the following formula: where D' is the diameter of the air inlet opening (4-3), and R is the radius of the inclined outlet; the low-position outlet feature (4-4) can lower the starting position of the cooling jet and be close to the bottom end of the tool; The described multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) includes: an adjusting ring chute (5-1), a sealing ring mounting groove (5-2), a housing set screw hole (5-3), a multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting sub-fixed groove (5-4), an inner air chamber (5-6), an outer air chamber (5-7), a multi-functional expansion hole position (5-8), a ventilation support connecting pipe (5-9), a five-way support arm (5-10), a low-position outlet support (5-11), an inclined arc outer wall (5-12), and a hemispherical follower support wall (5-13); the adjusting ring chute (5-1) provides support and sealing for the sliding adjusting ring (3-1-3); after installing a 4-mm-high airtight ring in the sealing ring mounting groove (5-2), airtight isolation between the inner air chamber (5-6) and the outer air chamber (5-7) can be achieved; inside the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5), there is a double-chamber air chamber structure of the inner air chamber (5-6) and the outer air chamber (5-7), and this structure cooperates with the air passage adjusting unit (3) described above; the inner air chamber (5-6) is entirely suspended above the chip suction port of the outer air chamber (5-7) and is separated from the outer air chamber, and is connected and supported by the five-way support arm (5-10). At the bottom of the inner air chamber (5-6), there is the low-position outlet support (5-11) for the annular air curtain cooling device (4) to be installed in cooperation. The ventilation support connecting pipe (5-9) is arranged through between the inner and outer air chambers and can cooperate with the air supply end opening (4-3) to achieve good cold air delivery. The five-way support arm (5-10) and the ventilation support connecting pipe (5-9) extend from the inner air chamber (5-6) to the inclined arc outer wall (5-12). On the circumferential equilateral hexagon expansion platform of the inclined arc outer wall (5-12), there are three multi-degree-of-freedom adjusting sub-fixed grooves (5-4) spaced 120° apart from each other. At the bottom end of the inclined arc outer wall (5-12), there is fixedly installed the hemispherical follower support wall (5-13) for the aperture adjusting top follower unit (6) to be connected; The aperture adjustment and tightening follower unit (6) is divided into an aperture adjustment and tightening mechanism (6-1) and a hemispherical follower mechanism (6-2); the aperture adjustment and tightening mechanism (6-1) comprises: a ball head tightening member (6-1-1), a crescent-shaped adjustment piece (6-1-2), a sliding notch (6-1-3), a sliding adjustment ring (6-1-4), a clamping groove (6-1-5) and a pressure monitoring device (6-1-6); the aperture adjustment and tightening mechanism (6-1) changes the relative position of the crescent-shaped adjustment piece (6-1-2) in the sliding notch (6-1-3) to change the processing formed by the combination of multiple crescent-shaped adjustment pieces (6-1-2) The aperture area can be adjusted to achieve the adjustment of the processable aperture; the ball head tightening component (6-1-1) can achieve a rolling tightening effect on the workpiece; the lower end surface of the sliding adjustment ring (6-1-4) is provided with three slots (6-1-5) at equal intervals for the pressure monitoring device (6-1-6) to be installed; the hemispherical follower mechanism (6-2) comprises: an adjustment mechanism fixing hole (6-2-1), an inner ring (6-2-2), and an outer ring (6-2-3); the inner ring (6-2-3) moves together with the multifunctional double-cavity housing (5) after being matched, and the outer ring (6-2-3) moves together with the hemispherical follower mechanism (6-2).

2. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, wherein: The flexible displacement module (1-2) generates a propulsion force by an internal unequal pitch spring (1-2-2); the inner ring of the spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair (1-2-4) at the bottom cooperates with the external threaded movable rod (1-2-3); the outer ring of the spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair (1-2-4) cooperates and is fixed with the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair fixing groove (5-4) on the multifunctional double-cavity housing (5); after the spherical multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment pair (1-2-4) is cooperated, compensation for installation errors can be achieved.

3. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, wherein: The inhalation flux control is achieved by controlling the opening and closing angle of the sliding adjustment ring (3-1-3) relative to the fixed base (3-1-2) through the airway adjustment mechanism (3-1), and correspondingly controlling the position of the movable valve flap (3-1-4) between the inner valve (3-1-7) and the outer valve (3-1-8), thereby achieving the inhalation volume control of the inner air chamber (5-6) and the outer air chamber (5-7) working in coordination.

4. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The airway adjustment mechanism (3-1) is preset with two adjustment gears, namely, a first stage gear when processing an upper plate and a second stage gear when processing a lower plate; the first stage gear is located at the end of the counterclockwise rotation of the sliding adjustment ring (3-1-3) relative to the fixed base (3-1-2), and the corresponding adjustment state at this time is: the inner valve (3-1-7) is closed, and the outer valve (3-1-8) is opened; the second stage gear is located at the end of the clockwise rotation of the sliding adjustment ring (3-1-3) relative to the fixed base (3-1-2), and the corresponding adjustment state at this time is: the inner valve (3-1-7) is opened, and the outer valve (3-1-8) is closed.

5. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment positions of the airway adjustment mechanism (3-1) include, but are not limited to, the first-stage position and the second-stage position. The above two adjustment positions are only the initial adjustment positions set for the processing of CFRP / titanium alloy laminated materials, and can be changed accordingly according to different processing materials.

6. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet width h, the end radius R of the inclination angle, and the curvature r of the arc-shaped outlet of the water-drop arc-shaped outlet structure feature (4-2) need to meet the following conditions: 0.15 mm ≤ h ≤ 0.85 mm, 4 mm ≤ r ≤ 7 mm, 10 mm ≤ R ≤ 15.5 mm.

7. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wide-narrow-wide flow channel structure feature (4-1) is connected to the gas supply end opening (4-3). The number of the gas supply end openings (4-3) is 2, which are symmetrically distributed around the center, and its diameter D' is 10 mm. The inner wall of the flow channel of the wide-narrow-wide flow channel structure feature (4-1) gradually contracts from 15 mm at the widest part to the narrowest width of 0.15 mm at the arc-shaped outlet, and then expands by the water-drop arc-shaped outlet structure feature (4-2) to divert the cooling gas to the external environment.

8. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, wherein: The inclined arc outer wall (5-12) is a 25° inclined angle unequal-thickness structure, which can avoid interference between the bottom and the workpiece fixture and reduce the weight. The connection part of the unequal-thickness inner wall is optimized by fluid simulation to have a smooth transition, which can reduce the probability of dead corner chip accumulation at the connection part of the inner wall. Each side of the hexagonal expansion table is provided with 2 multi-functional expansion holes (5-8) for external device expansion and installation.

9. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, wherein: The aperture adjustment and clamping mechanism (6-1) drives seven crescent-shaped adjustment pieces (6-1-2) through a sliding adjustment ring (6-1-4) in a sliding slot (6-1-3) to achieve opening and closing adjustment, and is adjusted before processing according to different aperture sizes of processing.

10. The self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to claim 1, wherein: The inner ring (6-2-2) is in interference fit with the hemispherical follower support wall (5-13) and moves synchronously with the multi-functional double-chamber housing (5) in real time. After the outer ring (6-2-3) is fitted with the adjustment mechanism fixing hole (6-2-1), it moves together with the aperture adjustment and clamping mechanism (6-1). After the inner and outer rings are connected and fitted, they can together provide the freedom of axial deflection for the device, so as to achieve multi-degree-of-freedom deflection movement in space.

11. A control method for a self-adjusting cooling and chip suction device for laminated material processing according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Establish connections between the modules of the cooling and chip suction assisted processing device, set control parameters in the upper computer B platform, synchronize processing information and machine tool programs, and interact with the control module C in real time. Step 2: For the processing of laminated materials, from the start of processing to before the completion of the processing of the first layer of sheet material, the airway adjustment mechanism (3-1) drives the sliding adjustment ring (3-1-3) to rotate to the first-stage position, the outer air valve (3-1-8) is opened, and at the same time the airway adjustment mechanism (3-1) drives the inner air valve (3-1-7) to close. It is also possible to customize the corresponding adjustment positions according to different materials and different processing stages, and set different angle adjustment positions for the inner air valve (3-1-7) and the outer air valve (3-1-8) to achieve control of the suction volume of the inner and outer cavities in different proportions. Step 3: When reaching the time point when the processing of the first-layer plate is completed, it is set as the critical value time point for changing the inner and outer cavity air valves. Step 4: When reaching the critical value time point, the air passage regulating mechanism (3-1) drives the sliding regulating ring (3-1-3) to rotate to the second-stage gear position, the outer air valve (3-1-8) closes, and at the same time, the air passage regulating mechanism (3-1) drives the inner air valve (3-1-7) to open.

12. The control method according to claim 11, wherein The upper computer B interacts with the control module C in real time, including the following steps: Step 1: Enter the configuration interface of the host computer B, select the airway adjustment mechanism (3-1) to be set, set the initial value G, the main adjustment angle value T1, and the error compensation angle value W1 of this adjustment mechanism. At the same time, share the thickness δ1, δ2 of the processing material and the axial feed speed V f parameter information to the control module C; Step 2: After the control module C receives the parameters transmitted by the host computer B, according to t1 = δ1 / V f , t2 = δ2 / V f , G min = G - T1 ± W1, G max = G + T1 ± W1 to calculate the processing feed duration of each layer of sheet material and the upper and lower limits of the adjustment range, and feedback the adjustment range to the host computer B and display it in the information feedback area on the software interface; Step 3: The main shaft starts to operate. When the end of the device touches the surface of the workpiece, the external thread movable rod (1-2-3) starts to be compressed, the pressure monitoring device (6-1-6) starts to work and feeds back the contact signal to the control module C, and the control module C transfers from the standby state to the fast response state. Step 4: When the tool touches the surface of the workpiece, the force on the pressure monitoring device (6-1-6) decreases. The control module C receives the signal, sets this time point as the start processing time point, calculates the time node for the air passage regulating mechanism (3-1) to adjust according to the program set by the upper computer B. At the same time, the control module C issues an instruction to start the low-temperature generating device D to make the refrigeration system start to work. Step 5: The control module C starts timing synchronously with the processing, and monitors the motion state of the air passage regulating mechanism (3-1) and the signal value of the pressure monitoring device (6-1-6) in real time throughout the process. When the monitored signal value reaches the time node set by the upper computer B, it issues an adjustment instruction to control the opening and closing angle of the movable air valve flap (3-1-4) in the intelligent air passage regulating unit (3); the control module C feeds back the adjusted position and state to the upper computer B for the upper computer B to make a judgment. When the feedback value exceeds the upper and lower limit positions described in Step 2, it issues an alarm instruction, commands the control module C to stop the continuous adjustment operation and locks it. Step 6: After the laminated material processing is completed, the pressure monitoring device (6-1-6) detects the axial force change and feeds back the signal to the control module C. The control module C commands the low-temperature generating device D to stop working, and at the same time controls the movable air valve flap (3-1-4) of the intelligent air passage regulating unit (3) to reset for the next processing.

Images