Sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leaf vegetable high-efficiency planting method

Abstract

The present application relates to a high-efficiency planting method of green leaf vegetables in sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate, comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of mushroom residue substrate; S2, preparation and tray loading of multi-layer mushroom residue substrate, loading mushroom residue substrate to 4cm thick in the bottom layer of the cultivation tray, and then loading 3cm thick grass charcoal mixed substrate; S3, cultivation of green leaf vegetables by using mushroom residue substrate cultivation system; S4, water and fertilizer operation, artificial management and harvesting; S5, returning of multi-layer mushroom residue substrate to field. The high-efficiency planting method of green leaf vegetables in sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate can realize crop fixed-point management, fixed-point water and fertilizer irrigation, fixed-point disease and pest control, clean greenhouse environment, comfortable working conditions for workers, convenient product picking, high working efficiency and reduced labor quantity in the management area. The multi-layer cultivation bed skeleton is arranged in the greenhouse, the multi-layer cultivation bed is placed, and the excellent heat preservation performance of the greenhouse can promote the harvesting of more than one crop of green leaf vegetables per year, thereby improving the yield per unit area of the greenhouse from the aspects of staggered layers and multiple crops.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leaf vegetable high-efficiency planting method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Green leaf vegetables contain rich vitamins, fibers and trace elements, have the advantages of promoting bone growth, reducing blood lipids, delaying aging, enhancing immunity, high nutritional value and low heat, in recent years, with the improvement of public health consciousness, people's demand for green leaf vegetables has increased substantially, and the vegetable consumption in China has maintained a steady growth trend in recent years.

[0003] However, planting is still mainly produced by urban and suburban farmers in soil planting mode, and during growth, livestock manure and chemical fertilizers are mainly used for irrigation, and the planting process mainly relies on manual operation of simple machine equipment, which not only has low labor efficiency, but also the planted green leaf vegetables are not safe and delicious, and a large amount of land is occupied, and the traditional green leaf vegetable planting mode cannot meet the demand, and the root system of green leaf vegetables is not as thick as that of crops such as eggplant and tomato, and the plant is relatively small, so that the planting space requirement is reduced, so that green leaf vegetables can be planted by potting in the room, and the existing planting device is basically divided into two kinds, one is a single-layer structure in the form of a circle or S-shaped flow line, since the structure is relatively complex, it is not easy to set up multiple layers, and the other is to make a lot of layered shelves, and workers use ladders to manage each layer, which has low automation, is unsafe for workers to climb up and down, and is easy to cause pollution in the planting system.

[0004] At the same time, the current cultivation method has the problems of large cost, high disease incidence and difficulty in utilizing mushroom residue waste. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leaf vegetable high-efficiency planting method.

[0006] The technical scheme solved by the present application is:

[0007] The sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leaf vegetable high-efficiency planting method comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1, preparation of mushroom residue substrate

[0009] The mushroom stick or mushroom residue is crushed into 3-5mm particles, high-temperature biomass is carbonized in a carbonization tank, and after carbonization, it is put into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation and post-ripening to become pure mushroom residue substrate, 1000kg of pure mushroom residue substrate is mixed with 1-5kg of compound fertilizer, 500kg of vermiculite, 120kg of matured cake fertilizer and 4-8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to form a mixture;

[0010] S2, Preparation and tray of the double-layered mushroom residue substrate

[0011] The mushroom residue substrate is filled into the bottom layer of the cultivation tray to a thickness of 4 cm, and then 3 cm thick grass charcoal mixed substrate is filled in, wherein the grass charcoal mixed substrate is mixed by grass charcoal, vermiculite and perlite, and the mixing ratio of the grass charcoal, vermiculite and perlite is 3:1:1.

[0012] S3, Cultivation of green leaf vegetables by using the mushroom residue substrate cultivation system

[0013] The multiple cultivation trays are placed in the cultivation bed, the two ends of the seed-containing rope knitted by the knitting machine are tied with knots with a diameter greater than 5 mm, and the seed-containing rope is embedded in the double-layered mushroom residue substrate in each cultivation tray in an S-shaped reciprocating manner.

[0014] The mushroom residue substrate cultivation system comprises a sunlight greenhouse, and the sunlight greenhouse has a planting area, two irrigation areas and a working area. The planting area is provided with at least two cultivation bed skeletons, and the cultivation bed skeleton comprises a horizontally arranged rectangular frame and a first conveying mechanism arranged in the rectangular frame. The irrigation area is provided with a lifting mechanism and a spraying mechanism. The lifting mechanism comprises a vertical guide frame, a lifting frame in guiding cooperation with the vertical guide frame, a second conveying mechanism arranged in the lifting frame, and a speed reducer arranged at the top of the irrigation area and connected to the two sides of the lifting frame through a steel wire rope. The spraying mechanism comprises a hanger arranged below the speed reducer and a plurality of groups of spray heads arranged below the hanger. The irrigation areas are respectively arranged on the two sides of the planting area, and the working area is located outside one of the irrigation areas.

[0015] The multiple cultivation beds are placed on the first conveying mechanism, sprayed once, and then placed on the cultivation bed skeleton through the first conveying mechanism.

[0016] S4, Water and fertilizer operation, artificial management and harvesting

[0017] The first conveying mechanism conveys the cultivation bed to the second conveying mechanism, the lifting frame is raised along the vertical guide frame to below the spraying mechanism for water and fertilizer operation, the lifting frame is lowered along the vertical guide frame to the front of the working area for artificial management and harvesting operation, and then conveyed to another cultivation bed skeleton through the second conveying mechanism, left on another cultivation bed skeleton or returned to the original position in a circulating manner. During the water and fertilizer operation, the two irrigation areas can simultaneously perform water and fertilizer operation on different layers of cultivation beds in a circulating manner.

[0018] S5, Double-layered mushroom residue substrate is returned to the field

[0019] After 6-8 crops of green leaf vegetables are planted, the double-layered mushroom residue substrate is removed from the greenhouse together with the cultivation tray, and then returned to the field after sterilization.

[0020] Preferably, the first conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of shaft units, each shaft unit comprises a plurality of shafts connected by a belt, and each shaft unit is provided with a servo motor fixed on the cultivation bed framework and having an output shaft connected with a corresponding shaft.

[0021] Preferably, the second conveying mechanism is a belt conveying unit.

[0022] Preferably, each nozzle of the same group of nozzles is connected to the same water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the shape and area formed by the same group of nozzles are the same as those of one cultivation bed.

[0023] Preferably, the bottom of the cultivation bed framework is provided with a plant light.

[0024] The sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leafy vegetable high-efficiency planting method has the following advantages:

[0025] 1. The crops are managed in a fixed position, watered in a fixed position, and pests and diseases are prevented in a fixed position, the environment in the greenhouse is clean, the working conditions of the workers are comfortable, the products are convenient to pick, the work efficiency is high, and the labor intensity is reduced. A plurality of cultivation bed frameworks are arranged in the greenhouse, and a plurality of cultivation beds are placed. The excellent heat preservation performance of the greenhouse can promote the harvesting of green leafy vegetables for more than one season, thereby increasing the yield per unit area of the greenhouse from the aspects of staggered layers and multiple seasons.

[0026] 2. The multi-layer mushroom residue substrate meets the growth rules of crops. The seeds germinate in the grass charcoal mixed substrate with a relatively low EC value and grow in the mushroom residue substrate with a relatively high EC value, thereby accelerating the growth speed of the crops and improving the taste and yield of the crops.

[0027] 3. The combination of the weaving machine and the multi-layer mushroom residue substrate application accelerates the growth speed of the seeds directly sowed in the field compared with the speed of the seedlings after the seedling and re-planting. The seeds woven by the weaving machine are directly sowed, thereby shortening the growth period of the green leafy vegetables.

[0028] 4. The first conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of shaft units, each shaft unit is provided with a servo motor, and whether each shaft unit rotates and the rotating direction can be controlled individually. For the blank positions on the cultivation bed framework, the cultivation beds can be moved by individually controlling the shaft units to fill the blank positions. Therefore, multiple seasons or multiple green leafy vegetables of different types can be planted in the same layer according to the time gradient, which is very flexible.

[0029] 5. Each nozzle of the same group of nozzles is connected to the same water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the shape and area formed by the same group of nozzles are the same as those of one cultivation bed. For the case that a plurality of cultivation bed frameworks are arranged in the transverse direction, the cultivation beds removed from the cultivation bed frameworks in the transverse direction can be precisely watered and fertilized, thereby saving water.

[0030] 6. Plant grow lights are installed at the bottom of the cultivation bed frame to provide timely supplemental lighting for the plants and promote photosynthesis. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mushroom residue substrate cultivation system of the present invention.

[0032] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating shaft unit and the cultivation bed frame.

[0033] Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of cultivation bed structure. Detailed Implementation

[0034] High-efficiency cultivation methods for leafy vegetables using mushroom residue substrate in solar greenhouses, such as Figs. 1-3 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Preparation of mushroom residue substrate

[0036] The mushroom sticks or mushroom residue are crushed into 3-5mm particles and carbonized at high temperature in a high-temperature biomass carbonization tank. After carbonization, they are put into a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation and post-maturation to become pure mushroom residue substrate. 1-5kg of compound fertilizer, 500kg of vermiculite, 120kg of decomposed cake fertilizer and 4-8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are added to 1000kg of pure mushroom residue substrate.

[0037] S2. Preparation and traying of multi-layered mushroom substrate

[0038] Fill the bottom of the cultivation tray with mushroom residue substrate to a thickness of 4cm, and then continue to fill with a 3cm thick layer of peat moss mixture substrate. The peat moss mixture substrate is composed of peat moss, vermiculite and perlite in a mixing ratio of 3:1:1.

[0039] S3. Cultivating leafy vegetables using mushroom residue substrate cultivation system

[0040] Place multiple cultivation trays into the cultivation bed, tie a knot with a diameter greater than 5mm at both ends of the rope with seeds woven by the weaving machine, set it in an S-shape back and forth, and embed the rope with seeds into the multi-layer mushroom substrate in each cultivation tray.

[0041] The mushroom residue substrate cultivation system comprises a sunlight greenhouse, the sunlight greenhouse has a planting area 1, two irrigation areas 6 and 13 and a working area 3, the two irrigation areas are respectively arranged at two sides of the planting area, and the working area is arranged outside one of the irrigation areas, the planting area is provided with at least two layers of cultivation bed skeletons, each cultivation bed skeleton comprises a horizontally arranged rectangular frame 5 and a first conveying mechanism arranged in the rectangular frame, a plurality of cultivation beds 9 are arranged on the first conveying mechanism, the cultivation bed 9 is a tidal cultivation bed, the cultivation bed 9 is provided with a flow guide groove 18, the irrigation area is provided with a lifting mechanism and a spraying mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a vertical guide frame 19, a lifting frame 2 and 14 in guiding cooperation with the vertical guide frame, a second conveying mechanism arranged in the lifting frame and a speed reducer 8 and 10 arranged at the top of the irrigation area and connected to the two sides of the lifting frame through a steel wire rope, in the embodiment, the lifting mechanism adopts an elevator structure, which is a prior art, the second conveying mechanism is a belt conveying unit, which will not be described here, the spraying mechanism comprises a hanging bracket 11 and 15 arranged below the speed reducer, and a plurality of groups of spray heads 7 and 12 arranged below the hanging bracket, each spray head in the same group is connected to the same water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and the shape and area formed by the same group of spray heads are the same as those of one cultivation bed.

[0042] The plurality of cultivation beds are placed on the first conveying mechanism, water is sprayed once, and then the cultivation beds are continuously placed on the cultivation bed skeletons through the first conveying mechanism;

[0043] S4, water and fertilizer operation, manual management and harvesting

[0044] The first conveying mechanism conveys the cultivation bed to the second conveying mechanism, the lifting frame is raised along the vertical guide frame to the lower side of the spraying mechanism to perform water and fertilizer operation, the lifting frame is lowered along the vertical guide frame to the front of the working area to perform manual management and harvesting operation, after completion, the cultivation bed is conveyed to another cultivation bed skeleton through the second conveying mechanism, and is left on another cultivation bed skeleton or returned to the original position in a circulating manner, during the water and fertilizer operation, the two irrigation areas can simultaneously perform water and fertilizer operation on cultivation beds of different layers in a circulating manner.

[0045] S5, returning of the multi-layer mushroom residue substrate to the field

[0046] After 6-8 crops of green leaf vegetables are planted, the multi-layer mushroom residue substrate is removed from the greenhouse together with the cultivation plate, and is returned to the field after disinfection.

[0047] The first conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of shaft units, each shaft unit comprises a plurality of shafts 16 connected through a belt 20, one servo motor 17 is arranged in each shaft unit, the servo motor is fixed on the cultivation bed skeleton 5, and the output shaft of the servo motor is connected with a corresponding shaft.

[0048] The sunlight greenhouse mushroom residue substrate green leaf vegetable high-efficiency planting method has the following advantages:

[0049] 1. In the management area, the crops are managed, watered, and treated for diseases and pests at specific points, the greenhouse environment is clean, the working conditions for workers are comfortable, the products are easy to pick, the work efficiency is high, and the labor intensity is reduced. A multi-layer cultivation bed frame is arranged in the greenhouse, and a multi-layer cultivation bed is placed. The greenhouse has excellent heat preservation performance, which can promote the harvesting of green leafy vegetables in multiple seasons, thereby increasing the yield per unit area of the greenhouse from both the staggered layers and the multiple seasons.

[0050] 2. The complex layer mushroom residue substrate conforms to the growth rules of crops. The seeds germinate in the grass charcoal mixed substrate with a relatively low EC value and grow in the mushroom residue substrate with a relatively high EC value, which speeds up the growth of crops and improves the taste and yield of crops.

[0051] 3. The combination of the weaving machine and the complex layer mushroom residue substrate application speeds up the growth of seeds by direct seeding compared to seedling and re-planting. The seeds woven by the weaving machine realize fast direct seeding, which shortens the growth cycle of green leafy vegetables.

[0052] 4. The first conveying mechanism includes multiple shaft units, and each shaft unit is provided with a servo motor. Thus, whether each shaft unit rotates and the direction of rotation can be controlled individually. For the blank positions on the cultivation bed frame, the cultivation beds can be moved by individually controlling each shaft unit to fill the blank positions. Thus, multiple or various green leafy vegetables can be planted in the same layer according to the time gradient or different categories, which is very flexible.

[0053] 5. Each nozzle of the same group is connected to the same water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe has a solenoid valve. The shape and area formed by the nozzles of the same group are the same as a cultivation bed. For the case where multiple cultivation bed frames are arranged in the transverse direction, precise water and fertilizer operations can be performed according to the cultivation beds removed from the different cultivation bed frames in the transverse direction, thereby saving water.

[0054] 6. The bottom of the cultivation bed frame is provided with a plant light supplement lamp to timely supplement light for plants and promote photosynthesis.

[0055] Any equivalent or simple change made according to the structure, features, and principles described in the present invention is included in the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or use similar ways to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the present claims.

Claims

1. A method for high efficient planting of green leaf vegetables in mushroom residue substrate in a sunlight greenhouse, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparation of mushroom residue substrate The mushroom residue is crushed into 3-5mm particles, and then high-temperature carbonization is performed in a high-temperature biomass carbonization tank. After carbonization, the mushroom residue is placed in a fermentation tank for aerobic fermentation and aging to become pure mushroom residue substrate. 1000kg of pure mushroom residue substrate is mixed with 1-5kg of compound fertilizer, 500kg of vermiculite, 120kg of matured cake fertilizer, and 4-8kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer to form the mushroom residue substrate. S2, preparation of multi-layer mushroom residue substrate and tray filling A 4cm-thick layer of mushroom residue substrate is filled in the bottom of the cultivation tray, and then a 3cm-thick layer of grass charcoal mixed substrate is filled. The grass charcoal mixed substrate is mixed from grass charcoal, vermiculite, and perlite at a ratio of 3:1:

1. S3, cultivation of green leaf vegetables using mushroom residue substrate cultivation system Multiple cultivation trays are placed in the cultivation bed. The two ends of the seed-containing rope woven by the weaving machine are tied with knots with a diameter greater than 5mm. The rope is embedded in the multi-layer mushroom residue substrate in each cultivation tray. The mushroom residue substrate cultivation system comprises a sunlight greenhouse, a planting area, two irrigation areas, and a working area. The planting area is provided with at least two cultivation bed skeletons. The cultivation bed skeleton comprises a horizontally arranged rectangular frame and a first conveying mechanism arranged in the rectangular frame. The irrigation area is provided with a lifting mechanism and a spraying mechanism. The lifting mechanism comprises a vertical guide frame, a lifting frame in guiding cooperation with the vertical guide frame, a second conveying mechanism arranged in the lifting frame, and a speed reducer motor connected to the two sides of the lifting frame through a steel wire rope. The spraying mechanism comprises a hanger arranged below the speed reducer motor and a plurality of groups of nozzles arranged below the hanger. The two irrigation areas are respectively arranged on the two sides of the planting area. The working area is located outside one of the irrigation areas. Multiple cultivation beds are placed on the first conveying mechanism, sprayed with water, and then placed on the cultivation bed skeleton through the first conveying mechanism. S4, water and fertilizer operation, manual management, and harvesting The first conveying mechanism conveys the cultivation bed to the second conveying mechanism. The lifting frame rises along the vertical guide frame to the lower side of the spraying mechanism for water and fertilizer operation. The lifting frame descends along the vertical guide frame to the front of the working area for manual management and harvesting operation. After completion, it is conveyed to another cultivation bed skeleton through the second conveying mechanism, left on another cultivation bed skeleton, or returned to the original position in a circulating manner. During water and fertilizer operation, the two irrigation areas can simultaneously perform water and fertilizer operation on different layers of cultivation beds. S5, multi-layer mushroom residue substrate is returned to the field After 6-8 harvests of green leaf vegetables, the multi-layer mushroom residue substrate is removed from the greenhouse along with the cultivation tray and is returned to the field after sterilization.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: The first conveying mechanism comprises a plurality of shaft units. Each shaft unit comprises a plurality of shafts connected by a belt. Each shaft unit is provided with a servo motor. The servo motor is fixed on the cultivation bed skeleton, and the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to a corresponding shaft.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the method is characterized by: The second conveying mechanism is a belt conveying unit.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the method is characterized by: The nozzles in the same group are connected to the same water inlet pipe. The water inlet pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve. The shape and area formed by the nozzles in the same group are the same as those of a cultivation bed.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the method is characterized by: The bottom of the cultivation bed skeleton is provided with a plant light.

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