Fluid actuated drill bit

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of oil drilling and completion, and discloses a liquid-controlled drill bit. The liquid-controlled drill bit comprises a drill bit body, a cutting member and a driving mechanism, and the inside of the drill bit body is provided with a cavity; the cutting member comprises a first cutting member and a second cutting member, the second cutting member is fixedly arranged on the surface of the drill bit body, and the first cutting member is movably connected with the drill bit body and can selectively extend out of or retract into the drill bit body; when the first cutting member extends out of the drill bit body, the extension length of the first cutting member is greater than the height of the second cutting member; the driving mechanism is arranged in the cavity, and the driving mechanism comprises a movable member, one end of the movable member is connected with the first cutting member, and the other end of the movable member is driven by the liquid injected into the cavity; the first cutting member can be driven to extend out of or retract into the drill bit body by changing the pressure of the liquid. The liquid-controlled drill bit provided by the present application can complete casing hole opening and stratum drilling at one time, and can complete multiple holes at one time, thereby improving the efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil drilling and completion technology, and in particular to a hydraulically controlled drill bit. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of oil and gas exploration and development, the final step is to connect the oil reservoir to the wellbore in order to extract the oil and gas resources within the reservoir. Taking casing completion as an example, the commonly used method for connecting the wellbore and the oil reservoir is explosive perforation. However, perforation methods generally suffer from problems such as short perforation depth and secondary pollution of the oil reservoir. Subsequently, deep-penetration drilling technology has been developed both domestically and internationally, from hydraulic jet rock breaking to hydraulic cutting rock breaking, and now to electrically controlled drilling technology, which has seen significant advancements.

[0003] Currently, deep penetration drilling operations mostly employ a two-stage construction method: first, the casing is drilled through, typically using methods such as segment milling and punching; then, a second tooling system is inserted, passing through the casing orifice, to further drill into the oil layer and create a channel for crude oil drainage. Each hole requires repeated raising and lowering of the tooling system, severely impacting construction efficiency and operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulically controlled drill bit that can complete casing opening and formation drilling in one operation, and can complete multiple holes in one operation, thereby improving efficiency.

[0005] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A hydraulic control drill bit, comprising:

[0007] The drill bit body has an internal cavity.

[0008] The cutting component includes a first cutting component and a second cutting component. The second cutting component is fixedly disposed on the surface of the drill bit body. The first cutting component is movably connected to the drill bit body and can selectively extend or retract from the drill bit body. When the first cutting component extends out of the drill bit body, the extension length of the first cutting component is greater than the height of the second cutting component.

[0009] A drive mechanism is disposed within the cavity. The drive mechanism includes a movable component. One end of the movable component is connected to the first cutting component, and the other end is driven by liquid injected into the cavity. By changing the pressure of the liquid, the first cutting component can be driven to extend or retract from the drill bit body.

[0010] Optionally, the drill bit body includes a matrix, which includes a conical portion and a cylindrical portion, and the second cutting element is disposed on the surface of the conical portion and the side of the cylindrical portion.

[0011] Optionally, the drill bit body further includes a connector, one end of which is connected to the columnar portion and the other end of which is connected to the drill rod. The cavity communicates with the matrix and the connector, and the liquid enters the cavity through the drill rod.

[0012] Optionally, the movable component includes a piston, which has a large end and a small end. The small end is connected to the first cutting component, and the large end is disposed away from the first cutting component.

[0013] Optionally, the movable component further includes an elastic component, which is sleeved on the small end; the connector has a locking part, the small end passes through the locking part and connects to the first cutting component, and the elastic component is disposed between the locking part and the large end.

[0014] Optionally, the locking part is provided with a liquid flow hole.

[0015] Optionally, a sealing ring is provided in the circumferential direction of the large end, and a boss is provided inside the joint. When the large end mates with the boss, the sealing ring provides a seal.

[0016] Optionally, the tire carcass is provided with a clearance groove, through which the first cutting element extends or retracts into the tire carcass.

[0017] Optionally, the first cutting element includes a side cutting edge and a pointed cutting edge. The side cutting edge is located on the conical portion away from the center of the cone, and the pointed cutting edge is located on the conical portion close to the center of the cone. The side cutting edge and the pointed cutting edge are distributed on different generatrices of the conical portion.

[0018] Optionally, the second cutting element includes a plurality of diamond particles arranged along the generatrix of the conical portion and extending to the side of the columnar portion.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The hydraulically controlled drill bit provided by this invention includes a first cutting element and a second cutting element. The second cutting element is disposed on the surface of the drill bit body. The first cutting element is driven by a drive mechanism within the cavity of the drill bit body. When the pressure of the liquid injected into the cavity is high, a movable part pushes the first cutting element to extend. At this time, the length of the first cutting element extending out of the drill bit body is greater than the height of the second cutting element, and the first cutting element drills the casing. When the pressure of the liquid injected into the cavity is low, the first cutting element retracts into the drill bit body, and the second cutting element drills the oil well formation. This hydraulically controlled drill bit can selectively be used for drilling casing or drilling formation, completing both casing opening and formation drilling in a single well run, and can complete the construction of multiple boreholes in one run, improving operational efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydraulic drill bit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the tip of a hydraulic drill bit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the cutting edge of the hydraulic drill bit provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic drill bit casing drilling process provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the formation drilling of an oil well using a hydraulic drill bit, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] In the picture:

[0027] 100, casing; 200, oil well formation;

[0028] 1. Drill bit body; 11. Base body; 111. Clearance groove; 112. First cavity; 12. Connector; 121. Locking part; 1211. Fluid flow hole; 122. Boss; 123. Second cavity;

[0029] 2. Cutting part; 21. First cutting part; 211. Edge cutting edge; 212. Point cutting edge; 22. Second cutting part; 3. Moving part; 31. Piston; 311. Sealing ring; 32. Elastic part; 33. Connecting part. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0031] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0034] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the hydraulically controlled drill bit (hereinafter referred to as "drill bit") provided by the present invention includes a drill bit body 1, a cutting element 2, and a drive mechanism. The drill bit body 1 has an internal cavity. The cutting element 2 includes a first cutting element 21 and a second cutting element 22. The second cutting element 22 is fixedly disposed on the surface of the drill bit body 1. The first cutting element 21 is movably connected to the drill bit body 1 and can selectively extend or retract from the drill bit body 1. When the first cutting element 21 extends from the drill bit body 1, the extension length of the first cutting element 21 is greater than the height of the second cutting element 22. The drive mechanism is disposed in the cavity. The drive mechanism includes a movable element 3. One end of the movable element 3 is connected to the first cutting element 21, and the other end is driven by the liquid injected into the cavity. By changing the pressure of the liquid, the first cutting element 21 can be driven to extend or retract from the drill bit body 1.

[0035] When the first cutting element 21 retracts, the cavity within the drill bit body 1 is sufficient to accommodate the movable element 3 and the first cutting element 21. At this time, the first cutting element 21 does not extend beyond the drill bit body 1, or its extension length is less than that of the second cutting element 22. The second cutting elements 22 are distributed on the surface of the drill bit body 1, and their positions can be determined according to the usage to achieve better drilling results. The drive mechanism includes the movable element 3 and a liquid. The movable element 3 is located in the cavity and can move along the axial direction of the cavity, thereby driving the first cutting element 21 to move; the liquid can be injected into the cavity.

[0036] Because the location to be drilled varies during drilling, the required cutting material 2 also differs. For example... Figures 1-5As shown, the drill bit can control the extension and retraction of the first cutting element 21 by adjusting the fluid pressure. When drilling the casing 100, a high-volume circulation is used, and the fluid pressure causes the movable part 3 in the cavity to push the first cutting element 21 out. At this time, the first cutting element 21 contacts the drilled area first, and the drill bit can drill the casing 100. When drilling the oil well formation 200, a low-volume circulation is used, the fluid pressure decreases, the movable part 3 drives the first cutting element 21 to retract, and the second cutting element 22 contacts the drilled area first, and the drill bit drills the oil well formation 200. By changing the fluid pressure to control the extension and retraction of the first cutting element 21, the drill bit can selectively drill the casing 100 or the oil well formation 200 without having to remove and change the drilling tools during the drilling process, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0037] Optionally, the drill body 1 includes a matrix 11, which comprises a conical portion and a cylindrical portion. A second cutting element 22 is disposed on the surface of the conical portion and the side of the cylindrical portion. The taper of the conical portion can be set as needed to facilitate drilling. The second cutting element 22 is disposed on both the surface of the conical portion and the side of the cylindrical portion, which can keep the drill hole diameter unchanged and play a role in diameter maintenance.

[0038] Optionally, the drill bit body 1 also includes a connector 12, one end of which is connected to the cylindrical part and the other end is connected to the drill rod, through which liquid enters the connector 12.

[0039] The drill bit body 1 has a cavity including a first cavity 112 and a second cavity 123. The first cavity 112 is located within the body 11 to accommodate the first cutting element 21 and the drive mechanism. The connector 12 is cylindrical and contains the second cavity 123, allowing the movable element 3 to move within the second cavity 123. The cylindrical portion is connected to the connector 12 via threads or other means. The end of the connector 12 away from the body 11 is connected to the drill rod, allowing the drill bit to extend into the casing 100 to reach the drilling position. The connection between the connector 12 and the drill rod can be a threaded connection. The drill rod is hollow, allowing liquid to enter the second cavity 123, thereby applying pressure to move the movable element 3, causing the first cutting element 21 to extend out of the body 11.

[0040] Continue to refer to Figures 1-5 Optionally, the tire body 11 is provided with a clearance groove 111, through which the first cutting element 21 extends or retracts into the tire body 11.

[0041] The shape of the clearance groove 111 is adapted to the shape of the first cutting member 21 so that the first cutting member 21 can protrude from the surface of the tire body 11. Preferably, the clearance groove 111 is formed in the conical portion.

[0042] Optionally, the first cutting element 21 includes a side cutting edge 211 and a tip cutting edge 212. The side cutting edge 211 is located on the conical portion away from the center of the cone, and the tip cutting edge 212 is located on the conical portion close to the center of the cone. The side cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 are distributed on different generatrices of the conical portion.

[0043] The edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 can be configured as needed to ensure that the portion extending beyond the surface of the drill body 11 is compatible with the taper of the tapered portion of the drill body 11. Specifically, since the edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 are positioned differently, they can be configured with different shapes. Two edge cutting edges 211 and two tip cutting edges 212 can be provided. It is understood that dividing the first cutting element 21 into two parts, edge cutting edge 211 and tip cutting edge 212, reduces the volume of the cavity occupied when the first cutting element 21 retracts into the drill body 1, avoiding the problem of difficulty in accommodating the retracted part due to excessive radial length of the first cutting element 21. Preferably, the edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 can be made of tool steel, cemented carbide steel, or other materials. The edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 can be made of the same material, or different materials can be selected as needed.

[0044] Optionally, the movable part 3 includes a piston 31, which includes a large end and a small end. The small end is connected to the first cutting part 21, and the large end is disposed away from the first cutting part 21.

[0045] Preferably, the small end is detachably connected to the first cutting member 21 via the connector 33.

[0046] Specifically, the connecting member 33 can be a connecting rod. The connection between the piston 31 and the first cutting member 21 is detachable, which facilitates the replacement of the first cutting member 21 after it wears during drilling, thus avoiding affecting drilling efficiency. After the liquid reaches the joint 12 from the drill rod, the liquid pressure acts on the side of the large end away from the tire body 11, pushing the piston 31 to move closer to the tire body 11. Under the limiting action of the second cavity 123, the piston 31 pushes the first cutting member 21 to move along the axial direction of the joint 12, extending out of the surface of the tire body 11.

[0047] Optionally, the movable part 3 also includes an elastic part 32, which is sleeved on the small end; the connector 12 is provided with a locking part 121, the small end passes through the locking part 121 and connects to the first cutting part 21, and the elastic part 32 is disposed between the locking part 121 and the large end.

[0048] The elastic element 32 allows the piston 31 to move away from the tire body 11 and reset under the elastic action of the elastic element 32 when the liquid pressure decreases, causing the first cutting element 21 to retract. Preferably, the elastic element 32 is a spring. The locking part 121 is located inside the connector 12 at one end near the tire body 11. It can be understood that the locking part 121 can be multiple protrusions distributed on the same circumference inside the second cavity 123, or it can be a ring structure, as long as it can allow the small end of the piston 31 to move along the axial direction of the connector 12 and can serve to abut against the elastic element 32.

[0049] Optionally, the locking part 121 is provided with a liquid flow hole 1211.

[0050] By providing fluid flow holes 1211 on the locking part 121, the problem of insufficient pressure to push the piston 31 can be avoided, which would prevent the liquid from flowing towards the first cavity 112 due to an insufficient gap between the piston 31 and the locking part 121, thus affecting the pressure difference on both sides of the large end. It is understood that the number and distribution of fluid flow holes 1211 on the locking part 121 can be determined according to the actual situation.

[0051] Optionally, a sealing ring 311 is provided in the circumferential direction of the large end, and a boss 122 is provided inside the connector 12. When the large end mates with the boss 122, it is sealed by the sealing ring 311.

[0052] The boss 122 is an annular protrusion within the second cavity 123. When the large end moves to the boss 122, the piston 31 engages with the boss 122 to achieve a seal. When liquid is initially introduced, the piston 31 has not yet formed a seal with the boss 122. The liquid flows through the gap between the piston 31 and the inner wall of the second cavity 123 towards the first cavity 112. At this time, the pressure exerted by the liquid on the piston 31 is relatively small, enough to push the piston 31 to move. Once the piston 31 moves to the position where the sealing ring 311 engages with the boss 122, the piston 31 stops moving, and the liquid no longer flows towards the first cavity 112. The pressure exerted by the liquid on the piston 31 increases, providing sufficient pressure for the drill bit to rotate and drill.

[0053] Continue to refer to Figures 1-5 Optionally, the second cutting element 22 includes a plurality of diamond particles arranged along the generatrix of the conical portion and extending to the side of the columnar portion.

[0054] Preferably, the diamond particles can be arranged in multiple rows. When cutting the casing 100, a cutting tool can be used, but if a cutting tool is used to drill into the oil well formation 200, the tool will be easily worn out quickly. Therefore, wear-resistant diamond particles are selected to drill into the oil well formation 200. At the same time, if diamond particles are used to cut the casing 100, the construction efficiency will be reduced.

[0055] During oil well drilling, a tool system including drill bits, drill pipes, and pressurization devices is used. When using a drill bit, under the drilling pressure and torque applied by the tool system, the drill bit extends from the tool system and contacts the casing wall. When using high-volume circulation, the liquid pressure pushes the piston 31 to overcome the force of the elastic element 32, pushing the edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 to extend until the large end of the piston 31 engages with the boss 122, achieving a seal through the sealing ring 311. At this time, the edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 are fully extended, with the extended portion higher than the height of the diamond particles. Under the action of drilling pressure and torque, the drill bit can cut the casing 100. After drilling through the casing 100, a low-volume circulation is used, the liquid pressure decreases, the piston 31 returns to its original position under the action of the elastic element 32, and the edge cutting edge 211 and the tip cutting edge 212 retract. At this time, the diamond particles are in a protruding state, and the drill bit can drill into the oil well formation 200 under the action of drilling pressure and torque until the predetermined length is reached, thus completing the construction of one borehole. There is no need to remove the drill bit; simply adjust the drill bit position and repeat the above steps to complete the construction of the next borehole. This drill bit reduces the need for repeated drill bit removal, and after the first cutting part 21 wears out, only the first cutting part 21 needs to be replaced, which reduces production costs and improves work efficiency.

[0056] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulically controlled drill bit, characterized in that, include: The drill bit body (1) has a cavity inside; The cutting element (2) includes a first cutting element (21) and a second cutting element (22). The second cutting element (22) is fixedly disposed on the surface of the drill bit body (1). The first cutting element (21) is movably connected to the drill bit body (1) and can selectively extend or retract from the drill bit body (1). When the first cutting element (21) extends out of the drill bit body (1), the extension length of the first cutting element (21) is greater than the height of the second cutting element (22). A drive mechanism is provided in the cavity. The drive mechanism includes a movable part (3). One end of the movable part (3) is connected to the first cutting part (21), and the other end is driven by the liquid injected into the cavity. By changing the pressure of the liquid, the first cutting part (21) can be driven to extend or retract from the drill bit body (1). The drill bit body (1) includes a matrix (11), which includes a conical portion and a cylindrical portion, and the second cutting element (22) is disposed on the surface of the conical portion and the side of the cylindrical portion; The drill bit body (1) also includes a connector (12), one end of which is connected to the columnar part and the other end is connected to the drill rod. The cavity connects the matrix (11) and the connector (12), and the liquid enters the cavity through the drill rod. The movable part (3) includes a piston (31), which includes a large end and a small end. The small end is connected to the first cutting part (21), and the large end is disposed away from the first cutting part (21). The movable part (3) also includes an elastic part (32), which is sleeved on the small end; the connector (12) is provided with a locking part (121), the small end passes through the locking part (121) and is connected to the first cutting part (21), and the elastic part (32) is disposed between the locking part (121) and the large end.

2. The hydraulically controlled drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking part (121) is provided with a liquid flow hole (1211).

3. The hydraulically controlled drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, A sealing ring (311) is provided on the circumference of the large end, and a boss (122) is provided inside the connector (12). When the large end is engaged with the boss (122), the sealing ring (311) provides a seal.

4. The hydraulically controlled drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tire body (11) is provided with a clearance groove (111), and the first cutting part (21) extends out of or retracts into the tire body (11) through the clearance groove (111).

5. The hydraulically controlled drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cutting element (21) includes a side cutting edge (211) and a tip cutting edge (212). The side cutting edge (211) is located on the conical part away from the center of the cone, and the tip cutting edge (212) is located on the conical part close to the center of the cone. The side cutting edge (211) and the tip cutting edge (212) are distributed on different generatrices of the conical part.

6. The hydraulically controlled drill bit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second cutting element (22) includes a plurality of diamond particles arranged along the generatrix of the conical portion and extending to the side of the columnar portion.

Images