Test method, device, computer device and storage medium for fuel cell

Abstract

The application relates to a fuel cell testing method, device, computer equipment, computer readable storage medium and computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a fuel cell to be tested into a plurality of sub-models with the same size; determining a first current density, a first working voltage and an outlet environment parameter of a first sub-model according to preset initial environment parameters, preset initial current density, an environment parameter model and an electric parameter model; determining a target current density, a target working voltage and an outlet environment parameter of a current sub-model according to an outlet environment parameter of a previous sub-model, the first current density, the first working voltage, the electric parameter model and the environment parameter model; and determining testing data of the fuel cell to be tested. The testing data of different positions in the fuel cell is obtained, which is beneficial to subsequent optimization of the design of the fuel cell and improvement of the performance of the fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electrochemical technology, and in particular to a test method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of energy technology and the increasing demands for environmental protection, the global energy system is accelerating its transformation towards a green and low-carbon direction. Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy in reactants into electrical energy, and are widely considered a potential replacement for traditional power sources. Fuel cells offer advantages such as energy saving and environmental friendliness, making them an excellent clean energy source. To ensure the performance and reliability of fuel cells, and to facilitate researchers in determining the optimization direction of fuel cells, testing is necessary.

[0003] In traditional technologies, model simulation is typically used to test the performance of fuel cells in order to improve testing efficiency and reduce testing costs.

[0004] However, traditional testing methods cannot obtain test data from different locations inside the fuel cell. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell testing method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product that can obtain test data from different locations inside the fuel cell, addressing the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] A method for testing a fuel cell includes: dividing the fuel cell to be tested into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction; obtaining an environmental parameter model and an electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, wherein the environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage, and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model; determining a first current density and a first operating voltage of a first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on preset initial environmental parameters, a preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model, wherein the first sub-model comprises multiple sub-models. The sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel in the model is selected. Based on the outlet environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model, the target current density, target operating voltage, and outlet environmental parameters of the current sub-model are determined. The absolute value of the difference between the average target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. Based on the outlet environmental parameters of each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage of each sub-model, the test data of the fuel cell to be tested are determined.

[0007] In one embodiment, determining the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model includes: using the initial environmental parameters as the input environmental parameters of the first sub-model and the initial current density as the first current density of the first sub-model; determining the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on the input environmental parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the environmental parameter model; and determining the first operating voltage of the first sub-model based on the input environmental parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the electrical parameter model.

[0008] In one embodiment, determining the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model includes: determining the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model; and determining the output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model, and the environmental parameter model.

[0009] In one embodiment, determining the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model based on the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model includes: using the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model as the input environment parameters of the current sub-model; substituting the input environment parameters of the current sub-model and the first operating voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine the second current density of the current sub-model; determining the average current density based on the second current density of each sub-model; adjusting the second current density of each sub-model if the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to a first threshold, until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the second operating voltage of the current sub-model determined based on the second current density of the current sub-model, the input environment parameters of the current sub-model, and the electrical parameter model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold; and using the second current density and the second operating voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

[0010] In one embodiment, determining the test data of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model includes: determining the distribution of environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the position of each sub-model along the flow channel direction; determining the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model; and determining the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0011] In one embodiment, the environmental parameter model includes: an anode pressure drop model, used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the anode channel outlet of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, and humidity at the anode channel inlet of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model; an anode pressure drop model, used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the cathode channel outlet of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, and humidity at the cathode channel inlet of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model; a heat model, used to determine the temperature at the channel outlet of the sub-model based on the physical parameters of the sub-model, the temperature at the channel inlet, and the current density of the sub-model; a proton-water transport model, used to determine the proton exchange membrane impedance of the sub-model based on the humidity of the proton exchange membrane, the temperature at the channel inlet, and the current density of the sub-model; and an electrical parameter model, used to determine the operating voltage of the sub-model based on the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, and the gas pressure, humidity, temperature, and concentration at the channel inlet of the sub-model.

[0012] A fuel cell testing apparatus, comprising:

[0013] The model partitioning module is used to divide the fuel cell under test into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction;

[0014] The model determination module is used to determine the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model of the fuel cell. The environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model.

[0015] The first parameter determination module is used to determine the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on the preset initial environmental parameters, the preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model. The first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models.

[0016] The second parameter determination module is used to determine the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model. The absolute value of the difference between the average value of the target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold.

[0017] The data determination module is used to determine the test data of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0018] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the aforementioned fuel cell testing method.

[0019] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned fuel cell testing method.

[0020] A computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned fuel cell testing method.

[0021] The aforementioned fuel cell testing method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product. The testing method first divides the fuel cell under test into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction to facilitate subsequent testing to obtain the parameters of each sub-model, thereby determining the parameter distribution within the entire fuel cell. Then, it acquires the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, facilitating the subsequent determination of the environmental and electrical parameters of each sub-model based on these models. Then, based on the preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, environmental parameter model, and electrical parameter model, the first current density, first operating voltage, and outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are determined. This yields the electrical parameters and outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models. The outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are then used as the inlet environmental parameters of the next sub-model, and calculations continue. Based on the outlet environmental parameters, first electrical parameters, electrical parameter model, and environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model, the target current density, target operating voltage, and outlet environmental parameters of the current sub-model are determined. Repeating this step yields the target current density and target operating voltage for each sub-model. The absolute value of the difference between the average target current density and the first current density of each sub-model is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage of each sub-model is less than a second threshold, thus ensuring the consistency of the electrical parameters of each sub-model and guaranteeing the overall performance of the fuel cell. Finally, based on the outlet environmental parameters and the target current density and target operating voltage of each sub-model, the overall test data of the fuel cell can be determined. Since the environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model are obtained, it is equivalent to testing the environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage of each node inside the fuel cell. This allows us to characterize the distribution of environmental parameters, current density, and voltage inside the fuel cell, thereby obtaining test data at different locations inside the fuel cell. This is beneficial for subsequent optimization of the fuel cell design and improvement of fuel cell performance. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the conventional technology, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the conventional technology will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell testing method in one embodiment;

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a simulation model of a fuel cell in one embodiment;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the parameters of a first sub-model in one embodiment;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the parameters of the current sub-model in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the electrical parameters of the current sub-model in one embodiment.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining fuel cell test data in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a current density distribution diagram in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a temperature distribution diagram from one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the water content distribution at various nodes of the proton exchange membrane in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the oxygen concentration distribution at various nodes within the flow channel in one embodiment.

[0033] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a test device for a fuel cell in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 12 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To facilitate understanding of this application, a more complete description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate embodiments of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure of this application will be thorough and complete.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application.

[0037] It is understood that the terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in this application may be used herein to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.

[0038] It should be noted that when one element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or connected to the other element through an intermediary element. Furthermore, in the following embodiments, "connection" should be understood as "electrical connection," "communication connection," etc., if there is transmission of electrical signals or data between the connected objects.

[0039] When used herein, the singular forms of “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or “having,” etc., specify the presence of the stated feature, whole, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0040] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a test method for a fuel cell is provided, the method comprising:

[0041] Step S100: Divide the fuel cell to be tested into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction.

[0042] Fuel cells typically consist of multiple flow channels of uniform size and shape. This application establishes a simulation model of the fuel cell under test based on one of its flow channels. Each sub-model includes the entire membrane structure of the fuel cell, and the flow channel length is identical in each sub-model. The model is established based on the following assumptions: (1) The potential at each node within a single sub-model is the same. (2)

[0043] (3) It is assumed that the water in the flow channel exists in gaseous form and liquid water is not considered. (4) The temperature in the flow channel is uniformly distributed and the temperature of the coolant and the gas in the flow channel are the same. (5) Since the proton membrane, catalyst layer and diffusion layer are relatively thin, the in-plane mass transport is ignored. (6) The convective heat transfer between the fuel cell stack and the external environment is not considered and all the waste heat generated by the fuel cell stack is carried away by the coolant.

[0044] The flow direction is the direction from the gas inflow channel to the gas outflow channel.

[0045] For example, a simulation model of a fuel cell can be as follows: Figure 2As shown, the fuel cell includes an anode flow channel, an anode catalyst layer (anode GDL), a proton exchange membrane (CCM), a cathode catalyst layer (cathode GDL), and a cathode flow channel. The substrate parameters of the fuel cell can be: the flow channel depth of the anode and cathode is 0.5 mm, the flow channel width is 0.6 mm, and the flow channel characteristic length is 350 mm.

[0046] Step S110: Obtain the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model of the fuel cell.

[0047] Among them, the environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage, and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model.

[0048] Environmental parameters may include gas pressure, concentration, ambient humidity, and ambient temperature. Electrical parameters may include current and voltage.

[0049] Step S120: Based on the preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, environmental parameter model, and electrical parameter model, determine the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model, as well as the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model.

[0050] The first sub-model is the one closest to the upstream of the flow channel among the multiple sub-models. That is, the first sub-model is the first sub-model where gas flows in. The inlet environmental parameters and current density of the first sub-model can be preset initial environmental parameters and current densities, respectively. Then, based on the preset initial environmental parameters, the preset initial current density, and the environmental parameter model, the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model can be calculated. Since each sub-model is adjacent, the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are the inlet environmental parameters of the next sub-model, thus obtaining the inlet environmental parameters of the next sub-model, facilitating the calculation of the outlet environmental parameters of the next sub-model. Based on the preset initial environmental parameters, the preset initial current density, and the electrical parameter model, the first operating voltage of the first sub-model can be calculated. Since the first operating voltage is calculated based on the preset initial environmental parameters and the preset initial current density, the first operating voltage can be used as the standard electrical parameter of the fuel cell, and subsequent adjustments to the parameters of each sub-model are made using the first operating voltage as a reference.

[0051] For example, the initial current density of the first sub-model can be set to 2 A / cm2, the absolute pressure of the inlet gas of the cathode and anode to be 2.4 and 2.5 atmospheres respectively, the stoichiometric ratio of the inlet gas of the cathode and anode to be 2.0, the humidity of the inlet gas of the cathode and anode to be 60% and 90% respectively, the inlet temperature of the coolant to be 60°C, and the gas temperature is assumed to be the same as the coolant temperature.

[0052] Step S130: Based on the output environment parameters, first current density, first operating voltage, electrical parameter model, and environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model, determine the target electrical parameters and the output environment parameters of the current sub-model.

[0053] Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the average target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. Since the first operating voltage is calculated based on preset initial environmental parameters and preset initial current density, it can be used as the standard electrical parameter for the fuel cell. The target operating voltage of each sub-model must be designed based on the first operating voltage and must be consistent with it. Furthermore, the absolute value of the difference between the average target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than the first threshold, thus ensuring the overall consistency of the fuel cell. Therefore, when determining the target operating voltage of the current sub-model, the calculation must be performed with the constraint that the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage is less than the second threshold.

[0054] Specifically, since the sub-models are divided adjacently, the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model are the input environmental parameters of the current sub-model. The first operating voltage is the design target of the current sub-model, so it is substituted into the calculation as a constraint. Then, based on the input environmental parameters, target operating current, and electrical parameter model of the current sub-model, the target operating voltage of the current sub-model can be determined, and based on the input environmental parameters, first operating voltage, target operating current, and environmental parameter model of the current sub-model, the output environmental parameters of the current sub-model can be determined.

[0055] Step S140: Determine the test data of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0056] Specifically, based on the steps described above, after determining the outlet environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage for each sub-model, the environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage within multiple unit length intervals inside the fuel cell are obtained. This provides environmental parameters at different locations within the fuel cell, facilitating the determination of the environmental distribution during fuel cell operation. It also helps identify design flaws, such as excessively low local humidity or low local gas concentration, thus enabling optimized fuel cell design and improved performance. Similarly, the uniformity of current density and operating voltage within the fuel cell can be determined, providing further direction for optimization. Obtaining comprehensive data on the internal structure of the fuel cell is beneficial for its optimized design.

[0057] In this embodiment, the fuel cell to be tested is first divided into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction to facilitate the subsequent testing to obtain the parameters of each sub-model, thereby determining the parameter distribution inside the entire fuel cell. Then, the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model of the fuel cell are obtained, which facilitates the subsequent determination of the environmental and electrical parameters of each sub-model based on the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model, respectively. Then, based on the preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, environmental parameter model, and electrical parameter model, the first current density, first operating voltage, and outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are determined. This yields the electrical parameters and outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models. The outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are then used as the inlet environmental parameters of the next sub-model, and calculations continue. Based on the outlet environmental parameters, first electrical parameters, electrical parameter model, and environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model, the target current density, target operating voltage, and outlet environmental parameters of the current sub-model are determined. Repeating this step yields the target current density and target operating voltage for each sub-model. The absolute value of the difference between the average target current density and the first current density of each sub-model is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage of each sub-model is less than a second threshold, thus ensuring the consistency of the electrical parameters of each sub-model and guaranteeing the overall performance of the fuel cell. Finally, based on the outlet environmental parameters and the target current density and target operating voltage of each sub-model, the overall test data of the fuel cell can be determined. Since the environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model are obtained, it is equivalent to testing the environmental parameters, target current density, and target operating voltage of each node inside the fuel cell. This allows us to characterize the distribution of environmental parameters, current density, and voltage inside the fuel cell, thereby obtaining test data at different locations inside the fuel cell. This is beneficial for subsequent optimization of the fuel cell design and improvement of fuel cell performance.

[0058] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, in step S120, based on preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, environmental parameter model, and electrical parameter model, the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model, as well as the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model, are determined. This includes:

[0059] Step S300: Use the initial environmental parameters as the input environmental parameters of the first sub-model, and use the initial current density as the first current density of the first sub-model.

[0060] Specifically, the first sub-model is the first sub-model in which gas flows in. The inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model can be preset initial environmental parameters, and the first current density of the first sub-model can be preset initial current density. The initial environmental parameters and initial current density can be design values ​​given by the designer according to actual needs.

[0061] Step S310: Determine the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the environmental parameter model.

[0062] Specifically, by substituting the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model and the first current density of the first sub-model into the environmental parameter model, the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model can be obtained.

[0063] For example, environmental parameters may include gas pressure, concentration, flow channel temperature, humidity, etc., and environmental parameter models may include: anodic pressure drop model, anodic pressure drop model, heat model, proton-water transport model, etc. Specifically:

[0064] The anode pressure drop model is used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the outlet of the anode channel of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, and humidity at the inlet of the anode channel of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model.

[0065] The main components of the gas at the anode inlet include hydrogen, nitrogen, and water vapor. The gas pressure, concentration, and humidity in the anode channel are environmental parameters input to the anode pressure drop model. The gas pressure, concentration, and humidity values ​​at the outlet of the sub-model channel are obtained through total pressure drop calculation and the law of conservation of gas component mass.

[0066] The hydrogen mass flow rate at the anode channel inlet is calculated using the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Where α is the anode hydrogen excess coefficient, I is the current density of the sub-model, n is the charge per unit mole of hydrogen, F is the Faraday constant, and M... h2 denoted as , where is the molar mass of hydrogen gas.

[0069] The amount of hydrogen consumed in an electrochemical reaction can be calculated using Faraday's law, as shown in the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Among them, W h2,react M represents the amount of hydrogen consumed in the electrochemical reaction. h2 Let be the molar mass of hydrogen, I be the current density of the sub-model, n be the charge per mole of hydrogen, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0072] According to the law of conservation of mass, the flow rate changes of hydrogen and water vapor in the anode channel of the sub-model are calculated using the following formula:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] in, For changes in hydrogen flow rate, For the change in water vapor flow rate, W h2,in Hydrogen gas flowing into the anode channel, W h2,out Hydrogen and W flowing out of the anode channel h2.react W represents the mass of hydrogen gas consumed in the electrochemical reaction. v,in Water vapor flowing into the anode channel, W v,out For the water vapor flowing out of the anode channel and W v,mem This represents the mass of water vapor that diffuses into the proton exchange membrane from the anode channel.

[0076] The pressure drop in the anode flow channel can be approximated using the equation for incompressible flow in the flow channel, as shown in the following formula:

[0077]

[0078] in, f is the pressure drop in the anode channel. D Let ρ be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the anode channel, ρ be the equivalent density of the anode mixed gas, v be the flow velocity of the mixed gas, and D be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the anode channel. h It is the hydraulic diameter of the anode flow channel cross section.

[0079] Referring to the formula above, the total pressure of the anode at the outlet of the anode channel of the sub-model can be calculated based on the pressure drop inside the anode channel of the sub-model. Combined with the mass conservation equation of the anode gas components, parameters such as the concentration and humidity of the anode gas components at the outlet of the anode channel of the sub-model can be calculated.

[0080] The anode pressure drop model is used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the cathode channel outlet of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, and humidity at the inlet of the cathode channel of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model.

[0081] The main gas components at the cathode channel inlet of the sub-model include oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor. The gas pressure, concentration, and humidity at the cathode channel outlet of the sub-model are obtained by calculating the total pressure drop and applying the principle of mass conservation of gas components.

[0082] The oxygen mass flow rate at the cathode channel inlet is calculated using the following formula:

[0083]

[0084] Where α1 is the cathode oxygen excess coefficient, I1 is the cathode current density, n is the charge per unit mole of oxygen, F is the Faraday constant, and M o2 is the molar mass of oxygen.

[0085] The amount of oxygen consumed in an electrochemical reaction can be calculated using Faraday's law, as shown in the following formula:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, W o2,react M represents the amount of oxygen consumed in the electrochemical reaction. o2 I1 is the molar mass of oxygen, n is the cathode current density of the sub-model, F is the charge per mole of hydrogen, and F is the Faraday constant.

[0088] According to the law of conservation of mass, the flow rate changes of oxygen and water vapor in the cathode channel of the sub-model are calculated using the following formula:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] in, For, changes in oxygen flow rate, For changes in water vapor flow rate, W o2,in Hydrogen gas flowing into the cathode channel, W o2,out For hydrogen flowing out of the cathode channel, W o2.react W represents the mass of hydrogen gas consumed in the reaction. v,in Water vapor flowing into the cathode channel, W v,out For water vapor flowing out of the cathode channel, W v,mem For water vapor to diffuse into the proton exchange membrane through the cathode channel, W v,gen The mass of water vapor produced in the reaction.

[0092] The pressure drop in the cathode flow channel can be approximated using the equation for incompressible flow in the flow channel, as shown in the following formula:

[0093]

[0094] in, This represents the pressure drop across the cathode flow channel. Let ρ be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the cathode flow channel, ρ1 be the equivalent density of the cathode mixed gas, v1 be the flow velocity of the cathode mixed gas, and D be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the cathode flow channel. h1 It is the hydraulic diameter of the cathode flow channel cross section.

[0095] Referring to the formula above, the total cathode pressure at the outlet of the cathode channel of the sub-model can be calculated based on the pressure drop inside the cathode channel of the sub-model. Combined with the mass conservation equation of the cathode gas components, parameters such as the concentration and humidity of the cathode gas components at the outlet of the cathode channel of the sub-model can be calculated.

[0096] The thermal model is used to determine the temperature at the outlet of the sub-model's flow channel based on the sub-model's physical parameters, the temperature at the flow channel inlet, and the current density of the sub-model.

[0097] Fuel cells generate a significant amount of heat during operation. Effective thermal management provides a comfortable operating environment, improving output performance and lifespan. Assume the flow channel gas temperature equals the coolant temperature.

[0098] The formula for calculating the heat generated by a fuel cell is as follows:

[0099] Q generate =i*(v theory -v cell )

[0100] Among them, Q generate For the heat generated by the fuel cell, v theory For the theoretical voltage and v of the fuel cell cell denoted as , where is the actual operating voltage of the fuel cell, and i is the fuel cell current density.

[0101] The formula for calculating the heat carried away by the coolant is as follows:

[0102] Q cool =(c·m·(T) out -T in ))

[0103] Among them, Q cool The heat carried away by the coolant, c is the heat capacity of the coolant, m is the mass of the coolant, and T is the mass of the coolant. out For the sub-model flow channel outlet temperature and T in The inlet temperature of the sub-model flow channel.

[0104] Since the electrochemical reactions of the fuel cell stack mainly occur in the cathode catalyst layer, it is assumed that heat is generated in the cathode catalyst layer. The total heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack is the sum of the heat transferred from the cathode catalyst layer to the anode coolant and the heat transferred to the cathode coolant. The heat transfer equations between the fuel cell stack and the proton exchange membrane, the anode catalyst layer, and the cathode diffusion layer are as follows:

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, Q cak is the heat conducted from the fuel cell stack to the cathode diffusion layer. ca_gdl δ is the thermal conductivity of the cathode diffusion layer. ca_gdl T is the thickness of the cathode diffusion layer. ca_gdl_cl T is the temperature of the cathode diffusion layer. cool Q represents the temperature of the coolant. an k is the heat transferred from the fuel cell stack to the anode catalyst layer. an_cl δ is the thermal conductivity of the anode catalyst layer. an_cl T represents the thickness of the anode catalyst layer. an_cl_mem The temperature of the anode catalyst layer is k. an_gdl δ is the thermal conductivity of the anode diffusion layer. an_gdl T represents the thickness of the anode diffusion layer. an_mem_gdl This represents the temperature of the anode diffusion layer.

[0108] The thermal model in this application is a steady-state model. Therefore, the heat generated by the fuel cell stack is equal to the sum of the heat transferred from the catalyst layer to the anode channel and the heat transferred from the cathode channel, which is also equal to the total heat carried away by the coolant. Therefore, the formula for calculating the heat generated by the fuel cell is as follows:

[0109] Q generate =Q cool =Q ab +Q ca

[0110] Among them, Q generate Q is the heat generated by the fuel cell. ca Q represents the heat conducted from the fuel cell stack to the cathode diffusion layer. an Q represents the heat transferred from the fuel cell stack to the anode catalyst layer. cool The heat carried away by the coolant.

[0111] Using the above equations, the temperature values ​​at each interface inside the fuel cell stack can be calculated. This means the temperature at the outlet of each sub-model can also be calculated.

[0112] The proton-water transport model is used to determine the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model based on the humidity of the proton exchange membrane, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel, and the current density of the sub-model.

[0113] An appropriate amount of water is essential for improving the conductivity of proton exchange membranes. Insufficient humidity in the flow channel leads to a decrease in the water content of the proton exchange membrane, increasing proton transport resistance and ohmic losses. Excessive water can clog the pores of the catalyst layer, making it difficult for reactants to reach the reaction sites, further increasing transport resistance and mass transfer losses.

[0114] The proton-water transport model considers water transport phenomena within the proton exchange membrane. Water transport within a fuel cell mainly consists of two parts: electrochemical dragging from the anode to the cathode and concentration gradient diffusion from the cathode to the anode. Based on these water transport principles, a proton-water transport model was established. The relative humidity and operating temperature on the anode and cathode sides of the proton exchange membrane are used as inputs, and the proton membrane water content and transmembrane water transport volume are used as outputs.

[0115] The formula for calculating the electrochemical drag of water is as follows:

[0116]

[0117] Among them, J elec n represents the electrochemical drag of water. d Let be the electroosmotic drag coefficient of water, I be the current density of the sub-model, and F be the Faraday constant.

[0118] The formula for calculating the concentration gradient diffusion of water is as follows:

[0119] J c =D w ·(C an -C ca ) / δ mem

[0120] Among them, J c D represents the diffusion rate of water across the concentration gradient. w C is the diffusion coefficient of water in the proton exchange membrane. an C represents the anode water vapor concentration. ca The cathode water vapor concentration, δ mem The thickness of the proton exchange membrane.

[0121] The formula for the total amount of water transported across the membrane is:

[0122] J h2o =J elec +J c

[0123] Among them, J elec J represents the electrochemical drag of water. c This represents the diffusion rate of water based on its concentration gradient.

[0124] By calculating the total transmembrane transport of water between the anode and cathode, the molar changes in water vapor concentration can be obtained. This allows for the calculation of the volume fraction and partial pressure of water vapor between the anode and cathode. The relative humidity between the anode and cathode can then be calculated based on the partial pressures of the water vapor, using the following formula:

[0125] a i =P i / P sat

[0126] In the formula, ai The relative humidity at the anode and cathode, P i P represents the partial pressure of water vapor at the anode and cathode. sat It is the saturated vapor pressure.

[0127] The water content on both the anode and cathode of the proton exchange membrane must meet the following conditions:

[0128]

[0129] Among them, a i This indicates the relative humidity on the anode and cathode sides of the proton exchange membrane.

[0130] Based on the water content λ and the proton exchange membrane temperature T, the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane can be calculated using the following formula:

[0131]

[0132] Where σ is the proton conductivity of the proton membrane, λ is the water content of the proton membrane, and T is the temperature of the proton membrane.

[0133] Based on the proton conductivity calculated above, the ohmic impedance of the proton membrane can be calculated as follows:

[0134]

[0135] Among them, R mem Let σ be the ohmic impedance of the proton exchange membrane, σ be the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane, and δ be the ohmic impedance of the proton exchange membrane. mem The thickness of the proton exchange membrane.

[0136] For example, the sub-model's export environment parameters can be calculated using the following formula:

[0137]

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] Where I is the initial current density, n is the charge per unit mole of hydrogen, F is the Faraday constant, and q in q represents the inlet gas quantity of the sub-model, stoich represents the molar mass of the mixed gas, and q represents the inlet gas quantity of the sub-model. out Where i is the outlet gas volume of the sub-model, i1 is the flow channel current density of the sub-model, and P is the outlet gas volume. out For the sub-model's outlet pressure, f D Let ρ be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the sub-model flow channel, ρ be the equivalent density of the mixed gas, v be the flow velocity of the mixed gas, and D be the equivalent friction factor of the inner wall of the flow channel. h is the hydraulic diameter of the sub-model flow channel cross section, and l is the length of the sub-model flow channel.

[0141] Step S320: Determine the first operating voltage of the first sub-model based on the inlet environment parameters, current density, and electrical parameter model of the first sub-model.

[0142] Specifically, by substituting the input environment parameters and current density of the first sub-model into the electrical parameter model, the first operating voltage of the first sub-model can be obtained.

[0143] For example, the electrical parameter model is used to determine the operating voltage of the sub-model based on the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, and the pressure, humidity, temperature, and concentration of the gas at the inlet of the sub-model's flow channel.

[0144] The actual open-circuit potential of a fuel cell is significantly lower than its theoretical potential. For example, for a hydrogen / air fuel cell, the open-circuit voltage is typically below 1V. This indicates that even without external current generation, there will be some voltage loss within the fuel cell. Furthermore, when the cell is connected to a load and generates external current, unavoidable voltage loss will occur due to the cell's internal resistance. Fuel cells experience various types of voltage loss during operation, primarily including activation polarization, ohmic loss, and concentration polarization. Therefore, the output voltage of the sub-model can be expressed as follows:

[0145] V cell =E rev -η act -η ohm -η con

[0146] Among them, V cell E is the output voltage of the sub-model. rev η is the theoretical voltage of the sub-model. act For activation polarization, η ohm For Ohm loss, η con This is concentration polarization.

[0147] According to the Nernst equation, the following expression for the theoretical equilibrium open-circuit voltage can be obtained:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, E rev The theoretical voltage of the sub-model is given by ΔG(T), where ΔG(T) is the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, T is the reaction temperature, n is the molar charge of hydrogen, F is the Faraday constant, and P is the theoretical voltage of the sub-model. h2 For the partial pressure of hydrogen, P O2 P is the partial pressure of oxygen, P0 is the reference pressure, and P h2o For water vapor partial pressure and saturation, P sat It is the vapor pressure.

[0150] Electrochemical reactions require overcoming the activation energy on the catalyst surface; the resulting voltage drop is called activation polarization. According to the Butler-Wolmer equation, activation polarization can be expressed as follows:

[0151]

[0152] In the formula, η act For activation polarization, R is the gas constant, T is the reaction temperature, i is the sub-model current density, i0 is the exchange current density on the anode or cathode side, and α i These are the charge transfer coefficients on the anode side and the cathode side, respectively.

[0153] The main factors influencing ohmic loss include the proton transport impedance in the proton exchange membrane and the electron transport impedance of other conductive components. The contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer and the bipolar plate also significantly affects ohmic loss. Therefore, the ohmic loss in a fuel cell can be expressed by the following formula:

[0154] η ohm =(R gdl +R cl +R contact +R mem )·i

[0155] Where, η ohm For ohmic loss, R gdl R is the ohmic impedance of the diffusion layer. cl R is the ohmic impedance of the catalyst layer. men R is the ohmic impedance of the proton membrane. contact Let be the contact resistance between the diffusion layer and the bipolar plate, and i be the sub-model current density.

[0156] Concentration polarization is a phenomenon that restricts the electrochemical reaction because reactants required for the reaction are rapidly consumed on the catalyst layer, while reactants in the bipolar channel cannot diffuse to the catalyst layer in time. According to the Nernst equation and Fick's diffusion law, voltage concentration polarization loss can be expressed as follows:

[0157]

[0158] Where, η con For concentration polarization, i lim The limiting current density of the fuel cell is represented by R, the gas constant is T, the reaction temperature is n, the molar charge of hydrogen is F, the Faraday constant is i, and the current density of the sub-model is i.

[0159] In this embodiment, the initial environmental parameters are used as the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model, and the initial current density is used as the first current density of the first sub-model, thereby obtaining the inlet environmental parameters and the first current density of the first sub-model. Then, by substituting them into the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model respectively, the outlet environmental parameters and the first operating voltage of the first sub-model can be obtained.

[0160] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, in step S130, based on the output environment parameters, first current density, first operating voltage, electrical parameter model, and environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model, the target electrical parameters and the output environment parameters of the current sub-model are determined. This includes:

[0161] Step S400: Based on the output environment parameters, first operating voltage, and electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model, determine the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

[0162] Specifically, since the first operating voltage is calculated based on preset initial environmental parameters and preset initial current density, it can be used as the standard electrical parameter of the fuel cell. Furthermore, the outlet environmental parameters of the previous sub-model are the inlet environmental parameters of the current sub-model. Substituting the outlet environmental parameters of the previous sub-model and the first operating voltage into the electrical parameter model, the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model can be determined. When calculating the target current density of the current sub-model using the electrical parameter model, the constraint is that the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. If the calculated current density of the current sub-model results in the absolute value of the difference between the current sub-model's operating voltage and the first operating voltage being greater than or equal to the second threshold, the current density of the current sub-model is recalculated until the absolute value of the difference between the current sub-model's operating voltage and the first operating voltage is less than the second threshold. Furthermore, by repeating this step, the current density and operating voltage of each sub-model can be obtained. After calculating the current density of all sub-models, if the absolute value of the difference between the average current density of each sub-model and the first current density is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the current density of all sub-models is recalculated until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than the first threshold.

[0163] Step S410: Determine the output environment parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model, and the environment parameter model.

[0164] Specifically, the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model are the input environment parameters of the current sub-model. By substituting the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model and the target current density of the current sub-model into the environment parameter model, the output environment parameters of the current sub-model can be obtained. Repeating this step will yield the output environment parameters of each sub-model.

[0165] In this embodiment, by substituting the output environmental parameters and the first operating voltage of the previous sub-model into the electrical parameter model, the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model can be determined. Repeating this step yields the current density and operating voltage of each sub-model. Substituting the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model and the target current density of the current sub-model into the environmental parameter model yields the output environmental parameters of the current sub-model. Repeating this step yields the output environmental parameters of each sub-model. This achieves the calculation of the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of each sub-model.

[0166] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, in step S400, based on the outlet environment parameters, first operating voltage, and electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model, the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model are determined. This includes:

[0167] Step S500: Use the exit environment parameters of the previous sub-model as the entry environment parameters of the current sub-model.

[0168] Specifically, since the sub-models are divided into adjacent sections, the outlet environmental parameters of the previous sub-model become the inlet environmental parameters of the current sub-model. Environmental parameters can include gas pressure, concentration, ambient humidity, ambient temperature, etc.

[0169] Step S510: Substitute the current sub-model's input environment parameters and first operating voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine the current sub-model's second current density.

[0170] Specifically, the inlet environmental parameters and the first operating voltage of the current sub-model are substituted into the electrical parameter model. For example, parameters such as gas pressure, concentration, ambient humidity, and ambient temperature are substituted into the electrical parameter model. Then, the output voltage of the electrical parameter model is set as the first operating voltage, and the second current density of the current sub-model is calculated in reverse. This current density is the current density required for the current sub-model to reach the first operating voltage under the current inlet environmental parameters. Repeating this step yields the second current density of each sub-model. This can be represented as a set, for example, [i1: V1, i2: V2, ..., i...]. N-1 V N-1 i N V N], where i1 is the first current density of the first sub-model, V1 is the first operating voltage of the first sub-model, i2 is the second current density of the second sub-model, V2 is the target operating voltage of the second sub-model, i N V represents the second current density of the Nth sub-model. N This represents the target operating voltage for the Nth sub-model.

[0171] Step S520: Determine the average current density based on the second current density of each sub-model.

[0172] For example, the average current density can be determined using the following formula:

[0173]

[0174] Among them, i mean i is the average current density k Let N be the current density of the k-th sub-model, and N be the number of sub-models.

[0175] Step S530: If the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to the first threshold, adjust the second current density of each sub-model until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the second operating voltage and the first operating voltage of the current sub-model determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameters of the current sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is less than the second threshold.

[0176] Specifically, after calculating the average current density, the average current density is compared with the initial current density. If the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the above steps are repeated to recalculate the average current density of each sub-model until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold. In addition, during the calculation process, the operating voltage of each sub-model must meet the condition that the absolute value of the difference between it and the first operating voltage is less than the second threshold.

[0177] For example, the following constraints need to be met:

[0178] |V1-Vi|<ε2

[0179] |i mean -i0|<ε1

[0180] Where V1 is the first operating voltage, V i εi is the operating voltage of the i-th sub-model, ε2 is the second threshold, and i mean ε is the average current density, i0 is the initial current density, and ε1 is the first threshold.

[0181] Step S540: Use the second current density and the second operating voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

[0182] Specifically, the second current density and second operating voltage of the current sub-model that satisfy the above constraints are taken as the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

[0183] In this embodiment, two constraints, average current density and operating voltage, are set, and the current density of each sub-model is adjusted to determine the target current density and target operating voltage of each sub-model.

[0184] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, in step S140, the test data for the fuel cell to be tested is determined based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model, as well as the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model. This includes:

[0185] Step S600: Determine the distribution of environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the position of each sub-model along the flow channel.

[0186] Specifically, after determining the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model, since each sub-model is located at a different position along the flow channel, the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model can be characterized as the environmental parameters at different node locations inside the fuel cell. This allows for the determination of the environmental parameter distribution of the fuel cell under test, facilitating the assessment of the environmental distribution during fuel cell operation. It also helps identify any design flaws in the fuel cell, such as excessively low local humidity or low local gas concentration, thus enabling optimized design of the fuel cell and improved performance.

[0187] For example, the environmental parameter distribution of the fuel cell under test may include the current density distribution at each node within the fuel cell's flow channel (see [reference]). Figure 7 Temperature distribution at various nodes within the flow channel (proton exchange membrane temperature is basically the same as catalyst layer temperature) (see [reference]). Figure 8 Water content distribution at each node of the proton exchange membrane (see [reference]). Figure 9 ), oxygen concentration distribution at each node within the flow channel (see [reference]). Figure 10 ).

[0188] Step S610: Determine the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model.

[0189] Specifically, the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model can be used as the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested.

[0190] Step S620: Determine the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0191] Specifically, under the above constraints, the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model can be used as the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested.

[0192] For example, the average value of the target operating voltage is calculated using the following formula:

[0193]

[0194] Where V is the average operating voltage, V k Let N be the target operating voltage of the k-th sub-model, and N be the number of sub-models.

[0195] In this embodiment, after determining the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model, the equivalent current value, equivalent voltage value, and environmental parameter distribution of the fuel cell can be determined, so as to optimize the design of the fuel cell.

[0196] It should be understood that, although Figure 1 , 3 The steps in flowchart -6 are shown sequentially as indicated by the arrows, but these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order requirement for the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Furthermore, Figure 1 , 3 At least some of the steps in -6 may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but may be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be executed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages in other steps.

[0197] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, a fuel cell testing device is provided, comprising: a model partitioning module 1101, a model determination module 1102, a first parameter determination module 1103, a second parameter determination module 1104, and a data determination module 1105, wherein:

[0198] The model partitioning module 1101 is used to divide the fuel cell to be tested into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction.

[0199] The model determination module 1102 is used to determine the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model of the fuel cell. The environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model.

[0200] The first parameter determination module 1103 is used to determine the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on the preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model. The first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models.

[0201] The second parameter determination module 1104 is used to determine the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters, first current density, first operating voltage, electrical parameter model, and environmental parameter model of the previous sub-model. The absolute value of the difference between the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold.

[0202] The data determination module 1105 is used to determine the test data of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0203] In one embodiment, the first parameter determination module 1103 further includes: a first current determination unit, a first environment determination unit, and a first voltage determination unit, wherein:

[0204] The first current determination unit is used to take the initial environmental parameters as the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model and the initial current density as the first current density of the first sub-model.

[0205] The first environment determination unit is used to determine the outlet environment parameters of the first sub-model based on the inlet environment parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the environment parameter model.

[0206] The first voltage determination unit is used to determine the first operating voltage of the first sub-model based on the inlet environment parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the electrical parameter model.

[0207] In one embodiment, the second parameter determination module 1104 further includes: an electrical parameter determination unit and a second environment determination unit, wherein:

[0208] The electrical parameter determination unit is used to determine the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model based on the output environment parameters, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model of the previous sub-model.

[0209] The second environment determination unit is used to determine the output environment parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model, and the environment parameter model.

[0210] In one embodiment, the electrical parameter determination unit further includes: an environment determination subunit, a current determination subunit, an average current determination subunit, a calculation subunit, and a target parameter determination subunit, wherein:

[0211] The environment determination sub-unit is used to take the exit environment parameters of the previous sub-model as the entry environment parameters of the current sub-model.

[0212] The current determination sub-unit is used to substitute the current sub-model's input environmental parameters and first operating voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine the second current density of the current sub-model.

[0213] The average current determination sub-unit is used to determine the average current density based on the second current density of each sub-model.

[0214] The calculation sub-unit is used to adjust the second current density of the current sub-model when the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to a first threshold, until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the second operating voltage and the first operating voltage of the current sub-model determined according to the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameters of the current sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is less than the second threshold.

[0215] The target parameter determination sub-unit is used to take the second current density and the second operating voltage of the current sub-model as the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

[0216] In one embodiment, the data determination module 1105 further includes: a distribution determination unit, an equivalent current determination unit, and an equivalent voltage determination unit, wherein:

[0217] The distribution determination unit is used to determine the distribution of environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the position of each sub-model along the flow channel.

[0218] The equivalent current determination unit is used to determine the equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model.

[0219] The equivalent voltage determination unit is used to determine the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested based on the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

[0220] Specific limitations regarding the fuel cell testing apparatus can be found in the limitations of the fuel cell testing methods described above, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned fuel cell testing apparatus can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device in hardware form, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the operations corresponding to each module. It should be noted that the module division in this embodiment is illustrative and only represents a logical functional division; other division methods may be used in actual implementation.

[0221] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the internal structure of which can be shown in the following diagram. Figure 12 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, and a network interface connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system, computer programs, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The network interface is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a testing method for a fuel cell.

[0222] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 12 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0223] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps in the above-described method embodiments.

[0224] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0225] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0226] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, or optical storage, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can be in various forms, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM), etc.

[0227] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," and "ideal embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.

[0228] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0229] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A test method for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The simulation model of the fuel cell to be tested is divided into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction; Obtain the environmental parameter model and electrical parameter model of the fuel cell, wherein the environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model; Based on the preset initial environmental parameters, the preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model, the first current density and the first operating voltage of the first sub-model, as well as the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model, are determined. The first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models. Based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model, the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model are determined. Specifically, the absolute value of the difference between the average target current density of each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. All sub-models are adjacent, and the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model are the input environmental parameters of the current sub-model. Based on the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model, as well as the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model, the test data of the fuel cell to be tested are determined. The process of determining the test data for the fuel cell under test based on the outlet environment parameters corresponding to each sub-model, as well as the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model, includes: Based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the position of each sub-model along the flow channel, the distribution of environmental parameters of the fuel cell to be tested is determined. The equivalent current value of the fuel cell to be tested is determined based on the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model. The equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell to be tested is determined based on the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

2. The test method for fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the output environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on preset initial environmental parameters, preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model includes: The initial environmental parameters are used as the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model, and the initial current density is used as the first current density of the first sub-model. Based on the inlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the environmental parameter model, the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model are determined. The first operating voltage of the first sub-model is determined based on the inlet environment parameters of the first sub-model, the first current density of the first sub-model, and the electrical parameter model.

3. The test method for fuel cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model includes: Based on the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model, determine the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model; Based on the output environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the target current density of the current sub-model, and the environment parameter model, the output environment parameters of the current sub-model are determined.

4. The test method for fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the target current density and target operating voltage of the current sub-model based on the outlet environment parameters of the previous sub-model, the first operating voltage, and the electrical parameter model includes: The exit environment parameters of the previous sub-model are used as the entry environment parameters of the current sub-model; Substitute the current sub-model's ingress environment parameters and the first operating voltage into the electrical parameter model to determine the current sub-model's second current density; The average current density is determined based on the second current density of each sub-model; If the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is greater than or equal to a first threshold, the second current density of each sub-model is adjusted until the absolute value of the difference between the average current density and the initial current density is less than the first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the second operating voltage of the current sub-model and the first operating voltage determined by the current sub-model based on the second current density of the current sub-model, the inlet environment parameters of the current sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is less than the second threshold. The second current density and the second operating voltage of the current sub-model are used as the target current density and the target operating voltage of the current sub-model.

5. The test method for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The environmental parameter model includes: The anode pressure drop model is used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the anode channel outlet of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, humidity at the anode channel inlet of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model. The cathode pressure drop model is used to determine the pressure, concentration, and humidity of the gas at the cathode channel outlet of the sub-model based on the gas pressure, concentration, humidity at the inlet of the cathode channel of the sub-model and the current density of the sub-model. A thermal model is used to determine the temperature at the outlet of the sub-model's flow channel based on the sub-model's physical parameters, the temperature at the flow channel inlet, and the current density of the sub-model. A proton-water transport model is used to determine the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model based on the humidity of the proton exchange membrane, the temperature at the inlet of the flow channel, and the current density of the sub-model. The electrical parameter model is used to determine the operating voltage of the sub-model based on the current density of the sub-model, the proton membrane impedance of the sub-model, the physical parameters of the sub-model, and the pressure, humidity, temperature, and concentration of the gas at the inlet of the sub-model's flow channel.

6. A testing apparatus for a fuel cell, characterized in that, include: The model partitioning module is used to divide the simulation model of the fuel cell to be tested into multiple sub-models of the same size along the flow channel direction; The model determination module is used to determine the environmental parameter model and the electrical parameter model of the fuel cell. The environmental parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the inlet environmental parameters and the outlet environmental parameters of the sub-model, and the electrical parameter model is used to characterize the relationship between the current density, operating voltage and inlet environmental parameters of the sub-model. The first parameter determination module is used to determine the first current density and first operating voltage of the first sub-model and the outlet environmental parameters of the first sub-model based on the preset initial environmental parameters, the preset initial current density, the environmental parameter model, and the electrical parameter model. The first sub-model is the sub-model closest to the upstream of the flow channel among multiple sub-models. The second parameter determination module is used to determine the target current density, target operating voltage, and output environmental parameters of the current sub-model based on the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model, the first current density, the first operating voltage, the electrical parameter model, and the environmental parameter model. The absolute value of the difference between the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model and the first current density is less than a first threshold, and the absolute value of the difference between the target operating voltage of each sub-model and the first operating voltage is less than a second threshold. The sub-models are adjacent, and the output environmental parameters of the previous sub-model are the input environmental parameters of the current sub-model. The data determination module is used to determine the test data of the fuel cell under test based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model. The determination of the test data of the fuel cell under test based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the target current density and target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model includes: determining the distribution of environmental parameters of the fuel cell under test based on the outlet environmental parameters corresponding to each sub-model and the position of each sub-model along the flow channel direction; determining the equivalent current value of the fuel cell under test based on the average value of the target current density corresponding to each sub-model; and determining the equivalent voltage value of the fuel cell under test based on the average value of the target operating voltage corresponding to each sub-model.

7. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

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