A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an on-vehicle liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system, comprising a liquid hydrogen container, a cold storage device, a first heat exchange pipe, a second heat exchange pipe, etc.; the first heat exchange pipe portion is arranged on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the inner container, one end of which is connected to the inner container, and the other end is connected to the cold storage device, for circulating the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container; the second heat exchange pipe contains refrigerant, the second heat exchange pipe portion is arranged on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the outer container, and the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the cold storage device to form a circulation loop. The present application utilizes the phase change cold storage characteristics of the cold storage material to store the liquid hydrogen cold energy, and then reuses the stored cold energy through the refrigerant circulation loop, reducing the cold energy loss of liquid hydrogen and the evaporation amount of liquid hydrogen, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container, and achieving the purpose of effectively reducing the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen container for heavy trucks and the operating power consumption of various on-board systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of liquid hydrogen cooling energy, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system. Background Art

[0002] Liquid hydrogen has garnered widespread attention as a renewable, clean energy source with unique energy storage advantages. Currently, due to its high specific impulse and high thrust, liquid hydrogen has been widely used as a cryogenic fuel in aerospace rockets. Based on their experience with liquid hydrogen applications, countries around the world have explored its civilian applications. In civilian liquid hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, the onboard liquid hydrogen container is used to supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell. This is typically heated and vaporized using an air-temperature vaporizer or a water bath vaporizer to convert the liquid hydrogen into hydrogen gas. The vaporized hydrogen is then stored in a buffer tank, where it enters the fuel cell to participate in the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, providing the fuel cell vehicle with electrical energy. Because the liquid hydrogen temperature rises directly from 20K to 300K during vaporization, a significant amount of cold energy is directly exchanged with air or water through the vaporizer casing. Existing technologies do not recycle this cold energy, resulting in wasted liquid hydrogen cold energy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a system that can recover and reuse liquid hydrogen cooling energy, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of the on-board system and improving the insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container.

[0004] A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system, comprising:

[0005] A liquid hydrogen container, comprising an inner container, a high-vacuum multi-layer insulation layer, and an outer container, wherein the outer container is sleeved on the outside of the inner container, the high-vacuum multi-layer insulation layer is disposed between the inner container and the outer container, the high-vacuum multi-layer insulation layer includes multiple layers of spaced reflective screens, the inner container contains liquid hydrogen, the inner container includes an air pillow area disposed at the top end of the inner container and a liquid hydrogen area disposed at the bottom end of the inner container, and the inner container and the outer container are fixedly connected by an axial support structure;

[0006] A cold storage device is provided outside the liquid hydrogen container, and a cold storage material is provided inside the cold storage device;

[0007] a first heat exchange pipe, partially disposed within two adjacent reflective screens on a side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the inner container, one end of the first heat exchange pipe being in communication with the liquid hydrogen region of the inner container, the other end of the first heat exchange pipe being in communication with the cold storage device, the first heat exchange pipe being used for circulating the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container;

[0008] a second heat exchange pipe containing refrigerant, wherein the second heat exchange pipe portion is disposed within two adjacent reflective screens on a side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the outer container, and the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the cold storage device to form a circulation loop;

[0009] a liquid hydrogen supply system, the liquid hydrogen supply system being in communication with the first heat exchange pipe via the cold storage device;

[0010] A fuel cell system is connected to the liquid hydrogen supply system. The liquid hydrogen supply system is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the first heat exchange pipe and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen to the fuel cell system. The fuel cell system is used to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy to drive the vehicle.

[0011] Optionally, the cold storage device is a multi-stream heat exchanger with a shell filled with a cold storage material, and the cold storage material includes a phase change material with phase transition characteristics or a single-phase material with large specific heat capacity and fluidity.

[0012] Optionally, the on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a self-pressurizing system, one end of the self-pressurizing system is connected to the liquid hydrogen area of ​​the inner container, and the other end of the self-pressurizing system is connected to the air pillow area of ​​the inner container. The self-pressurizing system is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the inner container and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen and transport the hydrogen back into the inner container to adjust the pressure inside the inner container.

[0013] Optionally, the on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a third heat exchange pipe, one end of the third heat exchange pipe is connected to the liquid hydrogen area, the other end of the third heat exchange pipe is connected to the cold storage device, one end of the self-pressurizing system is also connected to the third heat exchange pipe through the cold storage device, and the other end of the self-pressurizing system is connected to the air pillow area. The self-pressurizing system is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the third heat exchange pipe and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen back to the air pillow area.

[0014] Optionally, the self-pressurization system includes a first vaporizer and a first safety valve, the inlet end of the first vaporizer is connected to the third heat exchange pipe through the cold storage device, the outlet end of the first vaporizer is connected to the air pillow area, the first vaporizer is used to transport the liquid hydrogen and / or low-temperature hydrogen from the inner container to the first vaporizer for further heating into reheated hydrogen, and the outlet end of the first vaporizer is also connected to the first safety valve.

[0015] Optionally, the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a vehicle-mounted air-conditioning system, and the vehicle-mounted air-conditioning system is connected to the cold storage device.

[0016] Optionally, the on-board liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system also includes a fourth heat exchange pipe, the interior of the fourth heat exchange pipe is used for the circulation of refrigerant, and the fourth heat exchange pipe is respectively connected to the on-board air-conditioning system and the cold storage device to form a circulation loop.

[0017] Optionally, the on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a on-board refrigerator or cold storage system, which is connected to the cold storage device; the on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a fifth heat exchange pipe, the interior of the fifth heat exchange pipe is used for the circulation of refrigerant, and the fifth heat exchange pipe is respectively connected to the on-board refrigerator or cold storage system and the cold storage device to form a circulation loop.

[0018] Optionally, the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer further includes a vacuum interlayer, a reflective screen and a spacer, wherein the vacuum interlayer is arranged between the inner container and the outer container, a plurality of the reflective screens are spaced apart in the vacuum interlayer, and the spacer is filled in two adjacent reflective screens.

[0019] Optionally, the liquid hydrogen supply system includes a second vaporizer, a compressor and a buffer tank, the inlet end of the second vaporizer is connected to the first heat exchange pipe through the cold storage device, the outlet end of the second vaporizer is connected to the inlet end of the compressor, the second vaporizer is used to heat the liquid hydrogen output by the first heat exchange pipe to the second vaporizer and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, the outlet end of the compressor is connected to the inlet end of the buffer tank, and the outlet end of the buffer tank is connected to the fuel cell system.

[0020] The present application provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system, which is provided with a first heat exchange pipe, and the first heat exchange pipe is partially provided on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the inner container. Liquid hydrogen flows along the first heat exchange pipe inside the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer, and the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen itself can block and absorb the intrusive heat entering the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer from the outside, thereby reducing the temperature of the reflective screen on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the inner container, thereby reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen in the inner container. After the heat exchange is completed in the first heat exchange pipe, the liquid hydrogen and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the heat exchange evaporation enter the cold storage device. The heat exchanger is placed in the cold storage device, and continues to exchange heat with the cold storage material in the cold storage device, so that the temperature of the cold storage material in the cold storage device is lower than its phase change temperature, thereby absorbing and storing the high-quality cold energy of the liquid hydrogen or low-temperature hydrogen flowing out of the first heat exchange pipe through the latent heat of phase change during the phase transition of the cold storage material. The present application is also provided with a second heat exchange pipe, and the interior of the second heat exchange pipe contains a refrigerant. After the refrigerant absorbs the cold energy in the cold storage device, the refrigerant enters the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer through the second heat exchange pipe, further reducing the temperature of the reflection screen on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the outer container, thereby reducing the impact of external heat leakage on the liquid hydrogen container. The present application is provided with a liquid hydrogen heat exchange pipeline, a refrigerant circulation heat exchange pipeline and a cold storage device, which can recover and utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, reduce the cold energy waste of liquid hydrogen in the vaporization and heating process, reduce the external heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen container, further reduce the evaporation amount of liquid hydrogen, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container, and effectively achieving the purpose of reducing the heat leakage of the liquid hydrogen container for heavy trucks and the operating power consumption of various on-board systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system in one embodiment;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of part of the structure of the vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system in one embodiment.

[0024] Component names and serial numbers in the figure: 1. Liquid hydrogen container; 11. Inner container; 12. High vacuum multi-layer insulation layer; 121. Vacuum layer; 122. Reflection screen; 13. Outer container; 14. Fixed end support; 15. Mobile end support; 16. Liquid level gauge; 2. Cold storage device; 3. First heat exchange pipe; 31. First stop valve; 32. Second stop valve; 4. Second heat exchange pipe; 41. Third stop valve; 42. First pump body; 5. Liquid hydrogen supply system; 51. Second vaporizer; 52. Compressor; 53. Buffer tank; 54. Second solenoid valve; 55. Pressure reducing valve; 56. Second safety valve; 57. First check valve; 58. Eighth stop valve; 5 9. Third solenoid valve; 510. Second check valve; 511. Second pressure gauge; 512. Third pressure gauge; 513. Thermometer; 6. Fuel cell system; 61. Control system; 7. Self-pressurization system; 71. First carburetor; 72. First solenoid valve; 73. First safety valve; 74. Flow meter; 75. First pressure gauge; 76. Fifth stop valve; 8. Third heat exchange pipe; 81. Fourth stop valve; 9. On-board air-conditioning system; 91. Fourth heat exchange pipe; 92. Sixth stop valve; 93. Second pump body; 10. On-board refrigerator or cold storage system; 101. Fifth heat exchange pipe; 102. Seventh stop valve; 103. Third pump body.

[0025] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0028] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, "and / or" in the full text includes three solutions. Taking A and / or B as an example, it includes technical solution A, technical solution B, and technical solution that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but they must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0029] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system includes a liquid hydrogen container 1, a cold storage device 2, a first heat exchange pipeline 3, a second heat exchange pipeline 4, a liquid hydrogen supply system 5 and a fuel cell system 6, the liquid hydrogen container 1 includes an inner container 11, a high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 and an outer container 13, the outer container 13 is sleeved on the outside of the inner container 11, the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 is arranged between the inner container 11 and the outer container 13, the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 includes a multi-layer spaced reflective screen 122, the interior of the inner container 11 contains liquid hydrogen, the inner container 11 includes an air pillow area arranged at the top of the inner container 11 and a liquid hydrogen area arranged at the bottom of the inner container 11; the cold storage device 2 is arranged on the outside of the liquid hydrogen container 1, and the interior of the cold storage device 2 is provided with a cold storage material; the first heat exchange pipeline 3 is partially arranged on the two adjacent sides of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the inner container 11. Inside the reflective screen 122, one end of the first heat exchange pipe 3 is connected to the liquid hydrogen area of ​​the inner container 11, and the other end of the first heat exchange pipe 3 is connected to the cold storage device 2. The first heat exchange pipe 3 is used to circulate the liquid hydrogen output by the inner container 11; the interior of the second heat exchange pipe 4 contains refrigerant, and the second heat exchange pipe 4 is partially arranged in two adjacent reflective screens 122 on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the outer container 13. The second heat exchange pipe 4 is connected to the cold storage device 2 to form a circulation loop; the liquid hydrogen supply system 5 is connected to the first heat exchange pipe 3 through the cold storage device 2; the fuel cell system 6 is connected to the liquid hydrogen supply system 5, and the liquid hydrogen supply system 5 is used to heat the liquid hydrogen output by the first heat exchange pipe 3 and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen to the fuel cell system 6, which is used to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy to drive the vehicle.

[0030] The present application provides a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system, which is provided with a first heat exchange pipe 3. Liquid hydrogen flows along the first heat exchange pipe 3 inside the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12. The cold energy of the liquid hydrogen itself can block and absorb the intrusion of heat from the outside into the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12, reduce the temperature of the reflective screen 122 on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the inner container 11, thereby reducing the evaporation of liquid hydrogen in the inner container 11. After the heat exchange is completed in the first heat exchange pipe 3, the liquid hydrogen and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization enters the cold storage device 2 and continues to be heated by the cold storage device 2. The cold material exchanges heat, so that the temperature of the cold storage material in the cold storage device 2 is lower than its phase change temperature, thereby absorbing and storing the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen or low-temperature hydrogen flowing out of the first heat exchange pipe 3 through the phase change latent heat of the cold storage material during the phase transition process. The present application is also provided with a second heat exchange pipe 4, and the interior of the second heat exchange pipe 4 contains a refrigerant. After the refrigerant absorbs the cold energy in the cold storage device 2, it enters the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 through the second heat exchange pipe 4, further reducing the temperature of the reflective screen 122 on the side of the outer container in the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12, thereby reducing the impact of external heat leakage on the liquid hydrogen container 1. By providing a first heat exchange pipe 3, a second heat exchange pipe and a cold storage device 2, the present application can recover and utilize the cold energy of liquid hydrogen, reduce the waste of cold energy of liquid hydrogen during the vaporization process, and improve the insulation performance of the liquid hydrogen container 1.

[0031] Since the boiling point of liquid hydrogen is relatively low, most of the liquid hydrogen is vaporized into low-temperature hydrogen when it circulates in the first heat exchange pipe 3 for heat exchange. The vaporized low-temperature hydrogen still has a large amount of usable cold energy. The unvaporized liquid hydrogen and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen continue to enter the cold storage device 2 and continue to exchange heat with the cold storage material in the cold storage device 2, so that the liquid hydrogen that has not yet been vaporized is further vaporized into low-temperature hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen exchanges heat with the cold storage material. The cold storage device 2 is used to store this part of the cold energy. Since the self-pressurization system and the fuel cell system have temperature requirements for the hydrogen entering the air pillow area and the buffer tank 53, it is necessary to provide a first vaporizer 71 and a second vaporizer 51 to heat and vaporize the liquid hydrogen that has not yet been vaporized and / or heat and heat the vaporized low-temperature hydrogen, so that the hydrogen reaches the temperature requirement before entering the air pillow area and the buffer tank 53.

[0032] Specifically, the temperature range of the low-temperature hydrogen is 20-250K, and the temperature range of the rewarmed hydrogen is 250-300K.

[0033] In this embodiment, the first heat exchange pipe 3 is spirally wound along the circumference of the inner container 11 within two adjacent reflective screens 122 on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the inner container. The second heat exchange pipe 4 is spaced apart from the first heat exchange pipe 3 and spirally wound along the circumference of the inner container 11 within two adjacent reflective screens 122 on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the outer container.

[0034] Specifically, a first stop valve 31 and a second stop valve 32 are also provided on the first heat exchange pipe 3. The first stop valve 31 is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen container 1 and at the end where the first heat exchange pipe 3 is connected to the inner container 11. The first stop valve 31 is used to achieve communication or blocking between the inner container 11 and the first heat exchange pipe 3, so that the liquid hydrogen can exchange heat with the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 in the first heat exchange pipe 3. The second stop valve 32 is arranged outside the liquid hydrogen container 1 and at the end where the first heat exchange pipe 3 is connected to the cold storage device 2. The second stop valve 32 is used to achieve communication or blocking between the first heat exchange pipe 3 and the cold storage device 2, so that the liquid hydrogen and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization completes heat exchange with the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12, and then continues to enter the cold storage device 2 for heat exchange with the cold storage material.

[0035] Specifically, a third stop valve 41 and a first pump body 42 are provided on the second heat exchange pipe 4, and the third stop valve 41 and the first pump body 42 are both arranged outside the liquid hydrogen container 1. The refrigerant in the second heat exchange pipe 4 flows to the cold storage device 2 via the third stop valve 41, and the refrigerant flowing out of the cold storage device 2 flows to the second heat exchange pipe 4 via the first pump body 42.

[0036] Furthermore, the third stop valve 41 is opened, and the refrigerant in the second heat exchange pipe 4 enters the cold storage device 2 to absorb cold energy. After the refrigerant flows out of the cold storage device 2, it is powered by the first pump body 42, so that the refrigerant enters the second heat exchange pipe 4 in the liquid hydrogen container 1, and exchanges heat with the reflective screen on the side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 close to the outer container 13, so that the temperature of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 is reduced. After the heat exchange is completed, the refrigerant flows out of the outside of the liquid hydrogen container 1, and re-enters the cold storage device 2 through the third stop valve 41 for heat exchange, thereby forming a circulation loop, which can continuously input the cold energy in the cold storage device 2 into the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 of the liquid hydrogen container 1, thereby effectively reducing the heat load entering the liquid hydrogen container 1.

[0037] In addition, reference Figure 2The liquid hydrogen container 1 is also equipped with a fixed end support 14 and a movable end support 15. The inner container 11 and the outer container 13 are fixed to each other by the fixed end support 14 and the movable end support 15 respectively. The support structure consists of a support base and a support rod. The support base supports the outer container 13, and the support rod supports the inner container 11. The movable end support 15 allows the inner container 11 to move relative to the outer container 13 within a certain range. This ensures that when subjected to temperature stress, a certain amount of movement is reserved for the thermal expansion and contraction of the inner container 11.

[0038] Specifically, the liquid hydrogen container 1 further includes a liquid level gauge 16 , which is disposed in the inner container 11 and is used to detect the height of the liquid hydrogen contained in the inner container 11 .

[0039] Specifically, the top of the liquid level gauge 16 abuts against the top inner wall of the inner container 11 , and the bottom of the liquid level gauge 16 abuts against the bottom inner wall of the inner container 11 , so that the liquid level gauge 16 can measure liquid hydrogen at different heights in the inner container 11 .

[0040] The cold storage device 2 is a multi-stream heat exchanger with a shell filled with a cold storage material. The cold storage material includes a phase change material with phase transition characteristics or a single-phase material with large specific heat capacity and fluidity.

[0041] Specifically, the phase change material is an organic phase change material, an inorganic phase change material, or a composite phase change material. Organic phase change materials include paraffin, ester acids, polymer compounds, etc. Inorganic phase change materials include sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4-10H2O) added with other salts to control the melting point. Composite phase change materials include organic composite phase change cold storage materials prepared using organic substances such as decanoic acid, dodecanol, and tetradecane as raw materials; decanol-lauric acid composite phase change materials; tetradecane-dodecanol composite phase change materials; octanoic acid-dodecanol composite phase change materials, etc.

[0042] Furthermore, the cold storage device 2 may be filled with a single-phase material with large specific heat capacity and fluidity, such as salt water, ethylene glycol, and gasoline.

[0043] refer to Figure 1 The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a self-pressurizing system 7, which is connected to the liquid hydrogen area of ​​the inner container 11, and the other end of the self-pressurizing system 7 is connected to the air pillow area of ​​the inner container 11. The self-pressurizing system 7 is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the inner container 11 and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen back to the inner container 11 to adjust the pressure inside the inner container 11.

[0044] Specifically, when the liquid hydrogen container 1 continues to transport liquid hydrogen to the fuel cell system 6, the liquid hydrogen level in the inner container 11 will continue to drop, and the pressure of the inner container 11 will drop. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the liquid hydrogen container 1 is too small, the on-board liquid hydrogen container 1 cannot normally output liquid hydrogen to the outside. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a self-pressurization system 7 to adjust the pressure in the liquid hydrogen container 1 to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a third heat exchange pipe 8, one end of the third heat exchange pipe 8 is connected to the liquid hydrogen area, and the other end of the third heat exchange pipe 8 is connected to the cold storage device 2. One end of the self-pressurizing system 7 is also connected to the third heat exchange pipe 8 through the cold storage device 2, and the other end of the self-pressurizing system 7 is connected to the air pillow area. The self-pressurizing system 7 is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the third heat exchange pipe 8 and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen back to the air pillow area.

[0046] Specifically, a fourth stop valve 81 is further provided on the third heat exchange pipe 8 .

[0047] refer to Figure 1 The self-pressurizing system 7 includes a first vaporizer 71, a first solenoid valve 72, a first safety valve 73, a flow meter 74 and a first pressure gauge 75. The inlet end of the first vaporizer 71 is connected to the third heat exchange pipe 8 through the cold storage device 2, and the outlet end of the first vaporizer 71 is connected to the inlet end of the first solenoid valve 72. The first vaporizer 71 is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization transported from the cold storage device 2 to the first vaporizer 71 into reheated hydrogen, so that the hydrogen entering the air pillow area meets the temperature requirements of the self-pressurizing system. The outlet end of the first solenoid valve 72 is connected to the air pillow area, and the first pressure gauge 75 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first solenoid valve 72 and the air pillow area. The outlet end of the first solenoid valve 72 is also connected to the first safety valve 73, and the flow meter 74 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the first solenoid valve 72 and the first safety valve 73.

[0048] Specifically, the self-pressurizing system 7 also includes a fifth stop valve 76, the first safety valve 73 is connected to the hydrogen emission processing part, one end of the fifth stop valve 76 is connected to the first pressure gauge 75, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen emission processing part. The first pressure gauge 75 is used to detect the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 71 and the air pillow area and the air pillow area. When the pressure exceeds the safety value, the fifth stop valve 76 opens, and the excess hydrogen is discharged to the hydrogen emission processing part until the pressure is lower than the safety value, thereby preventing the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 71 and the air pillow area in the self-pressurizing system 7 or the liquid hydrogen container 1 from overpressure, thereby avoiding dangerous accidents.

[0049] The specific process is: open the fourth stop valve 81 and the first solenoid valve 72, and the liquid hydrogen flows into the cold storage device 2 through the third heat exchange pipe 8. In the cold storage device 2, the liquid hydrogen and the cold storage material undergo heat exchange, and the cold storage material absorbs the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen. The low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen and / or liquid hydrogen enters the inlet end of the first vaporizer 71 after completing the heat exchange, and is further heated in the first vaporizer 71 to become reheated hydrogen and then flows out from the outlet end of the first vaporizer 71. The outflowing hydrogen is divided into two branches after passing through the first solenoid valve 72, one of which is divided into two sub-branches, one of which is hydrogen passing through the first pressure gauge 75 and then entering the air pillow area to pressurize the liquid hydrogen container 1 so that the inner container 11 reaches the set pressure value, and the other sub-branch is hydrogen passing through the first pressure gauge 75 and then discharged to the hydrogen discharge processing part through the fifth stop valve 76 to prevent overpressure in the liquid hydrogen container 1. The other branch enters the first safety valve 73 through the flow meter 74. When the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 71 and the first safety valve 73 is greater than the specified pressure of the first safety valve 73, the first safety valve 73 automatically opens until the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the first vaporizer 71 and the first safety valve 73 is less than the specified pressure of the first safety valve 73, and the first safety valve 73 automatically closes. The flow meter 74 is used to detect the amount of hydrogen output to the hydrogen emission processing part to determine the hydrogen charging amount of the hydrogen emission processing part to facilitate subsequent hydrogen processing.

[0050] Specifically, by providing the cold storage device 2 to absorb the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen used for self-pressurization in advance, the cold energy of the liquid hydrogen is recovered and the energy consumption of the first vaporizer 71 is reduced.

[0051] refer to Figure 1 The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a vehicle-mounted air-conditioning system 9, which is connected to the cold storage device 2.

[0052] refer to Figure 1 The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a fourth heat exchange pipe 91. The interior of the fourth heat exchange pipe 91 is used for the circulation of refrigerant. The fourth heat exchange pipe 91 is respectively connected to the on-board air-conditioning system 9 and the cold storage device 2 to form a circulation loop.

[0053] Since the cold storage device 2 absorbs the cold energy of liquid hydrogen and the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization and stores it inside, the cold energy stored in the cold storage device 2 can be transferred to the vehicle air-conditioning system 9 via the refrigerant through the fourth heat exchange pipe 91 to achieve cooling of the interior of the vehicle.

[0054] Specifically, a sixth stop valve 92 and a second pump body 93 are also provided on the fourth heat exchange pipe 91. The second pump body 93 is used to pump the refrigerant after completing heat exchange in the cold storage device 2 to the vehicle air-conditioning system 9 for heat exchange. After completing heat exchange in the vehicle air-conditioning system 9, the refrigerant enters the cold storage device 2 through the sixth stop valve 92 for re-heat exchange, thereby forming a circulation loop, continuously inputting the cold energy in the cold storage device 2 into the vehicle air-conditioning system 9, thereby effectively reducing the operating energy consumption of the vehicle air-conditioning system 9.

[0055] refer to Figure 1 The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a vehicle-mounted refrigerator or cold storage system 10, which is connected to the cold storage device 2. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a fifth heat exchange pipe 101, the interior of which is used to circulate refrigerant. The fifth heat exchange pipe 101 is respectively connected to the vehicle-mounted refrigerator or cold storage system 10 and the cold storage device 2 to form a circulation loop.

[0056] Specifically, the fifth heat exchange pipe 101 is also provided with a seventh stop valve 102 and a third pump body 103. The third pump body 103 is used to pump the refrigerant after completing heat exchange in the cold storage device 2 to the vehicle refrigerator or cold storage system 10 for heat exchange. After completing heat exchange in the vehicle refrigerator or cold storage system 10, the refrigerant enters the cold storage device 2 through the seventh stop valve 102 for re-heat exchange, thereby performing a circulation loop, continuously inputting the cold energy in the cold storage device 2 into the vehicle refrigerator or cold storage system 10, thereby effectively reducing the operating energy consumption of the vehicle refrigerator or cold storage system 10.

[0057] Specifically, the refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant or a hydrocarbon refrigerant, and specifically can be Freon, hydrocarbons, ammonia, air, hydrogen, etc.

[0058] refer to Figure 1 The high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 includes a vacuum interlayer 121, a reflective screen 122 and a spacer. The vacuum interlayer 121 is arranged between the inner container 11 and the outer container 13. Multiple reflective screens 122 are arranged at intervals in the vacuum interlayer 121, and the spacer is filled in two adjacent reflective screens 122.

[0059] Specifically, the spacer can be made of a low thermal conductivity material to reduce heat conduction between solids, the vacuum interlayer is used to eliminate gas convection heat transfer and heat conduction between most gases, and the reflective screen is used to reduce radiation heat transfer.

[0060] In this embodiment, from the inside to the outside, there are an inner container 11 , a high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer 12 and an outer container 13 .

[0061] Furthermore, the first heat exchange pipe 3 is arranged in the interlayer between two adjacent reflective screens 122 close to the inner container 11 , and the second heat exchange pipe 4 is arranged in the interlayer between two adjacent reflective screens 122 close to one side of the outer container 13 .

[0062] Specifically, a vacuum port is provided on the outer wall of the outer container 13 for evacuating the vacuum layer 121 .

[0063] refer to Figure 1 The liquid hydrogen supply system 5 includes a second vaporizer 51, a compressor 52, a buffer tank 53, a second solenoid valve 54, a pressure reducing valve 55, and a second safety valve 56. The inlet of the second vaporizer 51 is connected to the first heat exchange pipe 3 through the cold storage device 2, and the outlet of the second vaporizer 51 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 52. The second vaporizer 51 is used to heat the liquid hydrogen output from the first heat exchange pipe 3 to the second vaporizer 51 and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by its vaporization into reheated hydrogen, so that the hydrogen entering the buffer tank 53 meets the temperature requirements of the fuel cell system. The outlet of the compressor 52 is connected to the inlet of the buffer tank 53, and the outlet of the buffer tank 53 is connected to one end of the second solenoid valve 54. The other end of the second solenoid valve 54 is connected to one end of the pressure reducing valve 55. The other end of the pressure reducing valve 55 is connected to the fuel cell system 6. The other end of the pressure reducing valve 55 is also connected to the second safety valve 56. The second safety valve 56 is connected to the hydrogen emission treatment system.

[0064] Specifically, the liquid hydrogen supply system 5 further includes a first check valve 57 . The first check valve 57 is disposed between the second vaporizer 51 and the compressor 52 . The first check valve 57 is used to prevent the hydrogen output from the second vaporizer 51 from flowing back.

[0065] refer to Figure 1 The liquid hydrogen supply system 5 also includes an eighth stop valve 58 and a third solenoid valve 59. The outlet end of the compressor 52 is connected to one end of the eighth stop valve 58, the other end of the eighth stop valve 58 is connected to one end of the third solenoid valve 59, and the other end of the third solenoid valve 59 is connected to the first safety valve 73.

[0066] Specifically, the liquid hydrogen supply system 5 further includes a second check valve 510 , which is disposed between the third solenoid valve 59 and the flow meter 74 . The second check valve 510 is used to prevent the hydrogen outputted by the third solenoid valve 59 from flowing back.

[0067] refer to Figure 1The liquid hydrogen supply system 5 also includes a second pressure gauge 511, a third pressure gauge 512 and a thermometer 513. The second pressure gauge 511 is arranged on the buffer tank 53. The second pressure gauge 511 is used to detect the pressure in the buffer tank 53. The third pressure gauge 512 and the thermometer 513 are arranged between the pressure reducing valve 55 and the fuel cell system 6. The third pressure gauge 512 is used to detect the pressure of the hydrogen in the connecting pipeline between the pressure reducing valve 55 and the fuel cell system 6. The thermometer 513 is used to detect the temperature of the hydrogen in the connecting pipeline between the pressure reducing valve 55 and the fuel cell system 6 to determine whether the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen sent to the fuel cell system 6 meet the requirements.

[0068] Specific operation process: open the first stop valve 31, liquid hydrogen flows out of the inner container 11 to the first heat exchange pipe 3, the liquid hydrogen exchanges heat with the reflective screen 122 near the inner container in the first heat exchange pipe 3, and after reducing its temperature, it enters the cold storage device 2 through the second stop valve 32, and continues to exchange heat with the cold storage material, so that the temperature of the cold storage material continues to drop below the phase change point temperature. The cold storage material absorbs cold energy through the latent heat of phase change during the phase transition process and stores this cold energy, completing the heat exchange of liquid hydrogen and / or its evaporation The generated low-temperature hydrogen flows out from the cold storage device 2 and enters the inlet end of the second vaporizer 51. The liquid hydrogen and / or low-temperature hydrogen is heated into reheated hydrogen in the second vaporizer 51 and flows out from the outlet end of the second vaporizer 51. It is compressed after passing through the first check valve 57 and the compressor 52. The compressed hydrogen is divided into two branches and flows out. The first branch is hydrogen entering the buffer tank 53. The second solenoid valve 54 is opened, and the hydrogen in the buffer tank 53 passes through the pressure reducing valve 55, the third pressure gauge 512 and the temperature gauge 513 and then enters the fuel cell system 6 for combustion. The pressure reducing valve 55 is used to reduce the pressure of the compressed hydrogen so that the pressure of the hydrogen from the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 55 to the fuel cell system 6 is stable. A sub-branch is also provided behind the pressure reducing valve 55 and connected to the second safety valve 56. When the pressure of the buffer tank 53 detected by the second pressure gauge 511 or the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the buffer tank 53 and the pressure reducing valve 55 exceeds the specified pressure of the second safety valve 56, the second safety valve 56 automatically opens until the pressure of the buffer tank 53 or the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the buffer tank 53 and the pressure reducing valve 55 is lower than the specified pressure of the second safety valve 56. The second safety valve 56 is closed to prevent overpressure in the connecting pipeline between the buffer tank 53 and the pressure reducing valve 55 and to prevent overpressure in the buffer tank 53.

[0069] The second branch is the hydrogen after the compressor 52, which passes through the eighth shut-off valve 58, the third solenoid valve 59 and the second check valve 510, and then passes through the flow meter 74 to reach the first safety valve 73. When the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the second vaporizer 51 and the compressor 52 exceeds the specified pressure of the first safety valve 73, the first safety valve 73 automatically opens until the pressure of the connecting pipeline between the second vaporizer 51 and the compressor 52 is lower than the specified pressure of the first safety valve 73, so as to prevent the connecting pipeline between the second vaporizer 51 and the compressor 52 from overpressure.

[0070] Specifically, the first vaporizer 71 and the second vaporizer 51 are air-temperature vaporizers or water-bath vaporizers.

[0071] refer to Figure 1 The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a control system 61, which is electrically connected to the liquid level gauge 16, the first solenoid valve 72, the second solenoid valve 54 and the third solenoid valve 59 respectively. The control system 61 is used to monitor the liquid hydrogen height information output by the liquid level gauge 16 and control the opening and closing of the first solenoid valve 72, the second solenoid valve 54 and the third solenoid valve 59.

[0072] Specifically, since the temperature of liquid hydrogen and the hydrogen produced after its vaporization is relatively low, the first solenoid valve 72, the second solenoid valve 54, the third solenoid valve 59, the first stop valve 31, the second stop valve 32, the third stop valve 41, the fourth stop valve 81, the fifth stop valve 76, the sixth stop valve 92, the seventh stop valve 102, the eighth stop valve 58, the pressure reducing valve 55, the first check valve 57, the second check valve 510, the first safety valve 73 and the second safety valve 56 are all explosion-proof low-temperature valves to prevent the valves from being damaged by low temperature.

[0073] Furthermore, the connecting pipe of the present application is made of stainless steel, which is resistant to ultra-low temperatures.

[0074] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, within the scope of the present invention are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system, characterized in that: include: A liquid hydrogen container, comprising an inner container, a high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer, and an outer container, wherein the outer container is sleeved over the outer portion of the inner container, the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer is disposed between the inner container and the outer container, the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer comprises multiple layers of spaced reflective screens, the inner container contains liquid hydrogen, and the inner container comprises an air pillow region disposed at the top end of the inner container and a liquid hydrogen region disposed at the bottom end of the inner container; A cold storage device is provided outside the liquid hydrogen container, and a cold storage material is provided inside the cold storage device; a first heat exchange pipe, partially disposed within two adjacent reflective screens on a side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the inner container, one end of the first heat exchange pipe being in communication with the liquid hydrogen region of the inner container, the other end of the first heat exchange pipe being in communication with the cold storage device, the first heat exchange pipe being used for circulating the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container; a second heat exchange pipe containing refrigerant, wherein the second heat exchange pipe portion is disposed within two adjacent reflective screens on a side of the high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer close to the outer container, and the second heat exchange pipe is connected to the cold storage device to form a circulation loop; a liquid hydrogen supply system, the liquid hydrogen supply system being in communication with the first heat exchange pipe via the cold storage device; a fuel cell system in communication with the liquid hydrogen supply system, the liquid hydrogen supply system being configured to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the first heat exchange pipe and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by vaporization of the liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and to deliver the hydrogen to the fuel cell system, the fuel cell system being configured to convert the hydrogen into electrical energy for driving the vehicle; The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a self-pressurizing system, one end of which is in communication with the liquid hydrogen area of ​​the inner container, and the other end of which is in communication with the air pillow area of ​​the inner container. The self-pressurizing system is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output from the inner container and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by vaporization of the liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen back into the inner container to adjust the pressure in the inner container; The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a third heat exchange pipe, one end of the third heat exchange pipe is connected to the liquid hydrogen area, the other end of the third heat exchange pipe is connected to the cold storage device, one end of the self-pressurizing system is also connected to the third heat exchange pipe through the cold storage device, and the other end of the self-pressurizing system is connected to the air pillow area, the self-pressurizing system is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output by the third heat exchange pipe and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen, and transport the hydrogen back to the air pillow area; The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system further includes a vehicle-mounted air-conditioning system, which is connected to the cold storage device; The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system further includes a fourth heat exchange pipe, the interior of the fourth heat exchange pipe is used for circulating refrigerant, and the fourth heat exchange pipe is respectively connected to the on-board air conditioning system and the cold storage device to form a circulation loop; The on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a vehicle-mounted refrigerator or cold storage system, which is connected to the cold storage device; the on-board liquid hydrogen cold energy recovery and reuse system also includes a fifth heat exchange pipe, the interior of the fifth heat exchange pipe is used for the circulation of refrigerant, and the fifth heat exchange pipe is respectively connected to the vehicle-mounted refrigerator or cold storage system and the cold storage device to form a circulation loop.

2. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cold storage device is a multi-stream heat exchanger with a shell filled with a cold storage material, and the cold storage material includes a phase change material with phase transition characteristics or a single-phase material with large specific heat capacity and fluidity.

3. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The self-pressurizing system includes a first vaporizer and a first safety valve. The inlet end of the first vaporizer is connected to the third heat exchange pipe through the cold storage device, and the outlet end of the first vaporizer is connected to the air pillow area. The first vaporizer is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen and / or low-temperature hydrogen transported by the cold storage device to the first vaporizer into reheated hydrogen. The outlet end of the first vaporizer is also connected to the first safety valve.

4. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high vacuum multi-layer insulation layer further includes a vacuum interlayer, a reflective screen and a spacer. The vacuum interlayer is arranged between the inner container and the outer container. A plurality of reflective screens are arranged at intervals in the vacuum interlayer. The spacer is filled in two adjacent reflective screens.

5. The vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen cooling energy recovery and reuse system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen supply system includes a second vaporizer, a compressor and a buffer tank. The inlet end of the second vaporizer is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline through the cold storage device, and the outlet end of the second vaporizer is connected to the inlet end of the compressor. The second vaporizer is used to further heat the liquid hydrogen output from the first heat exchange pipeline to the second vaporizer and / or the low-temperature hydrogen generated by the vaporization of liquid hydrogen into reheated hydrogen. The outlet end of the compressor is connected to the inlet end of the buffer tank, and the outlet end of the buffer tank is connected to the fuel cell system.

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