Application of emblica dietary fiber powder as cricket feed ingredient, cricket feed and breeding method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and in particular to the application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient, cricket feed and a breeding method. The present invention utilizes the byproduct of emblica juice processing (i.e., emblica pomace) to prepare emblica dietary fiber powder, and the emblica dietary fiber powder contains rich cellulose and tannic acid. After the emblica dietary fiber powder is added to the basic feed of crickets, the weight and food intake of the crickets can be significantly increased, and the crickets are particularly suitable for two-spot crickets. The present invention makes full use of the byproducts of emblica processing, which not only reduces the feeding cost of crickets, but also can significantly increase the weight of two-spot crickets, providing ideas for subsequent scientific research and large-scale breeding of two-spot crickets, and has good economic value and scientific significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and in particular to application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient, cricket feed and a breeding method. Background Art

[0002] The two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) belongs to the cricket genus (Gryllus) of the family Gryllidae of the order Orthoptera. It is stout and about 23 to 27 mm long. It has a spherical head and a shiny black body. In natural populations, the most obvious feature is that there is a round yellow spot at the base of the forewings, and the ends of the hind wings are folded into whiskers, extending beyond the forewings and the tail whiskers. In artificial breeding populations, there are also individuals with a body color of earthy yellow and unclear yellow spots at the base of the wings. Because the male insects have loud calls and are aggressive by nature, the two-spotted crickets are regarded as singing insects and fighting insects in folk culture to enrich people's spiritual life.

[0003] In addition to being used as a traditional plaything, two-spotted crickets also have high nutritional and edible value, and are an edible insect with great development potential. The domestic breeding of crickets for food started relatively late, but in recent years, the development and utilization of two-spotted crickets has been recognized, and the market demand has continued to expand, promoting a substantial increase in breeding demand.

[0004] However, the current two-spot cricket feed has a poor weight-gaining effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a two-spot cricket feed that has a good weight-gaining effect and is suitable for large-scale breeding. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient, a cricket feed and a breeding method. The emblica dietary fiber powder provided by the present invention can significantly increase the weight of two-spot crickets and can be used for large-scale breeding of two-spot crickets.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The invention provides application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient. The emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica and / or emblica pomace are dried and then crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder.

[0008] Preferably, the particle size of the emblica dietary fiber powder is 800-1200 meshes.

[0009] Preferably, the cricket comprises Gryllus bimaculatus.

[0010] The present invention also provides a cricket feed, comprising emblica dietary fiber powder and a basic feed; the emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica pomace is dried and then crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder.

[0011] Preferably, the mass percentage of the emblica dietary fiber powder in the cricket feed is 0.5% to 5%.

[0012] Preferably, the particle size of the emblica dietary fiber powder is 800-1200 meshes.

[0013] Preferably, the basic feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-77.5% corn, 20-24% soybean meal, 1-2% Wechsler salt and 0.5-0.8% vitamin mixture; the vitamin mixture comprises: α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, crystalline folic acid, inositol, nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride and vitamin B12.

[0014] Preferably, the vitamin mixture comprises: 8 g / kg of α-tocopherol, 270 g / kg of ascorbic acid, 20 mg / kg of biotin, 1 g / kg of calcium pantothenate, 50 g / kg of choline chloride, 250 mg / kg of crystalline folic acid, 20 g / kg of inositol, 1 g / kg of nicotinamide, 250 mg / kg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 500 mg / kg of riboflavin, 250 mg / kg of thiamine hydrochloride, and 2 g / kg of vitamin B12.

[0015] The present invention also provides a breeding method for increasing the weight and / or food intake of crickets, wherein the cricket feed described in the above technical solution is used to feed the crickets.

[0016] Preferably, the crickets include two-spotted crickets.

[0017] Beneficial effects:

[0018] The present invention provides an application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient, wherein the emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica and / or emblica pomace are dried and crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder. The present invention utilizes the byproduct of emblica and / or emblica juice processing (i.e., emblica pomace) to prepare the emblica dietary fiber powder, and the emblica dietary fiber powder contains rich cellulose and tannic acid. After the emblica dietary fiber powder is added to the basic feed of the cricket, the weight and food intake of the cricket can be significantly increased, and the cricket is particularly suitable for two-spot crickets. The present invention makes full use of the byproduct of emblica processing, which not only reduces the feeding cost of the cricket, but also can significantly increase the weight of the two-spot cricket, laying a foundation and providing ideas for subsequent scientific research on the two-spot cricket, and has good economic value and scientific significance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.

[0020] Figure 1 The results of the changes in food intake of two-spotted crickets fed with different concentrations of emblica fiber powder for 45 days;

[0021] Figure 2 The results of body weight changes of two-spotted crickets fed with diets containing different concentrations of emblica fiber powder for 45 days. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The invention provides application of emblica dietary fiber powder as a cricket feed ingredient. The emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica and / or emblica pomace are dried and then crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder.

[0023] The method for preparing the emblica pomace of the present invention preferably comprises: removing the emblica core and squeezing the juice to obtain the emblica pomace.

[0024] After obtaining the emblica or the pomace of emblica, the present invention dries the emblica and / or the pomace of emblica and then crushes them to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder. The present invention has no special requirements for the drying method, and a drying method well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The crushing device of the present invention is preferably purchased from the ultrafine grinder of Jiangyin Jiake Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., model WFM-100L.

[0025] In the present invention, the particle size of the emblica dietary fiber powder is preferably 800-1200 mesh, more preferably 1000-1200 mesh, and more preferably 1200 mesh. The emblica dietary fiber powder prepared by the present invention by crushing the dried emblica and / or emblica pomace into a suitable particle size can further facilitate the digestion of crickets.

[0026] In the present invention, the cricket preferably includes Gryllus bimaculatus.

[0027] The emblica dietary fiber powder provided by the present invention can significantly increase the body weight and food intake of two-spot crickets, and can be used for large-scale breeding of two-spot crickets; in addition, the emblica cellulose powder rich in cellulose and polyphenols can improve the quality of intestinal microorganisms of crickets, and provide assistance for the research of antibiotic-free feed.

[0028] The present invention also provides a cricket feed, comprising emblica dietary fiber powder and a basic feed; the emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica pomace is dried and then crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder.

[0029] The preparation method of the emblica dietary fiber powder of the present invention is the same as the above technical scheme, which will not be repeated here.

[0030] In the present invention, the mass percentage of the emblica dietary fiber powder in the cricket feed is preferably 0.5% to 5%, more preferably 0.5 to 1% or 2 to 3% or 5%, and more preferably 5%.

[0031] The present invention has no special requirements for the source of the basic feed, and cricket feed familiar to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the basic feed preferably includes the following components in percentage by mass: 72-77.5% corn, 20-24% soybean meal, 1-2% Webster salt and 0.5-0.8% vitamin mixture, more preferably including 77.5% corn, 20% soybean meal, 2% Webster salt and 0.5% mixed vitamins; the vitamin mixture preferably includes: α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, crystalline folic acid, inositol, nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride and vitamin B12; the particle size of the corn is preferably 600-900 μm; the particle size of the soybean meal is preferably 900-1200 μm. The Weiss salt of the present invention is preferably purchased from MP Biomedicals (a subsidiary of China Energy Conservation Wanrun Co., Ltd.) with a product number of NO.902851; the mixed vitamins are preferably purchased from MP Biomedicals (a subsidiary of China Energy Conservation Wanrun Co., Ltd.) with a product number of NO.903244. The basic feed preferably used in the present invention is a suitable formula determined by comprehensively considering the feed cost and the survival rate and growth rate of crickets.

[0032] The present invention not only reduces the feeding cost of crickets, but also can significantly increase the weight and food intake of crickets by compounding the emblica dietary fiber powder with the basic feed at a suitable ratio, and is particularly suitable for two-spotted crickets.

[0033] The present invention also provides a breeding method for increasing the weight and / or food intake of crickets, wherein the cricket feed described in the above technical solution is used to feed the crickets.

[0034] In the present invention, the total feeding amount of each cricket in 45 days is preferably 500-700 mg, more preferably 500-750 mg, and more preferably 750 mg; the crickets preferably include two-spotted crickets.

[0035] To further illustrate the present invention, the application of the Emblica dietary fiber powder provided by the present invention as a cricket feed ingredient, cricket feed and breeding method are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] The emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by the following method: fresh emblica fruits are washed and then sent to a pitting machine by a conveyor belt, wherein the pulp and the pit are fully separated in the pitting machine, the complete pit comes out from the pit outlet, and the pulp with a particle size of about 3 mm leaks out from the sieve plate on the other side, and is sent to a squeezer for juicing, and the pomace after juicing is naturally dried, and then the dried pomace is crushed by a superfine crusher with a model of WFM-100L produced by Jiangyin Jiake Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder, wherein the particle size after crushing is 800-1200 meshes.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A cricket feed, comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 99.5% of a basic feed;

[0040] The basic feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 77.5% corn, 20.0% soybean meal, 2.0% Weichs salt and 0.5% vitamins; the particle size of the corn is 600-900 μm; the particle size of the soybean meal is 900-1200 μm; the Weichs salt is purchased from MP Biomedicals, with production batch number NO.X2466; the vitamins are purchased from MP Biomedicals, with production batch number NO.X2335.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A cricket feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 1% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 99% of a basic feed; the basic feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] A cricket feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 98% of a basic feed; the basic feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] A cricket feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 3% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 97% of a basic feed; the basic feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] A cricket feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 95% of a basic feed; the basic feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] A cricket feed is composed of the following components in percentage by mass: 0% of the emblica dietary fiber powder prepared in Example 1 and 100% of a basic feed; the basic feed is the same as that in Example 2.

[0051] Application Example 1

[0052] The species of crickets raised is the two-spotted cricket.

[0053] The environmental conditions were set as follows: temperature 25℃~30℃, air humidity 45%±10%, and light duration 12~14h. The crickets were raised in a feeding box with egg trays. Three 9-grid egg trays were placed in the feeding box for shelter. A modified weighing tray (i.e., the upper edge of one side was cut off to facilitate the entry of the crickets) was used as a feeding tray. Water was soaked with absorbent cotton for the crickets to drink, and drinking water was replenished three times a day.

[0054] It was divided into 5 treatment groups and 1 control group. The 5 treatment groups were fed with the cricket feed described in Examples 2 to 6, respectively, and the control group was fed with the cricket feed described in Comparative Example 1.

[0055] The feed was changed every 3 days, the feeding box was cleaned and the cricket feces were collected. The feed was weighed once before and after feeding to record the amount of food intake, the feces were weighed and recorded, and the crickets were weighed. After 45 days of breeding, the cricket mortality rate was recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0056] According to the formula of Waldbauer [Waldbauer G P. The consumption and utilization of food by insects [M] / / Advances in insect physiology. Academic Press, 1968, 5: 229-288.], the approximate food digestibility, food conversion rate, food utilization rate and relative growth rate of two-spotted crickets were calculated as follows:

[0057] Approximate digestibility of food (AD) = (1-amount of feces / amount of food consumed) × 100%;

[0058] Food conversion efficiency (ECD) = weight gain / (food intake-feces volume) × 100%;

[0059] Food utilization efficiency (ECI) = weight gain / food intake × 100%;

[0060] Relative growth rate (RGR) = (average weight of crickets after 15 days - average weight of crickets before 15 days) / (average weight of crickets measured before 15 days + average weight of crickets measured after 15 days) × 100%;

[0061] The relative growth rate of the crickets was counted every 15 days;

[0062] The data of food approximate digestibility (AD), food conversion efficiency (ECD) and food utilization efficiency (ECI) were collected every three days, and then the average value of the data was calculated. The results are shown in Tables 2 to 4. Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0063] Results Analysis

[0064] Table 1 Effects of different concentrations of Phyllanthus emblica fiber powder on the mortality of two-spotted crickets (%)

[0065] Fiber powder content mortality rate Comparison 25.63±2.65ab 0.5 19.17±2.60b 1.0 17.50±1.25ab 2.0 13.33±3.61a 3.0 16.25±1.25ab 5.0 18.92±3.61ab

[0066] Note: Data represent mean ± SD. Data with different lowercase letters in the same column are significantly different (P < 0.05) by Duncan's new multiple range test. The same applies to the following table.

[0067] As shown in Table 1, the mortality rate of two-spotted crickets first decreased and then increased with the increase in the amount of fiber powder added. The main reason is that after adding fiber powder, it is beneficial to the overall health of the crickets, so even the lowest amount of addition has reduced the mortality rate, which is lower than that of the control group. As the amount of addition increases, it gradually reaches the most suitable amount, and the mortality rate also drops to the lowest. If the amount of addition continues to increase, it exceeds the optimal level, and the effect of reducing the mortality rate also weakens, and gradually approaches the control group.

[0068] Changes in food intake during 45 days of rearing of two-spotted crickets Figure 1 The weight changes of a single cricket within 45 days of feeding are shown in Figure 2 The average body weight and total food intake of two-spotted crickets fed with different contents of emblica fiber powder for 45 days are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2 Average body weight and total food intake of two-spotted crickets fed with different contents of emblica fiber powder for 45 days

[0070] Fiber powder content (%) Weight of a single cricket after 45 days of feeding (mg) Total food intake of a single cricket after 45 days of feeding (mg) Comparison 267.67±28.62a 445.15±46.03a 0.5 354.89±83.68ab 651.05±131.68ab 1.0 305.46±98.98ab 519.60±166.06ab 2.0 293.31±38.22ab 501.39±67.68ab 3.0 322.78±74.72ab 532.36±111.01ab 5.0 428.83±33.76b 749.57±142.42b

[0071] Depend on Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown in Table 2, when feeding two-spot crickets with different contents of emblica cellulose powder, their food intake generally increased with the increase of feeding days / day age; after about one month of feeding, there was a repetition of "increase-decrease-increase", but in spite of this, within 45 days, their food intake showed a dozens-fold increase. From the perspective of the groups, the food intake was not proportional to the amount of emblica cellulose added, but it showed a certain regularity. Among them, the feeding amount of the 0.5% group with a lower content of cellulose powder of Phyllanthus amara remained at a high level until it was surpassed by the 5.0% group with a higher content of cellulose powder of Phyllanthus amara after 30 days of feeding; the 5.0% group still maintained a high growth trend of feeding amount after 30 days of feeding, and reached the highest peak of 3-day feeding amount on the 45th day, with a single insect feeding amount of 136.03 mg, which was much higher than other groups; in comparison, the feeding amount of the control group remained at a low level of feeding amount growth, and only had a significant increase on the 39th day of feeding; the groups with 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% cellulose content of Phyllanthus amara in the feed did not change according to the increase in content, but increased alternately. During the feeding process, the occasional fluctuation of feeding amount may be related to the behavior of reducing feeding during the cricket molting period. However, it is worth noting that after the 30th day of feeding, the feeding amount of each group showed a large downward fluctuation. Whether this is due to molting, increased death individuals or other factors, further observation and analysis are needed.

[0072] The total food intake of crickets in all treatment groups with emblica fiber powder added to their feed was higher than that of the control group. Among them, the total food intake of the 5.0% treatment group was the highest, significantly higher than that of the control group. The total food intake of the 0.5% treatment group was second, and the total food intake of the 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% treatment groups was not much different, and was at an intermediate level.

[0073] The weight of all two-spotted crickets in the treatment groups with amla fiber powder added to their feed was higher than that of the control group. The weight of the crickets did not increase with the increase of the amount of amla fiber powder added to the feed. The weight of the crickets in the 5% treatment group was the highest, significantly higher than the control group. The weight of the crickets in the 0.5% treatment group was second, and the weights of the crickets in the 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% treatment groups were relatively close, at an intermediate level. The weight of the crickets in different groups was consistent with the total food intake, and the higher the food intake, the higher the weight.

[0074] Depend on Figure 2It can be seen that the weight of the two-spot crickets also has a certain pattern with the increase of the number of days of feeding. The weight of the crickets increased slowly in the first 15 days, and the increase was less than 50.00 mg in 15 days; the weight of the crickets increased by about 100.00 mg from the 15th to the 30th day; the weight of the crickets increased by 150.00 mg from the 30th to the 45th day. This shows that the weight growth rate of the two-spot crickets increases with age. Among them, the weight of the two-spot crickets in the control group increased the slowest. The weight of the crickets in the 5.0% treatment group increased slowly in the first 30 days, and increased rapidly in the next 15 days, and surpassed the 0.5% treatment group on the 36th day to become the group with the highest average weight. The weight of the crickets in the 0.5% treatment group increased rapidly before the 36th day, and the growth rate slowed down after the 36th day. The crickets in the 2.0% treatment group remained at a high level before the 21st day, and the growth rate slowed down after the 21st day, and were gradually surpassed by the 1.0%, 3.0% and 5.0% treatment groups. The changes in the weight growth of two-spot crickets are closely related to the changes in their food intake. When the food intake decreases, the weight growth also slows down.

[0075] The results of the effects of different contents of emblica fiber powder on food utilization parameters of two-spotted crickets are shown in Table 3.

[0076] Table 3 Effects of different contents of emblica fiber powder on food utilization parameters of two-spotted crickets (%)

[0077]

[0078]

[0079] As shown in Table 3, the effects of different contents of Phyllanthus emblica fiber powder on the approximate digestibility (AD), food conversion rate (ECD) and food utilization rate (ECI) of two-spotted crickets during feeding were calculated based on the amount of food intake, body weight and feces. The differences between the different content groups and the control group in these three food utilization parameters were small. Among them, in terms of approximate food digestibility, the 5.0% treatment group had the highest approximate food digestibility, reaching 69.74%, which was significantly higher than the lowest 2.0% treatment group (62.16%), while the groups 0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% were in the middle, and the differences between these two groups and the control were not significant. In terms of food conversion rate and food utilization rate, there were no significant differences between the feeding groups with different contents.

[0080] The results of the comparison of the relative growth rates of two-spotted crickets every 15 days are shown in Table 4.

[0081] Table 4 Comparison of relative growth rate of two-spotted crickets every 15 days (%)

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 4, different concentrations of Phyllanthus emblica fiber powder have an effect on the relative growth rate of two-spotted crickets. The analysis results show that there are significant differences in the relative growth rates of different content groups. The relative growth rates of the two-spotted crickets in the first 15 days were all around 90%; from the 15th to the 30th day, the relative growth rate of the 5.0% treatment group was 78.22%, significantly higher than that of other treatment groups, and the relative growth rate of the 2.0% treatment group was the lowest, at 54.73%, significantly lower than that of the control group; from the 30th to the 45th day, the highest relative growth rate was in the 5.0% treatment group, significantly higher than the lowest 0.5% treatment group. Since the weight growth rate of the crickets in the 0.5% treatment group slowed down from the 30th to the 45th day, its relative growth rate was the lowest.

[0084] In summary, the emblica dietary fiber powder provided by the present invention can significantly increase the body weight of two-spotted crickets, and the best weight gain effect is achieved when the powder is added in an amount of 5% in the basic feed.

[0085] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for increasing the weight and / or food intake of crickets, It is characterized in that Crickets are fed with cricket feed; the cricket feed comprises emblica dietary fiber powder and basic feed; the emblica dietary fiber powder is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: emblica pomace is dried and then crushed to obtain the emblica dietary fiber powder; the particle size of the emblica dietary fiber powder is 800-1200 meshes; the mass percentage of the emblica dietary fiber powder in the cricket feed is 5%.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The basic feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-77.5% corn, 20-24% soybean meal, 1-2% Wechsler salt and 0.5-0.8% vitamin mixture; the vitamin mixture comprises: α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, crystalline folic acid, inositol, nicotinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride and vitamin B12.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The vitamin mixture comprises: 8 g / kg of alpha-tocopherol, 270 g / kg of ascorbic acid, 20 mg / kg of biotin, 1 g / kg of calcium pantothenate, 50 g / kg of choline chloride, 250 mg / kg of crystalline folic acid, 20 g / kg of inositol, 1 g / kg of nicotinamide, 250 mg / kg of pyridoxine hydrochloride, 500 mg / kg of riboflavin, 250 mg / kg of thiamine hydrochloride and 2 g / kg of vitamin B12.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The crickets include the two-spotted cricket.

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