Method and apparatus for shaping a workpiece

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for shaping a workpiece (27) with a shaping machine (20), wherein the shaping machine (20) comprises at least one electromechanical drive (1) with an electric drive source (2), at least one shaping tool (28), whose working movement (32) is caused by the electromechanical drive (1), and at least one brake device (5), which can be actuated between a release position and a braking position for braking and / or preventing the working movement (32) of the shaping tool (28), characterized in that, before a movement phase (33) of the shaping tool (28), during the braking position of the brake device (5), the electric drive source (2) generates a drive torque (M) such that a braking torque (B) of the brake device (5) counteracts the drive torque (M) of the electric drive source (2), and the start of the movement phase (33) of the shaping tool (28) is triggered by shifting the brake device (5) into the release position and / or into a position with a reduced braking torque, and / or during the shaping step, the working movement (32) of the shaping tool (28) is carried out intermittently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for forming a workpiece, preferably in the shape of a sheet, using a forming machine. The invention also relates to a forming machine. Background Technology

[0002] Various types of forming machines, especially bending machines, are known in the prior art. Hydraulic pressure drives are typically used here, which actuate and trigger the working movements of one or more forming tools. Braking devices are configured to improve machine safety, particularly to protect personnel.

[0003] In a completely different field, EP1524455A2 discloses a motor associated with an electric linear actuator in the form of a spindle drive, which drives a drive shaft within a drive housing via a transmission. A braking device is also provided, comprising an axially movable first clutch disc and a second clutch disc, the second clutch disc interacting with the drive shaft via a hub. The first clutch disc presses the second clutch disc against a third clutch disc. Actuation of the spool moves the first clutch disc to a released position, thereby allowing the second clutch disc to rotate with the input shaft.

[0004] Similarly, in relation to linear actuators as drive sources, EP2333380A1 discloses a motor and a braking device having a rotating brake disc and a fixed brake disc, the fixed brake disc being movable relative to the rotating brake disc and capable of braking the drive shaft by friction.

[0005] The disadvantages of the prior art, in particular, are that the disclosed actuators and their operation are unsuitable for workpiece forming, especially for forming steps that must be performed precisely and reproducibly. It should also be mentioned that the braking effect, especially the braking torque or braking force, is too low for some applications. The time elapsed between the actuation of the braking device and the braking effect (e.g., the actuator stopping or braking to the desired level) is generally too long. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for forming workpieces. This method enables the forming tool to act immediately and rapidly on the workpiece, while improving the efficiency and accuracy of workpiece forming. Furthermore, the effects of the forming tool should be limited as much as possible, particularly regarding the magnitude of the applied force and / or the duration of the force's action. Additionally, the time required to form the workpiece should be reduced, especially for those cases where the forming step comprises multiple sub-steps. In a preferred embodiment, the braking effect and the efficiency of the braking process or the application of braking torque should also be improved.

[0007] The objective is achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the beginning, wherein, prior to the movement phase of the forming tool, while the braking device is in the braking position, the electric drive source generates a driving torque such that the braking torque of the braking device counteracts the driving torque of the electric drive source, and the start of the movement phase of the forming tool is triggered by moving the braking device to a release position and / or a position with reduced braking torque.

[0008] And / or during the forming step, the working motion of the forming tool is performed intermittently.

[0009] The workpiece to be formed is preferably a plate-shaped workpiece made of metal, especially sheet metal. Therefore, the forming machine is preferably a sheet forming machine, especially a bending machine, such as a bending press or a pivot bending machine.

[0010] The method is controlled by a control device. The control device controls both the electric drive source and the braking device, thereby allowing control of one or more motion phases, particularly their initiation and / or their sequence. Therefore, the control device actuates the electric drive source and the braking device according to the method of the invention, and thus controls the driving torque (of the drive source) and the braking torque (of the braking device). The drive source and the braking device act directly or indirectly on the forming tool.

[0011] For example, the operating modes corresponding to the method according to the invention can be stored in the control device (e.g., in addition to other operating modes).

[0012] The method according to the invention allows the working motion of the forming tool to be divided into individual motion stages, wherein the forming tool stops or slows down between each motion stage. The division of the individual motion stages is performed by a braking device. That is, the working motion can be controlled by the braking device.

[0013] This invention has two main advantages. According to the first variant, the braking device is used to trigger the start of the motion phase. Thus, the control function undertaken by the braking device involves not only braking or stopping the working motion, but also triggering or releasing the motion. This type of control can be used not only for one-time motion phases, but also, particularly, for intermittent (e.g., hammering) working motions with multiple interrupted motion phases. Here, the braking device has the function of controlling the sequence of motion phases.

[0014] The significant advantage of this approach is that the driving torque of the drive source does not need to be established beforehand at the start of the motion phase (and therefore at the start of the workpiece machining phase); it is already available. The rapid shift of the braking device to the release position causes the existing driving torque to act directly on the forming tool, and thus on the workpiece. This results in a defined working step, also initiated by a pulse or impact defined by time and force and always accurately reproducible.

[0015] Another advantage is that the interaction between the electric drive source and the actuable braking device makes a series of motion phases in intermittent actuation possible. Here, the method is also controlled by a control device. The control device controls both the electric drive source and the braking device, thus allowing control over one or more motion phases of the intermittent motion, particularly their initiation and / or their sequence.

[0016] The braking device includes an actuator connected to a control unit of the forming machine. Therefore, the control unit switches the braking device between a release position and a braking position by actuating the actuator.

[0017] The braking device is preferably a friction brake. This allows for a particularly rapid transition between the braking and release positions. Consequently, the duration of each phase of motion, and the time between each phase, is preferably less than 1.5 seconds, and preferably less than 1 second.

[0018] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the direction of movement of the forming tool remains constant throughout the various phases of the intermittent working motion and / or the path covered by the forming tool during the intermittent working motion consists of path segments covered during the various phases of the intermittent working motion. This is a progressive movement of the forming tool. For example, the bending step can here be achieved through separate partial steps. Here, the (repetitive) impact-like movement of the forming tool can generate the necessary forming force.

[0019] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the working motion of the forming tool during the forming step includes multiple, preferably at least three motion phases, wherein the motion phases are interrupted, and in the phases the forming tool is stationary or moves at a speed lower than that of the motion phase, wherein the length of a single motion phase is preferably less than 3 seconds and preferably less than 1.5 seconds, respectively, and / or the length of the phase in which the forming tool is stationary or moves at a speed lower than that of the motion phase is preferably less than 3 seconds and preferably less than 1.5 seconds, respectively.

[0020] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the intermittent working motion of the forming tool is caused by the intermittent actuation of the braking device between a release position and a braking position. Here, the braking device performs a control function, thereby ensuring precise and accurate machining of the workpiece.

[0021] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electric drive source also generates driving torque during the braking phases when the braking device is in the braking position during intermittent actuation of the braking device. The drive source does not always need to establish new driving torque during this period, as this is related to the repetitive delay at the start of each motion phase.

[0022] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the driving torque of the motor remains substantially constant during the forming step, which involves intermittent working motion of the forming tool. This minimizes the control workload on the drive source when controlling the braking device.

[0023] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electromechanical actuator includes a rotating component and the braking device acts on the rotating component, wherein the electric drive source is preferably formed by a motor, and the driving torque of the motor acts on the rotating component. Simple and efficient braking devices, such as friction brakes, and high-power actuators, such as motors, can be used here.

[0024] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that, during the phases when the braking device is intermittently actuated and in the braking position, the braking torque acting on the rotating component is higher than the driving torque acting on the rotating component. This measure allows the movement of the forming tool to stop between the various phases of motion.

[0025] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electromechanical drive includes a transmission mechanism, particularly a linear transmission, which converts the rotation of the rotating component into linear motion of a transmission element that acts directly or indirectly on the forming tool, wherein the transmission element is preferably designed in the form of a spindle.

[0026] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the braking device is integrated into the electromechanical drive and / or the electric drive source and the braking device are housed in the same housing.

[0027] The present invention also relates to a forming machine, particularly a bending machine, for forming workpieces, preferably in the form of plates, wherein the forming machine includes...

[0028] - At least one electromechanical drive with an electric drive source,

[0029] - At least one forming tool, the working motion of which is caused by the electromechanical drive.

[0030] - At least one braking device, said braking device being actuated between a release position and a braking position for braking and / or preventing the working movement of the forming tool (28), and

[0031] - A control device for controlling the electric drive source and the braking device.

[0032] Its characteristic is that the operation mode is stored in the control device, and the electric drive source and the braking device can be controlled in the following manner through the operation mode:

[0033] Prior to the movement phase of the forming tool, while the braking device is in the braking position, the electric drive source generates a driving torque such that the braking torque of the braking device counteracts the driving torque of the electric drive source, and the start of the movement phase of the forming tool is triggered by moving the braking device to a release position and / or a position with reduced braking torque.

[0034] And / or during the forming step, the working motion of the forming tool is performed intermittently.

[0035] The forming machine is preferably a bending machine and can be designed as, for example, a bending press, particularly a folding press or a pivot bending machine.

[0036] Such a forming machine may include a first (e.g., upper) tool carrier and a second (e.g., lower) tool carrier, the relative motion of which is a working motion. In this case, for example, one tool carrier may be fixed, while the other tool carrier may be moved by an electric actuator.

[0037] At least one electric actuator of the forming machine acts on the tool carrier, preferably on the upper tool carrier. The forming tool is held by the tool carrier.

[0038] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electromechanical actuator includes a rotating component and the braking device acts on the rotating component, wherein the electric drive source is preferably formed by a motor, and the driving torque of the motor acts on the rotating component.

[0039] In the following implementations, the braking effect and the efficiency of the braking process or the application of braking torque should also be improved. This is to enhance safety, particularly in applications where operators are working or handling hazardous areas, and where the drive must therefore stop immediately under certain conditions. Improvements to the braking system will enhance the reliability, performance, and availability of electromechanical drives in various applications.

[0040] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electric drive source is a motor, and the electromechanical actuator has a rotating component rotatable about a rotation axis by the motor, and the braking device has a brake disc that rotates with the rotating component and a braking element adjustable in the axial direction, the braking element acting on the brake disc in the braking position, wherein the brake disc has…

[0041] -Internal area,

[0042] - A friction surface region extending annularly around the axis of rotation, the friction surface region having a first friction surface formed on a first side of the brake disc, and

[0043] - An intermediate region extending about the axis of rotation between the friction surface region and the inner region.

[0044] Furthermore, a first mating surface is formed on the braking element, the first mating surface faces the first friction surface, and interacts with the first friction surface in the braking position.

[0045] The braking element does not rotate with the rotating component. In other words, the braking element is stationary relative to the rotating component or the brake disc rotatably connected to the rotating component. In the braking position, the braking element exerts its braking effect through frictional engagement with the brake disc. According to an embodiment of the invention, the friction surface region is located radially outside the inner region and also outside the intermediate region. Although the inner region can be used as a fastening region (for fastening to the rotating component), the intermediate region is preferably designed to be deformable. Preferably, even in the braking position, the inner and intermediate regions do not contact the braking element. The outer peripheral region has the highest braking effect. On the one hand, the speed is greatest there; on the other hand, the greatest braking torque can also be applied there.

[0046] The braking element can be moved axially from the release position to the braking position. This movement reduces the braking clearance until the braking element presses its first mating surface against the first friction surface of the brake disc.

[0047] The braking torque is transmitted to the rotating component via regions located further in the radial direction (the inner region and the middle region).

[0048] The brake disc can be axially fixed relative to the rotating components through its internal region. In the braking position, the braking element presses against the outer friction surface region, thereby applying a deformation force to the brake disc. The latter then bends in the axial direction.

[0049] Rotating components can be, for example, drive shafts, threaded nuts (e.g. in the case of spindle drives), rotors (of electric motors), or any rotating element of the transmission system.

[0050] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the central region of the brake disc does not contact the braking element in either the release or braking position, and / or in the braking position, the contact of the braking element is limited to contact with the brake disc on the first friction surface. The effect of this measure is that frictional engagement occurs only in the area of ​​the friction surface region, while the inner and central regions do not directly contact the braking element. Therefore, the central region is particularly sensitive to additional functions.

[0051] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the intermediate region is a deformable region, capable of elastically deforming axially by the action of the braking element on the brake disc. Compared to known solutions, in this case, the brake disc can be axially fixed to the rotating component. Generally, a rigid connection can be provided between the brake disc and the rotating component. This increases the braking effect, particularly as the braking force is directly transmitted to the rotating component.

[0052] A key feature of a preferred embodiment is the formation of cuts, preferably in the form of interruptions and / or material weaknesses, within the deformable region. The degree of deformability can be determined by the number of cuts and optimized for different application areas. Alternatively, the deformable region may also be characterized by a smaller material thickness compared to the internal and / or friction surface regions.

[0053] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the total area of ​​the cuts in the deformable region is at least as large as the total area occupied by the remaining material. This ensures sufficient deformation, especially when the friction surface region presses against the second mating surface in the braking position.

[0054] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the friction surface region has a second friction surface formed on a second side of the brake disc opposite to the first side, and the friction surface region of the brake disc is disposed between the first mating surface and the second mating surface, the second mating surface facing the second friction surface and interacting with the second friction surface in the braking position. In the release position of the braking device, a braking gap is formed between the corresponding mating surfaces. The deformable intermediate region can cleverly ensure, and as an alternative to the axial displacement of the brake disc relative to the rotating component, that the braking gap is closed over the entire surface by the axial deformation of the brake disc.

[0055] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the first mating surface is annular and / or the second mating surface is annular.

[0056] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the friction surface region is arranged around the periphery of the brake disc, wherein the first friction surface and / or the second friction surface preferably extends to the outer periphery of the brake disc. As already mentioned, the braking effect of the brake disc is greatest in the outermost region.

[0057] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the difference between the outer radius and the inner radius of the friction surface region is at most 1 / 3, preferably at most 1 / 4, of the outer radius of the brake disc.

[0058] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electromechanical actuator has a housing, and a second mating surface is formed on the housing portion or on an element fixedly connected to the housing portion. This allows braking torque to be directly introduced into the (fixed) housing. Braking energy released as heat can also be transferred to the housing, meaning that complex brake cooling can be eliminated because heat can be directly conducted to the outside through the housing.

[0059] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the internal region of the brake disc has at least one, preferably multiple, fastening interfaces arranged annularly, preferably in the form of holes, for fastening the brake disc to the rotating component, wherein the number of fastening interfaces is preferably greater than 10 and / or greater than the number of cutouts in the deformed region. A rigid connection between the brake disc and the rotating component is particularly preferred herein, which can be ensured, for example, by screws.

[0060] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that, in the released position of the braking device, the first friction surface and the first mating surface are deviated from parallel orientation and / or, in the released position of the braking device, the second friction surface and the second mating surface are deviated from parallel orientation. This measure can be used, for example, to reduce pressure in the inner section of the friction surface region, while increasing pressure relative to the outer section of the friction surface region. Thus, by appropriately determining the dimensions of (or multiple) friction surfaces or mating surfaces (or braking clearance), a more uniform pressure distribution can be achieved. This reduces wear and extends service life. These advantages can also be achieved, for example, through the following preferred embodiments.

[0061] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that,

[0062] The distance between the first friction surface and the first mating surface decreases radially, wherein this distance is preferably at least 1 mm smaller, and more preferably at least 0.2 mm smaller, at the radial outer edge of the first friction surface than at the radial inner edge of the first friction surface.

[0063] And / or the distance between the second friction surface and the second mating surface decreases in the radial direction, wherein the distance is preferably at least 1 mm smaller, preferably at least 0.2 mm smaller, at the radial outer edge of the second friction surface than at the radial inner edge of the second friction surface.

[0064] In the braking position, the pressure decreases in the inner section of the friction surface area, while it increases relative to the friction surface area in the outer section. Furthermore, this allows, to some extent, adaptation to brake discs that bend axially during braking.

[0065] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that, in the released position of the braking device, the first friction surface and the first mating surface are inclined toward each other, and / or, in the released position of the braking device, the second friction surface and the second mating surface are inclined toward each other.

[0066] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the first friction surface and / or the first mating surface has a curved profile in the radial direction, and / or the second friction surface and / or the second mating surface has a curved profile in the radial direction.

[0067] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the inner region of the brake disc is axially fixed to the rotating component and / or the inner region of the brake disc is rigidly connected to the rotating component, preferably by screws.

[0068] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that a first spacer ring is arranged between the inner region of the brake disc and the rotating component, wherein the inner region of the brake disc is preferably clamped between the first spacer ring and a second spacer ring, preferably by screws. One or more spacer rings can be used to set or optimize the relative positions of the friction surfaces(s) with respect to the mating surfaces(s). They also ensure a uniform distribution of pressure.

[0069] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the electromechanical drive is a spindle drive, wherein the rotating component connected to the brake disc is designed in the form of a threaded nut that interacts with the spindle of the spindle drive.

[0070] A notable feature of a preferred embodiment is that the brake disc has a disc-shaped base, and the first friction surface and / or the second friction surface are formed by a preferred annular brake pad, which is applied to the base and / or protrudes beyond the base in the axial direction.

[0071] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the braking element is preloaded in the direction of the braking position. Here, the braking position can also be maintained by a passive (spring) element independent of actuation or energization.

[0072] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the braking element is preloaded toward the braking position by a plurality of springs arranged in a ring and preferably overlapping with the first mating surface.

[0073] A notable feature of a preferred embodiment is that the spring is housed in a removable housing portion of the electromechanical actuator.

[0074] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the braking device includes at least one actuator, which is controllable by the control device and preferably in the form of an electromagnet, by which the braking element can be moved into a release position and / or a braking position, wherein the actuator is preferably housed in a removable housing portion of the electromechanical actuator. The advantage of this variation is that, in the event of a power failure or operational error, the electromagnet is de-energized and the braking device automatically falls into the braking position.

[0075] A significant feature of a preferred embodiment is that the braking device is integrated into the electromechanical drive and / or the motor and braking device are housed in a common housing. This increases the immediacy of the braking effect because braking occurs in the direct region where the motor torque is generated.

[0076] A significant feature of the preferred embodiment of the forming equipment is that the control device having a stored operating mode is configured to operate the forming machine by manipulating an electric drive source and a braking device according to the method of the present invention, particularly according to one of the above embodiments.

[0077] A significant feature of the preferred embodiment of this method is that the forming machine is designed according to the invention, and in particular according to one of the embodiments described above.

[0078] The objective is also achieved by a forming machine, particularly a bending machine, preferably a bending press, having at least one drive, particularly a pressure drive, for the working motion, wherein, according to one of the above embodiments, the at least one drive is an electromechanical drive. Such a forming machine may include a first (e.g., upper) tool carrier and a second (e.g., lower) tool carrier, the relative motion of which is the working motion. The aforementioned electromechanical drive is particularly suitable for use in forming machines because the proposed braking device responds particularly quickly, and therefore, the operator is reliably protected (especially in safety-related situations involving stopping or slowing down the working motion), and also "protects" the workpiece from incorrect or error-prone processing procedures. Attached Figure Description

[0079] To better understand this invention, a more detailed explanation is provided with reference to the following accompanying drawings.

[0080] They are all shown in extremely simplified schematic diagrams:

[0081] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the electromechanical drive is shown;

[0082] Figure 2 Details of the perspective view of the braking device are shown;

[0083] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the braking device is shown;

[0084] Figure 4 The brake disc is shown;

[0085] Figure 5 The interaction between the braking element and the brake disc is shown;

[0086] Figure 6 The braking device in the released position is shown;

[0087] Figure 7 The braking device in the released position is shown;

[0088] Figure 8 A braking device having a second braking surface and a mating surface in the release position is shown;

[0089] Figure 9 A braking device having a second braking surface and a mating surface in the release position is shown;

[0090] Figure 10 A braking device with a pre-tensioned braking element is shown;

[0091] Figure 11 A housing portion having a housing for a spring and a housing for an actuator is shown;

[0092] Figure 12 A forming machine in the form of a bending press with an electromechanical drive is shown;

[0093] Figure 13 A control device with an electromechanical drive is shown;

[0094] Figure 14 The time curves of the driving torque of the drive source and the braking torque of the braking device in the first embodiment are shown.

[0095] Figure 15 The time curves of the (substantially constant) driving torque of the drive source and the (intermittent) braking torque of the braking device during intermittent working motion are shown in the second embodiment.

[0096] Figure 16 The time curves of (intermittent) driving torque and (intermittent) braking torque during intermittent working motion are shown in the third embodiment;

[0097] Figure 17 The path covered by the forming tool during the forming step is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0098] As a guideline, it should be noted that in different described embodiments, the same components have the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosure contained throughout the specification can be applied to the same components having the same reference numerals or the same component names. The positional information selected in the description, such as upper, lower, side, etc., is related to the figures directly described and illustrated, and this positional information will be transferred to the new position when the position changes.

[0099] The exemplary embodiments illustrate possible variations of the embodiments. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the same specific embodiment variations shown, but various combinations of the various embodiment variations with each other are also possible, and the possibility of such variations is based on the teaching of technical actions by experts working in the art through the invention.

[0100] The scope of protection is defined by the claims. However, the description and drawings should be used to interpret the claims. Specific features or combinations of features from the different exemplary embodiments shown and described may themselves represent independent inventive solutions. The purpose on which an independent inventive solution is based can be found in the description.

[0101] All information regarding value ranges in this specification should be understood to include any and all subranges. For example, information 1 to 10 should be understood to represent all subranges starting from the lower limit of 1 to the upper limit of 10. That is, all subranges begin with a lower limit of 1 or greater and end with an upper limit of 10 or less, such as 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10.

[0102] Finally, for clarity, it should be noted that some components are not shown to scale and / or are enlarged and / or reduced in size for better understanding of the structure.

[0103] Figure 12 A forming machine (in the form of a bending machine) for forming (bending) a workpiece 27, preferably in a plate shape, is shown. The forming machine 20 includes at least one electromechanical drive 1 having an electric drive source 2, which represents according to Figure 12 The pressure actuator in the implementation method.

[0104] The forming machine includes at least one forming tool 28 whose working motion 32 is caused by an electromechanical drive 1, and at least one braking device 5, which can be actuated between a release position and a braking position for braking and / or stopping the working motion 32 of the forming tool 28 (see...). Figure 13 ).

[0105] Figure 14 and Figure 15 The method for forming workpiece 17 is now schematically shown. Figure 14 As can be seen, before the movement phase 33 of the forming tool 28, when the braking device 5 is in the braking position, the electric drive source 2 generates a driving torque M, which causes the braking torque B of the braking device 5 to counteract the driving torque M of the electric drive source 2. The start of the movement phase 33 of the forming tool 28 is triggered by moving the braking device 5 to the release position and / or a position with reduced braking torque.

[0106] exist Figure 15 It can also be seen that the working motion 32 of the forming tool 28 is performed intermittently during the forming step.

[0107] The various motion stages 33 of the working motion 32 of the forming tool 28 Figure 17 The diagram illustrates this schematically. The path covered by the forming tool 28 during the intermittent working motion consists of path segments covered during the various motion phases 33 of the intermittent working motion 32. It can also be seen here that the direction of movement of the forming tool 28 can remain unchanged during the various motion phases 33 of the intermittent working motion 32.

[0108] at last, Figure 16 A variation is shown in which the driving torque M of the electric drive source 2 is also generated intermittently in order to achieve intermittent working motion.

[0109] The working motion 32 of the forming tool 28 preferably includes multiple motion phases 33 during the forming step, wherein the motion phases 33 are interrupted by a phase 34 in which the forming tool 28 is stationary or moves at a lower speed than in the motion phases 33. The length of each individual motion phase 33 is preferably less than 3 seconds, preferably less than 1.5 seconds. The length of the phase 34 in which the forming tool 28 is stationary or moves at a lower speed than in the motion phases 33 is preferably less than 3 seconds, preferably less than 1.5 seconds. In this way, for example, a "hammering" effect of the forming tool 28 on the workpiece 27 can be achieved.

[0110] From the basis Figure 15 As can be seen from the variant, the intermittent working motion of the forming tool 28 is caused by the intermittent actuation of the braking device 5 between the release position and the braking position. During the phases when the braking device 5 is in the braking position during those intermittent actuations, the braking torque B acting on the rotating component 3 can be higher than the driving torque M acting on the rotating component 3. In this case, the actuation of the braking device 5 causes the forming tool 28 to stop (temporarily).

[0111] The electric drive source 2 can also generate a driving torque M during the braking phase when the braking device 5 is in the braking position during intermittent actuation of the braking device 5. For example, the driving torque M can be kept substantially constant during the forming step using the intermittent working motion 32 of the forming tool 28.

[0112] from Figure 13 And will be described in detail later. Figures 1 to 9 As can be seen in the preferred embodiment, the electromechanical actuator 1 includes a rotating component 3 and a braking device 5 acts on the rotating component 3. An electric drive source 2, which may be formed by a motor, also acts on the rotating component 3 with its driving torque M.

[0113] In the case of an electric motor, the drive source 2 may include, for example, a stator 2a connected to and / or fixed relative to the housing 13, and a rotor 2b connected to or directly mounted on the rotating part 3. Corresponding power and / or control lines are supplied to the electric drive source 2.

[0114] As described in more detail later in the example of the spindle drive, the electromechanical drive 1 may include a transmission mechanism, particularly a linear gearbox, that converts the rotation of the rotating part 3 into linear motion of the transmission element 23, which acts directly or indirectly on the forming tool 28. The transmission element 23 may be designed, for example, in the form of a spindle or a rack (on which rotating gears act).

[0115] Braking device 5 is integrated into electromechanical drive 1, such as Figure 13 As preferably shown, the electric drive source 2 and the braking device 5 can be housed in the same housing 13.

[0116] Figure 13 The control device 30 of the forming machine 20 for controlling the electric drive source 2 and the braking device 5 is also shown. An operation mode 31 is stored in the control device 30, through which the electric drive source 2 and the braking device 5 can be controlled to perform the above-described method. The interaction between the drive source 2 and the braking device 5 has been described in detail above. The (reverse) action of the driving torque M and the braking torque B according to the invention enables the advantages mentioned in the introduction of the specification to be achieved.

[0117] Further preferred embodiments of the electromechanical drive 1 will be referred to below. Figures 1 to 11 A more detailed description follows. These are particularly suitable for implementing the methods according to the invention.

[0118] Figure 1An electromechanical drive 1 is shown, which includes a motor 2 and a rotating component 3, which is rotatable about a rotation axis 4 by the motor 2. The motor has a stator 2a and a rotor 2b, the stator being supported, for example, on the inside of a housing 13 (e.g., in the form of windings), and the rotor being connected, for example, to the rotating component 3 and / or arranged directly on the rotating component 3 (e.g., in the form of a permanent magnet).

[0119] The electromechanical drive 1 also includes a braking device 5 actuable between a braking position and a release position. The braking device 5 has a brake disc 6 that rotates with the rotating component 3 and a braking element 7, which is adjustable in the axial direction and acts on the brake disc 6 in the braking position (see also...). Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

[0120] from Figure 4 It can be seen that the brake disc 6 can have

[0121] -Internal area 8,

[0122] - Friction surface region 10, which extends annularly around the rotation axis 4, having a first friction surface 11 formed on a first side of the brake disc 6, and

[0123] - Intermediate region 9, which extends around the axis of rotation 4 between the friction surface region 10 and the inner region 8.

[0124] A first mating surface 17 is formed on the braking element 7, which faces the first friction surface 11 and interacts with the first friction surface 11 in the braking position.

[0125] The motor 2 and the braking device 5 are preferably housed in a common housing 13.

[0126] In the preferred embodiment shown, the central region 9 of the brake disc 6 does not contact the brake element 7 in either the release or braking position. In the braking position, the contact between the brake element 7 and the brake disc 6 is limited to the first friction surface 11 (see...). Figure 2 , 7 And 9). For example, from Figure 5 It can also be seen that the area of ​​the braking element 7 adjacent to the first mating surface 17 can be retracted behind the mating surface 17.

[0127] exist Figure 4 In the preferred embodiment of the brake disc 6 shown, the intermediate region 9 is a deformation region, which can elastically deform along the axial direction by the action of the braking element 7 on the brake disc 6 (see...). Figure 7 and 9 ).

[0128] like Figure 4As shown, cuts 19, preferably in the form of interruptions and / or material weaknesses, can be formed in the deformed region. Preferably, the total area of ​​the cuts 19 in the deformed region is at least as large as the total area occupied by the remaining material.

[0129] Although according to Figure 5-7 The implementation method only has a first friction surface and a mating surface, but Figure 1-3 as well as Figure 8 and 9 A variation shows that the friction surface region 10 may have a second friction surface 12 formed on the second side of the brake disc 6 opposite to the first side. The friction surface region 10 of the brake disc 6 is arranged between the first mating surface 17 and the second mating surface 18, the second mating surface facing the second friction surface 12 and interacting with the second friction surface 12 in the braking position.

[0130] The brake disc 6 has a disc-shaped base 24. The first friction surface 11 or the second friction surface 12 is formed of a brake pad, preferably annular, which is applied to the base 24 and / or protrudes axially beyond the base 26. Figure 5-9 ).

[0131] Both the first mating surface 17 and the second mating surface 18 are annular. Multiple interrupted mating surface regions can also be considered, for example, in segmented arrangements.

[0132] from Figure 4 As can be clearly seen, the friction surface region 10 is preferably arranged in the outer periphery of the brake disc 6. Here, the first friction surface 11 and / or the second friction surface 12 can extend to the outer edge of the brake disc 6. The difference between the outer radius and the inner radius of the friction surface region 10 is preferably at most 1 / 3, more preferably at most 1 / 4, of the outer radius of the brake disc 6.

[0133] Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the electromechanical actuator 1 has a (multi-part) housing 13. A second mating surface 18 may be formed on the housing portion 13a or on an element fixedly connected to the housing portion 13a. In this way, braking torque and the resulting frictional heat can be directly introduced into the housing.

[0134] exist Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, the internal region 8 of the brake disc 6 has a plurality of fastening interfaces 16 arranged in a ring shape, preferably in the form of holes, for fastening the brake disc 6 to the rotating component 3. The number of these fastening interfaces 16 is preferably greater than 10 and / or greater than the number of cutouts 19 in the deformed region. The large number of fastening interfaces allows for particularly precise adjustment of the brake disc relative to the mating surface.

[0135] exist Figure 6-9In a variant, when the braking device 5 is in the released position, the first friction surface 11 and the first mating surface 17 deviate from their parallel orientation. Similarly, the second friction surface 12 and the second mating surface 18 may deviate from their parallel orientation.

[0136] In a preferred manner, the distance between the first friction surface 11 and the first mating surface 17 decreases in the radial direction, wherein the distance is preferably at least 1 mm smaller, and more preferably at least 0.2 mm smaller, at the radial outer edge of the first friction surface 11 than at the radial inner edge of the first friction surface 11.

[0137] Similarly, the distance between the second friction surface 12 and the second mating surface 18 can be reduced in the radial direction, wherein the distance is preferably at the radial outer edge of the second friction surface 12 that is at most 1 mm smaller, preferably at most 0.2 mm smaller, than at the radial inner edge of the second friction surface 12.

[0138] The friction surface and the mating surface can be inclined to each other. The friction surface and the mating surface can also have a curved profile in the radial direction.

[0139] Especially from Figure 1-3 As can be seen, the inner region 8 of the brake disc 6 can be axially fixed to the rotating component 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the inner region 8 of the brake disc 6 is rigidly connected to the rotating component 3. This is accomplished by screws passing through holes (fastening interface 16; see...) Figure 4 )Protect and press the brake disc against the rotating component 3.

[0140] exist Figure 3 As can be seen in the embodiment, the first spacer ring 14 is arranged between the inner region 8 of the brake disc 6 and the rotating component 3. The inner region 8 of the brake disc 6 is also pressed between the first spacer ring 14 and the second spacer ring 15. This is accomplished by the same screws used to fix the brake disc 7 to the rotating component 3 as described above.

[0141] In the preferred variant shown, the electromechanical drive 1 is a spindle drive, wherein the rotating component 3 connected to the brake disc 6 is designed in the form of a threaded nut, which interacts with the spindle 23 of the spindle drive. When the motor is actuated and the threaded nut (rotating component 3) rotates linearly downward or upward along the rotation axis 4, the lower end of the spindle 23 moves ( Figure 1 ).

[0142] Braking element 7 can be preloaded towards the braking position. Finally Figure 10 and 11 As shown, the braking element 7 is preloaded toward the braking position by a plurality of springs 21 arranged in a ring and preferably overlapping the first mating surface 17.

[0143] Spring 21 can be housed in the removable housing portion 13b of electromechanical actuator 1 (e.g., in the form of a cover or end cap).

[0144] exist Figure 1-3 As can be seen from Figures 1 and 10, the braking device 5 includes an actuator 22, preferably in the form of an electromagnet, by which the braking element 6 can be moved into the release position and / or into the braking position. Similar to the spring 21, the actuator 22 can be housed in the removable housing portion 13b of the electromechanical actuator 1.

[0145] at last, Figure 12 A forming machine 20 in the form of a bending press is shown, having at least one drive, particularly a pressure drive, for the working motion (of the forming tools). One or more drives are designed herein as electromechanical drives 1. Such a forming machine may include a first (e.g., upper) tool carrier 25 (for holding at least one first forming tool 28) and a second (e.g., lower) tool carrier 26 (for holding at least one second forming tool 29), the relative motion of which is the working motion. In this case, as... Figure 12 As shown, the second tool carrier 26 can be stationary, while the first tool carrier 25 can be moved by one or more drives 1. The aforementioned electromechanical drives are particularly suitable for use in bending machines because the proposed braking device responds particularly quickly, and therefore the operator is reliably protected, especially in safety-related situations involving stopping or slowing down the work motion, and also "protects" the workpiece from incorrect or error-prone machining procedures.

[0146] List of reference numerals

[0147] 1 Electromechanical drive

[0148] 2 motors

[0149] 2a Stator

[0150] 2b Rotor

[0151] 3 Rotating components

[0152] 4. Rotation axis

[0153] 5. Braking device

[0154] 6. Brake disc

[0155] 7 Braking components

[0156] 8. Internal Area

[0157] 9. Middle Area

[0158] 10 Friction Surface Area

[0159] 11 First friction surface

[0160] 12 Second friction surface

[0161] 13. Shell

[0162] 13a Casing section

[0163] 13b Casing section

[0164] 14 First spacer ring

[0165] 15 Second spacer ring

[0166] 16 Fastening Interface

[0167] 17 First mating surface

[0168] 18 Second mating surface

[0169] 19 Incisions

[0170] 20 Forming Machine

[0171] 21 Springs

[0172] 22 Actuators

[0173] 23 Spindle

[0174] 24 Matrix

[0175] 25 First tool carrier

[0176] 26 Second tool carrier

[0177] 27 workpieces

[0178] 28 Forming tools

[0179] 29 Forming tools

[0180] 30 Control device

[0181] 31 Operating Modes

[0182] 32 Work Movement

[0183] 33. Movement Stage

[0184] 34 stages

[0185] B Braking torque

[0186] M driving torque

Claims

1. A method for forming a workpiece (27) using a forming machine (20), wherein, The forming machine (20) includes: - At least one electromechanical drive (1) with an electric drive source (2), - At least one forming tool (28), whose working motion (32) is caused by the electromechanical drive (1), and - At least one braking device (5), said braking device being actuated between a release position and a braking position for braking and / or preventing the working movement (32) of the forming tool (28), Its features are, Before the movement phase (33) of the forming tool (28), during the braking position of the braking device (5), the electric drive source (2) generates a driving torque (M) such that the braking torque (B) of the braking device (5) counteracts the driving torque (M) of the electric drive source (2), and the start of the movement phase (33) of the forming tool (28) is triggered by moving the braking device (5) to a release position and / or a position with reduced braking torque; and / or During the forming step, the working motion (32) of the forming tool (28) is performed intermittently.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The workpiece (27) is a plate-shaped workpiece, and the forming machine (20) is a bending machine.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direction of motion of the forming tool (28) remains unchanged in each motion phase (33) of the intermittent working motion (32). And / or the path covered by the forming tool (28) during intermittent working motion consists of path segments covered during the various motion phases (33) of the intermittent working motion (32).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The working motion (32) of the forming tool (28) during the forming step includes multiple motion phases (33), wherein the motion phases (33) are interrupted by a phase (34) in which the forming tool (28) is stationary or moves at a lower speed than the motion phases (33).

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The length of each of the individual motion phases (33) is less than 3 seconds, and / or the length of each phase (34) in which the forming tool (28) is stationary or moves at a lower speed than the motion phase (33) is less than 3 seconds.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The intermittent working motion of the forming tool (28) is caused by the intermittent actuation of the braking device (5) between the release position and the braking position.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The electric drive source (2) also generates a driving torque (M) during the period when the braking devices (5) are in the braking position during the intermittent actuation of the braking devices (5).

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, During the forming step of the intermittent working motion (32) of the forming tool (28), the driving torque (M) of the electric drive source remains substantially constant.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The electromechanical drive (1) includes a rotating component (3) and the braking device (5) acts on the rotating component (3).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the phase when the intermittently actuated braking devices (5) are in the braking position, the braking torque (B) acting on the rotating component (3) is higher than the driving torque (M) acting on the rotating component (3).

11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The electromechanical drive (1) includes a transmission mechanism that converts the rotation of the rotating component (3) into linear motion of a transmission element (23), which acts directly or indirectly on the forming tool (28).

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The braking device (5) is integrated in the electromechanical drive (1) and / or the electric drive source (2) and the braking device (5) are housed in the same housing (13).

13. A forming machine (20) for forming workpieces (27), in, The forming machine (20) includes: - At least one electromechanical drive (1) with an electric drive source (2), - At least one forming tool (28), the working motion of which is caused by the electromechanical drive (1), and - At least one braking device (5), said braking device being actuated between a release position and a braking position for braking and / or preventing the working movement of the forming tool (28), and - A control device (30) for controlling the electric drive source (2) and the braking device (5), The characteristic feature is that the operation mode (31) is stored in the control device (30), and the electric drive source (2) and the braking device (5) can be controlled in the following manner through the operation mode: Before the movement phase (33) of the forming tool (28), during the braking position of the braking device (5), the electric drive source (2) generates a driving torque (M) such that the braking torque (B) of the braking device (5) counteracts the driving torque (M) of the electric drive source (2), and the start of the movement phase (33) of the forming tool (28) is triggered by moving the braking device (5) to a release position and / or a position with reduced braking torque; and / or During the forming step, the working motion (32) of the forming tool (28) is performed intermittently.

14. The forming machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, The forming machine (20) is a bending machine for forming plate-shaped workpieces.

15. The forming machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, The electromechanical drive (1) includes a rotating component (3) and the braking device (5) acts on the rotating component (3).

16. The forming machine according to claim 15, characterized in that, The electric drive source (2) is formed by a motor, and the driving torque (M) of the motor acts on the rotating component (3).

17. The forming machine according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The electric drive source (2) is a motor, and the electromechanical drive (1) has a rotating component (3) that can rotate about a rotation axis (4) via the motor (2). The braking device (5) has a brake disc (6) that rotates with the rotating component (3) and a braking element (7) that can be adjusted in the axial direction. The braking element acts on the brake disc (6) in the braking position. The brake disc (6) includes: -Inner region (8), - A friction surface region (10) extending annularly around the rotation axis (4), the friction surface region having a first friction surface (11) formed on a first side of the brake disc (6), and - An intermediate region (9) extends about the axis of rotation (4) between the friction surface region (10) and the inner region (8). Furthermore, a first mating surface (17) is formed on the braking element (7), the first mating surface faces the first friction surface (11), and interacts with the first friction surface (11) in the braking position.

18. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The middle region (9) of the brake disc (6) does not contact the brake element (7) in either the release position or the braking position, and / or in the braking position, the contact of the brake element (7) is limited to contact with the brake disc (6) on the first friction surface (11).

19. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The intermediate region (9) is a deformation region that can be elastically deformed in the axial direction by the action of the braking element (7) on the brake disc (6).

20. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The friction surface region (10) has a second friction surface (12), which is formed on a second side of the brake disc (6) opposite to the first side. The friction surface region (10) of the brake disc (6) is disposed between the first mating surface (17) and the second mating surface (18). The second mating surface faces the second friction surface (12) and interacts with the second friction surface (12) in the braking position.

21. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The friction surface area (10) is arranged in the periphery of the brake disc (6).

22. The forming machine according to claim 20, characterized in that, In the release position of the braking device (5), the first friction surface (11) and the first mating surface (17) are deviated from parallel orientation and / or in the release position of the braking device (5), the second friction surface (12) and the second mating surface (18) are deviated from parallel orientation.

23. The forming machine according to claim 20, characterized in that, The distance between the first friction surface (11) and the first mating surface (17) decreases in the radial direction. And / or the distance between the second friction surface (12) and the second mating surface (18) decreases in the radial direction.

24. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The inner region (8) of the brake disc (6) is axially fixed to the rotating component (3) and / or the inner region (8) of the brake disc (6) is rigidly connected to the rotating component (3).

25. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The electromechanical drive (1) is a spindle drive, wherein the rotating component (3) connected to the brake disc (6) is designed in the form of a threaded nut, which interacts with the spindle (23) of the spindle drive.

26. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The braking element (7) is pre-tightened in the direction of the braking position.

27. The forming machine according to claim 17, characterized in that, The braking device (5) includes at least one actuator (22) which can be controlled by the control device (30) to move the braking element (6) into a release position and / or a braking position.

28. The forming machine according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, The braking device (5) is integrated in the electromechanical drive (1) and / or the electric drive source (2) and the braking device (5) are housed in the same housing (13).

29. The forming machine according to any one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that, The control device (30) having a stored operation mode (31) is configured to operate the forming machine (20) by manipulating the electric drive source (2) and the braking device (5) according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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