A carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties, its preparation method and application

Abstract

A carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties, its preparation method and application. The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar-driven water evaporation and seawater desalination. The present invention aims to solve the technical problem that existing solar photothermal efficient conversion materials cannot balance mechanical properties and efficient photothermal conversion performance. In the present invention, waste carbon fibers are selected to prepare a carbon felt, and thermal cross-linking is carried out with the carbon felt as the substrate, which not only maintains the carbon skeleton structure, constructs a rough surface and an internal porous structure network, but also increases the strength and toughness of the composite membrane. At the same time, the carbon fiber and chitosan form mutually promoting and interconnected gas channels, which contribute to light trapping, heat management and water transportation. In addition, a strong interfacial interaction is formed between MXene and MoS2, heat is concentrated at the air-water interface, efficient absorption of sunlight is realized, seawater evaporation is continuously carried out, and water vapor is collected through condensation and other effects, so as to achieve the purpose of desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of solar-driven water evaporation for seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, fresh water resources are scarce. Most traditional water purification methods rely on high-energy-consuming and overall centralized equipment and facilities, thus limiting their practical applications. When seawater or wastewater is directly exposed to sunlight, due to the poor light absorption of water, water evaporation only occurs on the water surface, resulting in serious heat loss. According to data, the natural photothermal conversion efficiency is as low as 30-45%, and solar energy cannot be effectively accumulated and utilized during the natural evaporation process. Therefore, to achieve high water vapor generation efficiency, it is necessary to rely on photothermal conversion materials to concentrate heat at the air-water interface.

[0003] Researchers have developed many photothermal conversion materials with a wide range of solar absorptivities, increasing the photothermal conversion efficiency significantly to over 90%. Therefore, it is very necessary to select a suitable photothermal conversion material to enhance light absorption and thus improve the photothermal conversion efficiency. In recent years, commonly used photothermal conversion materials mainly include carbon materials, inorganic semiconductors, organic polymers, conductive polymers, etc. Currently, carbon-based materials have become ideal candidate materials due to their wide available forms, ultra-high specific surface areas, and good light absorption properties. A large number of past studies have found that although artificially synthesized multi-level structure composite photothermal conversion membranes can be combined during the assembly process to achieve efficient evaporation, they will increase the complexity of the evaporator and affect practical applications. MXene, as a new type of two-dimensional nanomaterial, has an internal photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 100% and good light absorption in a relatively wide wavelength range. The surface contains a large number of hydrophilic groups, which can be used to construct hydrophilic channels for rapid water transport and is very suitable for preparing photothermal conversion materials. However, it is greatly limited due to its high thermal conductivity, wide-band reflection, and easy oxidation characteristics. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), as a typical transition metal disulfide, has lower thermal conductivity compared with graphene and graphene oxide, which is more conducive to forming local heat concentration. Aerogels have received extensive attention due to their porous structures, which can provide water transport and steam escape channels for photothermal conversion. However, it has poor mechanical strength, weak forming ability, poor durability, agglomeration and fragmentation will occur during the preparation process, and the stability is insufficient, and sponges or foams are required as carriers. Therefore, enhancing its mechanical properties, photothermal conversion properties, and practicality is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof.

[0005] The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of a carbon fiber-based solar thermal energy efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties. The preparation method is carried out according to the following steps:

[0007] S1: Using carbon felt as the substrate, by means of vacuum infusion process, inject a mixed solution of chitosan and a crosslinking agent, infiltrate the carbon felt and then age and crosslink, and then freeze-dry to obtain a modified carbon felt;

[0008] S2: Immerse the modified carbon felt in the MXene dispersion liquid multiple times, dry after immersion, and then carry out the next immersion to obtain a composite film;

[0009] S3: In-situ grow a MoS2 layer on the surface of the composite film to obtain a carbon fiber-based solar thermal energy efficient conversion material.

[0010] Further defined, the carbon felt in S1 is made of waste carbon fiber and has a thickness of 2-10 mm.

[0011] Further defined, the crosslinking agent in S1 is epichlorohydrin, glutaraldehyde or dialdehyde starch.

[0012] Further defined, the mixed solution in S1 is obtained by thermal mixing of a chitosan acetic acid solution and an aqueous solution of the crosslinking agent.

[0013] Even further defined, the thermal mixing temperature is 45-60 °C.

[0014] Even further defined, the concentration of chitosan in the chitosan acetic acid solution is 1-2 wt%, and the concentration of acetic acid is 1-10 wt%.

[0015] Even further defined, the concentration of the aqueous solution of the crosslinking agent is 0.5-1 vol%.

[0016] Even further defined, the volume ratio of the chitosan acetic acid solution to the aqueous solution of the crosslinking agent is (2-5):1.

[0017] Further defined, the crosslinking temperature in S1 is 45-60 °C and the time is 20 min-15 h.

[0018] Further defined, the freeze-drying time in S1 is 20-50 h.

[0019] Further defined, the concentration of the MXene dispersion liquid in S2 is 1-6 mol / L, the single immersion time is 5-30 min, and the immersion and drying processes are repeated 1-10 times.

[0020] Further defined, the molar ratio of the molybdenum source to the sulfur source for growing the MoS2 layer in S3 is 1:(2-4).

[0021] Further define that the molybdenum source is ammonium molybdate and the sulfur source is thiourea.

[0022] Further define that in S3, the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 200 - 240 °C and the time is 18 - 30 h.

[0023] The second object of the present invention is to provide a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material prepared by the above method.

[0024] The third object of the present invention is to provide an interfacial evaporation device, and the interfacial evaporation device includes the above carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material.

[0025] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide an application of the interfacial evaporation device in the field of seawater evaporation and desalination.

[0026] The remarkable effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0027] (1) The present invention selects waste carbon fiber materials, processes them into carbon fiber felts, which not only enhances the mechanical properties of the photothermal conversion material but also solves the problem of recycling carbon fibers. At the same time, using a carbon material with low density and low surface energy as the skeleton structure can provide buoyancy for the whole material, and its light weight, high strength, and high modulus can improve the overall mechanical properties of the material.

[0028] (2) The present invention uses the carbon fiber felt as the substrate for thermal cross-linking, which can not only maintain the original carbon skeleton structure, construct a rough surface and an internal porous structure network, but also increase the strength and toughness of the composite film and enhance the mechanical properties of the material. At the same time, the carbon fiber and chitosan form mutually promoting and interconnected gas channels, which contribute to light trapping, heat management, and water transportation, and improve the water vapor evaporation rate.

[0029] (3) The method of the present invention forms a strong interfacial interaction between MXene and MoS2, aggregates heat at the air-water interface, realizes efficient absorption of sunlight, continuously conducts seawater evaporation, collects water vapor through condensation and other effects, so as to achieve the purpose of desalination. In addition, the MXene surface contains a large number of hydrophilic groups, which can be used to construct hydrophilic channels for rapid water transport. At the same time, the rough and porous surface can reduce the reflection of sunlight, the rich pores can significantly increase the evaporation area, and the strong light absorption performance and high photothermal conversion efficiency can enhance the absorption of sunlight by the material.

[0030] (4) The solar photothermal efficient conversion material of the present invention can be placed in the interfacial evaporation device, without any floating auxiliary equipment, generates steam under surface irradiation, the operation of purifying water is simple and easy, does not cause pollution to the environment, has a good photothermal conversion effect, can be continuously applied to seawater evaporation, and has broad application prospects in the direction of seawater desalination. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 SEM image of the morphology of the modified carbon felt in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 SEM image of the morphology of the composite membrane in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 SEM image of the morphology of the carbon fiber-based solar thermal high-efficiency conversion material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 Heating curve of the carbon fiber-based solar thermal high-efficiency conversion material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under near-infrared light irradiation when applied to photothermal conversion;

[0035] Figure 5 Photothermal conversion efficiency diagram of the carbon fiber-based solar thermal high-efficiency conversion material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under one-fold sunlight irradiation when applied to photothermal conversion;

[0036] Figure 6 Stress-strain curve diagram of the presence or absence of carbon fiber as a substrate in Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0037] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] The experimental methods used in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art, and those skilled in the art can obtain them through commercial channels.

[0039] The terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing" or any other variation thereof used in the following embodiments are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article or device containing the listed elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or elements inherent to such composition, step, method, article or device.

[0040] When an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, a preferred range, or a range defined by a series of upper preferred values and lower preferred values, this should be understood to specifically disclose all ranges formed by any pairing of any range upper limit or preferred value with any range lower limit or preferred value, regardless of whether or not the range is separately disclosed. For example, when the range "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted as including the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", etc. When a numerical range is described herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoint values and all integers and fractions within the range. In the specification and claims of this application, range limitations may be combined and / or interchanged, and if not otherwise stated, these ranges include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.

[0041] The indefinite articles "a" and "an" before an element or component of the present invention do not limit the quantity requirement (i.e., the number of occurrences) of the element or component. Therefore, "a" or "an" should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular form of an element or component also includes the plural form, unless the quantity clearly refers only to the singular form.

[0042] As used herein, "an embodiment" or "embodiments" of the present invention refers to specific features, structures, or characteristics that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in an embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0043] The endpoint values and any values within the ranges disclosed in the invention are not limited to the exact ranges or values, and these ranges or values should be understood to include values close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values of each range, between the endpoint values of each range and individual point values, and between individual point values may be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, and these numerical ranges should be regarded as specifically disclosed herein.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] The preparation method of the carbon fiber-based solar thermal high-efficiency conversion material with excellent mechanical properties in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0046] (1) Prepare carbon felt:

[0047] Use a high-speed needle punching machine roller needle to make chopped waste carbon fiber into carbon felt, control the specifications, and cut it into carbon felt sheets with a size of 10 cm × 10 cm and a thickness of 2 mm. Then soak it in deionized water for 10 minutes to remove surface impurities to obtain carbon felt, abbreviated as CF.

[0048] (2) Preparation of the chitosan and glutaraldehyde mixed solution:

[0049] First, dissolve 1.5 g of chitosan powder in 100 mL of acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 1%, and magnetically stir for 10 min in an oil bath at 50 °C to obtain a chitosan acetic acid solution.

[0050] Then, dissolve 1 mL of glutaraldehyde in 100 mL of hot water (60 °C) to obtain an aqueous glutaraldehyde solution.

[0051] Next, mix the chitosan acetic acid solution and the aqueous glutaraldehyde solution at a volume ratio of 5:1, and mix them for 20 min at a temperature of 45 °C and a stirring speed of 500 rpm to obtain a chitosan and glutaraldehyde mixed solution.

[0052] (3) Preparation of the modified carbon felt:

[0053] Lay the carbon felt prepared in step (1) on the mold as the substrate. After evacuating, drain the chitosan and glutaraldehyde mixed solution into the carbon felt through a hose. Under vacuum, it flows through the entire carbon fiber felt. After complete infiltration, age and crosslink at 45 °C for 10 h, then pre-freeze at -15 °C for 24 h, and then place it in a freeze dryer and freeze-dry for 30 h to obtain the modified carbon felt, abbreviated as CF+CS. The scanning electron microscope image of the morphology of the modified carbon felt is as Figure 1 shown. As can be seen from Figure 1 , chitosan firmly coats the surface of the carbon fiber, and an interpenetrating pore structure is formed with the carbon fiber. These pores provide multi-stage diffuse reflection for the incident light, and the carbon fiber with excellent mechanical properties can improve the mechanical properties of the material.

[0054] (4) Preparation of the composite membrane:

[0055] First, at room temperature, etch 1 g of MAX with 1.8 g of lithium fluoride and 9 mol·L -1 hydrofluoric acid to prepare Ti3C2Tx, and then through washing, DMSO intercalation, removal of DMSO, ultrasonic washing, and centrifugation for 1 h, collect the supernatant to obtain 6 mol·L -1 MXene, dilute it to 3 mol·L -1 and reserve it for later use.

[0056] Then, immerse the modified carbon felt obtained in step (3) in a 3 mol·L -1 MXene dispersion for 5 min, and perform vacuum drying treatment at 35 °C. The impregnation and drying processes are repeated three times until the MXene thickness is 30 nm to obtain the composite membrane, abbreviated as CF+CS+MXene. The scanning electron microscope image of the morphology of the composite membrane is as Figure 2 shown. As can be seen from Figure 2It can be seen that MXene nanosheets with excellent photothermal effects are deposited on the surface of carbon fibers.

[0057] (5) Hydrothermal deposition of MoS2 layer

[0058] Ammonium molybdate and thiourea were stirred evenly at a molar ratio of 1:2 at room temperature. Then, the composite film was dried and placed in a hydrothermal synthesis reactor, and hydrothermally reacted at 200 °C for 20 h. When the surface temperature of the hydrothermal reactor dropped to room temperature, it was taken out and placed in a blast drying oven at 60 °C for drying to obtain a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material, abbreviated as CF+CS+MXene+MoS2. The scanning electron microscope image of the morphology of the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material in this example is as Figure 3 shown. From Figure 3 it can be seen that molybdenum disulfide nanosheets grow in-situ on the surface of carbon fibers, and the surface roughness of the carbon fibers has changed significantly. The presence of these nanosheets enables light to be fully absorbed in the system and form multiple reflections, while also helping to reduce heat dissipation.

[0059] A photothermal conversion simulation experiment was carried out on the materials prepared in each step of Example 1. A 100 mL beaker was filled with pure water, and the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material of this example was placed on the liquid surface. The entire device was placed on an electronic balance, covered with a glass cover, and the mass was recorded every 1 h in a dark environment. Its natural evaporation rate was measured to be 0.021%.

[0060] Figure 4 This is the heating curve of the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention under near-infrared light irradiation during photothermal conversion. From Figure 4 it can be seen that the modified carbon felt modified with Mxene and molybdenum disulfide has the best thermal response and the most obvious light absorption and heat generation effect.

[0061] Irradiated with a xenon lamp simulating sunlight for 1 h under one-fold sunlight irradiation, controlling the distance between the liquid surface and the light probe to be 15 cm, recording the mass every 10 min, and recording the temperature change with an infrared thermal imager. The results are as Figure 5 shown, and the calculated photothermal conversion efficiency is 89.3%.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that: it does not contain carbon felt, that is, step (1) is omitted, and chitosan aerogel (CS) without carbon felt (CF) is directly obtained.

[0064] A tensile test was carried out on the CS obtained in Comparative Example 1 and the CF+CS obtained in step (3) of Example 1. The results are as Figure 6 shown. From Figure 6It can be seen from the data that the chitosan aerogel without carbon fiber modification has poor tensile properties, while the chitosan aerogel modified with carbon fiber has very excellent mechanical properties.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The preparation method of the carbon fiber-based solar thermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0067] (1) Prepare carbon felt:

[0068] Use a high-speed needle punching machine roller needle to make shredded waste carbon fiber into carbon felt, control the specifications, and cut it into carbon felt sheets with a size of 10 cm × 10 cm and a thickness of 2 mm. Then soak it in deionized water for 10 min to remove surface impurities to obtain carbon felt.

[0069] (2) Prepare a mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde:

[0070] First, dissolve 1 g of chitosan powder in 100 mL of acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 1%, and magnetically stir it in an oil bath at 55 °C for 10 min to obtain a chitosan acetic acid solution.

[0071] Then, dissolve 1 mL of glutaraldehyde in 100 mL of hot water (60 °C) to obtain an aqueous glutaraldehyde solution.

[0072] Next, mix the chitosan acetic acid solution and the aqueous glutaraldehyde solution at a volume ratio of 3:1 under the conditions of a temperature of 45 °C and a stirring speed of 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde.

[0073] (3) Prepare modified carbon felt:

[0074] Lay the carbon felt prepared in step (1) on the mold as the substrate. After evacuating, drain the mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde into the carbon felt through a hose, flow through the entire carbon fiber felt under vacuum, and after complete infiltration, age and crosslink at 45 °C for 10 h, then pre-freeze at -15 °C for 24 h, and then place it in a freeze dryer and freeze-dry for 40 h to obtain modified carbon felt.

[0075] (4) Prepare a composite film:

[0076] First, at room temperature, etch 1 g of MAX with 1.8 g of lithium fluoride and 9 mol·L -1 hydrofluoric acid to prepare Ti3C2Tx, and then through washing, DMSO intercalation, removal of DMSO, ultrasonic washing, centrifugation for 1 h, collect the supernatant to obtain 6 mol·L -1 of MXene, dilute it to 4 mol·L -1 and set aside.

[0077] Then, immerse the modified carbon felt obtained in step (3) in a 4 mol·L -1 MXene dispersion for 5 min, and conduct vacuum drying treatment at 35 °C. The impregnation and drying processes are repeated four times until the MXene thickness reaches 50 nm to obtain a composite film.

[0078] (5) Hydrothermal deposition of MoS2 layer

[0079] Stir ammonium molybdate and thiourea evenly at a molar ratio of 1:4 at room temperature. Then, dry the composite film and place it in a hydrothermal synthesis reactor. Conduct hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 18 h. When the surface temperature of the hydrothermal synthesis reactor drops to room temperature, take it out and place it in a blast drying oven at 60 °C for drying to obtain a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] The preparation method of the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal high-efficiency conversion material with excellent mechanical properties in this example is carried out according to the following steps:

[0082] (1) Preparation of carbon felt:

[0083] Use a high-speed needle punching machine roller needle to make carbon felt from shredded waste carbon fiber, control the specifications, and cut it into carbon felt sheets with a size of 10 cm × 10 cm and a thickness of 2 mm. Then immerse it in deionized water for 10 min to remove surface impurities to obtain carbon felt.

[0084] (2) Preparation of a mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde:

[0085] First, dissolve 1.5 g of chitosan powder in 100 mL of acetic acid solution with a mass concentration of 1%, and magnetically stir it in an oil bath at 60 °C for 10 min to obtain a chitosan acetic acid solution.

[0086] Then, dissolve 3 g of dialdehyde starch in 400 mL of hot water (50 °C) to obtain an aqueous solution of dialdehyde starch.

[0087] Next, mix the chitosan acetic acid solution and the aqueous solution of dialdehyde starch at a volume ratio of 5:1 under the conditions of a temperature of 45 °C and a stirring speed of 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde.

[0088] (3) Preparation of modified carbon felt:

[0089] Lay the carbon felt prepared in step (1) on the mold as the substrate. After evacuating the air, drain the mixed solution of chitosan and glutaraldehyde into the carbon felt through a hose. Under vacuum, it flows through the entire carbon fiber felt. After complete infiltration, age and crosslink at 45 °C for 10 h, then pre-freeze at -15 °C for 24 h, and then place it in a freeze dryer for freeze-drying for 48 h to obtain the modified carbon felt.

[0090] (4) Prepare the composite film:

[0091] First, at room temperature, etch 1 g of MAX with 1.8 g of lithium fluoride and 9 mol·L -1 hydrofluoric acid to prepare Ti3C2Tx. Then, through washing, DMSO intercalation, removal of DMSO, ultrasonic washing, and centrifugation for 1 h, collect the supernatant to obtain 6 mol·L -1 of MXene, dilute it to 3 mol·L -1 and set it aside for later use.

[0092] Then, immerse the modified carbon felt obtained in step (3) in the 3 mol·L -1 MXene dispersion for 5 min, and perform vacuum drying treatment at 35 °C. The impregnation and drying processes are repeated five times until the thickness of MXene is 70 nm to obtain the composite film.

[0093] (5) Hydrothermal deposition of MoS2 layer

[0094] Stir ammonium molybdate and thiourea evenly at a molar ratio of 1:3 at room temperature. Then, dry the composite film and place it in a hydrothermal synthesis reaction kettle, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 200 °C for 18 h. When the surface temperature of the hydrothermal reaction kettle drops to room temperature, take it out and place it in a blast drying oven at 60 °C for drying to obtain the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material.

[0095] As mentioned above, only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described. These specific embodiments are all different implementation manners based on the overall concept of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties, characterized in that, Proceed as follows: S1: Using carbon felt as the substrate, a mixed solution of chitosan and a crosslinking agent is injected by means of a vacuum infusion process. After infiltrating the carbon felt, it is aged and crosslinked, and then freeze-dried to obtain a modified carbon felt. The mixed solution is obtained by thermally mixing a chitosan acetic acid solution and an aqueous crosslinking agent solution. The concentration of chitosan in the chitosan acetic acid solution is 1-2 wt%, the concentration of acetic acid is 1-10 wt%, the concentration of the aqueous crosslinking agent solution is 0.5-1 vol%, and the volume ratio of the chitosan acetic acid solution to the aqueous crosslinking agent solution is (2-5):1; S2: The modified carbon felt is impregnated with the MXene dispersion multiple times. After impregnation, it is dried, and then the next impregnation is carried out to obtain a composite membrane. The concentration of the MXene dispersion is 1-6 mol / L, the single impregnation time is 5-30 min, and the impregnation and drying processes are repeated 1-10 times; S3: A MoS2 layer is in-situ grown on the surface of the composite membrane through a hydrothermal reaction to obtain a carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S1, the carbon felt is made of waste carbon fiber, with a thickness of 2-10 mm, and the crosslinking agent is epichlorohydrin, glutaraldehyde or dialdehyde starch.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In S1, the crosslinking temperature is 45-60 °C, the time is 20 min-15 h, and the freeze-drying is 20-50 h.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In S3, the molar ratio of the molybdenum source to the sulfur source for growing the MoS2 layer is 1:(2-4), the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 200-240 °C, and the time is 18-30 h.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The molybdenum source is ammonium molybdate, and the sulfur source is thiourea.

6. A carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-5.

7. An interfacial evaporation device, characterized in that, It comprises the carbon fiber-based solar photothermal efficient conversion material with excellent mechanical properties according to claim 6.

8. Application of the interfacial evaporation device according to claim 7 in the field of seawater evaporation and desalination.

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