Method and device for detecting bubbles in heavy water, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for detecting bubbles in heavy water, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises: obtaining an absorption spectrum of a heavy water sample; determining a first concentration section to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; determining a first spectrum feature corresponding to the first concentration section; the first spectrum feature represents a wave number range of each flat-top peak in the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample of the first concentration section; and determining whether the heavy water sample contains bubbles based on the first spectrum feature and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed flow control technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium for detecting air bubbles in heavy water. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy water is primarily used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors, and its concentration directly affects the safety and performance of the reactor. To ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor and the health of relevant personnel, the concentration of heavy water must be accurately quantified. Currently, infrared absorption spectroscopy is commonly used to quantify heavy water concentration. However, the presence of air bubbles in the heavy water, especially if these bubbles are located in the path of the incident light, can affect the accuracy of the quantification. Related techniques involve visually inspecting the liquid pool filled with heavy water to ensure the presence of air bubbles. However, when the bubbles are very small and located at the edge of the liquid pool, they can easily be misidentified, leading to inaccurate heavy water quantification. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, electronic device and storage medium for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, with the aim of effectively detecting air bubbles in heavy water.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0007] Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined;

[0008] Determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range.

[0009] Based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0010] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0011] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0012] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0013] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0014] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0015] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0016] In the above scheme, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0017] Determine whether all spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks.

[0018] If the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are not uniformly flat-topped peaks, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0019] In the above scheme, the method further includes:

[0020] Obtain the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentration ranges;

[0021] Determine the wavenumber range of all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectra corresponding to each concentration range.

[0022] In the above scheme, determining the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on its absorption spectrum includes:

[0023] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0024] The second spectral features are matched with the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range;

[0025] The first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined based on the matching results.

[0026] In the above scheme, the standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

[0027] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, the device comprising:

[0028] The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum of heavy water samples;

[0029] The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0030] The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range.

[0031] The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the features of the first spectral image and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0032] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory is used to store a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to execute the steps of the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0033] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium, comprising: the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0034] This invention, through obtaining the absorption spectrum of a heavy water sample, determines the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum. It then identifies the first spectral characteristics corresponding to the first concentration range. These characteristics characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample within the first concentration range. Based on these first spectral characteristics and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, it determines whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. This embodiment can automatically identify air bubbles in heavy water based on the first spectral characteristics, eliminating the need for manual visual inspection, avoiding missed detections, improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection, and aiding in the accurate quantification of heavy water concentration. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation process of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an absorption spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided by an application embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Heavy water is primarily used as a moderator and coolant in nuclear reactors, and its concentration directly affects the safety and performance of the reactor. During reactor operation, many processes involve the quantitative determination of heavy water concentration.

[0042] Even a trace leak of heavy water in the process system can degrade the quality of the concentrated heavy water. Although various safety devices are used in reactor processes to suppress heavy water leakage, trace amounts of heavy water will inevitably leak during normal reactor operation. This leakage mainly occurs through seals, valves, pipes, and steam generators, with a smaller portion leaking during refueling through feeders, terminal components, and seals. In addition to normal heavy water loss, reactor system degradation and malfunctions caused by corrosion and cracks in reactor components can also lead to heavy water leakage in heavy water reactors.

[0043] Heavy water leaks in the process system can not only cause reactor shutdown but also release radioactive materials into the external environment, threatening human health. Accurate monitoring of heavy water leaks is essential to ensure the safe and stable operation of the reactor and the health of personnel involved.

[0044] Heavy water leakage will cause a decrease in heavy water concentration. Currently, the main methods for quantitatively analyzing heavy water concentration include infrared absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, density method, refractive index method, and off-axis integrating cavity output spectroscopy. Among these, mass spectrometry has a long analysis cycle (requiring the liquid heavy water to be converted into a gas first), expensive equipment, and a narrow analytical range (significant memory effect when the heavy water concentration is greater than 1%). Density method for quantifying heavy water concentration is subject to... 18The influence of oxygen and impurity ions in water. When using the refractive method to quantify heavy water concentration, even small temperature fluctuations will affect the measurement results. When using off-axis integrating cavity output spectroscopy to quantify heavy water concentration, the optical path is easily affected by external factors. Infrared absorption spectroscopy for quantifying heavy water concentration has many advantages, such as simple operation, small sample volume, and non-destructive nature, and is commonly used in the field of reactor technology to measure heavy water concentration.

[0045] The basic principle of using infrared absorption spectroscopy to quantify heavy water is the Lambert-Beer theorem. By establishing a curve showing the relationship between absorbance and heavy water concentration based on heavy water standard samples, the concentration of unknown heavy water samples can be quantified.

[0046] At wavenumber υ, absorbance A is related to incident light intensity I0 and transmitted light intensity I. t The relationship between them is:

[0047]

[0048] At wavenumber υ, the relationship between absorbance A and water molecule concentration C in heavy water is as follows (where ε and b are constants):

[0049]

[0050] Heavy water concentration a D The relationship between water molecules D2O and HDO in heavy water is as follows:

[0051]

[0052] When air bubbles are present in a liquid pool containing heavy water and are located in the path of incident light, on the one hand, the bubbles cause refraction and scattering of the incident light, reducing the intensity of the transmitted light and increasing the absorbance A measurement. On the other hand, the presence of bubbles reduces the number of water molecules interacting with the incident light, thus decreasing the absorbance A measurement. Both of these aspects demonstrate that air bubbles affect the accurate quantification of heavy water concentration.

[0053] In existing infrared absorption spectroscopy techniques for quantifying heavy water concentration, operators visually inspect the liquid pool filled with heavy water to ensure the presence of air bubbles. If the bubbles are very small and located at the edge of the liquid pool, they can easily be missed, leading to inaccurate heavy water quantification.

[0054] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned related technologies, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, which can accurately identify air bubbles in heavy water. To illustrate the technical solution described in this invention, specific embodiments are described below.

[0055] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation flow of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention. The execution subject of the method is an electronic device, including desktop computers, laptops, and servers. The server can be a physical device or a virtualized device deployed in the cloud. (Reference) Figure 1 Methods for detecting air bubbles in heavy water include:

[0056] S101, Obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0057] Here, an infrared spectrometer can be used to perform spectral scanning on the heavy water sample to obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0058] In one embodiment, after scanning the background spectrum of the empty optical path, a sample scan is performed on the liquid cell containing the heavy water sample to obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an absorption spectrum provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 The three curves in the graph represent heavy water of the same concentration. The horizontal axis of the absorption spectrum represents wavenumber, and the vertical axis represents absorbance. Figure 2 It is evident that the flat-topped peaks of the spectral curve of bubble-free heavy water are more complete.

[0060] S102, Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, determine the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs.

[0061] Multiple concentration ranges can be pre-divided, with no overlap between them. For example, it can be divided into 5 concentration ranges, such as 0-2 mol%, 2-20 mol%, 20-80 mol%, 80-99 mol%, and 99-100 mol%.

[0062] In one embodiment, standard heavy water samples of various concentrations can be prepared in advance, and spectral scanning can be performed on the standard heavy water samples of various concentrations to obtain the absorption spectra of the standard heavy water samples of various concentrations.

[0063] Then, deep learning algorithms can be used to teach the model the correspondence between absorption spectra and concentrations, allowing the model to identify the corresponding heavy water concentration based on the absorption spectrum. Finally, the first concentration range to which the identified heavy water concentration belongs is determined.

[0064] The more standard heavy water samples of various concentrations there are, the better the model's recognition performance will be.

[0065] S103, determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range.

[0066] On absorption spectra, sometimes the spectral peaks appear as straight lines for a period of time; this is called a flat-topped peak. Flat-topped peaks occur because the incident light is completely absorbed by heavy water within a certain wavenumber range, where the absorbance exceeds the instrument's detection range. Absorption spectra of heavy water without air bubbles show flat-topped peaks in multiple wavenumber ranges within the measured range.

[0067] Standard heavy water samples are heavy water samples without air bubbles. Multiple concentration ranges are pre-defined, and standard heavy water samples of different concentrations are prepared for each range. The absorption spectra of the standard heavy water samples in each concentration range are then obtained, and the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak is extracted from the absorption spectra. The wavenumber range of the flat-topped peak corresponding to each concentration range is saved.

[0068] In this embodiment, a first spectral feature is used to characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range. That is, the first spectral feature includes multiple wavenumber ranges. Each concentration range corresponds to a spectral feature, and the correspondence between each concentration range and the spectral feature is pre-stored.

[0069] Once the first concentration range of the heavy water sample is determined, the first spectral characteristics corresponding to the first concentration range can be determined.

[0070] S104, Based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0071] For example, obtain the wavenumber ranges of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of a heavy water sample. Compare these wavenumber ranges with the wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature. If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, the wavenumber ranges of each flat-topped peak in both spectra should correspond exactly. However, if the wavenumber ranges do not correspond (as long as the wavenumber range of even one flat-topped peak does not correspond), then the heavy water sample can be considered to contain air bubbles.

[0072] For example, when determining the shape of the spectral peaks within the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of a heavy water sample, if all peaks are straight lines, it indicates that they are all flat-topped peaks, meaning the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles. If any peak in the wavenumber range is not straight, or if any flat-topped peak exhibits a missing corner, a central depression, or even an overall shortening, then the heavy water sample is confirmed to contain air bubbles.

[0073] This invention, through obtaining the absorption spectrum of a heavy water sample, determines the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum. It then identifies the first spectral characteristics corresponding to the first concentration range. These characteristics characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample within the first concentration range. Based on these first spectral characteristics and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, it determines whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. This embodiment can automatically identify air bubbles in heavy water based on the first spectral characteristics, eliminating the need for manual visual inspection, avoiding missed detections, improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection, and aiding in the accurate quantification of heavy water concentration.

[0074] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0075] Obtain the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentration ranges;

[0076] Determine the wavenumber range of all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectra corresponding to each concentration range.

[0077] Prepare standard heavy water samples for each concentration range in advance. Multiple standard heavy water samples with different concentrations can be prepared for each concentration range. The concentration intervals of the standard heavy water samples should be uniform.

[0078] Heavy water standard samples of various concentrations were prepared using a gravimetric dilution method, with high-purity natural fresh water as the diluent. Generally speaking, the more detailed the sample data, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns reflected; therefore, the number of standard samples should be as large as reasonably possible.

[0079] Before obtaining the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample, the measurement parameters should be set, with the wavenumber range being as wide as possible to cover the characteristic absorption spectra of all heavy water samples. After scanning the background spectrum in the empty optical path, the sample is scanned in the liquid cell containing the standard heavy water sample to obtain the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample. Multiple parallel scans of the absorption spectrum for each standard heavy water sample are performed to ensure complete overlap of the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at the same concentration.

[0080] Record the wavenumber ranges corresponding to all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations. Then, summarize the wavenumber ranges corresponding to all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectra of all standard heavy water samples belonging to the same concentration range. Normally, the number of flat-topped peaks and their corresponding wavenumber ranges are roughly consistent across different concentrations within the same concentration range. Therefore, the mean of the wavenumber ranges for the corresponding flat-topped peaks can be calculated, or the intersection of the wavenumber ranges for the corresponding flat-topped peaks can be taken as the wavenumber range of all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum corresponding to that concentration range. Using this method, the spectral characteristics corresponding to each concentration range can be obtained. If there are significant differences in the wavenumber ranges corresponding to flat-topped peaks at different concentrations within the same concentration range, then that concentration range can be further divided into two concentration ranges.

[0081] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0082] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0083] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0084] In the presence of air bubbles in heavy water samples, the flat-topped peak may have missing corners, which leads to a shorter wavenumber range for the flat-topped peak.

[0085] Therefore, if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0086] If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, then the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature and the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature are in one-to-one correspondence, that is, the corresponding wavenumber ranges are the same.

[0087] Here, it is assumed that the number of flat-topped peaks in the first and second spectral features is the same. The wavenumber ranges in the two features are compared pairwise according to a set order (e.g., from left to right in the absorption spectrum). If the wavenumber ranges correspond one-to-one, it is determined that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles.

[0088] If one wavenumber range does not correspond, that is, the wavenumber ranges are different, then the heavy water sample is determined to contain air bubbles.

[0089] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0090] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0091] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0092] Here, the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is the same as the number of flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range. Similarly, the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature is the same as the number of flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0093] If the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles, then the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature and the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature are the same, that is, the number of flat-topped peaks is the same. However, the same number of flat-topped peaks does not necessarily mean that the heavy water sample does not contain air bubbles.

[0094] In the presence of air bubbles in a heavy water sample, the flat-topped peak may have a central depression, which can cause one flat-topped peak to become two or more flat-topped peaks. Therefore, the presence of air bubbles in a heavy water sample can be detected based on the number of wavenumber ranges. If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0095] In one embodiment, determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes:

[0096] Determine whether all spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks.

[0097] If the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are not uniformly flat-topped peaks, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0098] In the absorption spectrum, the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature are all straight lines. Therefore, the shape of the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range can be used to determine whether a heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0099] Here, it is determined whether all the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks, that is, whether all the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range are straight lines. If a spectral peak in one wavenumber range is not a straight line, such as having a missing corner or a depression in the middle, it indicates that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0100] All three methods described above can be used to determine whether a heavy water sample contains air bubbles, eliminating the need for manual visual inspection and improving the efficiency and accuracy of bubble detection.

[0101] In one embodiment, determining the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on its absorption spectrum includes:

[0102] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0103] The second spectral features are matched with the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range;

[0104] The first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined based on the matching results.

[0105] The second spectral features are matched with the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range. For example, the similarity between the second spectral features and the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range can be calculated. The similarity is the matching result. The concentration range with the highest similarity is selected as the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs.

[0106] In another embodiment, a curve relating heavy water concentration to absorbance is pre-established for each concentration range, where absorbance can be represented by peak height or peak area. When fitting the relationship between absorbance and concentration in each concentration range, the wavenumber position where absorbance changes most with concentration should be selected.

[0107] Here, the first relationship curve is determined based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample. Each concentration corresponds to an absorption spectrum. In this embodiment, a preset wavenumber can be set for each concentration. The preset wavenumber can characterize the position of the largest change in absorbance in the absorption spectrum corresponding to that concentration. For example, the preset wavenumber corresponding to the 99% concentration is 3410 cm⁻¹. -1 Obtain the absorbance corresponding to the set wavenumber in the absorption spectrum, and use it as the absorbance corresponding to that concentration in the relationship curve.

[0108] In this way, the correspondence between concentration and absorbance in a concentration range can be obtained. Based on multiple concentrations and their corresponding absorbances in a concentration range, a relationship curve between concentration and absorbance in that concentration range can be plotted, with each concentration range corresponding to a relationship curve.

[0109] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water provided by an application embodiment of the present invention.

[0110] S1, prepare a standard curve for heavy water concentration.

[0111] Step S1 includes steps S1.1 to S1.3.

[0112] S1.1, Prepare 0-100 mol% standard heavy water samples.

[0113] The standard heavy water samples were prepared using a gravimetric dilution method, with high-purity natural fresh water as the diluent. Generally, the more detailed the sample data, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns reflected; therefore, the number of standard samples should be as large as possible. At least five standard samples should be prepared for each concentration range, and the concentration intervals of the standard heavy water samples should be uniform.

[0114] S1.2, Scan the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample.

[0115] Before obtaining the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample, the measurement parameters should be set, with the wavenumber range being as wide as possible to cover the characteristic absorption spectra of all heavy water samples. After scanning the background spectrum in the empty optical path, the sample is scanned in the liquid cell containing the heavy water sample to obtain the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample. The absorption spectrum of each standard heavy water sample is scanned three times in parallel to ensure that the absorption spectra of the standard heavy water samples at the same concentration can completely overlap.

[0116] S1.3, Piecewise fitting of the relationship curve between heavy water concentration and absorbance.

[0117] Based on the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentrations, establish a curve relating heavy water concentration to absorbance for each concentration range (which can be divided into 5 ranges, such as 0-2 mol%, 2-20 mol%, 20-80 mol%, 80-99 mol%, and 99-100 mol%). Absorbance can be expressed as peak height or peak area. When fitting the relationship between absorbance and concentration within each concentration range, the wavenumber position where absorbance changes most with concentration should be selected.

[0118] S2, extract the absorption spectral characteristics of standard heavy water samples at different concentration ranges.

[0119] The absorption spectra of all standard heavy water samples within the same concentration range are placed in the same spectral window, and the absorption spectral characteristics of each concentration range are extracted. The absorption spectral characteristics are the wavenumber range of the flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum.

[0120] Furthermore, absorption spectral characteristics can be used to distinguish different concentration ranges. By opening the absorption spectrum of any standard heavy water sample in the new spectral window, the concentration range to which the spectrum belongs can be quickly determined based on the absorption spectral characteristics of each concentration range.

[0121] S3, scan the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample containing air bubbles.

[0122] Step S3 includes steps S3.1 to S3.2.

[0123] S3.1, Scan the absorption spectrum of a standard heavy water sample containing air bubbles.

[0124] Use a dry, clean, disposable syringe to inject the standard heavy water sample into the liquid cell, then inject a small amount of air, plug both ends of the liquid cell with stoppers, and then place it in the sample chamber of an infrared spectrometer to scan the absorption spectrum.

[0125] S3.2, change the position, size or shape of the bubble, and repeat S3.1.

[0126] Generally speaking, the more absorption spectra of a standard heavy water sample containing bubbles at the same concentration, the more accurate and effective the characteristic patterns it reflects. Therefore, it is necessary to repeatedly change the position, size, or shape of the bubbles and scan the absorption spectra of the same concentration of standard heavy water.

[0127] S4, extract the absorption spectral characteristics of heavy water containing air bubbles.

[0128] Step S4 includes steps S4.1 to S4.2.

[0129] S4.1, Compare the differences in infrared absorption spectra with and without bubbles.

[0130] All infrared absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples of the same concentration, scanned with and without air bubbles, were compared within the same spectral window, and the absorption spectral characteristics of heavy water containing air bubbles were extracted. The comparison revealed that when the heavy water sample contained no air bubbles, multiple flat-topped peaks appeared in the measured wavenumber range; when the heavy water sample contained air bubbles, at least one flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum exhibited missing corners, a central depression, or even an overall decrease in height.

[0131] Flat-topped peaks occur because the incident light is completely absorbed by heavy water within a certain wavenumber range, where the absorbance exceeds the instrument's detection range. Heavy water absorption spectra without air bubbles exhibit flat-topped peaks in multiple wavenumber ranges within the measured range.

[0132] S4.2 Record the position of the peak at each concentration range.

[0133] Record the wavenumber ranges corresponding to all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum without bubbles in each concentration range. If the wavenumber ranges corresponding to flat-topped peaks in the same concentration range are different, the fitting range of the heavy water concentration relationship curve needs to be further divided.

[0134] S5, bubble recognition.

[0135] Step S5 includes steps S5.1 to S5.3.

[0136] S5.1, Scan the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0137] The measurement conditions for heavy water samples are consistent with those for standard heavy water samples.

[0138] S5.2, determine the concentration range of the heavy water sample.

[0139] Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, determine the concentration range of the heavy water sample. Furthermore, based on the concentration range, obtain the wavenumber range corresponding to the flat-topped peak.

[0140] S5.3, Bubble recognition.

[0141] Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, and considering the spectral characteristics corresponding to the concentration range of the heavy water sample, the presence of air bubbles in the heavy water sample is detected. If one or more peaks show signs of missing corners, central depressions, or even overall shortening, it indicates the presence of air bubbles in the heavy water sample; otherwise, no air bubbles are present.

[0142] The above method can be used to identify air bubbles during offline measurement of heavy water concentration. Offline measurement involves manually retrieving heavy water samples from the system and taking them to the laboratory for analysis. Online measurement involves the heavy water sample in the system automatically flowing into the instrument through a pipeline.

[0143] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0144] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0145] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0146] In addition, in the embodiments of the present invention, "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0147] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the device includes:

[0148] The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum of heavy water samples;

[0149] The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0150] The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range.

[0151] The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the features of the first spectral image and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample.

[0152] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0153] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0154] If the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0155] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0156] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0157] If the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0158] In one embodiment, the third determining module is specifically used for:

[0159] Determine whether all spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks.

[0160] If the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are not uniformly flat-topped peaks, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

[0161] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0162] The spectrum acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentration ranges.

[0163] The fourth determination module is used to determine the wavenumber range of all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectrum corresponding to each concentration range.

[0164] In one embodiment, the first determining module is specifically used for:

[0165] Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample;

[0166] The second spectral features are matched with the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range;

[0167] The first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined based on the matching results.

[0168] In one embodiment, the standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

[0169] In practical applications, the first determining module, the second determining module, the third determining module, and the acquisition module can be implemented by processors in electronic devices, such as central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0170] It should be noted that the heavy water bubble detection device provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the modules described above. In practical applications, the above processing can be assigned to different modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different modules to complete all or part of the processing described above. In addition, the heavy water bubble detection device and the heavy water bubble detection method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0171] The aforementioned device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water can be in the form of an image file. Once executed, this image file can run as a container or virtual machine to implement the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water described in this application. However, it is not limited to the image file format; any software implementation capable of achieving the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water described in this application is within the scope of protection of this application.

[0172] Based on the hardware implementation of the above program modules, and in order to implement the method of the embodiments of this application, the embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device includes:

[0173] A communication interface enables information exchange with other devices, such as network devices.

[0174] The processor, connected to the communication interface, enables information interaction with other devices and, when running a computer program, executes the methods provided by one or more technical solutions on the electronic device side. The computer program is stored in memory.

[0175] The electronic device may include an infrared spectrometer, or an external infrared spectrometer.

[0176] Of course, in practical applications, the various components in an electronic device are coupled together through a bus system. It can be understood that the bus system is used to achieve communication and connection between these components. In addition to the data bus, the bus system also includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus. However, for the sake of clarity, in... Figure 5 The general will label all buses as bus systems.

[0177] The aforementioned electronic devices can be in cluster form, such as a cloud computing platform. A cloud computing platform is a business model that uses computing virtualization, network virtualization, and storage virtualization technologies to organize multiple independent server physical hardware resources into a pool of resources. It is a software-defined resource structure based on the development of virtualization technology, which can provide resource capabilities in the form of virtual machines, containers, etc. By eliminating the fixed relationship between hardware and operating system, relying on network connectivity for unified resource scheduling, and then providing the required virtual resources and services, it is a new type of IT software delivery model with characteristics such as flexibility, elasticity, distributed nature, multi-tenancy, and on-demand.

[0178] Current cloud computing platforms support several service models:

[0179] SaaS (Software as a Service): Cloud computing platform users do not need to purchase software, but instead rent software deployed on the cloud computing platform. Users do not need to maintain the software, as the software service provider will manage and maintain the software in its entirety.

[0180] PaaS (Platform as a Service): Cloud computing platform users (usually software developers) can build new applications or extend existing applications on the architecture provided by the cloud computing platform without having to purchase development, quality control or production servers.

[0181] IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Cloud computing platforms provide data centers, infrastructure hardware and software resources via the Internet. Cloud computing platforms under the IaaS model can provide servers, operating systems, disk storage, databases and / or information resources.

[0182] The memory in this application embodiment is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device. Examples of such data include any computer program used to operate on the electronic device.

[0183] It is understood that memory can be volatile or non-volatile, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), ferromagnetic random access memory (FRAM), flash memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM); magnetic surface memory can be disk storage or magnetic tape storage. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), SyncLink Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM). The memories described in the embodiments of this application are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0184] The methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be applied to a processor or implemented by a processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a DSP, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The processor can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as execution by a hardware decoding processor, or execution by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium, which is located in memory. The processor reads the program from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the aforementioned method.

[0185] Optionally, when the processor executes the program, it implements the corresponding processes implemented by the electronic device in the various methods of the embodiments of this application. For the sake of brevity, these will not be described in detail here.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a storage medium, namely a computer storage medium, specifically a computer-readable storage medium, such as a first memory storing a computer program, which can be executed by a processor of an electronic device to complete the steps described in the aforementioned method. The computer-readable storage medium may be a memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Flash Memory, magnetic surface memory, optical disc, or CD-ROM.

[0187] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, electronic devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling, or communication connection between the various components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0188] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0189] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be a separate unit, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0190] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it performs the steps of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0191] Alternatively, if the integrated units described above are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, or the parts that contribute to related technologies, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as mobile storage devices, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0192] It should be noted that the technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily without conflict.

[0193] In addition, in this application example, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0194] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; Based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined; Determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; the first spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range. Based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample, it is determined whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles. The step of determining whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample includes: Obtain a second spectral feature; the second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Obtain a second spectral feature; the second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Determine whether all spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks; if the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are not all flat-topped peaks, determine that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

2. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the absorption spectra of standard heavy water samples at various concentration ranges; Determine the wavenumber range of all flat-topped peaks in the absorption spectra corresponding to each concentration range.

3. The detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on its absorption spectrum includes: Obtain the second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; The second spectral features are matched with the spectral features corresponding to each concentration range; The first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs is determined based on the matching results.

4. The detection method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The standard heavy water sample is a heavy water sample without air bubbles.

5. A device for detecting air bubbles in heavy water, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire the absorption spectrum of heavy water samples; The first determining module is used to determine the first concentration range to which the heavy water sample belongs based on the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample. The second determining module is used to determine the first spectral features corresponding to the first concentration range; The first spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the standard heavy water sample in the first concentration range. The third determining module is used to determine whether the heavy water sample contains air bubbles based on the first spectral features and the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample. Specifically, the third determining module is used to: acquire second spectral features; the second spectral features characterize the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral features does not correspond one-to-one with the wavenumber range characterized by the second spectral features, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or, Obtain a second spectral feature; the second spectral feature characterizes the wavenumber range of each flat-topped peak in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample; if the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the first spectral feature is different from the number of wavenumber ranges characterized by the second spectral feature, it is determined that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles; or... Determine whether all spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are flat-topped peaks; if the spectral peaks in each wavenumber range characterized by the first spectral feature in the absorption spectrum of the heavy water sample are not all flat-topped peaks, determine that the heavy water sample contains air bubbles.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method for detecting air bubbles in heavy water as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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