System and method for co-processing spent lithium-ion batteries in a cement kiln

Abstract

The application provides a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln, which comprises an electrified crushing device, a high-temperature pyrolysis device, a cement kiln, a cooling device, a coarse crushing device, a fine crushing device and an airflow sorting device; the gas inlet of the electrified crushing device is connected to the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas of the cement kiln through a pipeline, and electrolyte generated when the first crushing knife splits or shears the material is subjected to high-temperature drying treatment; a nitrogen gas compression tank is connected to the nitrogen gas inlet; an air extraction guide pipe is connected to the mixed gas outlet, and the mixed gas composed of nitrogen gas and the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas is discharged to the mixed gas compression tank under negative pressure; the mixed gas compression tank discharges the mixed gas under negative pressure to the high-temperature pyrolysis device; the discharge port of the crushing device is connected to the high-temperature pyrolysis device through a feeding guide rail; the high-temperature pyrolysis device is connected to the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas of the cement kiln; and the high-temperature pyrolysis device is connected to the kiln head of the cement kiln. The application can realize low energy consumption, safety and reliability, and qualified VOCs gas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium battery, in particular to a system and method for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous growth of human energy demand, batteries as a portable energy storage device, in the society and people's daily life of the proportion is getting larger and larger, become one of the third largest consumer goods. Lithium ion battery is an important electronic basic product, also is the new energy and new energy electric vehicle and other emerging important pillar of development, widely used in consumer electronics, power and energy storage system. China has become the world's largest lithium ion battery producer, consumer and exporter, the number and weight of the resulting waste lithium ion batteries have shown a sharp rise.

[0003] The lithium battery recycling process is due to the presence of a large number of fluorine-containing components in the battery electrolyte, such as lithium hexafluorophosphate. After the electric cracking furnace, hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride gas are generated, which will cause serious corrosion to the electric cracking furnace equipment, thereby shortening the service life of the equipment. Chinese patent CN103453532B uses multiple combustion. The first flue gas generated by the combustion of the battery is completely combusted in a secondary combustion chamber at 1200-1350°C to form a second flue gas. The second flue gas is purified by a flue gas purification device to form a purified gas, which is discharged into the atmosphere. The patent uses direct combustion to purify fluorine-containing mixed organic waste gas. Fluoride will not cause serious corrosion to the equipment, but the high-temperature condition requires a large amount of energy consumption, and the economic value is not high. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the technical problems of dry method recycling lithium battery waste gas treatment and high energy consumption in the prior art, the present application provides a system and method for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln, comprising an electrically charged crushing device, a high-temperature cracking device, a cement kiln, a cooling device, a coarse crushing device, a fine crushing device, an air flow sorting device and a screening and grinding device.

[0006] The electrically charged crushing device comprises a plurality of first crushing knives, and the plurality of first crushing knives are fixed on the top and side wall of the electrically charged crushing device through a crushing knife fixing rod. The rotating directions of the crushing knife edges of the plurality of first crushing knives are opposite, and the crushing knife edges are used to split or shear the material.

[0007] Further, the top opening of the electrically charged crushing device is provided with a feeding port and an air inlet, the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail of the cement kiln is compressed into the air inlet through a pipeline, and volatile electrolyte generated when the crushing blade splits or shears the crushed material is subjected to high-temperature drying treatment; the feeding port receives the material of the first feeding guide;

[0008] Further, the bottom support of the electrically charged crushing device is provided with a nitrogen inlet, a nitrogen compression tank discharges nitrogen into the nitrogen inlet through a gas supply conduit; the bottom support of the electrically charged crushing device is also provided with a mixed gas outlet, and the mixed gas composed of nitrogen and low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail is discharged to a mixed gas compression tank through an exhaust conduit;

[0009] The mixed gas compression tank discharges the mixed gas under negative pressure into the high-temperature cracking device;

[0010] Further, the bottom of the electrically charged crushing device is provided with a crushing device discharge port, the crushing device discharge port corresponds to a second feeding guide that receives the crushed material, the welding seam at the connection between the second feeding guide and the electrically charged crushing device is full-welded, and a sealing gasket is additionally installed at the flange connection; the second feeding guide is also provided with a feeding guide crushing blade for secondary overall crushing of the crushed material, the rotating directions of the crushing blades of the second feeding guide are opposite, the crushed material is split or sheared, and the second feeding guide splits, impacts, and cracks the crushed material, respectively;

[0011] Further, the high-temperature cracking device includes a pyrolysis inner cavity, a high-temperature pyrolysis air inlet, a high-temperature pyrolysis air outlet, and a high-temperature reaction chamber, the pyrolysis inner cavity contains the high-temperature reaction chamber, the high-temperature pyrolysis air inlet is used to introduce the mixed gas of the electrically charged crushing device and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail of the cement kiln into the pyrolysis inner cavity, the mixed gas and the low-oxygen tail gas fill the pyrolysis inner cavity and the high-temperature reaction chamber, and after fully contacting the crushed material of the second feeding guide in a counterclockwise direction, the generated exhaust gas is discharged to the kiln head of the cement kiln through the high-temperature pyrolysis air outlet for exhaust gas treatment;

[0012] Further, the high-temperature reaction chamber is provided with a fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and a kiln tail gas storage cavity, the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and the kiln tail gas storage cavity are arranged repeatedly and alternately, so that the generated exhaust gas is subjected to preliminary fluorine and phosphorus removal, and the kiln tail gas storage cavity can preliminarily adsorb pyrolysis oil;

[0013] Preferably, the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit is at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, the crushed material contains organic matter, the organic matter burns to generate water, and the water is mixed with at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to absorb hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride generated by the combustion of the crushed material, to generate calcium fluoride and calcium phosphate;

[0014] Preferably, the kiln tail gas storage cavity contains an acidic absorption liquid, which is at least one of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and can absorb part of hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride gas, and can also adsorb nitrides, sulfur dioxide and SNCR escaped ammonia gas in the kiln tail gas.

[0015] Further, the cement kiln is provided with a cement kiln head, a cement kiln tail, a ring-shaped absorption unit and a fluorine-phosphorus absorption and solidification unit, the cement kiln head is used for processing the pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas discharged under negative pressure, and the ring-shaped absorption unit and the fluorine-phosphorus absorption and solidification unit are used for absorbing fluorine-containing elements and phosphorus-containing elements in the exhaust gas.

[0016] Further, the cooling device comprises a pre-cooling device and a jacketed water-cooled screw, the pre-cooling device is used for cooling the broken material discharged from the third feeding guide rail; the jacketed water-cooled screw is used for cooling the material discharged from the coarse crushing device, the material discharged from the coarse crushing device passes through the hollow jacketed cavity of the jacketed water-cooled screw and does not directly contact the cooling water in the screw liquid inlet pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the water inlet direction of the cooling water in the cooling device is opposite to the moving direction of the broken material.

[0018] The coarse crushing container of the coarse crushing device is provided with a first coarse crushing cutter fixed on the top wall and the side wall through a first coarse crushing cutter fixing rod, a second coarse crushing cutter is arranged at the bottom of the first coarse crushing cutter, the first coarse crushing cutter and the second coarse crushing cutter are provided with multiple layers of crushing cutter edges, the cutter diameters of the crushing cutter edges of different layers are different, and the crushing cutter edges are used for crushing materials of different sizes, the rotating directions of the crushing cutter edges of the first coarse crushing cutter are opposite, and the crushing cutter edges are used for splitting or shearing the crushed materials; the rotating direction of the crushing cutter edge of the second coarse crushing cutter adjacent to the crushing cutter edge of the first coarse crushing cutter is opposite to the vertical direction, and the crushing cutter edge is used for splitting or shearing the crushed materials.

[0019] Further, the bottom of the second coarse crushing cutter is provided with a screen, and the crushing cutter edge of the second coarse crushing cutter can throw the crushed materials in the screen and repeatedly crush the materials.

[0020] Further, the top of the coarse crushing device is provided with a feeding port, the bottom is provided with a nitrogen gas inlet port and a discharging port, a nitrogen gas compression tank compresses nitrogen gas into the nitrogen gas inlet port through a nitrogen gas inlet pipe, the screen is puffed and shaken, the crushed materials pass through the discharging port and sink to a fourth feeding guide rail, the fourth feeding guide rail is provided with a feeding guide rail cutter, which is used for repeatedly crushing the core of the crushed materials, the rotating directions of the crushing cutter edges of the feeding guide rail cutter are opposite, the crushing cutter edges split or shear the crushed materials, and the fourth feeding guide rail splits, impacts and breaks the crushed materials.

[0021] The fine crushing inner cavity of the fine crushing device is provided with a fine crushing feed port, a fine crushing discharge port, vertical fine crushing knives, a linkage rod, a plurality of air supply ports in the side wall, a crushed material storage cavity, a crushed material sieve plate and a sieve plate pull switch; adjacent vertical fine crushing knives are fixedly connected and driven by the linkage rod, and the knife edges of adjacent vertical fine crushing knives are staggered in the vertical direction and extend into the gaps between the vertical knife edges of each other, so that the crushed materials in the fine crushing feed port are fully crushed, and the crushed materials are discharged from the fine crushing discharge port of the crushed material storage cavity under negative pressure, and the bottom of the crushed material storage cavity is provided with a plurality of crushed material sieve plates and corresponding sieve plate pull switches, the mesh numbers of the plurality of crushed material sieve plates are different and increase from top to bottom, for screening crushed materials of different sizes, and the crushed materials are discharged from the fine crushing device through the corresponding sieve plate pull switches;

[0022] Further, the top crushed material sieve plate comprises copper aluminum, plastic, a diaphragm, a cap, and a positive and negative electrode material mixture, and the corresponding sieve plate pull switch is pulled to discharge the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap and positive and negative electrode material mixture into the airflow sorting device under negative pressure; the bottom crushed material sieve plate is black powder;

[0023] The airflow sorting device is provided with a feed port, a flow distribution cavity, a collection hopper, a fountain-type vortex blade, a vortex machine, a material storage cavity, a material sieve plate and a sieve plate pull switch; the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap and positive and negative electrode material mixture are discharged into the flow distribution cavity through the feed port under negative pressure, the vortex machine is started, and the fountain-type vortex blade transports the upper layer of crushed material aluminum shell large particle by-product (particle size 20-30 mm) to the collection hopper; the plastic and diaphragm lighter materials are distributed in the material storage cavity of the bottommost material sieve plate; the intermediate crushed material cap, positive and negative electrode material and other substances are distributed in the material storage cavity of the intermediate material sieve plate; the sieve plate pull switch separates the plastic, diaphragm and other lighter materials from the cap, positive and negative electrode material;

[0024] Further, the cap, positive and negative electrode material and other crushed materials with a larger specific gravity are ground into spherical particles with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm in the grinding machine, and the black powder attached to the surface of the pole piece and other surfaces falls off during the grinding process and is further sorted out by the airflow sorting device.

[0025] In a second aspect, the application provides a method for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln, and a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in the cement kiln, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0026] S100: The nitrogen gas compression tank discharges nitrogen gas into the nitrogen gas inlet of the electrified crushing device through the gas supply conduit, and the system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries in the cement kiln is subjected to low-oxygen treatment;

[0027] The feeding, the rotating directions of the first crushing cutter edges of the electric crushing device are opposite, and the material is split or sheared through the crushing cutter edges;

[0028] Meanwhile, the valve is opened, the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail of the cement kiln is compressed into the gas inlet of the electric crushing device through the pipeline, the volatile electrolyte generated when the material is split or sheared by the crushing cutter edges is high-temperature dried, and the mixed gas is formed;

[0029] S200: the valve is opened, the mixed gas of the electric crushing device and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail of the cement kiln are introduced into the pyrolysis inner cavity through the high-temperature pyrolysis gas inlet, the temperature is controlled to be 0-600 DEG C through the electric heating outer heating type sealing roasting of the high-temperature pyrolysis device;

[0030] The feeding guide rail feeds, the high-temperature pyrolysis is 1-2 h under the gas atmosphere of nitrogen and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail, the mixed gas and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail fill the pyrolysis inner cavity and the high-temperature reaction chamber, after the clockwise circulation and sufficient contact with the crushed material, the waste gas is discharged through the high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet and is discharged to the kiln head of the cement kiln for waste gas treatment under negative pressure;

[0031] S300: the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas discharged by the high-temperature pyrolysis device are treated at the kiln head of the cement kiln, the fluorine-containing elements and the phosphorus-containing elements in the waste gas are cyclically absorbed by the annular absorption unit and the fluorine-phosphorus absorption and solidification unit, and the waste gas is discharged after catalytic combustion at 300 DEG C-400 DEG C;

[0032] S400: the crushed discharge of the feeding guide rail is cooled by the pre-cooling device, the crushed material is cooled to 80-90 DEG C by the pre-cooling device, and the water inlet direction of the cooling water in the pre-cooling device is opposite to the moving direction of the crushed discharge;

[0033] S500: the feeding guide rail feeds, the first coarse crushing cutter and the second coarse crushing cutter with multiple crushing cutter edges are opened in the coarse crushing device, the rotating directions of the crushing cutter edges of the first coarse crushing cutter are opposite, the rotating directions of the crushing cutter edges of the second coarse crushing cutter adjacent to the first coarse crushing cutter are opposite to the vertical direction, nitrogen is compressed into the nitrogen gas inlet through the nitrogen gas inlet pipe of the nitrogen gas compression tank, the screen is puffed and shaken, and the crushed material is sunk to the feeding guide rail through the discharge port;

[0034] The feeding guide rail crushing cutter repeatedly crushes the crushed material;

[0035] S600: the jacketed water-cooled screw cools the crushed discharge of the coarse crushing device, the crushed material is cooled to room temperature by the jacketed water-cooled screw, and the water inlet direction of the cooling water in the jacketed water-cooled screw is opposite to the moving direction of the crushed discharge;

[0036] S700: The feeding guide rail feeds, the motor is turned on, the left and right 45° angle swing rotary linkage rod drives the vertical fine crushing knife to swing and rotate, the motor of the linkage rod drives the vertical fine crushing knife to rotate 360°, the crushed material sieve plate screens out crushed materials of different sizes, and the crushed materials are discharged from the fine crushing device through the corresponding sieve plate pull switch;

[0037] The upper layer of crushed material sieve plate is a mixture of copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap, positive and negative electrode material, and the corresponding sieve plate pull switch is pulled to discharge the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm mixture, cap and negative electrode material into the airflow sorting device; the bottom crushed material sieve plate is black powder;

[0038] S800: The feeding guide rail feeds, the airflow sorting device starts the vortex machine, the fountain type vortex blade transports the upper layer of crushed material aluminum shell large particle by-product to the collecting hopper; the plastic, diaphragm and other lighter materials are distributed in the material receiving cavity of the bottommost material sieve plate; the cap and the positive and negative electrode material in the crushed material are distributed in the material receiving cavity of the middle material sieve plate; the plastic, diaphragm and other lighter materials and the cap and the positive and negative electrode material are separated by the sieve plate pull switch;

[0039] The cap and the positive and negative electrode material crushed material with a larger specific gravity screened out by the material sieve plate are ground into spherical particles with a particle size of 0.5-2mm, and the grinding makes the black powder on the surface of the pole piece fall off and further pass through the airflow sorting device to screen out the black powder;

[0040] The cap and the positive and negative electrode material crushed material after the material sieve plate screening and grinding are subjected to specific gravity sorting, and copper particles and aluminum particles are screened out.

[0041] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] 1) By combining the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas with nitrogen protective gas in the charged crushing link, the charged monomer can not explode and generate a large amount of heat in the crushing process;

[0043] 2) At the same time, the crushed material can be fully dispersed without wrapping, and the electrolyte gas volatilized in the crushing process is also introduced into the high-temperature pyrolysis device for high-temperature combustion and purification treatment;

[0044] 3) The high-temperature pyrolysis device uses the cement kiln tail high-temperature low-oxygen waste gas protection to ensure that the inside is in a low-oxygen state, and uses drying technology to perform anaerobic volatilization and pyrolysis of the organic matter of the waste lithium ion battery, so as to avoid the risk of combustion and explosion caused by the volatilization of electrolyte and the influence of organic matter on the subsequent hydrometallurgy, and improve the stripping rate of the pole powder;

[0045] 4) Anaerobic pyrolysis treatment is adopted, so that the organic matter in the lithium battery is cracked into pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil (gaseous state) at high temperature, and a small amount is carbonized and fixed in the pyrolysis product;

[0046] 5) The high-temperature reaction chamber is provided with a fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and a kiln tail gas storage cavity, and the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and the kiln tail gas storage cavity are cross-repeatedly arranged, so that the generated waste gas is preliminarily removed of fluorine and phosphorus, and the kiln tail gas storage cavity can preliminarily adsorb pyrolysis oil at the same time;

[0047] 6) The fluorine and phosphorus removal unit is at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, the broken material contains organic matter, the organic matter is burned to generate water, and is mixed with at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide, so as to absorb hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentahalide generated by burning of the broken material, and generate calcium fluoride and calcium phosphate;

[0048] 7) The kiln tail gas storage cavity contains an acidic absorption liquid, which is at least one of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and can absorb part of hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentahalide gas, and can also adsorb nitrogen compounds, sulfur dioxide and ammonia gas escaped from SNCR in the kiln tail gas at the same time;

[0049] 8) The pyrolysis gas generated in the high-temperature pyrolysis process mainly contains short-chain olefins and ester organic matter, the collected pyrolysis gas and high-temperature broken nitrogen gas are sent to the head of the cement kiln through a pipeline, and are treated in the cement kiln, and the tail gas is treated and discharged up to the standard;

[0050] 9) Physical separation of different materials is realized through fine crushing, screening, air flow separation, grinding and specific gravity separation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0051] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a charged crushing device in a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries by a cement kiln according to the present embodiment;

[0053] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a charged crushing device, a high-temperature pyrolysis device and a cement kiln in a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries by a cement kiln according to the present embodiment;

[0054] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a pre-cooling device, a coarse crushing device and a water cooling system in a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries by a cement kiln according to the present embodiment;

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a pre-cooling device, a fine crushing device and an air flow separation device in a system for co-processing waste lithium ion batteries by a cement kiln according to the present embodiment;

[0056] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the system composition for co-processing waste lithium-ion batteries in a cement kiln is provided for this embodiment;

[0057] Figure 6 A flow chart of the method for co-processing waste lithium-ion batteries in a cement kiln is provided for this embodiment;

[0058] Icon: first pipeline 10, second pipeline 11, third pipeline 12, fourth pipeline 13, fifth pipeline 14, sixth pipeline 15, feed inlet 100, feed pipeline 101, first feeding guide rail 102, first motor 103, belt electrified crushing device 200, crushing device feed inlet 201a, crushing device air inlet 201b, crushing device discharge outlet 201c, first crushing knife 202, crushing knife fixing rod 202a, crushing knife opening 202b, support 203, nitrogen inlet 204, nitrogen compression tank 205, gas feeding conduit 206, mixed gas compression tank 207, gas extraction conduit 208, mixed gas outlet 209, second feeding guide rail 210, feeding guide rail crushing knife 211a, feeding guide rail crushing knife opening 211b, second motor 212, high-temperature pyrolysis device 300, pyrolysis inner cavity 301, high-temperature pyrolysis air inlet 301a, high-temperature pyrolysis air outlet 301b, high-temperature reaction chamber 302, fluorine and phosphorus removal unit 302a, kiln tail gas storage cavity 302b, cement kiln 400, cement kiln head 401, cement kiln tail 402, annular absorption unit 403, fluorine and phosphorus absorption and solidification unit 404, pre-cooling device 500, pre-cooling pipeline 501, spiral cold liquid pipeline 502, feed pipeline 503, third feeding guide rail 504, third motor 505, coarse crushing device 600, coarse crushing container 601, feed inlet 602a, discharge outlet 602b, first coarse crushing knife 603, first coarse crushing knife fixing rod 603a, first coarse crushing knife opening 603b, second coarse crushing knife 604, screen 605, nitrogen air inlet 606, nitrogen compression tank 607, nitrogen air inlet pipe 608, fourth motor 609, fourth feeding guide rail 610, feeding guide rail crushing knife 611, jacketed water-cooled screw 700, screw liquid inlet pipe 701, hollow jacket cavity 702, pre-cooling device 800, pre-cooling pipeline 801, feed pipeline 802, fifth motor 802a, fifth feeding guide rail 802b, fine crushing device 900, fine crushing inner cavity 901, fine crushing feed inlet 901a, fine crushing discharge outlet 901b, vertical fine crushing knife 902, linkage rod 903, sixth motor 904, air supply port 905a, air supply pipeline 905b, compressed nitrogen tank 905c, crushed material storage cavity 906a, crushed material screen 906b, screen pull-out switch 906c, sixth feeding guide rail 907, feed pipeline 908, seventh feeding guide rail 909, airflow sorting device 1000, feed inlet 1001, flow separation cavity 1002, collection hopper 1003, fountain-type vortex blade 1004, vortex machine 1005, material storage cavity 1006a, material screen 1006b, screen pull-out switch 1006c. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] In order to enable the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application to be more clearly understood, the present application will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0060] The present application will be further described below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0061] Embodiment 1: A system for co-processing waste lithium-ion batteries in a cement kiln is provided, and a schematic diagram of the composition is as shown in Figures 1-5 .

[0062] A system for co-processing waste lithium-ion batteries in a cement kiln includes an electrically charged crushing device 200, a high-temperature pyrolysis device 300, a cement kiln 400, a cooling assembly 500, a coarse crushing device 600, a fine crushing device 900, an air flow sorting device 1000, and a screening and grinding device (not shown in the figure).

[0063] The electrically charged crushing device 200 includes a plurality of first crushing knives 202, which are fixed to the top and side wall of the electrically charged crushing device 200 through crushing knife fixing rods 202a, and the rotating directions of the crushing knife edges 202b of the plurality of first crushing knives 202 are opposite, and the recovered batteries are split or sheared through the crushing knife edges 202b.

[0064] The top of the electrically charged crushing device 200 is provided with a crushing device feed port 201a and a crushing device air inlet 201b, and the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas of the cement kiln 400 is compressed into the crushing device air inlet 201b through the fourth pipeline 13, the second pipeline 11 and the first pipeline 10 in sequence, and the volatile electrolyte generated when the recovered batteries are split or sheared by the crushing knife edges 202b is subjected to high-temperature drying treatment; the crushing device feed port 201a receives the recovered batteries of the first feeding guide 102.

[0065] The bottom support 203 of the electrically charged crushing device 200 is provided with a nitrogen inlet 204, and a nitrogen compression tank 205 discharges nitrogen compression into the nitrogen inlet 204 through a gas supply conduit 206; the bottom support of the electrically charged crushing device 200 is also provided with a mixed gas outlet 209, and the mixed gas composed of nitrogen and kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas is discharged to a mixed gas compression tank 207 through a gas extraction conduit 208.

[0066] The mixed gas compression tank 207 discharges the mixed gas negative pressure into the high-temperature pyrolysis device 300.

[0067] In some embodiments, the recovered batteries are put into the electrically charged crushing device 200 through the feed port 100, the feed pipeline 101 and the first feeding guide 102 driven by the first motor 103.

[0068] The bottom of the electrically charged crushing device 200 is provided with a crushing device discharge port 201c, and the crushing device discharge port 201c corresponds to a second feeding guide rail 210 for receiving the crushed material. The welding seam at the connection between the second feeding guide rail 210 and the electrically charged crushing device 200 is fully welded, and a sealing gasket is installed at the flange connection. The second feeding guide rail 210 is also provided with a feeding guide rail crushing knife 211a for secondary overall crushing of the crushed material. The feeding guide rail crushing knife 211b rotates in the opposite direction, splitting or shearing the crushed material, and splitting, impacting, and breaking the crushed material of the second feeding guide rail 210, respectively.

[0069] In some embodiments, the second motor 212 drives the second feeding guide rail 210 to feed, and controls the rotation of the feeding guide rail crushing knife 211a.

[0070] The high-temperature cracking device 300 includes a pyrolysis inner cavity 301, a high-temperature pyrolysis gas inlet 301a, a high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet 301b, and a high-temperature reaction chamber 302. The pyrolysis inner cavity 301 contains the high-temperature reaction chamber 302. The high-temperature pyrolysis gas inlet 301a is used to introduce the mixed gas from the electrically charged crushing device 200 and the third pipeline 12, the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas input from the cement kiln 400 and the fourth pipeline 13 into the pyrolysis inner cavity 301. The mixed gas and the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas fill the pyrolysis inner cavity 301 and the high-temperature reaction chamber 302. After counterclockwise circulation and sufficient contact with the crushed material of the second feeding guide rail 210, the generated waste gas passes through the high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet 301b and the fifth pipeline 14 in turn, and is discharged to the kiln head of the cement kiln 400 under negative pressure for waste gas treatment.

[0071] In some embodiments, the cement kiln 400 inputs ammonia gas for denitrification or natural gas for high-temperature combustion through the sixth pipeline 15.

[0072] The high-temperature reaction chamber 302 is provided with a fluorine and phosphorus removal unit 302a and a kiln tail gas storage cavity 302b. The fluorine and phosphorus removal unit 302a and the kiln tail gas storage cavity 302b are arranged in cross and repeated manner, so that the generated waste gas is preliminarily removed of fluorine and phosphorus. The kiln tail gas storage cavity 302b can also preliminarily absorb pyrolysis oil.

[0073] In some embodiments, the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit 302a is at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide. The crushed material contains organic matter. The organic matter burns to produce water, which mixes with at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide to absorb hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentahalide generated by the combustion of the crushed material, and generate calcium fluoride and calcium phosphate.

[0074] In some embodiments, the kiln tail gas storage cavity 302b contains an acidic absorption liquid, which is at least one of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. The acidic absorption liquid can absorb part of the hydrogen fluoride and phosphorus pentahalide gas, and can also absorb nitrogen compounds, sulfur dioxide, and ammonia gas escaping from SNCR in the kiln tail gas.

[0075] The cement kiln 400 is provided with a cement kiln head 401, a cement kiln tail 402, a ring-shaped absorption unit 403 and a fluorine and phosphorus absorption and solidification unit 404, the cement kiln head 401 is used for processing high-temperature pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis gas discharged under negative pressure, and the ring-shaped absorption unit 403 and the fluorine and phosphorus absorption and solidification unit 404 are used for absorbing fluorine elements and phosphorus elements in waste gas;

[0076] The cooling assembly 500 comprises a pre-cooling device 500 and a jacketed water-cooled screw 700, the pre-cooling device 500 is used for cooling treatment of the broken material of the third feeding guide 504, and the jacketed water-cooled screw is used for cooling the material discharged from the coarse crushing device 600, the material discharged from the coarse crushing device 600 passes through the hollow jacket cavity 702 of the jacketed water-cooled screw 700 and does not directly contact the cooling water in the screw liquid inlet pipe 701;

[0077] In some embodiments, the pre-cooling pipeline 501 is a spiral cooling liquid pipeline 502.

[0078] In some embodiments, the third motor 505 drives the third feeding guide 504 to pass the broken material into the coarse crushing device 600 through the feeding pipeline 503.

[0079] In some embodiments, the water inlet direction of the cooling water in the pre-cooling pipeline 501 in the cooling device 500 is opposite to the moving direction of the broken material.

[0080] The first coarse crushing cutter 603 fixed on the top wall and the side wall through the first coarse crushing cutter fixing rod 603a is arranged in the coarse crushing container 601 of the coarse crushing device 600, the second coarse crushing cutter 604 is arranged at the bottom of the first coarse crushing cutter 603, the first coarse crushing cutter 603 and the second coarse crushing cutter 604 are provided with multiple layers of crushing cutter edges, the cutter diameters of different layers of the crushing cutter edges are different, and the crushing cutter edges are used for crushing materials of different sizes, the rotating directions of the first coarse crushing cutter edges 603b are opposite, and the first coarse crushing cutter edges 603b are used for splitting or shearing the broken material; the rotating direction of the crushing cutter edge of the second coarse crushing cutter 604 adjacent to the first coarse crushing cutter 603 in the vertical direction is opposite, and the second coarse crushing cutter 604 is used for splitting or shearing the broken material.

[0081] The bottom of the second coarse crushing cutter 604 is provided with a screen 605, and the crushing cutter edge of the second coarse crushing cutter 604 can throw the broken material in the screen 605 and repeatedly crush the broken material.

[0082] The coarse crushing device 600 is provided with an inlet 602a at the top and an outlet 602b at the bottom, and a nitrogen inlet 606 is arranged at the bottom. A nitrogen compression tank 607 compresses nitrogen into the nitrogen inlet 606 through a nitrogen inlet pipe 608. A drumming screen 605 is arranged to make the crushed material sink through the outlet 602b to a fourth feeding guide rail 610. The fourth feeding guide rail 610 is provided with feeding guide rail crushing knives 611 for repeatedly crushing the core of the crushed material. The crushing knife edges of the feeding guide rail crushing knives 611 rotate in opposite directions to split or shear the crushed material, and respectively split, impact and break the crushed material of the fourth feeding guide rail 610.

[0083] In some embodiments, the fourth feeding guide rail 610 is driven by a fourth motor 609 to feed and control the rotation of the feeding guide rail crushing knives 611.

[0084] In some embodiments, a pre-cooling device 800, a pre-cooling pipe 801, an inlet pipe 802, a fifth motor 802a and a fifth feeding guide rail 802b are further arranged. The fourth feeding guide rail 610 is connected to the fifth feeding guide rail 802b, the fifth motor 802a drives the fifth feeding guide rail 802b to feed through the inlet pipe 802, and the pre-cooling pipe 801 of the pre-cooling device 800 is arranged around the inlet pipe 802.

[0085] The fine crushing inner cavity 901 of the fine crushing device 900 is provided with a fine crushing inlet 901a, a fine crushing outlet 901b, vertical fine crushing knives 902, a linkage rod 903, a plurality of air supply ports 905a in the side walls, a crushed material storage cavity 906a, a crushed material sieve plate 906b and a sieve plate pull switch 906c. Adjacent vertical fine crushing knives 902 are fixed and driven by the linkage rod 903, and the knife edges of adjacent vertical fine crushing knives 902 are staggered in the vertical direction and extend into the vertical knife edge gaps of each other, so that the crushed material of the fine crushing inlet 901a is fully crushed and discharged from the fine crushing outlet 901b of the crushed material storage cavity 906a under negative pressure. The bottom of the crushed material storage cavity 906a is provided with a plurality of crushed material sieve plates 906b and corresponding sieve plate pull switches 906c. The number of the plurality of crushed material sieve plates 906b increases from top to bottom, which is used to screen crushed materials of different sizes and discharge the fine crushing device 900 through the corresponding sieve plate pull switch 906c.

[0086] In some embodiments, a plurality of air supply ports 905a are arranged in the left and right side walls. A compressed nitrogen tank 905c guides nitrogen into the air supply ports 905a through an air supply pipe 905b, and the nitrogen is blown to the vertical fine crushing knives 902 through air flow disturbance to fully crush the crushed material.

[0087] In some embodiments, the sixth motor 904 drives the linkage rod 903 to swing left and right by 45°, and then drives the vertical fine crushing knives 902 to swing left and right by 45°.

[0088] The top broken material screen plate 906b includes copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap, positive and negative electrode material mixture, and the corresponding screen plate pulling switch 906c is pulled to pull out, and the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap, positive and negative electrode material mixture is negative pressure and is discharged into the airflow sorting device 1000; the bottom broken material screen plate 906b is black powder;

[0089] In some embodiments, the sixth feeding guide rail 907 links the seventh feeding guide rail 909, and the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap, positive and negative electrode material mixture is sent to the airflow sorting device 1000 through the feeding pipe 908.

[0090] The airflow sorting device 1000 is provided with a feeding port 1001, a flow distribution cavity 1002, a collecting hopper 1003, a fountain type vortex blade 1004, a vortex machine 1005, a material storage cavity 1006a, a material screen plate 1006b, and a screen plate pulling switch 1006c; the copper aluminum, plastic, diaphragm, cap, positive and negative electrode material mixture is negative pressure and is discharged into the flow distribution cavity 1002 through the feeding port 1001, the vortex machine 1005 is started, and the fountain type vortex blade 1004 transports the upper layer broken material aluminum shell large particle by-product (particle size 20-30 mm) to the collecting hopper 1003; the plastic, diaphragm lighter material is distributed in the material storage cavity 1006a of the bottommost material screen plate 1006b; the intermediate broken material cap, positive and negative electrode material and the like are distributed in the material storage cavity 1006a of the intermediate material screen plate 1006b; the screen plate pulling switch 1006c separates the lighter material such as plastic and diaphragm from the cap and positive and negative electrode material.

[0091] In some embodiments, the cap, positive and negative electrode material broken material with larger specific gravity screened out through the material screen plate 1006 enters a grinding machine (not shown in the figure) to be ground into a spherical shape with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm, and the black powder attached to the surface of the pole piece falls off during the grinding process and is further screened out through the airflow sorting device 1000.

[0092] Embodiment 2: provide a method for disposing of waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln, and the flowchart is as follows Figure 6 On the device for disposing of waste lithium ion batteries in a cement kiln provided in embodiment 1, the following simple steps are included: 1) mechanical charging and breaking (may contain uncharged battery monomers); 2) cement kiln cooperation with electrolyte high temperature cracking and drying; 3) pre-cooling; 4) coarse crushing; 5) water cooling; 6) fine crushing; 7) screening and airflow sorting; 8) grinding and screening; 9) specific gravity sorting of copper particles and aluminum particles.

[0093] The present application can be easily realized by those skilled in the art with the above detailed embodiments. However, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the above detailed embodiments. Based on the disclosed embodiments, those skilled in the art can arbitrarily combine different technical features to realize different technical solutions.

Claims

1. A system for cement kiln co-processing of spent lithium ion batteries, characterized by: The electric crushing device, the high-temperature cracking device, the cement kiln, the cooling device, the coarse crushing device, the fine crushing device and the airflow sorting device are included. The electric crushing device includes a plurality of first crushing knives, an air inlet, a nitrogen inlet, a mixed gas outlet and a crushing device discharge port. The air inlet is used for compressing the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas of the cement kiln into the air inlet through a pipeline to perform high-temperature drying treatment on the volatile electrolyte generated when the plurality of first crushing knives split or shear the material. The nitrogen inlet and the mixed gas outlet are arranged on the bottom support of the electric crushing device. A nitrogen compression tank discharges nitrogen into the nitrogen inlet through a gas supply conduit. The mixed gas outlet is connected to the mixed gas compression tank through an air extraction conduit to discharge the mixed gas composed of nitrogen and the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas to the mixed gas compression tank. The mixed gas compression tank is used for discharging the mixed gas to the high-temperature cracking device. The crushing device discharge port corresponds to a feeding guide rail for receiving the crushed material, and the feeding guide rail leads to the high-temperature cracking device. The high-temperature pyrolysis air inlet of the high-temperature cracking device is connected to the mixed gas compression tank and the kiln tail low-oxygen tail gas of the cement kiln through a pipeline. The high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet of the high-temperature cracking device is connected to the kiln head of the cement kiln. The coarse crushing container of the coarse crushing device is provided with first coarse crushing knives fixed to the top wall and the side wall through first coarse crushing knife fixing rods. A second coarse crushing knife is arranged at the bottom of the first coarse crushing knife. The first coarse crushing knife and the second coarse crushing knife are provided with multiple layers of crushing knife edges. The diameters of the crushing knife edges of different layers are different, and are used for crushing materials of different sizes. The rotating directions of the crushing knife edges of the first coarse crushing knife are opposite. The rotating direction of the crushing knife edge of the second coarse crushing knife adjacent to the crushing knife edge of the first coarse crushing knife in the vertical direction is opposite, and is used for splitting or shearing the material. The bottom of the second coarse crushing knife is provided with a screen. The crushing knife edge of the second coarse crushing knife can throw the crushed material in the screen, and the crushing is repeated. The fine crushing inner cavity of the fine crushing device is provided with a fine crushing feed inlet, a fine crushing discharge port, vertical fine crushing knives, a linkage rod, a plurality of air supply ports in the side wall, a crushed material storage cavity, a crushed material screen and a screen pulling switch. Adjacent vertical fine crushing knives are fixed and driven through the linkage rod. The knife edges of adjacent vertical fine crushing knives are staggered in the vertical direction and extend into the knife edge gap of each other vertical fine crushing knife, so that the crushed material in the fine crushing feed inlet is fully crushed and discharged from the fine crushing discharge port of the crushed material storage cavity. The bottom of the crushed material storage cavity is provided with a plurality of crushed material screens and corresponding screen pulling switches. The mesh sizes of the plurality of crushed material screens are different and increase from top to bottom, which are used for screening crushed materials of different sizes. The crushed materials are discharged from the fine crushing device through the corresponding screen pulling switches. The high-temperature pyrolysis device further comprises a pyrolysis inner cavity and a high-temperature reaction chamber, the pyrolysis inner cavity contains the high-temperature reaction chamber, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas inlet is used for introducing the mixed gas of the electric crushing device and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail of the cement kiln into the pyrolysis inner cavity; the mixed gas and the low-oxygen tail gas at the kiln tail fill the pyrolysis inner cavity and the high-temperature reaction chamber, after being in contact with the crushed materials of the feeding guide rail in a counterclockwise circulation, the generated waste gas is discharged through the high-temperature pyrolysis gas outlet and is discharged to the kiln head of the cement kiln under negative pressure for waste gas treatment; the high-temperature reaction chamber is provided with a fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and a kiln tail gas storage cavity, the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit and the kiln tail gas storage cavity are cross-repeatedly arranged, and are used for preliminarily removing fluorine and phosphorus in the generated waste gas; the kiln tail gas storage cavity is also used for preliminarily adsorbing pyrolysis oil; the fluorine and phosphorus removal unit is at least one of calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide; the kiln tail gas storage cavity contains an acidic absorption liquid, which is at least one of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid; the cement kiln is provided with a cement kiln head, a cement kiln tail, an annular absorption unit and a fluorine and phosphorus absorption and solidification unit, the cement kiln head is used for treating the pyrolysis oil and the pyrolysis gas discharged under negative pressure by the high-temperature pyrolysis device, and the annular absorption unit and the fluorine and phosphorus absorption and solidification unit are used for absorbing fluorine elements and phosphorus elements in the waste gas.

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