An optical system for laser beam shaping

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of optical systems for laser beam shaping, including gradient refractive index glass structure piece, the cylindrical body in the middle of the gradient refractive index glass structure piece, one end is wedge angle surface, the other end is convex cylindrical surface, the wedge angle surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure piece is towards laser light source, single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is divided into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching wedge angle surface, laser beam is converged into collimated light beam from divergence in gradient refractive index glass structure piece to reach convex cylindrical surface, and convex cylindrical surface focuses collimated light beam, and two laser beams with a certain angle are focused and superimposed simultaneously, to realize the shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser. The optical system is simple in structure, small in size and low in realization cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser radar, in particular to an optical system for laser beam shaping. BACKGROUND

[0002] Since the advent of laser, it has been applied in many fields such as optical communication, medical treatment, industry and other fields due to its excellent monochromaticity, divergence angle, high power density and many other advantages. With the continuous development of autonomous driving technology, domestic and foreign research institutions and companies have carried out research on vehicle-mounted imaging laser radar. Vehicle-mounted laser radar should be suitable for vehicle-mounted characteristics, small size, light weight, suitable for use on vehicles; the peak power of the emitted laser is high, which can achieve a long ranging distance; high precision and low cost are required to meet the requirements of mass production. High-performance laser radar greatly improves the perception ability of the vehicle, effectively avoids traffic hazards, and at the same time, autonomous driving reduces travel costs and effectively avoids traffic accidents caused by human error, and enjoys a better safe and convenient travel experience. In the past year or two, with the mass production of vehicle-mounted laser radar, autonomous driving has accelerated evolution, which has driven the expansion of laser radar production, and the expansion of mass production will drive the price of laser radar to fall.

[0003] The exit beam of some existing laser radars uses multiple lasers (such as 128 lasers), and the lasers of each laser are collimated and then exit, and each collimated beam forms a certain angle (such as 25°) and exits. Laser radars using this method have high cost and large size. The self-focusing lens made of graded refractive index material has two flat end faces and is mainly used in optical passive devices (such as laser coupling, fiber coupling, optical isolator, optical wavelength division multiplexer, etc.) for optical communication and imaging fields such as endoscopes. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an optical system for laser beam shaping, which has simple structure, small size and low implementation cost.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is: an optical system for laser beam shaping, comprising a graded refractive index glass structure, the middle part of the graded refractive index glass structure is a cylinder, one end is a wedge angle surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface, the wedge angle surface of the graded refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source, the single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is divided into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge angle surface, and the laser beams start to converge into collimated beams in the graded refractive index glass structure, the convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beams, and the two laser beams with a certain angle are focused and superimposed at the same time, thereby realizing the shaping of the original Gaussian distributed laser.

[0006] Further, the graded-index glass structure is a one-piece structure, and the entire graded-index glass structure is made of graded-index glass.

[0007] Further, the graded-index glass structure is composed of a front end part with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylindrical body, and a rear end part with a convex cylindrical surface, the middle cylindrical body is made of graded-index glass, and the front end part and the rear end part are made of optical glass or graded-index glass.

[0008] Further, the laser source is a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser, or a solid-state laser, or a single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from a single-mode fiber end face after being coupled into the single-mode fiber.

[0009] Further, the convex cylindrical surface can be replaced by a concave cylindrical surface to diverge the collimated light beam.

[0010] Further, the single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from a single-mode fiber end face, the laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and NA=0.09.

[0011] The distance d between the single-mode fiber end face and the top of the wedge angle surface is 0.87 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylindrical body is 12.5°, the length L of the entire graded-index glass structure is 3.68 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 0.56 mm.

[0012]

[0013] wherein:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are the calculation dispersion coefficients, B=1.6032, C=0.00814, K0=0.3287, K1=0.005364, and K2=0.0002626.

[0017] Further, the single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from a single-mode fiber end face, the laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and NA=0.09.

[0018] The distance d between the light emitting end face of the single-mode optical fiber and the top of the wedge angle face is 1.57 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle face and the cross section of the cylinder is 35.0°, the length L1 of the front end part is 0.63 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylinder is 2.48 mm, the length L3 of the rear end part is 0.80 mm, and the curvature radius R of the convex cylindrical face is 0.56 mm;

[0019] The front end part and the rear end part are made of optical glass with a mark of H-K9L, the d light refractive index Nd of which is 1.5168, and the Abbe number Vd is 64.20; the middle cylinder is made of graded refractive index glass, and the refractive index equation of the graded refractive index glass is as follows:

[0020]

[0021] Wherein:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] Wherein, n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all the calculation dispersion coefficients, B=1.6032, C=0.00814, K0=0.3287, K1=0.005364, and K2=0.0002626.

[0025] Further, the single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and NA=0.09.

[0026] The distance d between the light emitting end face of the single-mode optical fiber and the top of the wedge angle face is 1.48 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle face and the cross section of the cylinder is 30.0°, the length L1 of the front end part is 0.52 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylinder is 2.65 mm, the length L3 of the rear end part is 0.80 mm, and the curvature radius R of the convex cylindrical face is 1.00 mm;

[0027] The front end part and the rear end part are made of optical glass with a mark of H-K9L, the d light refractive index Nd of which is 1.5168, and the Abbe number Vd is 64.20; the middle cylinder is made of graded refractive index glass, and the refractive index equation of the graded refractive index glass is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] Wherein:

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axial center, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are the calculated dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0033] Further, the single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and NA = 0.09.

[0034] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode optical fiber and the top of the wedge angle face is 1.17 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle face and the cross section of the cylinder is 20.0°, the length L1 of the front end portion is 0.33 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylinder is 3.08 mm, the length L3 of the rear end portion is 0.80 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical face is 0.95 mm.

[0035] The front end portion and the rear end portion are made of optical glass with a brand of H-K9L, the d-light refractive index Nd of which is 1.5168, and the Abbe number Vd of which is 64.20; and the middle cylinder is made of graded-index glass, the refractive index equation of which is as follows:

[0036]

[0037] wherein:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axial center, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are the calculated dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0041] Further, the graded-index glass structure is composed of a cylinder and a rear end portion connected to the cylinder, the front end of the cylinder has a wedge angle face, and the rear end of the rear end portion has a convex cylindrical face.

[0042] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550 nm, and NA = 0.09.

[0043] The distance d between the light emitting end face of the single-mode optical fiber and the top of the wedge angle face is 1.99 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle face and the cross section of the cylinder is 15.0°, the length L1 of the cylinder is 5.29 mm, the length L2 of the rear end part is 1.00 mm, and the curvature radius R of the convex cylindrical face is 1.45 mm;

[0044] The rear end part is made of optical glass with a brand H-ZLaF4LA, the d light refractive index Nd of which is 1.9108, and the Abbe number Vd is 35.25; and the cylinder is made of graded refractive index glass, and the refractive index equation of the graded refractive index glass is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Wherein:

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Wherein, n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all the calculation dispersion coefficients, B=1.6107, C=0.0098, K0=0.1973, K1=0.003723, and K2=3.96E-06.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the optical system for laser beam shaping has the following beneficial effects: the optical system for laser beam shaping is mainly composed of a graded refractive index glass structure, which is provided with a wedge angle face near one end of a laser beam and a convex cylindrical face at the other end, the shaping of the laser beam is realized through a simple structure design, the volume is small, the realization cost is low, the problems of high cost and large volume of the laser radar in the prior art are solved, and the optical system has strong practicability and broad application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 is the optical system structure front view of the embodiment of the application;

[0052] Figure 2 is the optical system structure top view of the embodiment of the application;

[0053] Figure 3 is the optical system schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the application;

[0054] Figure 4 is the optical system example data diagram of the first embodiment of the application;

[0055] Figure 5 is the angle two-dimensional distribution diagram of the light emitting intensity in the first embodiment of the application;

[0056] Figure 6 is the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment one of the present application;

[0057] Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the optical system in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0058] Figure 8 is the example data diagram of the optical system in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0059] Figure 9 is the two-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0060] Figure 10 is the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment two of the present application;

[0061] Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of the optical system in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0062] Figure 12 is the example data diagram of the optical system in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0063] Figure 13 is the two-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0064] Figure 14 is the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment three of the present application;

[0065] Figure 15 is the schematic diagram of the optical system in the embodiment four of the present application;

[0066] Figure 16 is the example data diagram of the optical system in the embodiment four of the present application;

[0067] Figure 17 is the two-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment four of the present application;

[0068] Figure 18 is the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment four of the present application;

[0069] Figure 19 is the schematic diagram of the optical system in the embodiment five of the present application;

[0070] Figure 20 is the example data diagram of the optical system in the embodiment five of the present application;

[0071] Figure 21 is the two-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment five of the present application;

[0072] Figure 22 is the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in the embodiment five of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0074] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0075] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0076] like Figure 1 、 2 As shown, this embodiment provides an optical system for laser beam shaping, including a gradient refractive index glass structure 1, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is a cylinder, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is divided into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. In the gradient refractive index glass structure, the laser beam converges from divergence to become a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. Along the cylindrical direction, the convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser, which can produce a uniformly distributed line laser and can also adjust the angular distribution of the light intensity as needed.

[0077] In this embodiment, the gradient index glass structural member can be an integrated structure, with the entire gradient index glass structural member being composed of gradient index glass. The gradient index glass structural member can also be composed of a front end portion having a wedge-shaped surface, a middle cylindrical portion, and a rear end portion having a convex cylindrical surface, wherein the middle cylindrical portion is composed of gradient index glass, and the front and rear ends are composed of optical glass or gradient index glass. The gradient index glass structural member can also be composed of a cylinder and a rear end portion, wherein the front end of the cylinder has a wedge-shaped surface, the rear end of the rear end portion has a convex cylindrical surface, the cylinder is composed of gradient index glass, and the rear end portion is composed of optical glass or gradient index glass.

[0078] In this embodiment, the laser light source may be a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser, or a solid-state laser. Alternatively, the laser may be coupled into a single-mode optical fiber, and a single-mode Gaussian laser beam may be emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber.

[0079] In the embodiment, the convex cylindrical surface can be replaced by a concave cylindrical surface to diverge the collimated light beam, and a line spot can also be generated.

[0080] Embodiment One

[0081] The optical system for laser beam shaping provided by Embodiment One is shown in Figure 3 、 4 . In Embodiment One, the graded-index glass structure 101 is a one-piece structure.

[0082] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam formed by the laser source 2 is emitted from the end face of the single-mode fiber, with a wavelength of 1550 nm and NA = 0.09.

[0083] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 0.87 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 12.5°, the length L of the entire graded-index glass structure is 3.68 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 0.56 mm.

[0084] The entire graded-index glass structure 101 is composed of graded-index glass, and the refractive index equation of the graded-index glass is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] wherein:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are the calculation dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0090] Table 1 Main parameters of Embodiment One

[0091]

[0092] The two-dimensional angular distribution and the one-dimensional angular distribution of the light intensity in Embodiment One are shown in Figure 5 、 6 .

[0093] Embodiment Two

[0094] The optical system for laser beam shaping provided by Embodiment Two is shown in Figure 7 ,8 In Example Two, the graded-index glass structure is composed of a front end portion 201 with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylindrical body 202, and a rear end portion 203 with a convex cylindrical surface.

[0095] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam formed by the laser source 2 is emitted from the end face of the single-mode fiber, with a laser wavelength of 1550 nm and NA = 0.09.

[0096] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.57 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylindrical body is 35.0°, the length L1 of the front end portion is 0.63 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylindrical body is 2.48 mm, the length L3 of the rear end portion is 0.80 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 0.56 mm.

[0097] The front end portion 201 and the rear end portion 203 are composed of optical glass with a brand of H-K9L, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.20. The middle cylindrical body 202 is composed of graded-index glass, and the refractive index equation of the graded-index glass is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] wherein:

[0100]

[0101]

[0102] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all calculation dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0103] Table 2 Main parameters of Example Two

[0104]

[0105] The angle two-dimensional distribution and the angle one-dimensional distribution of the light intensity in Example Two are shown in Figure 9 , 10 respectively.

[0106] Example Three

[0107] The optical system for laser beam shaping provided in Example Three is shown in Figure 11 , 12The gradient-index glass structure in Example Three is composed of a front end part 301 with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylinder 302, and a rear end part 303 with a convex cylindrical surface.

[0108] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam formed by the laser source 2 is emitted from the end face of the single-mode fiber, with a laser wavelength of 1550 nm and NA = 0.09.

[0109] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.48 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 30.0°, the length L1 of the front end part is 0.52 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylinder is 2.65 mm, the length L3 of the rear end part is 0.80 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 1.00 mm.

[0110] The front end part 301 and the rear end part 303 are composed of optical glass with a brand of H-K9L, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.20. The middle cylinder 302 is composed of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of the gradient-index glass is as follows:

[0111]

[0112] wherein:

[0113]

[0114]

[0115] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all the calculation dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0116] Table 3 Main parameters of Example Three

[0117]

[0118] The angle two-dimensional distribution and the angle one-dimensional distribution of the light intensity in Example Three are shown in Figure 13 , 14 respectively.

[0119] Example Four

[0120] The optical system for laser beam shaping provided in Example Four is shown in Figure 15 , 16The gradient-index glass structure in Example Four is composed of a front end 401 with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylinder 402, and a rear end 403 with a convex cylindrical surface.

[0121] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam formed by the laser source 2 is emitted from the end face of the single-mode fiber, with a laser wavelength of 1550 nm and NA = 0.09.

[0122] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.17 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 20.0°, the length L1 of the front end is 0.33 mm, the length L2 of the middle cylinder is 3.08 mm, the length L3 of the rear end is 0.80 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 0.95 mm.

[0123] The front end 401 and the rear end 403 are composed of optical glass with a brand of H-K9L, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.20. The middle cylinder 402 is composed of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of the gradient-index glass is as follows:

[0124]

[0125] wherein:

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] wherein n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all calculation dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

[0129] Table 4 Main parameters of Example Four

[0130]

[0131] The angle two-dimensional distribution and the angle one-dimensional distribution of the light intensity in Example Four are shown in Figure 17 , 18 and

[0132] Example Five

[0133] The optical system for laser beam shaping provided in Example Five is shown in Figure 19 , 20As shown in Fig. 5. In Example V, the gradient-index glass structure consists of a cylinder 501 with a wedge angle surface at the front end and a rear end portion 502 with a convex cylindrical surface at the rear end.

[0134] The single-mode Gaussian laser beam formed by the laser source 2 is emitted from the end face of the single-mode fiber, with a laser wavelength of 1550 nm and NA = 0.09;

[0135] The distance d between the end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.99 mm, the wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 15.0°, the length L1 of the cylinder is 5.29 mm, the length L2 of the rear end portion is 1.00 mm, and the radius of curvature R of the convex cylindrical surface is 1.45 mm;

[0136] The rear end portion 502 is made of optical glass with a brand of H-ZLaF4LA, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.9108 and an Abbe number Vd = 35.25. The cylinder 501 is made of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of the gradient-index glass is as follows:

[0137]

[0138] Wherein:

[0139]

[0140]

[0141] Wherein, n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, K2 are all the calculation dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6107, C = 0.0098, K0 = 0.1973, K1 = 0.003723, and K2 = 3.96E-06.

[0142] Table 5 Main parameters of Example V

[0143]

[0144] The angle two-dimensional distribution and the angle one-dimensional distribution of the light intensity in Example V are shown in Figs. 6 and 7, respectively. Figure 21 、 22

[0145] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in other forms. Any skilled person in the art can modify or change the above disclosed technical content to equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made on the basis of the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiments still falls within the protection scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. An optical system for laser beam shaping, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gradient refractive index glass structure, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is cylindrical, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is split into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. The laser beam converges from divergence in the gradient refractive index glass structure into a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. The convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser light. The gradient refractive index glass structure is an integrated structure, and the entire gradient refractive index glass structure is composed of gradient refractive index glass; The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550nm, and NA=0.09; The distance between the light-emitting end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is d = 0.87 mm. The wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 12.5°. The length of the entire graded-index glass structure is L = 3.68 mm. The radius of curvature of the convex cylindrical surface is R = 0.56 mm. The refractive index equation of the graded-index glass is as follows: in: Where n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength. B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are all calculated dispersion coefficients: B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

2. An optical system for laser beam shaping, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gradient refractive index glass structure, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is cylindrical, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is split into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. The laser beam converges from divergence in the gradient refractive index glass structure into a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. The convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser light. The gradient refractive index glass structure is composed of a front end with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylinder and a rear end with a convex cylindrical surface, wherein the middle cylinder is made of gradient refractive index glass, and the front end and the rear end are made of optical glass; The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550nm, and NA=0.09; The distance d between the light-emitting end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.57 mm. The wedge angle θ formed by the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 35.0°. The length of the front end is L1 = 0.63 mm, the length of the middle cylinder is L2 = 2.48 mm, the length of the rear end is L3 = 0.80 mm, and the curvature radius R of the convex cylindrical surface is 0.56 mm. The front and rear ends are made of H-K9L optical glass, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.

20. The central cylinder is made of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of gradient-index glass is as follows: in: Where n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength. B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are all calculated dispersion coefficients: B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

3. An optical system for laser beam shaping, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gradient refractive index glass structure, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is cylindrical, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is split into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. The laser beam converges from divergence in the gradient refractive index glass structure into a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. The convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser light. The gradient refractive index glass structure is composed of a front end with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylinder and a rear end with a convex cylindrical surface, wherein the middle cylinder is made of gradient refractive index glass, and the front end and the rear end are made of optical glass; The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550nm, and NA=0.09; The distance d between the light-emitting end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.48 mm. The wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 30.0°. The length of the front end is L1 = 0.52 mm. The length of the middle cylinder is L2 = 2.65 mm. The length of the rear end is L3 = 0.80 mm. The radius of curvature of the convex cylindrical surface is R = 1.00 mm. The front and rear ends are made of H-K9L optical glass, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.

20. The central cylinder is made of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of gradient-index glass is as follows: in: Where n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength. B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are all calculated dispersion coefficients: B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

4. An optical system for laser beam shaping, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gradient refractive index glass structure, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is cylindrical, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is split into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. The laser beam converges from divergence in the gradient refractive index glass structure into a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. The convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser light. The gradient refractive index glass structure is composed of a front end with a wedge angle surface, a middle cylinder and a rear end with a convex cylindrical surface, wherein the middle cylinder is made of gradient refractive index glass, and the front end and the rear end are made of optical glass; The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550nm, and NA=0.09; The distance d between the light-emitting end face of the single-mode fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.17 mm. The wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 20.0°. The length of the front end is L1 = 0.33 mm. The length of the middle cylinder is L2 = 3.08 mm. The length of the rear end is L3 = 0.80 mm. The radius of curvature of the convex cylindrical surface is R = 0.95 mm. The front and rear ends are made of H-K9L optical glass, with a d-light refractive index Nd = 1.5168 and an Abbe number Vd = 64.

20. The central cylinder is made of gradient-index glass, and the refractive index equation of gradient-index glass is as follows: in: Where n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength. B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are all calculated dispersion coefficients: B = 1.6032, C = 0.00814, K0 = 0.3287, K1 = 0.005364, and K2 = 0.0002626.

5. An optical system for laser beam shaping, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gradient refractive index glass structure, wherein the middle portion of the gradient refractive index glass structure is cylindrical, one end is a wedge-angled surface, and the other end is a convex cylindrical surface. The wedge-angled surface of the gradient refractive index glass structure faces the laser light source. The single-mode Gaussian laser beam emitted by the laser light source is split into two laser beams with a certain angle after reaching the wedge-angled surface. The laser beam converges from divergence in the gradient refractive index glass structure into a collimated beam and reaches the convex cylindrical surface. The convex cylindrical surface focuses the collimated beam. The two laser beams with a certain angle are simultaneously focused and superimposed, thereby achieving shaping of the original Gaussian distribution laser light. The gradient refractive index glass structure is composed of a cylinder and a rear end connected together, the front end of the cylinder has a wedge angle surface, and the rear end of the rear end has a convex cylindrical surface; The single-mode Gaussian laser beam is emitted from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber, the laser wavelength is 1550nm, and NA=0.09; The distance d between the light-emitting end face of the single-mode optical fiber and the top of the wedge angle surface is 1.99 mm. The wedge angle θ between the wedge angle surface and the cross section of the cylinder is 15.0°. The length of the cylinder is L1 = 5.29 mm. The length of the rear end is L2 = 1.00 mm. The radius of curvature of the convex cylindrical surface is R = 1.45 mm. The rear end portion is made of optical glass of the brand H-ZLaF4LA, whose d-light refractive index Nd=1.9108 and Abbe number Vd=35.25; the cylinder is made of gradient refractive index glass, and the refractive index equation of gradient refractive index glass is as follows: in: Where n is the refractive index, n0 is the axial refractive index, A is the square of the refractive index distribution constant, r is the distance from the axis, and λ is the wavelength; B, C, K0, K1, and K2 are all calculated dispersion coefficients, B = 1.6107, C = 0.0098, K0 = 0.1973, K1 = 0.003723, and K2 = 3.96E-06.

6. An optical system for laser beam shaping according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The laser light source adopts a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser or a solid laser, or couples the laser into a single-mode optical fiber and emits a single-mode Gaussian laser beam from the end face of the single-mode optical fiber.

7. An optical system for laser beam shaping according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The convex cylindrical surface may also be replaced by a concave cylindrical surface to diverge the collimated light beam.

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