A method for early cultivation of a late-mature yellow-green apple variety in facilities

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of late-maturing yellow-green apple variety facilities early planting methods, the application focuses on solving Venus gold, green water rhyme and so on late-maturing yellow-green variety facilities planting conditions, by selecting reasonable planting mode, timely shed temperature rise, scientific regulation and control of ground temperature and air temperature and humidity in different periods of facilities, flower and fruit management and fruit quality improvement technology, etc., through facilities and supporting cultivation technology innovation, so that late-maturing apple varieties such as Venus gold can bloom early in facilities, mature about 90 days earlier, and the fruit quality can reach the standard of normal open-field cultivation, solving the problem of lack of high-quality and high-grade yellow-green fruit products from July to October, and providing more high-end fruit products for consumers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology, specifically relating to a method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in facilities. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, yellow-green varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme, which mature in late October to early November, have been very popular with consumers, commanding high prices and experiencing strong market demand, resulting in extremely high planting profits. However, these varieties generally have poor storability and need to be sold by the end of May of the following year, leaving a market gap for high-end yellow-green apple varieties from June to October. Early-maturing greenhouse cultivation can promote earlier maturity and market availability of greenhouse-grown fruits. Early-maturing greenhouse cultivation of high-end late-maturing yellow-green varieties such as Venus Gold, achieving earlier flowering, fruit set, and market availability, has significant market development potential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in facilities.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in protected environments, comprising the following steps:

[0005] 1) Plan the garden site and plant seedlings. Design the garden according to the spacing of 1m*3m between rows and plants. Dig planting trenches 60cm deep and 60cm wide along the rows. Lay breathable square bricks on both sides of the planting trenches. Mix the excavated soil and bio-organic fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio and backfill. Water and compact the soil. Select 3-year-old dwarf self-rooted rootstock seedlings with branches for planting. Plant the seedlings at a spacing of 1m.

[0006] 2) Choose the time to cover the tree with a greenhouse to raise the temperature. 20 days before covering the tree with a greenhouse, lay a black film in the tree basin and cover it with straw mats. When covering the tree with a greenhouse, the soil temperature can rise to 12~13℃. Cover the tree until before bud break. Keep the daytime temperature at 18~20℃ and the nighttime temperature at no lower than 3~5℃. From bud break to full bloom, keep the daytime temperature at 20~22℃ and the nighttime temperature at no lower than 5~7℃. Through temperature control management, flower buds will sprout in late January and enter the initial flowering period in early February.

[0007] 3) Flower and fruit management to promote apple fruit setting. Artificial pollination is used during the initial peak flowering period to promote fruit setting. 30 days after the flowers fall, artificial fruit thinning is carried out, leaving one fruit per inflorescence. After spraying the whole greenhouse of fruit trees with fungicide twice, the fruit is bagged. One month after bagging, the flower bud differentiation period begins. Two applications of topdressing fertilizer are applied to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation in the tree.

[0008] 4) Fruit ripening period management: After entering June, remove the greenhouse film and hang a shade net above the greenhouse. From 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, use the high-pole micro-sprinkler system inside the greenhouse to spray water to reduce the temperature inside the canopy and maintain a day-night temperature difference of 10-12℃ to promote the accumulation of sugar in the fruit.

[0009] 5) Fruit harvesting and post-harvest tree management: From the end of July to the beginning of August, harvest the fruit in bags at the appropriate time according to its sugar content and flavor. Apply base fertilizer immediately after harvesting to promote nutrient accumulation in the plant and control pests and diseases. At the end of October, spray the leaves with a 1-2% urea solution to promote leaf drop and nutrient return.

[0010] Specifically, the late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties are Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme. Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme are mutual pollinators, with a cultivation ratio of 1 to 3:1. The tree shape is a short, compact, high spindle shape.

[0011] Specifically, the park is equipped with cement frames, integrated water and fertilizer facilities, and high-pole micro-sprinkler systems.

[0012] Specifically, the temperature control for fruit bagging is maintained at 22-25℃ during the day and 10-12℃ at night to promote fruit development.

[0013] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1) By using facility-based early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme, the greenhouse is covered and heated in early January, flowering and fruit setting occur in early February, fruit thinning and bagging are carried out in early March, and the fruit can be ripe and marketed from the end of July to the beginning of August. This is about 3 months earlier than open-field cultivation, and the market development prospects are good.

[0015] 2) By using techniques such as setting up shade nets and high-pole micro-sprinkler systems, the adverse effects of high temperatures in June and July on fruit trees can be reduced;

[0016] 3) Through proper shaping and pruning, and topdressing, the quality of fruits grown in greenhouses can be effectively improved, fully meeting the market demand of consumers for high-end apples such as Venus Gold. The selling price of each kilogram of apples is over 30 yuan, and the income of each mu of greenhouse apples is over 100,000 yuan. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The invention will now be described in further detail.

[0018] A method for promoting early cultivation of a late-maturing yellow-green apple variety in protected environments includes the following steps:

[0019] 1) Scientifically plan the orchard and plant seedlings. Design the orchard according to a 1m*3m spacing between rows and plants. Dig planting trenches 60cm deep and 60cm wide along the rows, paving the sides of the trenches with breathable square bricks to restrict root growth. Mix the excavated soil with organic fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio and backfill, then water to settle. Select 3-year-old dwarf self-rooted seedlings with branches for planting, spacing them 1m apart. Varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme can cross-pollinate, with a planting ratio of 1-3:1. Install cement frames, integrated water and fertilizer facilities, and high-pole micro-sprinkler systems in the orchard, adopting a short, compact, high spindle shape for the trees.

[0020] 2) Scientifically select the time for covering the trees with insulation and appropriately raise the temperature. In northern regions and the Tibet Autonomous Region, leaf fall generally begins in mid-November, and by early January, the chilling requirements of yellow-green apple varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme can be met. Insulation blankets should then be added, and the temperature inside the greenhouse should be raised. Twenty days before covering the trees with insulation, a black film should be laid in the tree basin and covered with straw mats. When covering the trees, the soil temperature will rise to around 12-13℃. From the time of covering until bud break, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 18-20℃, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 3-5℃. From bud break to full bloom, the daytime temperature should be controlled at 20-22℃, and the nighttime temperature should not be lower than 5-7℃. Through temperature control management, flower buds will sprout in late January and enter the initial flowering stage in early February.

[0021] 3) Proper flower and fruit management to promote apple fruit set. The greenhouse environment is relatively enclosed; artificial pollination is used during the initial peak flowering period to promote fruit set. Thirty days after flowering, in early March, manual fruit thinning is performed, leaving only one fruit per inflorescence. After spraying the entire greenhouse with fungicide twice, the fruit is bagged. During this period, daytime temperatures are controlled at 22-25℃ and nighttime temperatures at 10-12℃ to promote fruit development. About one month after bagging, the greenhouse plants enter the flower bud differentiation period; therefore, two applications of fertigation fertilizer are necessary to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation.

[0022] 4) Fruit ripening period management. Late-ripening yellow-green apple varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme have a development period of approximately 180 days. With greenhouse early-ripening cultivation, the fruit can ripen by late July or early August. This coincides with summer in northern regions, with high daytime temperatures and small diurnal temperature differences. After June, the greenhouse film can be removed, and shade netting can be hung above the greenhouse. From 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM, use a high-pole micro-sprinkler system inside the greenhouse to spray mist water, lowering the temperature within the canopy and maintaining a diurnal temperature difference of approximately 10-12°C, thus promoting sugar accumulation in the fruit.

[0023] 5) Fruit harvesting and post-harvest tree management. From late July to early August, harvest the fruit in its bags at the appropriate time, depending on its sugar content and flavor. Apply base fertilizer immediately after harvesting to promote nutrient accumulation in the plant and implement scientific pest and disease control. At the end of October, spray the leaves with a 1-2% urea solution to promote leaf drop and nutrient return.

[0024] The key technical points of this invention are as follows:

[0025] First, we adopt facility-based root-limited cultivation and supporting facilities such as temperature control, high-pole micro-sprinklers, and shade nets to control tree size and regulate the temperature and humidity of the air and soil within the facility.

[0026] Secondly, the timing of greenhouse covering and temperature increase should be reasonably controlled. Greenhouse covering and temperature increase should begin in early January. By adjusting the daytime and nighttime temperature and humidity, it can be ensured that the greenhouse apple trees can flower normally in early February. Using scientific pollination techniques, the fruit set rate of the greenhouse apple trees can reach over 80%. Fruit thinning and bagging should be carried out in early March, along with scientific and reasonable topdressing to ensure fruit development and flower bud differentiation.

[0027] Third, after entering July, by shading and spraying water on the tree canopy, the temperature inside the canopy is reduced, the temperature difference between day and night is increased, sugar accumulation and fruit ripening are promoted, so that the fruit can be harvested at the end of July and the beginning of August.

[0028] Fourth, apply base fertilizer immediately after fruit harvest to promote nutrient accumulation in the plant and carry out scientific pest and disease control; spray the leaves with a 1-2% urea solution at the end of October to promote leaf drop and nutrient return.

[0029] This invention focuses on addressing the challenges of greenhouse cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green varieties such as Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme. Through the selection of appropriate planting models, timely greenhouse heating, scientific control of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity at different stages, flower and fruit management, and fruit quality improvement techniques, this invention utilizes greenhouse facilities and innovative supporting cultivation technologies to enable late-maturing apple varieties like Venus Gold to flower earlier and mature approximately 90 days earlier within greenhouses. The resulting fruit quality meets the standards of normal open-field cultivation, solving the problem of a shortage of high-quality yellow-green fruit from July to October and providing consumers with more premium fruit options.

[0030] This invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Anyone should know that any structural changes made under the guidance of this invention, and any technical solutions that are the same as or similar to this invention, fall within the protection scope of this invention.

[0031] The technologies, shapes, and structures not described in detail in this invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early cultivation of a late-maturing yellow-green apple variety in protected environments, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Plan the garden site and plant seedlings. Design the garden according to the spacing of 1m*3m between rows and plants. Dig planting trenches 60cm deep and 60cm wide along the rows. Lay breathable square bricks on both sides of the planting trenches. Mix the excavated soil and bio-organic fertilizer in a 2:1 ratio and backfill. Water and compact the soil. Select 3-year-old dwarf self-rooted rootstock seedlings with branches for planting. Plant the seedlings at a spacing of 1m. 2) Choose the right time to cover the tree with a greenhouse to raise the temperature. 20 days before covering the tree with a greenhouse, lay a black film in the tree basin and cover it with straw mats. When covering the tree with a greenhouse, the soil temperature will rise to 12-13℃. Keep the greenhouse covered until before bud break. Maintain the daytime temperature at 18-20℃ and the nighttime temperature at 3-5℃. From bud break to full bloom, control the daytime temperature at 20-22℃ and the nighttime temperature at 5-7℃. Through temperature control management, flower buds will sprout in late January and enter the initial flowering period in early February. 3) Flower and fruit management to promote apple fruit setting. Artificial pollination is used during the initial peak flowering period to promote fruit setting. 30 days after the flowers fall, artificial fruit thinning is carried out, leaving one fruit per inflorescence. After spraying the whole greenhouse of fruit trees with fungicide twice, the fruit is bagged. One month after bagging, the flower bud differentiation period begins. Two applications of topdressing fertilizer are applied to promote fruit development and flower bud differentiation in the tree. 4) Fruit ripening period management: After entering June, remove the greenhouse film and hang a shade net above the greenhouse. From 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, use the high-pole micro-sprinkler system inside the greenhouse to spray water to reduce the temperature inside the canopy and maintain a day-night temperature difference of 10-12℃ to promote the accumulation of sugar in the fruit. 5) Fruit harvesting and post-harvest tree management: From the end of July to the beginning of August, harvest the fruit in bags at the appropriate time according to its sugar content and flavor. Apply base fertilizer immediately after harvesting to promote nutrient accumulation in the plant and control pests and diseases. At the end of October, spray the leaves with a 1-2% urea solution to promote leaf drop and nutrient return.

2. The method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in protected facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties are Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme. Venus Gold and Green Water Rhyme are mutual pollinators, with a cultivation ratio of 1 to 3:

1. The tree shape is a short, compact, high spindle shape.

3. The method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in protected facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The park is equipped with cement frames, integrated water and fertilizer facilities, and high-pole micro-sprinkler systems.

4. The method for promoting early cultivation of late-maturing yellow-green apple varieties in protected facilities according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature control for fruit bagging is to maintain a daytime temperature of 22-25℃ and a nighttime temperature of 10-12℃ to promote fruit development.