Polar expedition rescue sea-based drifting base and method of use

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of polar expedition rescue sea drift base and its use method, including the spherical structure of floating structure, the lower surface of which is laid ice melting system, auxiliary freezing system is installed on the outer wall of floating structure above ice melting system, auxiliary freezing system sprays water to the joint of floating structure and ice layer;Paddle rudder integrated power device is installed on the front, rear, left and right of floating structure, and the power device in working condition is located at the height of ice layer and protrudes outward relative to floating structure;Searchlight system is installed on the upper part of floating structure, and searchlight system includes multiple strong searchlights arranged along the circumference interval;More than four groups of ice mooring system are arranged outward along the circumference interval with floating structure as center;Thus, it can freeze between sea drift base and stable ice, drift with ice, provide powerful guarantee base for polar expedition rescue work, and can move independently, green and energy-saving, flexible to use, and good practicality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of polar scientific expedition equipment, and particularly relates to a polar scientific expedition rescue sea drifting base and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Polar scientific expedition plays an important role in the research of polar ecological diversity, world climate change and polar resource exploration, and can promote the construction of the "Ice Silk Road".

[0003] In the prior art, the land-based station limits the scientific expedition rescue in the relevant core key area. In addition, the polar expedition ship owned by China is only a light icebreaker, and the time for going to the polar region and the space for deepening are greatly limited. Even the heavy icebreaker in the international community has limited icebreaking capacity, and bears a large amount of supply tasks. The pure research time left for actual polar exploration is insufficient, and far cannot meet the needs of polar scientific research.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to accelerate the construction of new polar scientific expedition stations and new equipment, and to develop and design a continuous and long-term equipment and its use mode for application in the process of polar scientific expedition rescue. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a polar scientific expedition rescue sea drifting base and a use method thereof, which can provide a strong guarantee base for polar scientific expedition rescue work, and can independently break ice, move, be green and energy-saving, be flexible to use, and have good practicability.

[0006] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] The polar scientific expedition rescue sea drifting base comprises a spherical floating structure, an ice melting system is arranged on the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure, an auxiliary ice forming system is installed on the outer wall of the floating structure above the ice melting system, and the auxiliary ice forming system sprays water towards the joint between the floating structure and the ice layer; paddle and rudder combined power devices are installed on the front, rear, left and right of the floating structure, and the power devices in the working state are located at the height of the ice layer and protrude outward relative to the floating structure; a searchlight system is installed on the upper part of the floating structure, and the searchlight system comprises a plurality of strong searchlights arranged at intervals along the circumference.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme:

[0009] The lower part of the floating structure is pressed down to be in contact with the ice layer, the bottom surface of the floating structure is a planar structure, a detector system is arranged in the middle of the planar structure, and the detector system is located on the inner side of the planar structure.

[0010] The floating structure is made of low-temperature high-strength steel, and the ice melting system is arranged in the low-temperature steel material on the outer surface of the floating structure, is located at the joint of the floating structure and the ice layer, and is arranged horizontally and circumferentially along the floating structure; the ice melting system comprises a temperature regulating layer and a heat insulation layer, the heat insulation layer separates the temperature regulating layer from the inner side of the floating structure, and an electric heating wire is arranged in the temperature regulating layer.

[0011] Further comprising four groups of ice mooring systems arranged outward along the circumference and centered on the floating structure, and the structure of a single group of ice mooring systems comprises a winch mounted on the upper wall surface of the floating structure, a cable connected to the winch, and an ice plug mounted at the other end of the cable through a shackle, the ice plug being drilled into the ice layer; the winch tightens the cable, and the cable maintains a pre-tension.

[0012] The floating structure is provided with a containing cabin containing a power device, the power device extends out of the floating structure along the containing cabin, and the power device moves downward along the floating structure to a working height.

[0013] Further comprising an ice breaking system mounted on the upper wall surface of the floating structure, the ice breaking system being a high-energy laser ice breaking device, and the ice breaking system emitting a long-wave laser beam towards the ice layer; the top surface of the floating structure is provided with a helicopter storage system and a new energy supply system, the helicopter storage system providing take-off and landing and storage for the helicopter, and the new energy supply system being a vertical axis wind turbine generator.

[0014] Further comprising a recycling device for recycling waste heat generated by the generator, the recycling device using the heat in the cooling water for floor heating; the floating structure is provided with ventilation equipment with heat recovery on the wall surface, and the floating structure is provided with double-layer thermal insulation windows.

[0015] A use method of the polar scientific expedition rescue sea drifting base, comprising a fixing process and a releasing process of the sea drifting base and the ice;

[0016] The fixing process of the sea drifting base and the ice comprises the following steps:

[0017] After the sea drifting base is transported to the target sea area in the polar region, the power device is started to cruise in the target sea area to find the target ice;

[0018] After the target ice is found, the power device is operated to make the sea drifting base travel to the central region of the target ice in combination with the ice breaking work of the power device and the ice breaking system;

[0019] The ice breaking system and the power device are turned off, and the sea drifting base is frozen to the target ice in combination with the work of the auxiliary ice forming system to increase the ice quantity and the adhesion;

[0020] Ice plug in the ice floe mooring system is towed to the ice surface by the snowmobile, and the ice plug is fixedly embedded in the ice layer at the anchoring point position, and the cable is retracted by the winch to maintain the pre-tension;

[0021] The fixing of the offshore drifting base and the target ice floe is completed;

[0022] The ice floe fixing release process comprises the following steps:

[0023] The ice plug inserted into the ice layer is pulled out, and the cable is retracted by the winch;

[0024] The ice melting system works to melt the freezing between the offshore drifting base and the target ice floe;

[0025] The power device works in combination with the ice breaking system to cruise in the sea area, find the next target ice floe or leave the ice floe sea area.

[0026] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

[0027] The method for finding the target ice floe is:

[0028] Step 1: The X-band radar is scanned to obtain the distribution and fragmentation of the sea ice around the offshore drifting base, and the helicopter suspends the sonar equipment to fly away from the ice surface to scan the ice surface to obtain the spatial distribution of the sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melt pools and cracks on the ice floe;

[0029] Step 2: Find the ice floe with a diameter greater than 3km and an average thickness greater than 1m, and the ice floe is scanned by the sonar equipment and does not contain cracks penetrating the entire ice layer;

[0030] Step 3: Drill holes in the ice floe to measure the actual ice thickness and sample the ice mechanics performance test;

[0031] Step 4: On the basis of meeting steps 2 and 3, select the ice floe located in the upstream area of the ocean current, which supports 1-2 years of drifting, as the target ice floe.

[0032] When the ice layer is thin, the power device is combined with the floating structure line to directly break the ice; when the ice layer is thick, the propeller of the power device in the front of the running direction is used to cut the ice layer to break the ice, and the ice breaking system is combined to break the ice layer, so that the offshore drifting base advances to the central region of the target ice floe.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0034] The application can provide a powerful guarantee base for polar scientific expedition rescue work through ice drifting between the sea drifting base and stable floating ice, and the sea drifting base can independently break ice and move, is green, energy-saving, flexible to use and good in practicality.

[0035] The application also has the following advantages:

[0036] The spherical structure of the sea drifting base can effectively bear the extrusion of sea ice and reduce the wind load effect.

[0037] The floating ice mooring system can more closely fix the sea drifting base and the floating ice to improve the ability to withstand ocean currents and storms and achieve stable and reliable ice drifting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the application.

[0039] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a top view of the application. Figure 1

[0040] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the mooring state of the sea drifting base on the floating ice of the application.

[0041] Figure 4 Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the state of the sea drifting base transported by a barge.

[0042] Figure 5 Fig. 5 is a top view of the application. Figure 4

[0043] Figure 6 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working state of the ice breaking system of the sea drifting base of the application.

[0044] 1, detection instrument system; 2, ice melting system; 3, floating structure; 4, power device; 5, auxiliary ice forming system; 6, searchlight system; 7, new energy supply system; 8, helicopter accommodation system; 9, ice breaking system; 10, ice plug; 11, cable; 12, winch; 13, water layer; 14, ice layer; 15, semi-submersible barge; 16, laser beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The specific embodiment of the application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 ​​As shown, the polar expedition rescue sea drifting base of the embodiment comprises a spherical floating structure 3, an ice melting system 2 is laid on the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure 3, an auxiliary ice forming system 5 is installed on the outer wall of the floating structure 3 above the ice melting system 2, and the auxiliary ice forming system 5 sprays water towards the joint between the floating structure 3 and the ice layer 14; the paddle-rudder combined power device 4 is installed on the front, rear, left and right of the floating structure 3, and the working state power device 4 is located at the height of the ice layer 14 and protrudes outward relative to the floating structure 3; the searchlight system 6 is installed on the upper part of the floating structure 3, and the searchlight system 6 comprises multiple strong searchlights arranged at intervals along the circumference.

[0047] Through freezing between the sea drifting base and the stable floating ice, the drifting with the ice provides a powerful guarantee base for the polar expedition rescue work, and the expedition rescue activities are carried out on the base.

[0048] In the embodiment, the auxiliary ice forming system 5 sprays water towards the joint between the floating structure 3 and the ice layer 14, and the water freezes under the natural cold condition, thereby strengthening the consolidation between the floating structure 3 and the ice layer 14.

[0049] When it is needed to fix the floating ice, the ice melting system 2 is not started to heat, and the auxiliary ice forming system 5 is used to spray water at the joint to strengthen the consolidation; when it is needed to cancel the consolidation, the ice melting system 2 is heated to quickly melt the surrounding consolidated floating ice by using the heat conduction mode.

[0050] The spherical shape of the sea drifting base can effectively bear the extrusion of sea ice and reduce the wind load.

[0051] Generally, the searchlight system 6 is composed of eight strong searchlights, which are used at night, especially in the polar night, to form a light cone and alternately irradiate, thereby providing illumination for the personnel working on the ice surface.

[0052] The lower part of the floating structure 3 is in contact with the ice layer 14 at the position of the lower pressure curve, which can effectively bear the pressure of sea ice; the bottom surface of the floating structure 3 is a flat structure, which can be seated on the semi-submersible barge 15 during towing; the detection instrument system 1 is installed in the middle of the bottom flat surface of the floating structure 3, and the detection instrument system 1 is located inside the flat structure.

[0053] The detection instrument system 1 mainly comprises a multi-beam echo sounder installed at the bottom of the floating structure 3, which is used to measure the water depth and terrain of the polar sea area along the drifting route, thereby providing a data basis for possible future polar channel development.

[0054] The floating structure 3 is made of low-temperature high-strength steel, the ice-melting system 2 is arranged in the low-temperature steel material on the outer surface of the floating structure 3, the ice-melting system 2 is located at the position where the floating structure 3 meets the ice layer 14, and the ice-melting system 2 is arranged horizontally and circumferentially along the floating structure 3; the ice-melting system 2 comprises a temperature-regulating layer and a heat-insulating layer, the heat-insulating layer separates the temperature-regulating layer from the inner side of the floating structure 3, and the electric heating wire is arranged in the temperature-regulating layer.

[0055] In the embodiment, the electric heating wires are uniformly distributed and located according to the structure rib design of the floating structure 3; of course, the electric heating wires can be arranged horizontally and circumferentially along the floating structure 3, so that the ice can be synchronously melted and unfrozen from the circumference by the heating of the electric heating wires during ice melting.

[0056] Further comprising four groups of ice mooring systems arranged outward along the circumference and centered on the floating structure 3, such as Figure 3 As shown, the structure of a single group of ice mooring systems comprises a winch 12 mounted on the upper wall surface of the floating structure 3, a cable 11 connected to the winch 12, an ice plug 10 mounted on the other end of the cable 11 through a shackle, and the ice plug 10 drilled into the ice layer 14; the winch 12 tightens the cable 11, and the cable 11 maintains a certain pre-tension.

[0057] In use, the ice plug 10 is rotated and punched into a relatively strong ice ridge or a relatively thick position of the ice layer 14, and then the cable 11 is tightened by the winch 12 to maintain a certain pre-tension; usually, six groups of ice mooring systems are uniformly arranged circumferentially on the sea drifting base, and the six groups of cables 11 are simultaneously tightened to fix the floating structure 3.

[0058] The ice mooring system enables the sea drifting base and the ice to be more closely fixed to each other and to drift together on the water layer 13, effectively improving the ability of the sea drifting base to withstand ocean currents and storms, and achieving stable and reliable ice drifting.

[0059] The floating structure 3 is provided with a containing cabin accommodating the power device 4, the power device 4 extends out of the floating structure 3 along the containing cabin, and the power device 4 moves downward along the floating structure 3 to a working height.

[0060] Further comprising an ice-breaking system 9 mounted on the upper wall surface of the floating structure 3, the ice-breaking system 9 being a high-energy laser ice-breaking device, the ice-breaking system 9 emitting a long-wave laser beam 16 towards the ice layer 14, and the long-wave laser beam 16 overcoming the reflection of the ice surface can penetrate an ice layer 3m thick, thereby opening a channel for the floating structure 3 to move in the ice.

[0061] The top surface of the floating structure 3 is provided with a helicopter accommodating system 8 and a new energy supply system 7, the helicopter accommodating system 8 provides take-off and landing and storage for the helicopter, and the new energy supply system 7 is a vertical axis wind turbine generator, so that the strong polar air flow of the Arctic Ocean all year round can be fully utilized to supply electric energy for the drifting base, and the blades have electric heating deicing function to use the climate characteristics of the polar humid cold.

[0062] The recycling device for recycling waste heat generated by the generator is also included, and the recycling device uses the heat in the cooling water for floor heating; the wall surface of the floating structure 3 is provided with a ventilation equipment with heat recovery, which greatly reduces the ventilation energy consumption of the base, and the floating structure 3 is provided with double-layer insulation windows.

[0063] In the embodiment, the power device 4 is a full-rotation pod, and the propeller and the rudder are combined, which is released from the floating structure 3 during use and is retracted when not in use. The power device 4 can collide with the floating ice and cut and suck the ice layer of a certain thickness, achieving the effect of icebreaking navigation.

[0064] In the embodiment, the offshore drifting base is frozen with the stable floating ice upstream of the polar current, and is further fixed by the floating ice mooring system to drift with the floating ice, so that the whole system has low energy consumption during the drifting process, is economically feasible, and is suitable for the function of the offshore drifting base in the polar scientific exploration and rescue, and provides a strong drifting guarantee base for the polar scientific exploration and rescue work in the Arctic Ocean.

[0065] The offshore drifting base has the advantages of adapting to the polar harsh environment, mainly in three aspects: 1. resistant to extremely cold climate, the full-closed design and the insulation and heating measures ensure the safety of the equipment and personnel and provide a safe and comfortable environment; 2. resistant to sea ice pressure, the spherical column-shaped reinforced structure made of low-temperature high-strength steel and the depression curve shape of the action surface with sea ice effectively bear the pressure of sea ice; 3. resistant to ocean current and storm, the circular exposed surface can reduce the wind load, and the floating ice mooring system can firmly fix the drifting platform on the floating ice.

[0066] The offshore drifting base has the advantages of adapting to the polar harsh environment, mainly in three aspects: 1. resistant to extremely cold climate, the full-closed design and the insulation and heating measures ensure the safety of the equipment and personnel and provide a safe and comfortable environment; 2. resistant to sea ice pressure, the spherical column-shaped reinforced structure made of low-temperature high-strength steel and the depression curve shape of the action surface with sea ice effectively bear the pressure of sea ice; 3. resistant to ocean current and storm, the circular exposed surface can reduce the wind load, and the floating ice mooring system can firmly fix the drifting platform on the floating ice.

[0067] The offshore drifting base has the characteristics of green energy saving: on the one hand, vertical axis wind turbine generators are used to fully utilize the strong polar air current of the Arctic Ocean all year round to supply power and heating for the drifting base; on the other hand, the heat dissipation of heating is reduced by improving the heat preservation performance of the structure and equipping double-layer heat preservation windows. The waste heat generated by the generator is recycled and utilized, and the heat in the cooling water is used for floor heating. In addition, mechanical ventilation equipment with heat recovery devices is used to greatly reduce the ventilation energy consumption of the entire floating base.

[0068] The method for using the polar scientific expedition rescue offshore drifting base comprises a fixing process and a releasing process of the offshore drifting base and the floating ice;

[0069] The fixing process of the floating ice comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: after the offshore drifting base is transported to the target sea area in the polar region, the power device 4 is started to sail in the target sea area to find the target floating ice;

[0071] The target floating ice at least needs to meet the requirements in size and strength, and the method for finding the target floating ice is as follows:

[0072] Step 1: the X-band radar is used to scan and obtain the distribution and fragmentation of the sea ice around the offshore drifting base, and the sonar equipment suspended by the helicopter is used to scan the ice surface after flying away from the ice surface to obtain the spatial distribution of the sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melt pools and cracks on the floating ice;

[0073] Step 2: the floating ice with a diameter greater than 3 km and an average thickness greater than 1 m is found, and the floating ice is scanned by the sonar equipment and does not contain cracks penetrating the entire ice layer 14;

[0074] Step 3: the actual ice thickness is measured by drilling the floating ice, and the ice mechanics performance test is performed by sampling; preferably, the drifting is performed on the perennial floating ice block with high strength;

[0075] Step 4: on the basis of meeting steps 2 and 3, the floating ice located in the upstream area of the ocean current and supporting the drifting for 1-2 years in ice quality and spatial position is selected as the target floating ice.

[0076] Step 2: after the target floating ice is found, the power device 4 is operated to make the offshore drifting base sail to the central area of the target floating ice in combination with the ice breaking work of the power device 4 and the ice breaking system 9;

[0077] When the ice layer 14 is thin, the power device 4 is combined with the linear direct ice breaking of the floating structure 3 to sail; when the ice layer 14 is thick, the propeller of the power device 4 in the front of the running direction is used to cut the ice layer 14 to break ice, and the offshore drifting base sails to the central area of the target floating ice in combination with the ice breaking system 9.

[0078] Third step: turn off the icebreaking system 9, power device 4, and wait for the sea drifting base to freeze with the target ice, combined with the work of the auxiliary ice system 5, increase the amount of ice and adhesion; and can be according to the personnel up and down ice demand adhesion specific shape ice channel;

[0079] Fourth step: the ice plug 10 in the ice mooring system is pulled onto the ice surface by the snowmobile, and the ice plug 10 is fixed and embedded in the ice layer 14 at the anchor point position, and the cable 11 is tightened by the winch 12 to maintain the pre-tension;

[0080] After the sea drifting base and the target ice are fixed, the next step is to drift with the ice.

[0081] Deploy the new energy supply system 7 to provide power for the drifting base. Scientists around the sea drifting base carry out research on high altitude, ocean, atmosphere, glacier, ecology, geology, geodesy and other subjects, including investigating the interaction between the ocean, sea ice and atmosphere, the influence of the ecological system and the exchange of gas and heat. Through the detection instrument system 1 and other portable mobile devices, the natural phenomena occurring in the water body such as sea bottom topography, sea current profile, temperature, salinity and nutrients and turbulence are measured, and the laws and mechanisms of sea currents and various phenomena occurring in the surface water of sea ice are studied.

[0082] People can leave the sea drifting base within a certain range, and through helicopters, snowmobiles, sleds, boats or even walking, they can conduct related research on the accessible ice and water area. During the journey, attention should be paid to prevent ice cracks or polar bear attacks to ensure personnel safety; during the research, high-tech equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicles, robots, deep-sea submersibles, polar remote sensing satellites and ultra-deep drilling machines should be used. The floating structure 3 has enough food and fuel, and carries related scientific instruments and equipment. All personnel's clothing, food, shelter and other living conditions are centered around the sea drifting base.

[0083] When supplies are needed, an icebreaker can transport related materials to the target ice block area, park and unload at a distance that does not affect the scientific research, and then leave after completing the transportation and part of the personnel rotation. During the entire drifting process, the position of the sea drifting base should be monitored at all times, especially during and after each snowstorm, and the tension on the ice mooring system should be adjusted in time.

[0084] After the offshore drifting base and the floe drift together for several months, the floe will change under the effect of temperature, ocean current, storm, moon gravity, etc. Once the floe is cracked, there is a risk that the cable is too tight or even the offshore drifting base is capsized. At this time, the position of the ice plug 10 in the mooring system needs to be adjusted. Generally, under the extrusion of the floe, the floe will break down due to the linear compression of the floating structure 3, but sometimes combined with the bonding effect of sea ice, the posture of the drifting base will change. At this time, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is started, and after the surrounding floe is melted and the posture of the drifting base is restored, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is closed. Wait for the floe-seawater-drifting base to re-naturally bond, combined with the auxiliary ice bonding system 5 to spray water to increase the bonding force, and the floe mooring system also needs to be adjusted accordingly. Pre-tensioning or even anchoring position adjustment.

[0085] If a larger ice or ridge is detected to extrude the existing floe, gradually threatening the safety of the offshore drifting base, at this time, all personnel and equipment need to be recalled to the drifting base, the new energy supply system 7 is recovered, the ice plug 10 on the floe mooring system is pulled out, the cable 11 and the ice plug 10 are collected by the winch 12, the heating function of the ice melting system 2 is turned on, and the power device 4 drives the offshore drifting base to move to another position.

[0086] The process of releasing the offshore drifting base from the floe includes the following steps:

[0087] Pull out the ice plug 10 inserted into the ice layer 14, and collect the cable 11 by the winch 12;

[0088] The ice melting system 2 works to melt the frozen ice between the offshore drifting base and the target floe;

[0089] The power device 4 works in combination with the icebreaking system 9 to navigate in the sea area to find the next target floe or sail away from the floe sea area.

[0090] The icebreaking navigation operation mode is:

[0091] When the ice layer 14 is thin, the continuous icebreaking method is used. The power device 4 at the stern is released from the inside of the drifting base out of the hull of the floating structure 3, and then the power device 4 is operated along the arc track on the surface of the floating structure 3 into the water, pushing the drifting base forward at a certain speed. The propeller thrust and the downward linear type of the drifting base directly break and crush the ice layer 14;

[0092] When the ice layer is thick, the collision ice-breaking method is used. The drifting base is reversed by about two boat lengths, and then accelerated forward, and the main body will rush onto the ice surface to crush the ice layer 14. This method has greater environmental disturbance, and is not used for ideal floating ice. The two power devices 4 at the bow of the drifting base are released from the body, and the propeller is used to cut the ice layer to break the ice. In a limited range, the ice layer is broken, and the propulsion power is continuously advanced. The full-rotation power device 4 can make the floating structure 3 advance and break ice in any direction, reducing the risk of being trapped.

[0093] As shown in Figure 6 , the ice-breaking system 9 uses high-energy laser in the forward direction to act on the surface of the ice block. The energy is quickly transmitted to the inside of the ice block along the direction of the laser transmission. The ice block is cut to break the ice, and continuously advances with the propulsion power. The whole process is low noise, high efficiency, meets the environmental protection requirements of polar scientific research, and has little disturbance to the scientific research equipment. This method is used to go to the central stable area of the target floating ice.

[0094] After about one to two years of drifting, the sea drifting base crosses the sea with the floating ice, and moves to the other side with the ocean current. The floating ice gradually decreases, the power device 4 is started, and the drifting base is navigated with power to the convergence sea area to wait for the transport ship to come for towing.

[0095] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 , it is a towing schematic diagram of the sea drifting base.

[0096] Departure: The sea drifting base is transported by wet towing, and the transport tool is a semi-submersible barge 15. The semi-submersible barge 15 increases the ballast water and submerges. The small tugboat carried by the barge drags the sea drifting base to above the semi-submersible barge 15. The semi-submersible barge 15 reduces the ballast water and floats up. The sea drifting base sits on the evenly arranged sleepers on the semi-submersible barge 15. The four cables 11 in the floating ice mooring system are tied at the bow and stern of the semi-submersible barge 15, and are tightly pulled by the winch 12 to firmly fix the sea drifting base on the semi-submersible barge 15. The semi-submersible barge 15 travels to the polar region, and starts to find a calm sea condition to release the sea drifting base after encountering floating ice. First, release the floating ice mooring system, then submerge the semi-submersible barge 15, and the sea drifting base floats up. Release the power device 4, and drive into the floating ice. The semi-submersible barge 15 floats up and returns.

[0097] When the recovery is carried out: about one year later, the semi-submersible barge 15 and the sea floating base meet, the semi-submersible barge 15 increases the ballast water, submerges, the small tugboat carried by the barge drags the sea floating base to the top of the semi-submersible barge 15, the semi-submersible barge 15 reduces the ballast water, floats up, and the sea floating base is seated on the evenly arranged sleepers on the semi-submersible barge 15. The cable 11 in the ice mooring system is tied at the bow and the stern of the semi-submersible barge 15, is pulled tight through the winch 12, and the sea floating base is fixed on the semi-submersible barge 15 firmly. The semi-submersible barge 15 drives away from the polar region, returns to the vicinity of the port, and releases the sea floating base. First, the ice mooring system is released, then the semi-submersible barge 15 submerges, the sea floating base floats up, the small tugboat drags the sea floating base into the port or into the dock, the semi-submersible barge 15 floats up and drives away.

[0098] The application provides a powerful guarantee base for polar scientific research and rescue work, greatly improves the space activity ability of scientific researchers to carry out large-scale and long-period scientific investigation and research in the core polar region, and the sea floating base can move independently by breaking ice, is green and energy-saving, flexible to use, and good in practicability.

[0099] The above description is an explanation of the application, not a limitation of the application, the scope of the application is defined in the claims, and any modification within the protection scope of the application can be made.

Claims

1. A polar scientific research and rescue sea-drifting base, characterized in that: The floating structure (3) includes a spherical structure. An ice-melting system (2) is installed on the lower part of the outer surface of the floating structure (3). An auxiliary icing system (5) is installed on the outer wall of the floating structure (3) above the ice-melting system (2). The auxiliary icing system (5) sprays water towards the junction of the floating structure (3) and the ice layer (14). The floating structure (3) is equipped with a propeller-rudder integrated power unit (4) at the front, rear, left, and right. The power unit (4) in operation is located at... The ice layer (14) is high and protrudes outward relative to the floating structure (3); a searchlight system (6) is installed on the upper part of the floating structure (3), the searchlight system (6) includes multiple powerful searchlights arranged at intervals along the circumference; the lower part of the floating structure (3) is in contact with the ice layer (14) by the downward curve, the bottom surface of the floating structure (3) is a planar structure, and a detector system (1) is installed in the middle of the bottom plane of the floating structure (3), the detector system (1) is located in the planar structure The floating structure (3) is constructed of low-temperature high-strength steel. The ice-melting system (2) is installed inside the low-temperature steel on the outer surface of the floating structure (3). The ice-melting system (2) is located at the junction of the floating structure (3) and the ice layer (14). The ice-melting system (2) is installed horizontally along the circumference of the floating structure (3). The ice-melting system (2) includes a temperature-regulating layer and a heat-insulating layer. The heat-insulating layer separates the temperature-regulating layer from the inner side of the floating structure (3). The temperature-regulating layer contains heating wires. The system includes four or more sets of floating ice mooring systems arranged outwards along the circumferential intervals with the floating structure (3) as the center. The structure of a single set of floating ice mooring systems is as follows: a winch (12) is installed on the upper wall of the floating structure (3), a cable (11) is connected to the winch (12), and an ice plug (10) is installed at the other end of the cable (11) by a locking buckle. The ice plug (10) is drilled into the ice layer (14). The winch (12) tightens the cable (11), and the cable (11) maintains pretension.

2. A polar scientific research and rescue sea drifting base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The floating structure (3) is provided with a housing compartment for accommodating the power unit (4). The power unit (4) extends out of the floating structure (3) along the housing compartment and moves down to the working height along the floating structure (3).

3. A polar scientific research and rescue sea drifting base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ice-breaking system (9) installed on the upper wall of the floating structure (3). The ice-breaking system (9) is a high-energy laser ice-breaking device. The ice-breaking system (9) emits a long-wave laser beam (16) toward the ice layer (14). The top surface of the floating structure (3) is equipped with a helicopter reception system (8) and a new energy supply system (7). The helicopter reception system (8) provides take-off, landing and reception for helicopters. The new energy supply system (7) is a vertical axis wind turbine generator.

4. A polar scientific research and rescue sea drifting base as described in claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a recovery device for recovering and utilizing the waste heat generated by the generator, which uses the heat in the cooling water for heating the base plate; the floating structure (3) is equipped with ventilation equipment with heat recovery on its wall surface, and the floating structure (3) is equipped with double-layer insulated windows.

5. A method of using the polar scientific research and rescue sea drifting base as described in claim 1, characterized in that: This includes the process of securing and releasing the floating ice at the sea drifting base; The process of securing ice floes includes the following steps: After the sea drifting base is transported to the polar target sea area, the power unit (4) is started to navigate in the target sea area and search for the target ice floes; After the target ice floe is located, the power unit (4) works, and the icebreaking work of the power unit (4) and the icebreaking system (9) is combined to make the sea drifting base move to the central area of ​​the target ice floe. The icebreaking system (9) and power unit (4) are shut down. After the drifting base and the target floating ice are frozen, the ice volume and adhesion are increased in combination with the work of the auxiliary icing system (5). The ice plug (10) in the floating ice mooring system is towed to the ice surface by a snowmobile, and the ice plug (10) is fixed and embedded in the ice layer (14) at the anchor point. The cable (11) is tightened by the winch (12) to maintain the pretension. Complete the stabilization of the sea drifting base and the target ice floes; The process of detaching from the ice floes includes the following steps: Pull out the ice plug (10) inserted into the ice layer (14), and retrieve the cable (11) by the winch (12); The ice-melting system (2) works to melt the ice between the drifting base and the target ice floes; The power unit (4) works in conjunction with the icebreaking system (9) to navigate the sea, searching for the next target ice floe or leaving the ice floe area.

6. The method of using a polar scientific research and rescue marine drifting base as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The method for finding the target ice floe is as follows: Step 1: The distribution and fragmentation of sea ice around the floating base are obtained by scanning with X-band radar. After the helicopter flies away from the ice surface with sonar equipment, it scans the ice surface to obtain the spatial distribution of sea ice thickness, including the distribution of ice ridges, melt pools and cracks on the floating ice. Step 2: Locate ice floes with a diameter greater than 3 km and an average thickness greater than 1 m. The ice floes are scanned by sonar equipment to ensure they do not contain cracks that penetrate the entire ice layer (14). Step 3: Drill holes in the ice floes, measure the actual ice thickness, and take samples for ice mechanical property tests; Step 4: Based on the conditions of Step 2 and Step 3, select ice floes located in the upstream area of ​​the ocean current, with ice quality and spatial location that can support drifting for 1-2 years as target ice floes.

7. The method of using a polar scientific research and rescue marine drifting base as described in claim 5, characterized in that: When the ice layer (14) is thin, the power unit (4) is used in conjunction with the floating structure (3) to directly break the ice in a linear manner; when the ice layer (14) is thick, the propeller of the power unit (4) in front of the direction of travel is used to cut the ice layer (14) to break the ice, and the ice-breaking system (9) is used to break the ice layer (14) so ​​that the floating base can move to the central area of ​​the target ice floe.

Images