A low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material, which is formed by growing culture medium into a knot and drying the knot to a moisture content of less than 13%; the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material has a density of 60-120 kg / m 3 , and a mycelium layer on the surface of the buffer material has a thickness of 5-15 mm; the culture medium is composed of biological raw materials and fungal strains; the biological raw materials are composed of straw materials, first nutritional components, second nutritional components and water; the straw materials are composed of 40-50 parts by mass of hemp rods, 0-30 parts by mass of soybean straws, 0-30 parts by mass of corn straws, 0-40 parts by mass of wood chips and 0-40 parts by mass of fungal residues; the mass fraction of the hemp rods accounts for 40%-50% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials; the water is added in an amount of 60%-70% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials; the first nutritional components are added in an amount of 10%-30% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials; and the second nutritional components are added in an amount of 1%-3% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials. The material has the characteristics of large elasticity, low density, high compression strength, large bending strength and good mildew resistance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of degradable packaging materials, in particular to a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the global express logistics business has developed rapidly. In China, the daily average express business volume has broken through 300 million pieces in 2021. Matching the massive express business is the great demand for express packaging behind it, among which the demand for cushioning packaging is large and the use cycle is short, most of which are directly discarded after one use. At the same time, in China's megacities, the incremental express packaging waste accounts for 93% of the incremental household waste, causing serious harm to the ecological environment.

[0003] In view of this situation, there are many research directions on degradable packaging materials at home and abroad, but most of them are concentrated on the research and development of materials such as PLA and PBAT, which need to be degraded in the conditions of industrial composting. However, a degradable material made of straw and other agricultural and forestry waste rich in cellulose and lignin as raw materials, using a large amount of mycelium formed during the growth of fungal strains as natural "glue", tightly wrapping the culture raw materials into a shape, is a material that can be degraded under household composting conditions.

[0004] At present, there are patent files for this material, but there are still many aspects that need to be improved in order to realize the popularization and application of this new material. For example, patent numbers: CN105292758B, CN106633989B, CN106317922B, although there are differences in strains and materials, but the material has the problems of less mycelium growth, poor cushioning performance, small material porosity, and high material density. Due to the problems of poor cushioning performance, high density, and easy mold of the existing degradable packaging materials, it is difficult to promote the environmental protection action of replacing traditional plastic packaging materials with existing degradable packaging materials in the economic environment where operators pursue their own interests, leading to the fact that the use of traditional plastic packaging materials is still the main method on the market. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to make a degradable biomass cushioning material with large elasticity, low density, high compression strength, large bending strength, and good mold resistance.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material is formed by growing and twisting culture medium and drying it to a moisture content of less than 13%; the density of the low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material is 60-120 kg / m 3, the mycelium layer thickness on the surface of the buffer material is 5-15mm; the culture material is composed of biological raw materials and fungal species; the biological raw materials are composed of straw materials, first nutritional ingredients, second nutritional ingredients and water; the straw materials contain two or more than two of hemp rods, soybean stalks, corn stalks, wood chips and fungus residues, the straw materials are composed of 40-50 mass parts of hemp rods, 0-30 mass parts of soybean stalks, 0-30 mass parts of corn stalks, 0-40 mass parts of wood chips and 0-40 mass parts of fungus residues; the mass parts of the hemp rods account for 40%-50% of the total mass parts of the straw materials; the water is added in an amount of 60%-70% of the total mass parts of the straw materials; the first nutritional ingredients are added in an amount of 10%-30% of the total mass parts of the straw materials, and the first nutritional ingredients are composed of one or two of wheat bran, corn flour and cassava flour; the second nutritional ingredients are added in an amount of 1%-3% of the total mass parts of the straw materials, and the second nutritional ingredients are one of soybean powder, polysaccharide powder and bean gum powder; the inoculation amount of the fungal species is 5%-15% of the total mass parts of the straw materials, the first nutritional ingredients and the water.

[0007] Further, the fungal species is one of ganoderma lucidum, boletus and agaricus bisporus.

[0008] Further, the hemp rods are hemp rods after peeling, the particle size of the hemp rods is 5mm-10mm, the particle size of the soybean stalks is 5mm-10mm, the particle size of the corn stalks is 5mm-10mm, the wood chips pass through an 8-mesh sieve, and the fungus residues pass through an 8-mesh sieve.

[0009] Further, the water content of the hemp rods, the soybean stalks, the corn stalks, the wood chips and the fungus residues is 7%-13%.

[0010] A preparation method of a low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0011] S1: uniformly mixing straw materials, adding water to adjust the water content to 60%-70%, adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0 after stacking and fermenting for 12-24h, then adding first nutritional ingredients, uniformly mixing and obtaining premix after high-pressure steam sterilization;

[0012] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, fungal species are inoculated in a sterile environment to obtain pre-culture material;

[0013] S3: the pre-culture material is placed in an environment with a temperature of 22℃-28℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60% and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first time, and the culture time is 4-6 days to obtain mycelium material;

[0014] S4: after crushing the mycelium, a second nutrient component is added, and after mixing evenly, the density is filled into the mold at 180kg / m 3 -300kg / m 3 After filling the mold, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 14-21℃, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for a second culture, with a culture time of 2-4 days; after demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 28-35℃, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for a third culture, with a culture time of 4-7 days, to obtain a semi-finished product.

[0015] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air environment at 20-30℃ for 6-24h, and finally dried in a circulating hot air environment at 60-80℃ until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain the above-mentioned low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material.

[0016] Further, in step S3, in the first culture, the pre-culture material is placed in a sterile and breathable fungus bag, and a breathable film is provided on the side wall of the fungus bag.

[0017] Further, in step S3, in the first culture, the pre-culture material is completely covered with mycelium and can be stopped.

[0018] Further, in step S4, in the second culture, the surface of the mycelium is evenly covered with white mycelium and can be stopped; in the third culture, the thickness of the aerial mycelium layer formed on the surface of the mycelium is greater than or equal to 5mm and can be stopped.

[0019] Further, in step S5, when the moisture content of the semi-finished product is less than 40%, the semi-finished product is transferred from the circulating cold air environment to the circulating hot air environment.

[0020] Further, in step S1, the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121-124℃, and the time is 1-2h; in step S4, the second nutrient component needs to be sterilized at 121-124℃ for 1-2h before being added.

[0021] The low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material has the advantages that the surface forms a dense mycelium layer with a thickness of 5-15 mm, the mycelium grows vigorously inside, and therefore, the material has good compression strength and bending strength while having low density and high elasticity; and the surface layer has a dense mycelium layer, and the hydrophobicity of the material is obviously improved, thereby improving the mildew resistance. The degradable biomass cushion material has the advantages of large elasticity, low density, high compression strength, large bending strength, and good mildew resistance, and when the degradable biomass cushion material is used to replace foam packaging materials, the social benefits and the economic benefits of the operators can be considered at the same time, and the degradable biomass cushion material is conducive to popularization and application. The low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material has lower density, and therefore, the freight during express delivery can be reduced; the material has higher elasticity, and therefore, the energy during the falling or impact of the material can be better absorbed, and the inner contents are protected; the surface has a more dense and thick surface mycelium layer, and therefore, the material has better wear resistance and hydrophobicity, and can better resist mildew, and meanwhile, the transportation and storage difficulty is reduced; and no non-degradable, toxic and harmful substances are added, the material can be directly returned to the soil to become organic fertilizer, realizes real recycling, and reduces carbon emissions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] Embodiment 1

[0024] A low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material is formed by twisting and drying culture medium to a moisture content of less than 13%; the density of the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material is 60-120 kg / m 3, the mycelium layer on the surface of the buffer material is 5-15mm thick; the culture medium is composed of biological raw materials and fungal species; the biological raw materials are composed of straw materials, first nutritional ingredients, second nutritional ingredients and water; the straw materials include two or more than two of hemp rods, soybean straw, corn straw, wood chips, and fungus residues, and the straw materials are composed of 40-50 parts by mass of hemp rods, 0-30 parts by mass of soybean straw, 0-30 parts by mass of corn straw, 0-40 parts by mass of wood chips, and 0-40 parts by mass of fungus residues; the mass fraction of the hemp rods accounts for 40%-50% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials; the water is added in an amount of 60%-70% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials; the first nutritional ingredients are added in an amount of 10%-30% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials, and the first nutritional ingredients are composed of one or two of wheat bran, corn flour and cassava flour; the second nutritional ingredients are added in an amount of 1%-3% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials, and the second nutritional ingredients are one of soybean powder, polysaccharide powder and bean gum powder; the inoculation amount of the fungal species is 5%-15% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials, the first nutritional ingredients and the water.

[0025] The low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material has low density and high elasticity, and also has good compression strength and bending strength because the surface forms a dense mycelium layer with a thickness of 5-15mm and the internal mycelium grows vigorously; and the hydrophobicity of the material is also obviously improved because the surface layer has a dense mycelium layer, thereby improving the mildew resistance. The degradable biomass buffer material with large elasticity, low density, high compression strength, large bending strength and good mildew resistance can simultaneously consider social benefits and economic benefits of operators when replacing foam packaging materials, and is conducive to popularization and application of the degradable biomass buffer material.

[0026] Preferably, the compression strength of the degradable biomass buffer material is greater than or equal to 150Kpa. The bending strength of the degradable biomass buffer material is greater than or equal to 390Kpa. The impact strength of the degradable biomass buffer material is greater than or equal to 150Kpa. The water absorption rate of the degradable biomass buffer material is less than or equal to 12%. The mildew resistance of the degradable biomass buffer material is greater than or equal to grade II.

[0027] Preferably, the density of the degradable biomass buffer material is 65-100kg / m 3 .

[0028] Preferably, the density of the degradable biomass buffer material is 70-80kg / m 3 .

[0029] Preferably, the fungal species is one of Ganoderma lucidum, Boletus, Agaricus bisporus, which can make the material surface more easily and quickly form a dense and thick mycelium layer, and also make the granular raw materials inside the material more firmly twisted.

[0030] Preferably, the hemp rod is peeled off to facilitate the formation of independent particles. The particle size of the hemp rod is 5-10 mm, the particle size of the soybean straw is 5-10 mm, the particle size of the corn straw is 5-10 mm, the wood chips pass through an 8-mesh sieve, and the mushroom residue passes through an 8-mesh sieve. Under this condition, the straw material can be fully utilized by fungi to grow dense mycelium, and then form a loose solid structure.

[0031] Preferably, the moisture content of the hemp rod, the soybean straw, the corn straw, the wood chips, and the mushroom residue is 7%-13%. Dry straw material is easier to be cut or crushed, and the particle size can be more easily controlled.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A preparation method of a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0034] S1: Mix the straw material uniformly, add water to adjust the moisture content to 60%-70%, and after stacking and fermenting for 12-24 hours, adjust the pH to 6.0-7.0; then add the first nutrient ingredient, mix uniformly, and after high-pressure steam sterilization, obtain a premix;

[0035] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, inoculate the fungal species in a sterile environment to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0036] S3: Place the pre-culture material in an environment with a temperature of 22-28°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first time Culturing for 4-6 days to obtain a mycelium material;

[0037] S4: After crushing the mycelium material, add the second nutrient ingredient, mix uniformly, and fill the mold according to the density of 180 kg / m 3 -300 kg / m 3 After filling the mold, first place it in an environment with a temperature of 14-21°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second time Culturing for 2-4 days to induce mycelium growth inside the straw material; After demolding, then place it in an environment with a temperature of 28-35°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for the third time Culturing for 4-7 days to induce aerial mycelium growth, and obtain a semi-finished product;

[0038] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 6-24h to remove the moisture of the mycelium and maintain the integrity of the aerial mycelium, and then dried in a circulating hot air at 60-80°C until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material as described in Example 1 above. If direct hot air drying is used, the aerial mycelium will be broken, and the obtained material will have poor elasticity and be easy to break.

[0039] The degradable biomass cushioning material prepared by the above method has the properties of high elasticity, low density, high compressive strength, high bending strength, and good mildew resistance.

[0040] Preferably, in the first culture in step S3, the pre-culture material is loaded into a sterile and breathable fungus bag for culture, and a breathable film is arranged on the side wall of the fungus bag. In this way, the surface of the pre-culture material is uniformly covered with mycelium, which is conducive to the formation of a uniform and dense mycelial layer on the surface of the culture material.

[0041] Preferably, in the first culture in step S3, the pre-culture material is completely covered with mycelium, and then the culture is stopped. According to the growth of the mycelium on the surface of the pre-culture material, the culture time of the first culture is selected. Only when the pre-culture material is completely covered with mycelium, a uniform mycelial layer can be formed on the surface of the mycelial material in the subsequent culture.

[0042] Preferably, in the second culture in step S4, the surface of the mycelial material is uniformly covered with white mycelium, and then the culture is stopped. According to the growth of the mycelium on the surface of the mycelial material, the culture time of the second culture is selected. If there is a breakage during demolding, the culture time of the second culture needs to be extended.

[0043] Preferably, in the third culture, the aerial mycelial layer formed on the surface of the mycelial material has a thickness of greater than or equal to 5mm, and then the culture is stopped. According to the growth of the mycelium on the surface of the mycelial material after demolding, the culture time of the third culture is selected. The thickness of the mycelial layer on the surface of the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material is 5-15mm, and the culture time of the third culture can be adjusted according to the need.

[0044] Preferably, in step S5, when the moisture content of the semi-finished product is less than 40%, the semi-finished product is transferred from the circulating cold air environment to the circulating hot air environment. At this time, the mycelium is not easy to break in the circulating hot air environment, and the drying rate is accelerated.

[0045] Preferably, in the step S1, the temperature of the high-pressure steam sterilization is 121-124℃, and the time is 1-2h; in the step S4, the second nutrient component needs to be sterilized at 121-124℃ for 1-2h before being added. The high-pressure steam sterilization can avoid the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, promote the target mycelium to form a uniform, dense and firm kink structure between the straw materials, and form a uniform and dense aerial mycelium layer on the surface of the biological raw material.

[0046] To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present application, the following test examples and comparative examples will be described:

[0047] Test Example 1

[0048] A preparation method of a low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0049] S0: Material preparation: peel the straw, and then dry the straw and soybean straw to a water content of 7%, and crush the particle size to 5-10mm; dry the wood chips to a water content of 7%, and pass through an 8-mesh sieve; take 40 parts by mass of the straw, 30 parts by mass of the soybean straw, and 30 parts by mass of the wood chips as the straw material for standby; take 20 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of corn flour as the first nutrient component for standby; take soybean powder as the second nutrient component for standby according to 3% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the temperature of the high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0050] S1: Mix the straw material uniformly, add water to adjust the water content to 65%, and measure the pH value after stacking and fermenting for 12h; adjust the pH to 7.0 with quicklime; then add the first nutrient component, mix uniformly, and obtain a premix after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of the high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0051] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum spores in an aseptic environment according to 5% of the wet weight of the premix, and obtain a pre-culture material;

[0052] S3: Mix the pre-culture material uniformly, then put it into an aseptic fungus bag with a breathable film, and then place it in an environment with a temperature of 25-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first culture, and the culture time is 4 days, to obtain a mycelium material, and at this time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0053] S4: After the mycelium material is crushed (in the form of particles), the second nutrient component is added, mixed uniformly, and then packed according to 200kg / m 3The mold is filled with the density, and after the mold filling is completed, the mold is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for a second culture for 2 days, and the mycelium is completely wrapped around the mycelium material; after demolding, the mold is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-35°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for a third culture for 7 days, and a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 12mm is obtained;

[0054] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% under a circulating hot air at 60°C to obtain a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 10mm.

[0055] Test Example 2

[0056] A preparation method of a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0057] S0: Material preparation: The bamboo pole is peeled, and then the bamboo pole and the corn straw are dried to a water content of 10%, and the particle size is crushed to 5-10mm; the wood chips are dried to a water content of 10% and passed through an 8-mesh sieve; 40 parts by mass of the bamboo pole, 20 parts by mass of the corn straw, and 40 parts by mass of the fungus residue are taken as the straw material for standby; 10 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of cassava powder are taken as the first nutrient component for standby; according to 3% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, polysaccharide powder is taken as the second nutrient component for standby; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 1.5h;

[0058] S1: The straw material is uniformly mixed, water is added to adjust the water content to 65%, and the pH value is measured after 18h of stacking fermentation, and the pH value is adjusted to 6.0 by using quicklime; then the first nutrient component is added and uniformly mixed, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 1.5h;

[0059] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, the boletus spores are inoculated in a sterile environment according to 10% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain the pre-culture material;

[0060] S3: The pre-culture material is uniformly mixed and then loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 24-28°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for a first culture for 6 days to obtain the mycelium material, and at this time the mycelium material is fully wrapped around the mycelium material;

[0061] S4: after the mycelium is crushed (in the form of particles), a second nutrient component is added, and after being mixed uniformly, the mixture is filled into a mold at a density of 180 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, the mixture is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 14-16°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for a second culture, and the culture time is 3 days, with the mycelium completely wrapping the mycelium material; after demolding, the mixture is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 28-30°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for a third culture, and the culture time is 4 days, to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 7 mm;

[0062] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 6 h, and finally dried under circulating hot air at 60°C until the moisture content is less than 13%, to obtain a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 5 mm.

[0063] Test Example 3

[0064] A method for preparing a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0065] S0: material preparation: the bamboo rods are peeled, and then the bamboo rods and soybean straw are dried to a moisture content of 10%, and are crushed to a particle size of 5-10 mm; the residue is dried to a moisture content of 10% and is passed through an 8-mesh sieve; 50 parts by mass of the bamboo rods, 10 parts by mass of the soybean straw, and 40 parts by mass of the residue are taken as straw material for standby; 20 parts by mass of corn flour and 10 parts by mass of cassava flour are taken as a first nutrient component for standby; polysaccharide powder is taken as a second nutrient component for standby at 1% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, and the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15 MPa, and the time is 2 h;

[0066] S1: the straw material is mixed uniformly, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and the pH value is measured after 24 h of stacking and fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient component is added and mixed uniformly, and after sterilization by high-pressure steam, a premix is obtained; the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15 MPa, and the time is 2 h;

[0067] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, a double-spore mushroom strain is inoculated in a sterile environment at 15% of the wet weight of the premix, to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0068] S3: After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly, it is loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 22-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first time, and the culture time is 4 days to obtain mycelium, at which time the mycelium is covered with mycelium;

[0069] S4: After the mycelium is crushed (in a granular form), the second nutrient component is added, and after being mixed uniformly, it is filled into a mold at a density of 300 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 16-18°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second time, and the culture time is 4 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium; after demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-33°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for the third time, and the culture time is 7 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 10 mm;

[0070] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-22°C for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% under a circulating hot air at 80°C to obtain a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 8mm.

[0071] Test Example 4

[0072] A preparation method of a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushion material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0073] S0: Material preparation: peel the bamboo rods, and then dry the bamboo rods and corn stalks to a water content of 13%, and crush the particle size to 5-10mm; dry the wood chips to a water content of 10% and pass through an 8-mesh sieve; take 50 parts by mass of the bamboo rods, 20 parts by mass of the corn stalks, and 30 parts by mass of the fungus residue as the straw material for standby; take 10 parts by mass of wheat bran and 20 parts by mass of corn flour as the first nutrient component for standby; take bean gum powder as the second nutrient component according to 3% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 1h;

[0074] S1: Mix the straw material uniformly, add water to adjust the water content to 70%, and measure the pH value after 18h of stacking fermentation, and adjust the pH to 7.0 with quicklime; then add the first nutrient component, mix uniformly, and obtain a premix after high-pressure steam sterilization; the sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 1h;

[0075] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum spores at 15% of the wet weight of the premix in a sterile environment to obtain pre-culture material;

[0076] S3: After the pre-culture material is mixed evenly, it is loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 4 days, to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0077] S4: After the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient component is added, mixed evenly, and then filled into a mold at a density of 250kg / m 3 After filling, first place it in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the second culture, with a culture time of 3 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium material; after demolding, then place it in an environment with a temperature of 30-35°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for the third culture, with a culture time of 6 days, to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 15mm;

[0078] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 12h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% under a circulating hot air at 60°C to obtain a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 12mm.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] A method for preparing a degradable biomass cushioning material, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:

[0081] S0: Material preparation: peel the bamboo rods, and then dry the bamboo rods and soybean straw to a moisture content of 13%, and crush the particle size to 5-10mm; dry the wood chips to a moisture content of 13% and pass through an 8-mesh sieve; take 10 parts by mass of bamboo rods, 40 parts by mass of soybean straw, and 50 parts by mass of wood chips as straw material for standby; take 5 parts by mass of wheat bran and 5 parts by mass of corn flour as the first nutrient component for standby; take soybean flour as the second nutrient component at 5% of the total mass fraction of the straw material for standby; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, with a sterilization temperature of 121°C, a pressure of 0.15MPa, and a time of 2h;

[0082] S1: the straw material is mixed uniformly, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 65%, the pH value is measured after 12h of stacking and fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and sterilized by high-pressure steam to obtain a premix; the sterilization temperature by high-pressure steam is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0083] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum strains at 3% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0084] S3: after the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly, it is loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 21-23℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 10 days, to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0085] S4: after the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and filled into a mold at a density of 450kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 21-23℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the second culture, with a culture time of 6 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium material; after demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 21-23℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for the third culture, with a culture time of 8 days, to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 2mm;

[0086] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air at 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 1mm.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] A method for preparing a degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0089] S0: material preparation: peel the hemp stem, and then dry the hemp stem and corn straw to a moisture content of 13%, and crush to a particle size of 5-10mm; dry the fungus residue to a moisture content of 13% and pass through an 8-mesh sieve; take 60 parts by mass of hemp stem, 10 parts by mass of corn straw, and 30 parts by mass of fungus residue as a straw material for standby; take 30 parts by mass of wheat bran and 20 parts by mass of corn flour as a first nutrient ingredient for standby; take polysaccharide powder as a second nutrient ingredient for standby according to 5% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; the second nutrient ingredient is sterilized by high-pressure steam, with a sterilization temperature by high-pressure steam of 121℃, a pressure of 0.15MPa, and a time of 1h;

[0090] S1: the straw material is mixed uniformly, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 70%, the pH value is measured after 12h of stacking and fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the high-pressure steam sterilization temperature is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 1h;

[0091] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, inoculate the boletus fungus strain at 20% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0092] S3: the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly and then placed in a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 24℃-28℃, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for the first time. culture for 3 days to obtain mycelium, at which time the mycelium is covered with mycelium;

[0093] S4: after the mycelium is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and then filled into a mold at a density of 500kg / m 3 After filling, first place it in an environment with a temperature of 24℃-28℃, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for the second time. culture for 5 days, the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium; after demolding, then place it in an environment with a temperature of 24℃-28℃, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000ppm-80000ppm for the third time. culture for 2 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelial layer thickness of 1mm;

[0094] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20℃-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air of 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelial layer thickness of about 0.3mm.

[0095] Comparative Example 3

[0096] A method for preparing a degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps performed in sequence:

[0097] S0: material preparation: the hemp pole is peeled, and then the hemp pole and soybean straw are dried to a water content of 13%, and the particle size is crushed to 5mm-10mm; the residue is dried to a water content of 13%, and is passed through an 8-mesh sieve; 40 parts by mass of hemp pole, 30 parts by mass of soybean straw, and 30 parts by mass of residue are taken as straw material for standby; 20 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of corn flour are taken as the first nutrient component for standby; according to 5% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, soybean powder is taken as the second nutrient component for standby; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0098] S1: the straw material is uniformly mixed, water is added to adjust the water content to 65%, and the pH value is measured after stacking and fermenting for 12h; the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient component is added and uniformly mixed, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0099] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, 5% of the wet weight of the premix is inoculated with ganoderma lucidum spores to obtain pre-culture material;

[0100] S3: the pre-culture material is uniformly mixed and then placed in a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first time Cultivation for 4 days to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0101] S4: after the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient component is added, uniformly mixed, and then filled into a mold at a density of 400kg / m 3 After demolding, the third culture is carried out in an environment with a temperature of 25℃-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000ppm-80000ppm for 8 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 3mm;

[0102] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20℃-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a water content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air at 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 1.5mm.

[0103] Comparative Example 4

[0104] A preparation method of a degradable biomass buffer material, comprising the following steps executed in sequence:

[0105] S0: material preparation: the hemp pole is peeled, and then the hemp pole and soybean straw are dried to a water content of 13%, and the particle size is crushed to 5mm-10mm; the residue is dried to a water content of 13% and passed through an 8-mesh sieve; 20 parts by mass of hemp pole, 40 parts by mass of soybean straw and 40 parts by mass of residue are taken as straw material for standby; 5 parts by mass of cassava powder and 5 parts by mass of corn powder are taken as the first nutrient component for standby; according to 5% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, soybean powder is taken as the second nutrient component for standby; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121 DEG C, the pressure is 0.15 MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0106] S1: the straw material is uniformly mixed, water is added to adjust the water content to 65%, and the pH value is measured after stacking and fermenting for 18h; the pH value is adjusted to 7.0 by using quicklime; then the first nutrient component is added and uniformly mixed, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121 DEG C, the pressure is 0.15 MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0107] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, 15% of the wet weight of the premix is inoculated with the double-spore fungus strain to obtain the pre-culture material;

[0108] S3: the pre-culture material is uniformly mixed and then loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 22 DEG C-26 DEG C, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for the first time Cultivation for 12 days to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0109] S4: after the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient component is added, uniformly mixed, and then filled into a mold with a density of 300kg / m 3 After the mold filling is completed, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 16 DEG C-18 DEG C, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for the second time Cultivation for 6 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium material; after demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 20 DEG C-23 DEG C, a relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000ppm-80000ppm for the third time Cultivation for 4 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 0mm;

[0110] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20 DEG C-30 DEG C for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air of 60 DEG C to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material without a surface mycelium layer.

[0111] Comparative Example 5

[0112] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Test Example 1 is that the straw material is composed of 10 parts by mass of hemp stem, 45 parts by mass of soybean straw, and 45 parts by mass of wood chips.

[0113] After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly in the S3 step, it is loaded into a fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 4 days, to obtain mycelium material. Due to the increase in fine material, the air permeability of the pre-culture material decreases, the pre-culture material inside the fungus cannot germinate, and the mycelium inside the pre-culture material hardly grows. The mycelium that grows on the surface of the pre-culture material spreads and grows, and cannot be operated subsequently.

[0114] Comparative Example 6

[0115] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Test Example 4 is that the straw material is composed of 70 parts by mass of hemp stem, 10 parts by mass of corn straw, and 20 parts by mass of fungus residue.

[0116] After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly in the S3 step, it is loaded into a fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 4 days. Due to the increase in the proportion of hemp stem granular material, the amount of fine material decreases, and the difficulty of mycelium utilizing fiber material increases, so that the mycelium material only has a small amount of mycelium. By extending the culture time, the mycelium material can only have mycelium on the surface, and the internal material has almost no mycelium, so that subsequent operations cannot be performed.

[0117] Comparative Example 7

[0118] The difference between Comparative Example 7 and Test Example 4 is that the first nutrient component is composed of 40 parts by mass of wheat bran and 40 parts by mass of corn flour.

[0119] After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly in the S3 step, it is loaded into a fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 4 days. Due to the high proportion of added nutrient components, the mycelium material rapidly ferments and becomes acidic, and the mycelium cannot grow, so that subsequent operations cannot be performed.

[0120] Comparative Example 8

[0121] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Test Example 4 is that the first nutrient component is composed of 4 parts by mass of wheat bran and 5 parts by mass of corn flour.

[0122] After the pre-culture material is mixed evenly in S3, it is loaded into a fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first culture, with a culture time of 4 days, to obtain mycelium material. The mycelium material has a small amount of mycelium, cannot completely wrap the material, has fine mycelium, and a large amount of fine aerial mycelium appears. A small amount of material in the pre-culture material does not have mycelium growth, and cannot be operated subsequently.

[0123] Comparative Example 9

[0124] Comparative Example 9 differs from Test Example 3 in that the second nutrient component is added in an amount of 0.5%.

[0125] In S4, the mycelium material is crushed (into granules), and the second nutrient component is added. The second nutrient component is polysaccharide powder added in an amount of 0.5%. After mixing evenly, the material is filled into a mold at a density of 300 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 16-18°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, with a culture time of 4 days. Because the content of the added nutrient component is small, the mycelium still cannot completely wrap the mycelium material. After demolding, the product has cracks and cannot be shaped.

[0126] Comparative Example 10

[0127] Comparative Example 10 differs from Test Example 4 in that the second nutrient component is added in an amount of 4%.

[0128] In S4, the mycelium material is crushed (into granules), and the second nutrient component is added. The second nutrient component is soybean gum powder added in an amount of 4%. After mixing evenly, the material is filled into a mold at a density of 250 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, with a culture time of 3 days. The mycelium grows in a small amount, the material is sour, and after demolding, the product is loose and cannot be shaped.

[0129] Comparative Example 11

[0130] Comparative Example 11 differs from Test Example 1 in that the hemp rods and soybean straw are crushed to a particle size of 15-20 mm, and the wood chips are particles greater than an 8-mesh sieve but smaller than a 7-mesh sieve.

[0131] After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly in S3, it is loaded into a bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the first culture, and after 4 days of culture, the mycelium is sparse and cannot completely cover the pre-culture material. The culture time is extended to 10 days, and the mycelium completely covers the material.

[0132] In S4, the mycelium in S3 needs to be broken into granules, but after 10 days of growth, the mycelium is knotted and cannot be dispersed into granules, so the subsequent operation cannot be performed.

[0133] Comparative Example 12

[0134] Comparative Example 12 and Test Example 2 differ in that, when filling the mold, the density of the filling is 170 kg / m 3 .

[0135] After the mycelium is broken (into granules) in S4, a second nutrient component is added, and after mixing uniformly, the density of the filling is 170 kg / m 3 . After filling is completed, the material is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 14-16°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, and after 3 days of culture, the mycelium completely covers the mycelium.

[0136] When demolding is performed, the surface mycelium of the material has obvious pores, and after the mold is removed, the material has obvious damage and incomplete structure. The subsequent operation cannot be continued.

[0137] Comparative Example 13

[0138] Comparative Example 13 and Test Example 3 differ in that, when filling the mold, the density of the filling is 310 kg / m 3 .

[0139] After the mycelium is broken (into granules) in S4, a second nutrient component is added, and after mixing uniformly, the density of the filling is 310 kg / m 3 . After filling is completed, the material is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 16-18°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, and after 4 days of culture, the mycelium completely covers the mycelium. After demolding, the material is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-33°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for the third culture, and after 7 days of culture, a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 3 mm is obtained.

[0140] The thickness of the surface mycelium of the semi-finished product at the end of the culture is only 3 mm, because the filling density is high, which leads to weak growth of the internal mycelium during the second culture, and then the surface mycelium cannot grow better after the third culture.

[0141] The semi-finished product is placed under the circulating cold air at 20-22°C for 24 h, and finally dried under the circulating hot air at 80°C until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain the degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 1 mm. The thickness of the surface mycelium of the finished product is only 1 mm, which leads to poor hydrophobicity and mildew resistance of the finished product. The final density of the test material is 132 kg / m 3 , which is increased by 10% compared with 120 kg / m 3 , which will make the transportation cost higher.

[0142] Comparative Example 14

[0143] The difference between Comparative Example 14 and Test Example 1 is that the culture temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide content of the second culture and the third culture are the same as those of the first culture.

[0144] In the S4 step, the mycelium is crushed (in the form of particles) and the second nutrient component is added, and after uniform mixing, the filling is performed at a density of 200 kg / m 3 . After filling, the semi-finished product is placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, and the culture time is 2 days. The mycelium is completely wrapped around the mycelium, but the surface mycelium is overgrown, and the mycelium is fine. After demolding, the surface mycelium is flat, and the internal mycelium is weak. Then, the third culture is carried out in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm, and the culture time is 7 days, to obtain a semi-finished product without a surface mycelium layer.

[0145] The semi-finished product at the end of the culture has no surface mycelium, because the second culture temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, which leads to overgrowth of the surface mycelium during the second culture, and the internal mycelium grows weakly, and then the surface mycelium cannot grow after the third culture.

[0146] S5: The semi-finished product is placed under the circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 24 h, and finally dried under the circulating hot air at 60°C until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain a low-density degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer.

[0147] The finished product has no surface mycelium layer, and the internal mycelium is weak and fragile, which leads to poor hydrophobicity and mildew resistance of the finished product. The physical properties are also much worse than those of Test Example 1.

[0148] Comparative Example 15

[0149] The difference between Comparative Example 15 and Test Example 1 is that the culture temperature of the second culture is the same as that of the first culture.

[0150] The second nutrient component is added after the mycelium is broken (in granular form) in the S4 step, and after being mixed uniformly, the density is filled into the mold at 200 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, and the culture time is 2 days. The mycelium completely wraps the mycelium, but the surface mycelium is overgrown, and the mycelium is fine. After demolding, the surface mycelium is prostrate, and the internal mycelium is weak. After demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-35°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for the third culture, and the culture time is 7 days. The product obtained has an aerial mycelium layer of 15 mm, but the mycelium is fine, and the product as a whole presents the color of the material. When picked up, it is loose and broken, and not shaped.

[0151] Comparative Example 16

[0152] The difference between Comparative Example 16 and Test Example 1 is that the culture temperature of the third culture is the same as that of the first culture.

[0153] The second nutrient component is added after the mycelium is broken (in granular form) in the S4 step, and after being mixed uniformly, the density is filled into the mold at 200 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, it is placed in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for the second culture, and the culture time is 2 days. The mycelium completely wraps the mycelium. After demolding, it is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26°C, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000 ppm for the third culture, and the culture time is 7 days. The semi-finished product obtained has a surface mycelium layer thickness of 2 mm. Because the third culture temperature is low, the surface aerial mycelium cannot grow rapidly upward, and part of the mycelium differentiates primordia, and the appearance is poor.

[0154] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 24 h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% under a circulating hot air at 60°C to obtain a low-density degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 0.5 mm, but the surface has many primordia, and the product has poor aesthetics.

[0155] Comparative Example 17

[0156] The difference between Comparative Example 17 and Test Example 1 is that the carbon dioxide concentration of the third culture is the same as that of the first culture.

[0157] After the mycelium is broken up (into granules) in step S4, a second nutrient component is added, mixed evenly, and then filled into a mold at a density of 200 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, the product is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of 80% or more, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for a second culture, for 2 days, and the mycelium completely covers the mycelium material. After demolding, the product is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-35°C, a relative humidity of 80% or more, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for a third culture, for 7 days. Because the low concentration of carbon dioxide cannot inhibit the differentiation of the mycelium to produce primordia and produce fruiting bodies in a high-temperature environment, the product surface can be found to have yellowish clumps of mycelium, and the product surface quality is poor.

[0158] Comparative Example 18

[0159] Comparative Example 18 differs from Test Example 1 in that the carbon dioxide concentration for the second culture is the same as the carbon dioxide concentration for the third culture.

[0160] After the mycelium is broken up (into granules) in step S4, a second nutrient component is added, mixed evenly, and then filled into a mold at a density of 200 kg / m 3 After the mold is filled, the product is first placed in an environment with a temperature of 19-21°C, a relative humidity of 80% or more, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for a second culture, for 2 days, and the mycelium completely covers the mycelium material. After demolding, the product is then placed in an environment with a temperature of 30-35°C, a relative humidity of 80% or more, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for a third culture, for 7 days. Because the low concentration of carbon dioxide cannot inhibit the differentiation of the mycelium to produce primordia and produce fruiting bodies in a high-temperature environment, the product surface can be found to have yellowish clumps of mycelium, and the product surface quality is poor.

[0161] Comparative Example 19

[0162] Comparative Example 19 differs from Test Example 1 in that the circulating cold air environment is canceled, and the product is directly placed in a circulating hot air environment for drying.

[0163] S5: The semi-finished product is directly dried in a circulating hot air environment at 60°C until the moisture content is less than 13%, resulting in the mycelium on the product surface being shriveled and clumped, and the mycelium being completely prostrate, and unable to form a dense mycelium layer.

[0164] Comparative Example 20

[0165] Comparative Example 20 differs from Test Example 1 in that the product is first dried in an environment with a temperature of 31-33°C, and then placed in a circulating hot air environment for drying.

[0166] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed under circulating cold air at 31-33°C for 24h, the product surface layer mycelium continues to grow rapidly and differentiate, and part of the product surface mycelium differentiates into primordia, producing yellow spots; finally, it is dried under circulating hot air at 60°C until the moisture content is less than 13%, obtaining a low-density degradable biomass buffer material with uneven surface and poor aesthetics.

[0167] Comparative Example 21

[0168] Comparative Example 21 and Test Example 2 differ in that the moisture content of the degradable material after circulating hot air drying is 21%.

[0169] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed under circulating cold air at 20-30°C for 24h, and finally dried under circulating hot air at 60°C until the moisture content is less than 21%, obtaining a low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 10mm.

[0170] The obtained product has high water content, reduced compression strength, is easy to absorb environmental moisture in the daily storage environment, and has a shorter product shelf life and is prone to mold contamination.

[0171] Comparative Example 22

[0172] The degradable material is prepared according to the method of patent CN106148199B, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0173] (1) Preparation of liquid strain

[0174] The preferred Pleurotus eryngii mother strain is inoculated into a liquid culture medium and shaken at 200rpm for 3 days. The Pleurotus eryngii mother strain culture medium is PDA medium (potato dextrose agar medium), and the specific formula is: potato 200g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 1.5g, water 1000mL, pH 6.0. The components of the liquid culture medium are 3 parts by mass of sucrose, 3 parts by mass of corn powder, 3 parts by mass of wheat bran, 0.2 parts by mass of yeast powder, 0.1 parts by mass of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 parts by mass of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 parts by mass of calcium sulfate, 0.05 parts by mass of zinc sulfate, 90 parts by mass of water, and pH 6.0.

[0175] (2) Preparation of agricultural and forestry waste medium

[0176] The 25 parts of sawdust, 30 parts of cottonseed hulls, 30 parts of wheat bran, and 15 parts of rice chaff are respectively pulverized to 40-50 mesh, and mixed to obtain an agricultural and forestry waste medium.

[0177] (3) Addition of substrate nutrient solution

[0178] To the agroforestry waste medium prepared in step (2), a substrate nutrient solution with 2.3 times the mass of the agroforestry waste medium is added; the components of the substrate nutrient solution are: 3 parts of sucrose, 3 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of wheat bran, 0.4 parts of yeast powder, 0.25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.05 parts of calcium sulfate, 0.05 parts of zinc sulfate, and 90 parts of water.

[0179] (4) Molding and sterilization

[0180] The agroforestry waste medium with the added substrate nutrients is placed in a mold with excellent sealing, and the size and shape of the mold can be designed according to requirements, and then it is placed in an autoclave for moist heat sterilization, and the sterilization conditions are: 121.3°C, 103.4kPa, for 25min.

[0181] (5) Inoculation and culture

[0182] The liquid strain cultured in the shake flask is inoculated into the sterilized agroforestry waste medium, and then the inoculated agroforestry waste medium is moved into a constant temperature incubator for culture, with a culture temperature of 26°C and a culture time of 5 days.

[0183] (6) Demolding and regrowth

[0184] The agroforestry waste medium with mycelium in step (5) is taken out of the mold in a sterile environment, and the formed agroforestry waste medium with mycelium is cultured for another 2 days under the original conditions to obtain an agroforestry waste medium with the surface completely covered with white mycelium.

[0185] (7) Drying

[0186] The agroforestry waste medium with the surface completely covered with mycelium in step (6) is subjected to drying and dehydration treatment to obtain a degradable buffer material; the drying and dehydration treatment conditions are: a drying temperature of 80°C in the first half, a drying temperature of 45°C in the second half, and a drying time of 72h.

[0187] Comparative Example 23

[0188] A degradable material is prepared according to the types and proportions of straw materials of patent CN107383388B and the method of Test Example 1.

[0189] S0: Material preparation: 58 parts by mass of palm fiber, palm residue, and 42 parts by mass of wheat straw are taken as straw materials for standby; 20 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of corn flour are taken as the first nutrient component for standby; according to 3% of the total mass fraction of the straw materials, soybean meal is taken as the second nutrient component for standby; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam, and the high-pressure steam sterilization temperature is 121°C, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0190] S1: The straw material is mixed uniformly, and water is added to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and the pH value is measured after 12h of stacking fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient ingredient is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a premix after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0191] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum spores at 5% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0192] S3: The pre-culture material is mixed uniformly and then placed in a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first culture, and the culture time is 10 days to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0193] S4: After the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient ingredient is added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and filled into a mold, and the minimum filling density can only be 450kg / m 3 After filling, first place in an environment with a temperature of 19-21℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the second culture, and the culture time is 2 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium material; after demolding, then place in an environment with a temperature of 30-35℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for the third culture, and the culture time is 7 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 1mm;

[0194] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air at 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 0.3mm.

[0195] Comparative Example 24

[0196] The degradable material is prepared according to the type and proportion of straw material of patent CN106633989B and the method of test example 1.

[0197] S0: Material preparation: 93 parts by mass of sugarcane residue and 7 parts by mass of rice straw are taken as straw materials for standby; 20 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of corn flour are taken as the first nutrient ingredient for standby; according to 3% of the total mass of the straw material, soybean powder is taken as the second nutrient ingredient for standby; the second nutrient ingredient is sterilized by high-pressure steam, and the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0198] S1: Mix the straw materials evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, pile and ferment for 12 hours, measure the pH value, and adjust the pH to 7.0 with quicklime; then add the first nutrient, mix evenly, and sterilize by high pressure steam to obtain the premix; the temperature of high pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2 hours.

[0199] S2: After the premix is ​​cooled to room temperature, Ganoderma lucidum strain is inoculated at 5% of the wet weight of the premix under sterile conditions to obtain pre-culture material;

[0200] S3: After the pre-culture material is mixed evenly, it is put into a sterile bag with a breathable membrane, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃-26℃, a relative humidity of ≥60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of ≤700ppm for the first culture. The culture time is 15 days to obtain mycelial material, at which time the mycelial material is covered with mycelium.

[0201] S4: After crushing the mycelial material (into granules), add the second nutrient, mix evenly, and then apply at 200 kg / m³. 3 After filling the mold, the substrate was first placed in an environment with a temperature of 19℃-21℃, relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for a second cultivation period of 2 days. During this period, the mycelium could not completely cover the mycelial material. The cultivation period was then extended to 10 days. After demolding, the substrate was placed in an environment with a temperature of 30℃-35℃, relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and carbon dioxide concentration of 30000ppm-80000ppm for a third cultivation period of 7 days. Even then, no surface mycelial layer was found.

[0202] S5: The semi-finished product obtained from S4 is first placed under circulating cold air at 20℃-30℃ for 24 hours, and finally dried under circulating hot air at 60℃ until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain biodegradable biomass buffer material.

[0203] Comparative Example 25

[0204] Biodegradable materials were prepared according to the types and proportions of straw materials specified in patent CN105292758B and the method described in Example 1.

[0205] S0: Material preparation: Take 50 parts by weight of corn stalks and 50 parts by weight of wheat stalks as straw materials for later use; take 20 parts by weight of wheat bran and 10 parts by weight of corn flour as the first nutrient component for later use; take 3% of the total mass of straw materials as soybean flour as the second nutrient component for later use; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam at a temperature of 121℃, a pressure of 0.15MPa, and a time of 2 hours.

[0206] S1: Mix the straw materials evenly, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, pile and ferment for 12 hours, measure the pH value, and adjust the pH to 7.0 with quicklime; then add the first nutrient, mix evenly, and sterilize by high pressure steam to obtain the premix; the temperature of high pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2 hours.

[0207] S2: After the premix is ​​cooled to room temperature, Ganoderma lucidum strain is inoculated at 5% of the wet weight of the premix under sterile conditions to obtain pre-culture material;

[0208] S3: After the pre-culture material is mixed evenly, it is put into a sterile bag with a breathable membrane, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25℃-26℃, a relative humidity of ≥60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of ≤700ppm for the first culture. The culture time is 8 days to obtain mycelial material, at which time the mycelial material is covered with mycelium.

[0209] S4: After crushing the mycelial material (into granules), add the second nutrient, mix evenly, and then apply at 200 kg / m³. 3 After filling the mold, place it in an environment with a temperature of 19℃-21℃, relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for a second cultivation period of 2 days. The mycelium cannot completely cover the mycelial material. Extend the cultivation period to 5 days. After demolding, place it in an environment with a temperature of 30℃-35℃, relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, and carbon dioxide concentration of 30000ppm-80000ppm for a third cultivation period of 5 days. If there is still no surface mycelial layer, but yellow patches have appeared, the cultivation is ended.

[0210] S5: The semi-finished product obtained from S4 is first placed under circulating cold air at 20℃-30℃ for 24 hours, and finally dried under circulating hot air at 60℃ until the moisture content is less than 13% to obtain biodegradable biomass buffer material.

[0211] Comparative Example 26

[0212] Biodegradable materials were prepared according to the types and proportions of straw materials specified in patent CN106633991A and the method described in Experimental Example 1.

[0213] S0: Material preparation: Take 53 parts by weight of wheat straw, 29 parts by weight of mulberry sawdust, and 18 parts by weight of sugarcane bagasse as straw materials for later use; take 20 parts by weight of wheat bran and 10 parts by weight of corn flour as the first nutrient component for later use; take 3% of the total mass of straw materials as soybean flour as the second nutrient component for later use; the second nutrient component is sterilized by high-pressure steam at a temperature of 121℃, a pressure of 0.15MPa, and a time of 2 hours.

[0214] S1: the straw material is mixed uniformly, water is added to adjust the moisture content to 65%, the pH value is measured after 12h of stacking fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0215] S2: after the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum spores at 5% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0216] S3: the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly and then placed in a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first time. Cultured for 10 days to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium material is covered with mycelium;

[0217] S4: after the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and then placed in a sterile environment at a temperature of 20-25℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the second time. Cultured for 2 days, the mycelium cannot completely wrap the mycelium material; extend the culture time to 6 days, after demolding, then place in an environment with a temperature of 30-35℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for the third time. Cultured for 6 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 1mm; 3

[0218] S5: the semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air of 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 0.4mm.

[0219] Comparative Example 27

[0220] The degradable material is made according to the type and proportion of straw material of patent CN106752013A and the method of test example 1.

[0221] S0: material preparation: take 72 parts by mass of corn cob and 28 parts by mass of palm kernel meal as straw material for standby; take 20 parts by mass of wheat bran and 10 parts by mass of corn flour as the first nutrient ingredient for standby; take soybean powder as the second nutrient ingredient according to 3% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; the second nutrient ingredient is sterilized by high-pressure steam, the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0222] ​S1: The straw material is mixed uniformly, and water is added to adjust the moisture content to 65%, and the pH value is measured after 12h of stacking fermentation, and the pH is adjusted to 7.0 with quicklime; then the first nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and the premix is obtained after high-pressure steam sterilization; the temperature of high-pressure steam sterilization is 121℃, the pressure is 0.15MPa, and the time is 2h;

[0223] S2: After the premix is cooled to room temperature, in a sterile environment, inoculate Ganoderma lucidum spores at 5% of the wet weight of the premix to obtain a pre-culture material;

[0224] S3: After the pre-culture material is mixed uniformly, it is loaded into a sterile fungus bag with a breathable film, and then placed in an environment with a temperature of 25-26℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the first time. Cultivation time is 10 days to obtain mycelium material, at which time the mycelium is covered with mycelium;

[0225] S4: After the mycelium material is crushed (in granular form), the second nutrient ingredient is added, mixed uniformly, and filled into a mold with a minimum filling density of 500kg / m 3 After filling, first place in an environment with a temperature of 19-21℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700ppm for the second time. Cultivation time is 2 days, and the mycelium completely wraps the mycelium material; after demolding, then place in an environment with a temperature of 30-35℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 80%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 30000-80000ppm for the third time. Cultivation time is 15 days to obtain a semi-finished product with a surface mycelium layer thickness of 1mm;

[0226] S5: The semi-finished product is first placed in a circulating cold air at 20-30℃ for 24h, and finally dried to a moisture content of less than 13% at a circulating hot air at 60℃ to obtain a degradable biomass buffer material with a surface mycelium layer thickness of about 0.4mm.

[0227] Comparative Example 28

[0228] EPS foam.

[0229] The materials obtained according to the above test examples and comparative examples were tested for performance, and the results are shown in Table 1:

[0230] Table 1 Physical property results comparison table

[0231]

[0232] Note: The mildew resistance is divided according to GB / T 4768-2008 national standard.

[0233] The bending property is determined according to GB / T 8812-2007 (rigid foam plastic).

[0234] Compressive performance was determined according to GB / T 8813-2020 (Rigid Foamed Plastics).

[0235] Water absorption test method: place the material in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 70°C and a relative humidity of 95% for 48h to test the water absorption rate of the material;

[0236] Water absorption rate = (product weight after water absorption - original product weight) ÷ original product weight x 100%

[0237] Drop test was performed on the degradable biomass buffer materials obtained in Test Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4 according to GB / T 4857.5-1992. GB / T 4857.18-1992 recommends a drop height of 10cm-120cm. To illustrate the drop effect of different mycelium layer thicknesses, the drop height was set at four gradients of 30cm, 60cm, 90cm and 120cm, with a drop of 1 angle, 3 sides and 6 faces. To facilitate the display of the damage to the contents, the contents were set as 3mm thick glass cups.

[0238] Test results: all the materials passed the test at a drop height of 30cm; at a drop height of 60cm, the glass cups in the packaging materials of Comparative Examples 1-4 were broken to varying degrees, while the glass cups in the packaging materials of Test Examples 1-4 were intact; at a drop height of 90cm, the glass cups in the packaging materials of Test Examples 2 and 3 were cracked, while the glass cups in the packaging materials of Test Examples 1 and 4 were intact; at a drop height of 120cm, the glass cups in the packaging materials of Test Examples 1 and 4 were still intact.

[0239] Therefore, it can be seen that the thicker the surface mycelium layer is, the higher the elasticity is, the better the cushioning performance is, and the better the protection of the contents is.

[0240] It can be seen from the specific embodiments of the description that the degradable biomass buffer materials made by changing multiple components, mold filling density, environmental conditions, culture time and other conditions in Comparative Examples 1-4 are inferior to the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material obtained by the present application in terms of density, surface mycelium thickness, impact strength, water absorption and mildew resistance. Comparative Examples 5-12, Comparative Example 15 and Comparative Example 18 cannot make degradable biomass buffer materials by changing a single component, condition or step. Comparative Examples 13-14 and Comparative Examples 16-17 can make degradable biomass buffer materials by changing a single component, condition or step, but all physical performance parameters of the obtained materials are inferior to the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material obtained by the present application. Although the degradable biomass materials made by changing the drying method or condition in Comparative Example 19 and Comparative Example 20 have no significant differences in physical performance, they have the disadvantages of mycelium lodging and primordium differentiation affecting the appearance. The degradable biomass buffer material obtained in Comparative Example 21 has a high final moisture content, and the water absorption and mildew resistance are inferior to the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material obtained by the present application. Compared with the material in Comparative Example 22, the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material obtained by the present application has a density that is 48.73%-69.54% lighter, a mycelium thickness that is increased by 471%-1188%, an impact strength that is increased by 81.36%-137.2%, and a water absorption that is reduced by 38.37%-65.04%. Compared with the three kinds of degradable materials made by changing the types of straw materials in Comparative Examples 23-27, the low-density and high-elasticity degradable material obtained by the present application has a mycelium layer thickness that is increased by 1630% to 3803% in a shorter production cycle. Compared with the EPS foam buffer material in Comparative Example 28, the performance of the low-density and high-elasticity degradable material obtained by the present application can also meet the requirements of buffer packaging, and it is more environmentally friendly.

[0241] Therefore, the degradable biomass buffer material product of the present application has the characteristics of low density, high elasticity, thick mycelium and good mildew resistance.

[0242] In summary, the present application provides a low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material and a preparation method thereof. By improving the preparation method, a degradable biomass buffer material with a dense mycelium layer of 5-15 mm thick on the surface, vigorous growth of internal mycelium, a density of 60-120 Kg / m 3The low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material has the characteristics of high elasticity, low density, high compression strength, high bending strength and good mildew resistance, and when the low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material is used to replace foam packaging materials, the social benefits and the economic benefits of the operators can be considered at the same time, and the application of the degradable biomass buffer material is facilitated; the low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material has lower density, so that the freight in the express transportation process can be reduced; the low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material has higher elasticity, so that the energy in the falling or impacting process of the goods can be better absorbed, and the inner contents are protected; the surface has denser and thicker surface mycelium, so that the wear resistance and hydrophobicity are better, mildew can be better prevented, and the transportation and storage difficulty is reduced; and no non-degradable, toxic and harmful substances are added, the low-density high-elasticity degradable biomass buffer material can be directly returned to the soil to become organic fertilizer, the circulation in the true sense is realized, and carbon emission is reduced.

[0243] Here, the first, second, and the like only represent the differentiation of the names, and do not represent any difference in importance and position.

[0244] The above only describes the embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the patent range of the present application, and any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation, or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields, which is made by using the content of the present application, is also included in the patent protection range of the present application.

Claims

1. A low density, high elasticity, degradable biomass cushioning material, characterized by, Formed after the growth of the culture medium is twisted and dried to a moisture content of less than 13%; the density of the low-density, high-elasticity, degradable biomass cushioning material is 60-120 kg / m 3 The thickness of the mycelium layer on the surface of the cushioning material is 5-15 mm; the culture medium is composed of biological raw materials and fungal species; The biological raw material is composed of straw material, first nutrient component, second nutrient component and water; The straw material comprises two or more of hemp stem, soybean straw, corn straw, wood chips and fungus residue, and is composed of 40-50 parts by mass of hemp stem, 0-30 parts by mass of soybean straw, 0-30 parts by mass of corn straw, 0-40 parts by mass of wood chips and 0-40 parts by mass of fungus residue; the mass fraction of the hemp stem accounts for 40%-50% of the total mass fraction of the straw material; and the water is added in an amount of 60%-70% of the total mass fraction of the straw material. The first nutrient component is added in an amount of 10%-30% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, and is composed of one or two of wheat bran, corn flour and cassava flour; and the second nutrient component is added in an amount of 1%-3% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, and is one of soybean powder, polysaccharide powder and bean gum powder. The inoculation amount of the fungal strain is 5%-15% of the total mass fraction of the straw material, the first nutrient component and the water.

2. The low density, high resilience, degradable biomass cushioning material of claim 1, wherein, The fungal strain is one of ganoderma lucidum, boletus and agaricus bisporus.

3. The low-density, high-resilience, degradable biomass cushioning material of claim 1 or 2, wherein, The hemp stem is peeled hemp stem, the particle size of the hemp stem is 5-10 mm, the particle size of the soybean straw is 5-10 mm, the particle size of the corn straw is 5-10 mm, the wood chips pass through an 8-mesh sieve, and the fungus residue passes through an 8-mesh sieve.

4. The low density, high resilience, degradable biomass cushioning material of claim 3, wherein, The water content of the hemp stem, the soybean straw, the corn straw, the wood chips and the fungus residue is 7%-13%.

5. A method for producing a low-density, high-elasticity, degradable biomass cushioning material, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps executed in sequence: S1: uniformly mixing the straw material, adding water to adjust the water content to 60%-70%, and then adjusting the pH to 6.0-7.0 after stacking and fermenting for 12-24 h; then adding the first nutrient component and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix after high-pressure steam sterilization; S2: inoculating the premix in a sterile environment after cooling to room temperature to obtain a pre-culture material; S3: culturing the pre-culture material in a sterile and breathable bag at a temperature of 22-28℃, a relative humidity of greater than or equal to 60% and a carbon dioxide concentration of less than 700 ppm for 4-6 days to obtain a mycelium material; S4: after crushing the mycelium, adding the second nutrient component, mixing uniformly, filling the mold according to the density of 180kg / m 3 -300kg / m 3 After filling the mold, first placing in the environment with the temperature of 14℃-21℃, the relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, the carbon dioxide concentration less than 700ppm for the second culture, the culture time being 2-4 days; after demolding, then placing in the environment with the temperature of 28℃-35℃, the relative humidity greater than or equal to 80%, the carbon dioxide concentration being 30000ppm-80000ppm for the third culture, the culture time being 4-7 days, obtaining the semi-finished product; S5: placing the semi-finished product in circulating cold air at 20-30℃ for 6-24 h, and finally drying the semi-finished product in circulating hot air at 60-80℃ until the water content is less than 13% to obtain the low-density and high-elasticity degradable biomass cushioning material according to any one of claims 1-4.

6. The method for preparing the low-density, high-elasticity biodegradable biomass cushioning material as described in claim 5, characterized in that, In the first culture in step S3, the pre-culture material is cultured in a sterile and breathable bag, and a breathable film is arranged on the side wall of the bag.

7. The method for producing a low-density, high-resilience degradable biomass cushioning material according to claim 5 or 6, wherein In the first culture in step S3, the culture can be stopped after the pre-culture material is completely covered with mycelium.

8. The method for preparing the low-density, high-elasticity biodegradable biomass cushioning material as described in claim 7, characterized in that, In the second culture in step S4, the culture can be stopped after the surface of the mycelium material is uniformly covered with white mycelium; and in the third culture, the culture can be stopped after the thickness of the aerial mycelium layer formed on the surface of the mycelium material is greater than or equal to 5 mm.

9. The method for preparing the low-density, high-elasticity biodegradable biomass cushioning material as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In the step S5, when the moisture content of the semi-finished product is less than 40%, the semi-finished product is transferred from the circulating cold air environment to the circulating hot air environment.

10. The method for preparing the low-density, high-elasticity biodegradable biomass buffer material as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In the step S1, the temperature of the high-pressure steam sterilization is 121-124℃, and the time is 1-2h; in the step S4, the second nutritional ingredient needs to be sterilized at 121-124℃ for 1-2h before being added.

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