A test apparatus and method for simulating rockburst

Abstract

This application provides a test apparatus and method for simulating rockburst, comprising a main frame, a simulated drilling mechanism, and a drilling dust collection mechanism. The simulated drilling mechanism is installed on the left side of the main frame and is capable of simulating drilling operations on the main frame. The drilling dust collection mechanism is installed on the simulated drilling mechanism and is used to absorb and treat the dust generated during drilling. This apparatus can simulate the effects of different excavation speeds and different excavation diameters on the rockburst process, and can also simulate the impact of different structural surfaces on the damage during the excavation of deep-buried tunnels, thus better reflecting actual field conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock engineering, and more particularly to a test apparatus and method for simulating rockburst. Background Technology

[0002] Rockburst refers to the phenomenon where, under the influence of stress redistribution during excavation, the accumulated elastic strain energy within the rock mass is rapidly released, causing the rock to burst and eject. Rockburst hazards pose serious safety problems to engineering construction. In order to effectively control rockbursts and reduce their harm to underground engineering personnel and equipment, in-depth research on rockburst issues has significant academic value and practical implications.

[0003] The suddenness and destructive nature of rockbursts in tunnels make the study of their mechanisms extremely difficult. Tunnel physical model testing has become a crucial method for this research. Currently, most rockburst simulation tests employ a method of pre-drilling rock samples or similar materials and then loading them. This method only simulates the stress concentration process in tunnels and does not accurately reflect the actual engineering context of excavating rock masses under stress. Furthermore, the pre-drilling method does not consider the impact of different excavation speeds and tunnel diameters on the rockburst process. In addition, due to the size limitations of existing testing equipment, the prepared rock samples are mostly small, making it difficult to create structural surfaces (joints) within the rock mass samples and thus preventing the current study of the effects of different structural surfaces (joints) on the rockburst process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of this application is to provide a test device and method for simulating rockbursts, so as to solve the problem that existing rockburst research model devices cannot truly reflect actual working conditions.

[0005] The technical solution of this application is:

[0006] A test apparatus and method for simulating rockburst include a main frame, a simulated drilling mechanism, and a drilling dust collection mechanism. The simulated drilling mechanism is installed on the left side of the main frame and is capable of performing simulated drilling operations on the main frame. The drilling dust collection mechanism is installed on the simulated drilling mechanism and is used to absorb and treat the dust generated during the drilling process.

[0007] As one technical solution of this application, the main frame includes a base plate and a main frame; the main frame is assembled by connecting four annular steel plates in parallel in sequence, and all of them are fixedly installed on the base plate; a drilling hole is opened on the left side of the main frame, and a sleeve is detachably installed in the drilling hole.

[0008] As one technical solution of this application, a door body, a pressure head, a connecting screw, a spring, and a locking nut are installed on the left side of the main frame; one side of the door body is hinged to the outside of the main frame near the drilling hole, and a locking block is installed on the outer wall; the connecting screw is installed on the other side of the main frame near the drilling hole; one end of the pressure head is rotatably sleeved on the connecting screw, and the other end is used to be detachably locked at the locking block; the spring is sleeved on the connecting screw, with one end connected to the connecting screw and the other end connected to the pressure head; the locking nut is sleeved on the connecting screw and located outside the pressure head, used to lock and limit the pressure head.

[0009] As one technical solution of this application, the simulated drilling mechanism includes a base, a rigid support, a first geared motor, a ball screw, a mounting base, a second geared motor, a mounting frame, a guide sleeve, and a guide rod; the base is located on the left side of the main frame; the rigid support is fixed to the base; the ball screw is mounted on the rigid support; the first geared motor is mounted on one end of the rigid support, and its driving end is connected to one end of the ball screw; two linear slide rails are installed parallel to each other on the upper surface of the rigid support; the mounting base is movably mounted on the two linear slide rails, and its bottom is connected to the nut seat of the ball screw; the mounting frame is mounted on one end of the mounting base; the second geared motor is mounted on one end of the mounting frame, and its driving end is connected to one end of the guide rod to drive the guide rod to rotate; one end of the guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting base, and the guide sleeve is located above the linear slide rails; the guide rod is rotatably disposed in the guide sleeve, and a dust baffle and a cutter head are sequentially and detachably mounted on its end at intervals.

[0010] As one technical solution of this application, the cutter head includes a cutter barrel, a rotating shaft, and a plurality of drilling heads; one end of the cutter barrel is sleeved on the end of the guide rod; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the other end of the cutter barrel; the plurality of drilling heads are respectively and spaced apart on the end of the rotating shaft, and the length of the drilling head is greater than the radius of the cutter barrel.

[0011] As one technical solution of this application, the drilling and dust collection mechanism includes an air inlet pipe, a dust collection pipe, a first air pump, and a second air pump; the air inlet pipe is sleeved on the guide rod, with one end passing through the dust baffle and the other end connected to the first air pump; the dust collection pipe is installed in the guide sleeve and is located at the bottom of the guide rod, with one end passing through the dust baffle and the other end connected to the second air pump; the dust baffle has multiple spaced through holes.

[0012] A rockburst simulation test method, using the aforementioned simulated rockburst test apparatus, includes the following steps:

[0013] Step 1: Sample Preparation: Mix water and high-strength gypsum powder at a mass ratio of 0.8:1 until homogeneous. During mixing, add defoamer and retarder, each at 0.5% of the gypsum mass. After mixing thoroughly, slowly pour the mixture into a mold. Before the mixture initially sets, insert a steel sheet coated with release agent on both sides into the mixture. After initial setting, remove the steel sheet. Demold to produce a simulated specimen with a prefabricated structural surface.

[0014] Step 2: Curing: Place the simulated specimen in an oven for curing. After curing, check the flatness, density and dryness of the simulated specimen. If it passes the test, test the simulated specimen.

[0015] Step 3: Mold Assembly: Two rectangular simulated specimens with dimensions of 200mm×600mm×1000mm are assembled into a single simulated specimen with dimensions of 400mm×600mm×1000mm. Before assembly, stress bricks and strain gauges are placed inside the simulated specimen to monitor the stress and strain of the simulated specimen during loading. After assembly, the simulated specimen is cured for two days, and then a crane is used to push the simulated specimen into the main frame.

[0016] Step 4: Loading: The simulated specimen is subjected to three-dimensional six-sided loading to simulate the geostress environment of the rock mass and achieve the preset stress value for stabilization.

[0017] Step 5: Excavation: Rotate the pressure head on the main frame counterclockwise to open the door on the main frame and start the simulated drilling mechanism to conduct simulated tunnel excavation;

[0018] Step Six: Recording and Analysis: Record the failure load and macroscopic failure phenomena of the simulated specimen, and analyze and process the collected data.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0020] The simulated rockburst test apparatus and method described in this application are simple in principle, easy to operate, and can be disassembled, rearranged, and reused repeatedly. This apparatus simulates the excavation process of a sample under three-dimensional, six-sided loading, more closely resembling actual field conditions. It can conduct rockburst simulation tests under specific in-situ stresses and rock mass characteristics, and can simulate the effects of different excavation speeds and tunnel diameters on rockbursts. This apparatus can predict the location, volume, and intensity of rockbursts, and can also simulate the impact of different structural surfaces on the damage during deep-buried tunnel excavation. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the test apparatus and rockburst simulation test method provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the host rack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the door provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fit between the pressure head and the connecting screw provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first angle of the engagement between the pressure head and the connecting screw provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a simulated drilling mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first angle of the simulated drilling mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second angle of the simulated drilling mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third angle of the simulated drilling mechanism provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a simulated specimen provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Icons: 1-Base plate; 2-Main frame; 3-Drill hole; 4-Sleeve; 5-Door body; 6-Pressure head; 7-Connecting screw; 8-Spring; 9-Locking nut; 10-Base; 11-Rigid bracket; 12-First geared motor; 13-Ball screw; 14-Mounting seat; 15-Second geared motor; 16-Mounting bracket; 17-Guide sleeve; 18-Guide rod; 19-Air inlet pipe; 20-Dust suction pipe; 21-Dust baffle; 22-Simulated specimen; 23-Cut head; 24-Linear slide rail. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0034] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0035] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0036] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only used to facilitate the description of this application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0037] Furthermore, in this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above or below" the first feature may include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Moreover, "above," "over," and "on" the first feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the first feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0038] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal" and "vertical" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0039] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] Example:

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1 (Refer to) Figures 2 to 10 This application provides a test device and method for simulating rockburst, which mainly includes a main frame, a simulated drilling mechanism and a drilling dust collection mechanism; wherein, the simulated drilling mechanism is installed on the left side of the main frame and can perform drilling simulation operation on the simulated specimen 22; at the same time, the drilling dust collection mechanism is installed on the simulated drilling mechanism and is used to absorb and treat the dust generated during the drilling process.

[0042] Furthermore, the main frame is hollow inside and open on both sides. It mainly includes a base plate 1, a main frame 2, and a left limiting plate. The base plate 1 is made of steel plate, and the main frame 2 is assembled from four high-strength annular steel plates connected and fixed to the base plate 1 by multiple bolts. In addition, multiple rings for hoisting are welded to the upper side of the outer wall of the main frame 2. A drilling hole 3 is opened on the left side of the main frame 2, and a sleeve 4 is detachably installed in the drilling hole 3. Different sizes of sleeves 4 can be matched with different sizes of cutter heads 23 by removing and installing them.

[0043] A door body 5, a pressure head 6, a connecting screw 7, a spring 8, and a locking nut 9 are installed on the left side of the main frame 2. One side of the door body 5 is hinged to the outside of the main frame 2 near the drilling hole 3, and a locking block is installed on its outer wall. The connecting screw 7 is installed on the other side of the main frame 2 near the drilling hole 3. One end of the pressure head 6 is rotatably fitted onto the connecting screw 7, and the other end is detachably locked onto the locking block. The spring 8 is fitted onto the connecting screw 7, with one end connected to the connecting screw 7 and the other end connected to the pressure head 6. The locking nut 9 is fitted onto the connecting screw 7 and is located outside the pressure head 6, used to lock and limit the pressure head 6. The pressure head 6 can rotate around the connecting screw 7 to the locking block on the door body 5, and then the pressure head 6 is fixed by rotating the locking nut 9, thereby fixing the door body 5. Both the pressure head 6 and the locking nut 9 have threaded grooves for installing support rods, facilitating the rotation of the pressure head 6 and the locking nut 9. Closing the door 5 and tightening the pressure head 6 will restore the original device to its original state, and the original testing function will not be affected.

[0044] It should be noted that the main frame mentioned in this embodiment is based on the first large-scale rockburst test device (patent number ZL201210588364.7) independently developed by the inventors' team. The hydraulic loading system on the top of the device is replaced by a gas-liquid composite loading system (patent number CN201320376374.4). Furthermore, other devices that can achieve the same function can be used to replace the rockburst simulation device, which is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0045] Furthermore, the simulated drilling mechanism includes a base 10, a rigid support 11, a first geared motor 12, a ball screw 13, a mounting base 14, a second geared motor 15, a mounting bracket 16, a guide sleeve 17, and a guide rod 18. The base 10 is located on the left side of the main frame and has a rectangular frame structure, fixed to the ground by multiple bolts. The rigid support 11 is fixed to the base 10 by multiple bolts or welding, and also has a rectangular frame structure. The ball screw 13 is mounted on the rigid support 11 along its length. The first geared motor 12 is mounted on a mounting plate at one end of the rigid support 11, and its drive end is connected to one end of the ball screw 13 via a first coupling. Additionally, two linear guide rails 24 are installed parallel to each other on the upper surface of the rigid support 11. The mounting base 14... The mounting bracket 14 is movably mounted on two linear slide rails 24 via multiple sliders at its bottom, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top of the nut seat of the ball screw 13. When the ball screw 13 is started, the nut seat on it can drive the mounting bracket 14 to move on the linear slide rails 24. The mounting bracket 16 is fixedly mounted on one end of the mounting bracket 14 by multiple bolts. The second gear motor 15 is fixedly mounted on one end of the mounting bracket 16, which is above the first gear motor 12, and its drive end is connected to one end of the guide rod 18 through a second coupling to drive the guide rod 18 to rotate. At the same time, one end of the guide sleeve 17 is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting bracket 14, and the guide sleeve 17 is located in the middle position above the two linear slide rails 24. The guide rod 18 is rotatably disposed in the guide sleeve 17, and a dust baffle 21 and a cutter head 23 are detachably and spaced apart on its end.

[0046] It should be noted that the cutter head 23 includes a cutter barrel, a rotating shaft, and multiple drill heads; one end of the cutter barrel is sleeved on the end of the guide rod 18; and one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the other end of the cutter barrel; at the same time, multiple drill heads are respectively and spaced apart on the end of the rotating shaft, and the length of the drill head is greater than the radius of the cutter barrel.

[0047] The operation of this simulated drilling mechanism can be controlled by a computer. By controlling the rotational speed of the first reduction motor 12 and the second reduction motor 15 respectively, the forward and backward speeds of the second reduction motor 15 can be controlled.

[0048] Furthermore, the drilling and dust extraction mechanism includes an air inlet pipe 19, a dust extraction pipe 20, a first air pump, and a second air pump. The air inlet pipe 19 is fitted onto the guide rod 18, with one end passing through the dust baffle 21 to reach the excavated chamber, and the other end connected to the first air pump. Simultaneously, the dust extraction pipe 20 is installed in the guide sleeve 17 at the bottom of the guide rod 18, with one end passing through the dust baffle 21 to reach the excavated chamber, and the other end connected to the second air pump. The dust baffle 21 has multiple spaced through holes. Both the first and second air pumps have a capacity of 24 liters and can exhaust 45 liters per minute.

[0049] The drilling dust extraction mechanism and the simulated drilling mechanism can be operated synchronously or independently. The first air pump blows gas into the air inlet pipe 19, blowing up the powder formed during drilling. The second air pump sucks the gas out from the dust extraction pipe 20, carrying away the powder and dust.

[0050] Stress monitoring and strain monitoring structures are installed inside the simulated specimen 22. The stress monitoring structure includes a stress block and a signal shielding wire connected in sequence, both installed inside the simulated specimen 22. The stress block is electrically connected to a strain gauge through the signal shielding wire. The strain monitoring structure includes a strain gauge and a signal shielding wire connected in sequence, both installed inside the simulated specimen 22. The strain gauge is electrically connected to the strain gauge through the signal shielding wire. Furthermore, an acoustic emission probe is installed on the outer wall of the simulated specimen 22, and the acoustic emission probe is electrically connected to an acoustic emission signal acquisition instrument through a signal shielding wire.

[0051] It should be noted that the stress brick, signal shielding wire, strain gauge acquisition instrument, strain gauge, acoustic emission probe, and acoustic emission signal acquisition instrument can all adopt existing structures, and their specific structures and working principles will not be elaborated here. The strain gauge elongates under tension and shortens under compression. This elongation or shortening changes its resistance. By measuring the resistance change of the strain gauge, the magnitude of the force and the internal deformation of the simulated specimen 22 during loading are measured, thus recording the stress state and deformation of the simulated specimen 22 throughout the loading and excavation process. Simultaneously, the internal fracture and microcrack propagation of the simulated specimen 22 generate stress waves. These stress waves exert a tensile or compressive effect on the piezoelectric ceramic on the acoustic emission probe. Based on the piezoelectric effect, the acoustic emission signal is converted into an electrical signal and recorded. Different fracture modes generate different acoustic emission signals, allowing the study of the degree and mode of fracture (distinguishing between shear fracture and tensile fracture) within the simulated specimen 22 throughout the loading and excavation process. In addition, the micro camera monitoring structure uses a micro camera. Before the simulated excavation, the micro camera can be installed in the through hole of the dust baffle 21 and move forward synchronously with the cutter head 23. Alternatively, after the drilling is completed and the cutter head 23 is withdrawn, the micro camera can be placed in the excavated chamber for video recording and observation. It can record the deformation around the chamber during the entire loading and excavation process and the images of rock burst damage (such as the volume and speed of ejected fragments), which can be used later to determine the severity of the damage.

[0052] Furthermore, the method for simulating rockburst on the simulated specimen 22 using this device includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Sample Preparation: Prepare a rock-like material sample with a certain rockburst tendency and strength and size that meet the loading requirements of the test equipment. This sample is then made into a simulated specimen 22. The specific materials of this sample include high-strength gypsum powder, water, defoamer, and retarder. Water and high-strength gypsum powder are mixed at a mass ratio of 0.8:1 and stirred evenly. During stirring, defoamer and retarder are added, each at 0.5% of the gypsum mass. After stirring evenly, the mixture is slowly poured into a mold with dimensions of 200mm × 600mm × 1000mm. Before the mixture initially sets, a thin steel sheet coated with a release agent on both sides is inserted into the mixture. The steel sheet is 1mm thick. After initial setting, the steel sheet is slowly pulled out. The mold is then removed, resulting in a simulated specimen 22 with a prefabricated structural surface.

[0054] Step 2: Curing: Place the simulated specimen 22 in the drying room for curing. After curing, check its flatness, density and dryness. If it passes the test, install the monitoring equipment and test it.

[0055] Step 3: Mold Assembly: Two rectangular simulated specimens 200mm × 600mm × 1000mm are assembled into a single simulated specimen 22 measuring 400mm × 600mm × 1000mm. Before assembly, an appropriate number of stress blocks and strain gauges are placed at suitable locations to monitor the stress and strain of the entire specimen during loading. The assembled simulated specimen 22 is shown below. Figure 10 As shown in the figure (the circular tunnel in the figure was formed after subsequent excavation), it was cured in its natural state for two days, and then the simulated specimen 22 was pushed into the main frame by a crane.

[0056] Step 4: Loading: Apply three-dimensional six-sided loading to the simulated specimen 22 to simulate the geostress environment of the rock mass and achieve the preset stress value for stabilization;

[0057] Step 5: Excavation: Rotate the pressure head 6 counterclockwise to open the door 5 and start the simulated drilling mechanism to conduct simulated tunnel excavation;

[0058] Step Six: Recording and Analysis: Record the failure load and macroscopic failure phenomena of the simulated specimen 22, including the location of failure, the depth of the crater, the volume and velocity of the ejected debris, etc., and analyze and process the data collected by each monitoring device.

[0059] It should be noted that in step one, by adjusting the mass ratio of water to high-strength gypsum powder, simulated specimens 22 with different strengths and brittleness can be prepared, which can then be used to simulate rock masses with different lithologies.

[0060] It should be noted that in step three, the process of inserting thin steel sheets can be omitted, thereby creating a complete simulated specimen 22 to simulate the process of rock bursting in a complete rock mass.

[0061] It should be noted that in step four, different sizes of drill bit 23 can be replaced to simulate the rockburst process of chambers with different excavation sizes. At the same time, the rotation speed of the second reduction motor 15 and the first reduction motor 12 can be adjusted. By controlling the rotation speed of the first reduction motor 12, the forward and backward speeds of the second reduction motor 15 can be controlled to simulate the rockburst process under different excavation speeds.

[0062] It should be noted that in step five, if no rock burst occurs during the excavation process, the second reduction motor 15 is reversed, and the cutter head 23 is withdrawn from the tunnel to increase the vertical load until a rock burst occurs.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without creative effort, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A test apparatus for simulating rockburst, characterized in that, The system includes a main frame, a simulated drilling mechanism, and a drilling dust collection mechanism. The simulated drilling mechanism is installed on the left side of the main frame and is capable of simulating drilling operations on the main frame. The drilling dust collection mechanism is installed on the simulated drilling mechanism and is used to absorb and treat the dust generated during drilling. The simulated drilling mechanism includes a base, a rigid support, a first geared motor, a ball screw, a mounting base, a second geared motor, a mounting bracket, a guide sleeve, and a guide rod. The base is located on the left side of the main frame. The rigid support is fixed to the base. The ball screw is installed on the rigid support. The first geared motor is installed on one end of the rigid support, and the driving end... A transmission connection is made to one end of the ball screw; two linear slide rails are installed parallel and spaced apart on the upper surface of the rigid bracket; the mounting base is movably mounted on the two linear slide rails, and its bottom is connected to the nut seat of the ball screw; the mounting bracket is mounted on one end of the mounting base; the second reduction motor is mounted on one end of the mounting bracket, and its driving end is transmissionally connected to one end of the guide rod for driving the guide rod to rotate; one end of the guide sleeve is fixedly connected to the other end of the mounting base, and the guide sleeve is located above the linear slide rails; the guide rod is rotatably disposed in the guide sleeve, and a dust baffle and a cutter head are sequentially and detachably mounted and spaced apart on its end.

2. The experimental apparatus for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main frame includes a base plate and a main frame; the main frame is assembled from four annular steel plates connected in parallel in sequence, and all of them are fixedly installed on the base plate; a drilling hole is opened on the left side of the main frame, and a sleeve is detachably installed in the drilling hole.

3. The experimental apparatus for simulating rockburst according to claim 2, characterized in that, A door, a pressure head, a connecting screw, a spring, and a locking nut are installed on the left side of the main frame. One side of the door is hinged to the outside of the main frame near the drilling hole, and a locking block is installed on its outer wall. The connecting screw is installed on the other side of the main frame near the drilling hole. One end of the pressure head is rotatably sleeved on the connecting screw, and the other end is detachably locked to the locking block. The spring is sleeved on the connecting screw, with one end connected to the connecting screw and the other end connected to the pressure head. The locking nut is sleeved on the connecting screw and located outside the pressure head, used to lock and limit the pressure head.

4. The experimental apparatus for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head includes a cutter barrel, a rotating shaft, and multiple drill bits; one end of the cutter barrel is sleeved on the end of the guide rod; one end of the rotating shaft is connected to the other end of the cutter barrel; multiple drill bits are respectively and spaced apart on the end of the rotating shaft, and the length of each drill bit is greater than the radius of the cutter barrel.

5. The experimental apparatus for simulating rockburst according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drilling and dust collection mechanism includes an air inlet pipe, a dust collection pipe, a first air pump, and a second air pump; the air inlet pipe is sleeved on the guide rod, with one end passing through the dust baffle and the other end connected to the first air pump; the dust collection pipe is installed in the guide sleeve and is located at the bottom of the guide rod, with one end passing through the dust baffle and the other end connected to the second air pump; the dust baffle has multiple spaced through holes.

6. A rockburst simulation test method, characterized in that, The simulation test is conducted using the simulated rockburst test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: Step 1: Sample Preparation: Mix water and high-strength gypsum powder at a mass ratio of 0.8:1 and stir until homogeneous. During stirring, add defoamer and retarder, each at 0.5% of the gypsum mass. After stirring until homogeneous, slowly pour the mixture into a mold. Before the mixture initially sets, insert a steel sheet coated with release agent on both sides into the mixture. After initial setting, remove the steel sheet. Demold to produce a simulated specimen with a prefabricated structural surface. Step 2: Curing: Place the simulated specimen in an oven for curing. After curing, check the flatness, density and dryness of the simulated specimen. If it passes the test, test the simulated specimen. Step 3: Mold Assembly: Two rectangular simulated specimens with dimensions of 200mm×600mm×1000mm are assembled into a single simulated specimen with dimensions of 400mm×600mm×1000mm. Before assembly, stress bricks and strain gauges are placed inside the simulated specimen to monitor the stress and strain of the simulated specimen during loading. After assembly, the simulated specimen is cured for two days, and then a crane is used to push the simulated specimen into the main frame. Step 4: Loading: The simulated specimen is subjected to three-dimensional six-sided loading to simulate the geostress environment of the rock mass and achieve the preset stress value for stabilization. Step 5: Excavation: Rotate the pressure head on the main frame counterclockwise to open the door on the main frame and start the simulated drilling mechanism to conduct simulated tunnel excavation; Step Six: Recording and Analysis: Record the failure load and macroscopic failure phenomena of the simulated specimen, and analyze and process the collected data.

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