Application of Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in increasing wheat yield and / or disease resistance

Abstract

The present invention provides the application of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in wheat cultivation, belonging to the technical field of microbial applications. In the present invention, the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 is applied to wheat cultivation, and the effects of promoting wheat growth, increasing production and / or resisting diseases can be achieved. Applying the conidial suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 and the bacterial fertilizer of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 to the wheat cultivation system can promote the growth of wheat leaves, improve the photosynthesis of wheat, promote the absorption of nutrient elements by wheat, enhance the root activity of wheat and improve the resistance of wheat to leaf rust, increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat and increase the wheat yield. The Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention also has the ability to promote the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants and improve the lodging resistance of wheat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of microbial applications, and specifically relates to the application of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in wheat yield increase and / or disease resistance. Background Art

[0002] China is a large agricultural country and also a large populous country, so the demand for wheat is increasing year by year. The reduction of agricultural land and the serious diseases of wheat crops have led to major problems in wheat harvests. In the past, we used a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to increase wheat yields. However, the utilization rates of N, P, and K in the soil are extremely low, resulting in a large amount of waste and serious pollution problems, posing a threat to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to use naturally screened microorganisms to solve wheat growth problems and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to solve the problem of soil chemical fertilizer and pesticide pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in wheat cultivation.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The present invention provides an application of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in wheat cultivation, and the application includes one or more of the following (1) to (3):

[0006] (1) Promote wheat growth;

[0007] (2) Increase wheat yield;

[0008] (3) Improve the disease resistance of wheat.

[0009] Preferably, the wheat growth promotion includes any one or more of the following (1) to (5):

[0010] (1) Promote the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants;

[0011] (2) Promote the growth of wheat leaves;

[0012] (3) Improve wheat photosynthesis;

[0013] (4) Promote the absorption of nutrient elements by wheat;

[0014] (5) Enhance the root activity of wheat.

[0015] Preferably, the disease resistance of wheat includes the ability of wheat to resist leaf rust.

[0016] The present invention provides a method for preparing a conidial suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance, including the following steps:

[0017] Culture the strain of Talaromyces flavus TF-04 in a culture medium, isolate conidia, and obtain a conidial suspension.

[0018] Preferably, the culture medium includes a PDA medium; the culture temperature is 24-30 °C; the culture time is 7-10 d; the culture is carried out in the dark.

[0019] Preferably, the concentration of conidia in the conidial suspension is 1×10 7 CFU / mL to 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

[0020] The present invention provides a preparation method of a bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or resisting diseases of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Carry out solid fermentation culture on the conidial suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution to obtain a bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or resisting diseases of wheat.

[0022] Preferably, the culture medium for the solid fermentation culture includes a mixture of wheat bran and rice husk; the mass ratio of the wheat bran to the rice husk is (1-1.3):(1-0.7); the water content of the culture medium is 60%-70%.

[0023] Preferably, the solid fermentation culture includes dark culture and light culture;

[0024] The temperature of the dark culture is 24-30 °C; the time of the dark culture is 4-6 d;

[0025] The temperature of the light culture is 24-30 °C; the time of the light culture is 12-20 d; the illumination time of the light culture is 10 h / d to 14 h / d.

[0026] The present invention provides a method for using the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Use the bacterial fertilizer for seed dressing; when carrying out seed dressing, the mass ratio of the seeds to the bacterial fertilizer is (2-20) g:0.75 kg.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] The present invention provides the application of the strain of Talaromyces flavus TF-04 in wheat planting, and the application includes one or more of promoting wheat growth, increasing wheat yield and improving wheat disease resistance.

[0030] The present invention applies the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus to wheat cultivation, which can achieve the effects of promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and disease resistance. The results of the examples show that applying the conidial suspension of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus and the bacterial fertilizer of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus to the wheat cultivation system can improve the germination rate of wheat seeds, promote the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants; increase the length and width of wheat leaves; increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of wheat leaves; increase the contents of N and P in wheat leaves; enhance the root activity of wheat; and improve the resistance of wheat to leaf rust. The bacterial fertilizer of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus described in the present invention can promote the increase of wheat yield and increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat.

[0031] Biological deposit description

[0032] The strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus described in the present invention, classified and named: Talaromyces flavus TF-04, is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, with the deposit number CCTCC NO: M 2021078, the deposit date is January 15, 2021, and the deposit address: Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Description of the drawings

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a growth status diagram of wheat seeds in the control group 3-0, test group 3-1 and test group 3-2 under constant temperature and humidity culture for 3 days;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a growth status diagram of wheat seeds in the control group 3-0, test group 3-1 and test group 3-2 after being planted for 45 days;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a statistical result diagram of the plant height and fresh weight of wheat seeds in the control group 3-0, test group 3-1 and test group 3-2 after being planted for 45 days;

[0037] Figure 4 It is a field growth status diagram of wheat in the control group 4-0 and test group 4-3 during the flowering stage;

[0038] Figure 5 It is a statistical result diagram of the length and width of the flag leaves of wheat in the control group 4-0, test group 4-1, test group 4-2 and test group 4-3 during the flowering stage;

[0039] Figure 6Statistical result chart of chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of wheat in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 during the anthesis stage;

[0040] Figure 7 Statistical result chart of photosynthesis rate in the flag leaves of wheat in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-1 during the anthesis stage;

[0041] Figure 8 Detection result chart of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the flag leaves of wheat in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 during the anthesis stage;

[0042] Figure 9 Standard curve drawn in the determination of wheat root activity;

[0043] Figure 10 Statistical result chart of wheat root activity in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 during the anthesis stage;

[0044] Figure 11 Disease condition chart of leaf rust in control group 4-0;

[0045] Figure 12 Disease condition chart of leaf rust in experimental group 4-1;

[0046] Figure 13 Disease condition chart of leaf rust in experimental group 4-2;

[0047] Figure 14 Disease condition chart of leaf rust in experimental group 4-3;

[0048] Figure 15 Disease index result chart of leaf rust;

[0049] Figure 16 Growth condition chart of experimental group 4-3 and control group 4-0 at the mature stage of wheat;

[0050] Figure 17 Statistical result chart of 1000-grain weight of wheat in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 at the mature stage;

[0051] Figure 18 Statistical result of wheat yield in experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 at the mature stage. Detailed implementation mode

[0052] The present invention provides the application of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in wheat cultivation, and the application includes one or more of the following (1) to (3):

[0053] (1) Promote the growth of wheat;

[0054] (2) Increase the yield of wheat;

[0055] (3) Improve the disease resistance of wheat.

[0056] In the present invention, the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus is the same as the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus described in Patent No. 202110143650.1; for the biological information and preservation information of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus, please refer to the description in Patent No. 202110143650.1. The preservation number of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in the present invention is CCTCC NO: M 2021078. The preferred preservation method of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in the present invention includes storing the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus on a PDA slant at 4°C or cryopreserving the conidial suspension of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in an aqueous glycerol solution with a volume percentage of 20% at -80°C.

[0057] In the present invention, the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus can promote the growth of wheat. In the present invention, the promotion of wheat growth preferably includes any one or more of the following (1) to (5):

[0058] (1) Promote the dwarfing of wheat plants;

[0059] (2) Promote the growth of wheat leaves;

[0060] (3) Improve the photosynthesis of wheat;

[0061] (4) Promote the absorption of nutrient elements by wheat;

[0062] (5) Enhance the root activity of wheat.

[0063] In the present invention, the promotion of wheat growth preferably includes increasing the germination rate of wheat seeds. After soaking wheat seeds with the conidial suspension of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in the present invention, there is no significant effect on the germination rate of wheat seeds.

[0064] In the present invention, the promotion of wheat growth preferably includes promoting the dwarfing of wheat plants. The promotion of the dwarfing of wheat plants in the present invention preferably includes reducing the plant height above the ground of wheat and increasing the fresh weight above the ground of wheat. The strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus provided by the present invention can significantly reduce the plant height above the ground of wheat and increase the fresh weight above the ground of wheat, making the plants dwarf. The strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus in the present invention can enhance the lodging resistance of wheat by promoting the dwarfing of wheat plants.

[0065] In the present invention, the wheat growth promotion preferably includes promoting the growth of wheat leaves. The promotion of wheat leaf growth in the present invention preferably includes increasing the leaf area of wheat; more preferably includes increasing the length and / or width of wheat leaves. In the present invention, the wheat leaves preferably include the wheat flag leaf. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly increase the leaf area of wheat flag leaves, and further enhance the photosynthesis of wheat.

[0066] In the present invention, the wheat growth promotion preferably includes increasing the photosynthesis of wheat. The increase in wheat photosynthesis in the present invention preferably includes increasing the chlorophyll content of wheat leaves and / or increasing the photosynthetic rate of wheat. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves during the anthesis stage in the field.

[0067] In the present invention, the wheat growth promotion preferably includes promoting the absorption of nutrient elements by wheat. In the present invention, the nutrient elements preferably include N and P. In the present invention, the Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 can significantly increase the total N and total P contents in the flag leaves of wheat during the anthesis stage. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can promote the absorption of N and P by wheat, thereby significantly increasing the total N and total P contents in wheat leaves, and further providing sufficient nutrient elements for the synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthetic products.

[0068] In the present invention, the wheat growth promotion preferably includes enhancing the root activity of wheat. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly increase the activity of root dehydrogenase of wheat during the anthesis stage in the field.

[0069] The yield increase in the present invention preferably includes increasing the thousand-grain weight of wheat. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat and increase the wheat yield.

[0070] The improvement of wheat disease resistance in the present invention preferably includes improving the resistance of wheat to leaf rust. The Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly reduce the incidence of wheat leaf rust.

[0071] The present invention provides a method for preparing a conidial suspension of Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or improving disease resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0072] Cultivate the Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 in a medium, isolate the conidia, and obtain a conidial suspension.

[0073] The present invention cultivates the Talaromyces luteus strain TF-04 in a medium.

[0074] In the present invention, the culture medium preferably includes PDA culture medium. In the present invention, there are no special restrictions on the source and preparation method of the PDA culture medium. In the present invention, the temperature of the culture is preferably 24°C to 30°C, more preferably 28°C; the time of the culture is preferably 7 to 10 days, more preferably 9 days; the culture method is preferably dark culture.

[0075] After the culture is completed, the present invention separates conidia to obtain a conidia suspension.

[0076] The separation of conidia in the present invention preferably includes washing down conidia and filtration. The washing down of conidia in the present invention is preferably carried out with sterile water, and the specific method is preferably: adding sterile water to the surface of the colony and gently rubbing the surface of the colony with a sterile cotton swab to wash down the formed conidia. After washing down the conidia, the present invention filters the conidia liquid. The filtration in the present invention is preferably carried out with three layers of sterile lens paper; the filtrate obtained by filtration is the conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04. In the present invention, the concentration of conidia in the conidia suspension is preferably 1×10 7 CFU / mL to 1×10 9 CFU / mL, more preferably 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0077] The present invention provides a preparation method of a bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or resisting diseases of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0078] The conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution is subjected to solid fermentation culture to obtain a bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or resisting diseases of wheat.

[0079] The culture medium for the solid fermentation culture in the present invention preferably includes a mixture of wheat bran and rice husk. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the mixture of wheat bran and rice husk is (1 to 1.3):(1 to 0.7), more preferably 1:1; the water content of the culture medium is 60% to 70%, more preferably 65%. The present invention has no special restrictions on the sources of wheat bran and rice husk, and conventional products in the art can be used. After obtaining the culture medium for the solid fermentation culture, the present invention preferably sterilizes the culture medium. In the present invention, the temperature of the sterilization is preferably 121°C; the time of the sterilization is preferably 2 h. After obtaining the sterilized culture medium, the present invention preferably inoculates the conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 into the culture medium. In the present invention, the inoculation amount of the inoculation is preferably 1% of the mass of the culture medium. The concentration of conidia in the conidia suspension during inoculation in the present invention is preferably 1×10 7CFU / mL. After inoculation, the present invention is cultured. The culture of the present invention preferably includes dark culture and light culture, and more preferably first conducts dark culture, and after the dark culture is completed, light culture is carried out. The temperature of the dark culture of the present invention is preferably 24°C to 30°C, more preferably 28°C; the time of the dark culture is preferably 4 to 6 days, more preferably 5 days. In the dark culture stage of the present invention, it is preferably to shake the culture medium every day; the number of times of shaking is preferably 2 times; the shaking is preferably carried out in the morning and evening every day. The present invention has no special limitation on the shaking time, as long as it is within the corresponding time period. The temperature of the light culture of the present invention is 24°C to 30°C, more preferably 28°C; the time of the light culture is preferably 12 to 20 days, more preferably 15 days; the light illumination time of the light culture is preferably 10 h / d to 14 h / d, more preferably 12 h / d. After the solid fermentation culture is completed, the present invention preferably breaks up and mixes evenly the solid fermentation product to obtain a bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance. In the present invention, the conidia content of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance is preferably 1×10 8 ~1×10 9 CFU / g, more preferably 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0080] The present invention also provides a method for using the bacterial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, including the following steps:

[0081] Use the bacterial fertilizer for seed dressing; when carrying out seed dressing, the mass ratio of the seeds to the bacterial fertilizer is (2 - 20) g: 0.75 kg.

[0082] Before the present invention carries out seed dressing on wheat seeds, it is preferably to carry out surface disinfection and water absorption treatment on the wheat seeds. The reagent for the surface disinfection of the present invention preferably includes an aqueous solution of 84 disinfectant; the mass percentage content of sodium hypochlorite in the 84 disinfectant is preferably 5%, and the volume ratio of the 84 disinfectant to water is preferably 1:19. The time of the surface disinfection of the present invention is preferably 6 to 10 minutes, more preferably 10 minutes. After the surface disinfection is completed, the present invention preferably rinses the seeds with water and then carries out water absorption treatment. The rinsing water of the present invention is preferably sterile water; the number of rinsing times is preferably 3 times. The water absorption treatment of the present invention preferably places the seeds in clear water for water absorption; the water absorption time is preferably 4 to 8 hours, more preferably 6 hours. When the present invention carries out seed dressing, the mass ratio of the seeds to the bacterial fertilizer is (2 - 20) g: 0.75 kg; more preferably 10 g: 0.75 kg.

[0083] The present invention also provides a method for using the conidia suspension prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, including: soaking the seeds with the conidia suspension.

[0084] Before soaking wheat seeds, it is preferred to disinfect the surface of wheat seeds and perform water absorption treatment. The reagent for surface disinfection in the present invention preferably includes an aqueous solution of 84 disinfectant; the mass percentage content of sodium hypochlorite in the 84 disinfectant is preferably 5%, and the volume ratio of 84 disinfectant to water is preferably 1:19. The surface disinfection time in the present invention is preferably 6 - 10 min, more preferably 10 min. After the surface disinfection is completed, it is preferred to rinse the seeds with water and then perform water absorption treatment. The rinsing water in the present invention is preferably sterile water; the number of rinsing times is preferably 3 times. After the seeds are rinsed, the present invention uses a conidia suspension to soak the seeds. The soaking in the present invention preferably makes the liquid just submerge the seeds; the soaking time is preferably 12 - 24 h, more preferably 24 h.

[0085] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0086] The result analysis in the application examples uses EXCEL and Prism for statistical analysis.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] The preparation method of the conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF - 04 is as follows:

[0089] Preparation of PDA medium: Add 200 g of potatoes and 20 g of glucose to each liter of the medium.

[0090] After the PDA medium is prepared, inoculate the Talaromyces flavus strain TF - 04 into the PDA medium and perform dark cultivation at a temperature of 28°C for 9 days.

[0091] After the cultivation is completed, add sterile water to the surface of the colony, gently rub the surface of the colony with a sterile cotton swab to wash off the formed conidia, and filter the conidia suspension through three layers of sterile lens paper to obtain the conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF - 04. Obtain a conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF - 04 with 1×10 7 CFU / mL and a conidia suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF - 04 with 1×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] A preparation method of a bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or resisting diseases is as follows:

[0094] Preparation of the culture medium for solid fermentation: Mix wheat bran and rice husk in a mass ratio of 1:1, adjust the water content of the mixed system to 65%, and sterilize at 121 °C for 2 h to obtain the culture medium for solid fermentation.

[0095] Inoculate the conidial suspension of the Xanthomyces flavus strain TF-04 at 1×10 7 CFU / mL prepared in Example 1 according to 1% of the mass of the culture medium, and incubate in the dark at 28 °C for 5 d, shaking well once in the morning and once in the evening every day during the dark incubation.

[0096] After the dark incubation, incubate in the light at 28 °C for 15 d, and the light exposure time for the light incubation is 12 h / d. Shaking is not required during the light incubation.

[0097] After the light incubation is completed, break up and mix evenly the solid fermentation product to obtain a bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance of wheat. The number of conidia in the bacterial fertilizer is 1×10 9 CFU / g.

[0098] Example 3

[0099] Treat the seeds with the conidial suspension of the Xanthomyces flavus strain TF-04 prepared in Example 1 as Wheat Seed Treatment A. The specific method is as follows:

[0100] Surface disinfect the wheat seeds with an aqueous solution of 84 disinfectant (the mass percentage of sodium hypochlorite in the 84 disinfectant is 5%) with a volume ratio of 84 disinfectant to water of 1:19 for 10 min, and rinse 3 times with sterile water. Soak the wheat seeds in sterile water at room temperature as Control Group 3-0; soak the wheat seeds in the conidial suspension of the Xanthomyces flavus strain TF-04 at 1×10 7 CFU / mL prepared in Example 1 as Test Group 3-1; soak the wheat seeds in the conidial suspension of the Xanthomyces flavus strain TF-04 at 1×10 8 CFU / mL prepared in Example 1 as Test Group 3-2.

[0101] When soaking, make the liquid just cover the wheat seeds. The soaking time is 24 h. After the soaking is completed, the wheat seeds germinate and can be directly sown.

[0102] Application Example 1

[0103] 1. Seed germination experiment

[0104] Place the wheat seeds after soaking in Control Group 3-0, Test Group 3-1 and Test Group 3-2 in Example 3 in vermiculite containing water for cultivation. The water content in the vermiculite is 70%, and incubate under constant temperature and humidity conditions at 20 °C for 3 d.

[0105] Among them, three parallel replicates were set for each treatment group in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group, with 100 wheat seeds in each replicate. The number of germinated seeds in each parallel replicate was counted, and the germination rate was calculated.

[0106] The growth status diagrams of wheat in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after 3 days of constant temperature and humidity cultivation of wheat seeds are as Figure 1 shown. Among them Figure 1 A in [figure] shows the germination of wheat seeds treated in the experimental 3-1 group; Figure 1 B in [figure] shows the germination of wheat seeds treated in the experimental 3-2 group; Figure 1 C in [figure] shows the germination of wheat seeds treated in the control 3-0 group. The seed germination rates of the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after 3 days of constant temperature and humidity cultivation of the treated seeds are shown in Table 1.

[0107] Table 1 Seed germination rates of the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after 3 days of constant temperature and humidity cultivation

[0108] Group Germination rate (%) Test Group 3-1 65±2.00 Test Group 3-2 72±3.05 Control Group 3-0 68±2.96

[0109] From Table 1 and Figure 1 it can be seen that there is no significant difference in the germination rates of wheat seeds in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after 3 days of cultivation. It shows that the treatment with a high-concentration TF-04 spore suspension can improve the germination rate of wheat seeds to a certain extent.

[0110] 2. Greenhouse cultivation experiment

[0111] The wheat seeds in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after soaking in Example 3 were planted in the basic culture soil and cultivated under greenhouse conditions.

[0112] The formula of the basic culture soil is: loess: humus soil: seedling substrate = 1:1:1 by mass ratio.

[0113] Among them, three parallel replicates were set for each treatment group in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group, with 20 wheat seeds in each replicate and 5 seeds per pot.

[0114] The growth of wheat plants was observed. After 45 days of planting, 10 plants were randomly selected from each replicate of the three treatments for measuring the above-ground plant height and fresh weight of wheat plants.

[0115] The growth status diagrams of wheat in the control 3-0 group, the experimental 3-1 group, and the experimental 3-2 group after 45 days of planting wheat seeds are as Figure 2 shown. Figure 2The figure corresponding to CK is the growth condition of the control 3-0 group planted for 45 days; 10 7 The corresponding figure is the growth condition of the experimental 3-1 group planted for 45 days; 10 8 The corresponding figure is the growth condition of the experimental 3-2 group planted for 45 days. The statistical results of the sum, plant height, and fresh weight of wheat in the control 3-0 group, experimental 3-1 group, and experimental 3-2 group after planting wheat seeds for 45 days are as Figure 3 and shown in Table 2. Among them Figure 3 The left figure in it is the statistical result of the plant height of wheat in the control 3-0 group, experimental 3-1 group, and experimental 3-2 group planted for 45 days; the right figure is the statistical result of the above-ground fresh weight of wheat in the control 3-0 group, experimental 3-1 group, and experimental 3-2 group planted for 45 days.

[0116] Table 2 Plant height and fresh weight of wheat after TF-04 treatment under greenhouse conditions (45 days) (mean, standard deviation)

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, "**" represents the significant difference at P≤0.01, and "*" represents the significant difference at P≤0.05.

[0120] From Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Table 2, it can be obtained that the treatment of wheat seeds in the experimental 3-2 group can significantly reduce the above-ground plant height of wheat plants, which is reduced by 2.827% compared with the control treatment; at the same time, it significantly increases the above-ground fresh weight, which is increased by 13.18% compared with the control treatment; while the treatment of wheat seeds in the experimental 3-1 group has no significant difference in the growth of wheat compared with the control. It shows that the treatment with the conidial suspension of the Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strain TF-04 at 1×10 8 CFU / mL under greenhouse conditions has the ability to promote the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants.

[0121] Example 4

[0122] Use the bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance of wheat prepared in Example 2 to treat seeds, as wheat seed treatment B. The method is specifically as follows:

[0123] Use 84 disinfectant (an 84 disinfectant aqueous solution with a mass percentage of sodium hypochlorite of 5% and a volume ratio of 1:19 to water) to surface disinfect wheat seeds for 10 minutes, and rinse with sterile water 3 times. After rinsing, place the surface-disinfected wheat seeds in clear water to absorb water for 6 hours, and then use the bacterial fertilizer for promoting growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance of wheat (solid culture) prepared in Example 2 to carry out seed dressing treatment on wheat seeds:

[0124] Mix the wheat seeds with the solid culture at a mass ratio of 2 g: 0.75 kg for seed dressing to obtain the experimental group 4-1; mix the wheat seeds with the solid culture at a mass ratio of 10 g: 0.75 kg for seed dressing to obtain the experimental group 4-2; mix the wheat seeds with the solid culture at a mass ratio of 20 g: 0.75 kg for seed dressing to obtain the experimental group 4-3. Use the non-seed-dressing treatment as the control group 4-0.

[0125] The wheat seeds after seed dressing can be directly sown.

[0126] Application Example 2

[0127] Field cultivation

[0128] Carry out plot experiments on the wheat seeds treated in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and the control group 4-0 in Example 4 in the experimental field of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei Province in late October 2021. Set 5 plots for each treatment, and each plot is 2×10 m 2 , and the plots are randomly distributed. Carry out normal field cultivation management.

[0129] 1. The situation of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance in promoting the growth of field wheat

[0130] Observe the growth and development of the wheat plants planted in the base of Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, Hubei Province in 2021 during the wheat flowering stage. The field growth situation diagrams of the wheat in the control group 4-0 and the experimental group 4-3 during the wheat flowering stage are as Figure 4 shown, where ck is the field growth situation of the wheat seeds treated in the control group 4-0 during the flowering stage; the treatment with TF-04 strain is the field growth situation of the wheat seeds treated in the experimental group 4-3 during the flowering stage. During the wheat flowering stage, take the wheat flag leaves by the five-point sampling method, with 20 leaves at each sampling point, and measure the length and width of the flag leaves. The statistical result diagrams of the length and width of the wheat flag leaves in the control group 4-0, the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 during the wheat flowering stage are as Figure 5 and Table 3 shown. The statistical results of the flag leaf length in the control group 4-0, the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 are as Figure 5 shown in A. The statistical results of the flag leaf width in the control group 4-0, the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 are as Figure 5 shown in B.

[0131] Table 3 Length and width of the wheat flag leaves in the field (average value, standard deviation)

[0132] Treatment Flag leaf length (cm) Flag leaf width (cm) Control Group 4-0 20.65±0.58 2.08±0.01 Test Group 4-1 21.00±0.30 2.12±0.01 Test Group 4-2 21.34±0.18 2.13±0.04 Test Group 4-3 22.14±0.25* 2.21±0.09**

[0133] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, "**" represents the significant difference at P≤0.01, and "*" represents the significant difference at P≤0.05.

[0134] It can be seen from Figure 4 that compared with the wheat in the control 4-0 group, the wheat leaves in the 20g treatment group of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance are darker green, and the flag leaves are larger, curved and drooping, which is significantly better than the control 4-0 group.

[0135] From Table 3 and Figure 5 A and B in it, it can be obtained by statistically analyzing the physiological indexes such as the length and width of the flag leaves of wheat at the flowering stage that: compared with the control 4-0 group, the length and width of the flag leaves of the experimental group are significantly larger than those of the control 4-0 group, and the effect is better with the increase of the spore treatment amount. The flag leaf lengths of the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 are increased by 1.7%, 3.3% and 7.2% respectively compared with the control 4-0 group. Among them, there is a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the wheat in the 20g treatment group of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance and the control 4-0 group. The flag leaf widths of the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 are increased by 1.9%, 2.4% and 6.3% respectively compared with the control 4-0 group. Among them, there is a significant difference (P≤0.01) between the wheat in the 20g treatment group of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance and the control 4-0 group. Therefore, the flag leaf area of the wheat in the 20g treatment group of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance is significantly larger than that of the control 4-0 group. Thus, the experimental group 4-3, that is, the 20g treatment group of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance, can enhance the photosynthesis of wheat.

[0136] 2. Effect of the bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth, increasing yield and / or disease resistance on wheat photosynthesis

[0137] (1) Determination of chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of wheat at the flowering stage

[0138] At the flowering stage of wheat, the flag leaves of wheat are sampled by the five-point sampling method. There are 20 leaves at each sampling point. The impurities on the surface of the tissue are rinsed and wiped clean, cut into pieces (removing the midrib), and mixed evenly; 0.2g of the fresh cut samples are weighed, a total of 3 portions, and each portion is put into a mortar for subsequent operations.

[0139] Add a small amount of quartz sand, calcium carbonate powder, and 2 - 3 mL of 95% ethanol aqueous solution by volume to a mortar, grind into a homogeneous paste, then add 10 mL of absolute ethanol, and continue grinding until the tissue turns white. Let it stand for 3 - 5 minutes; Take 1 piece of filter paper, place it in a funnel, moisten it with absolute ethanol, pour the extract along a glass rod into the funnel, and filter it into a 25 mL brown volumetric flask. Rinse the mortar, pestle, and residue several times with a small amount of absolute ethanol, and finally pour them into the funnel together with the residue; Use a dropper to suck up absolute ethanol and wash all the chloroplast pigments on the filter paper into the volumetric flask until there is no green color on the filter paper and the residue. Finally, make up the volume to 25 mL with ethanol and shake well; Pour the chloroplast pigment extract into a cuvette with a diameter of 1 cm. Use 95% ethanol aqueous solution by volume as the blank, and measure the absorbance at wavelengths of 470 nm, 665 nm, and 649 nm using a spectrophotometer. Calculate the chlorophyll content in the flag leaf through the absorbance values.

[0140] The calculation method for chlorophyll content is as follows:

[0141] Ca (mg / L) = 13.95A 665 - 6.8A 649 ;

[0142] Cb (mg / L) = 24.96A 649 - 7.32A 665 ;

[0143] C X.C (mg / L) = (1000A 470 - 2.05Ca - 114.8Cb) / 248;

[0144] C T (mg / L) = Ca + Cb + C X.C ;

[0145] In the formula: Ca is chlorophyll a; Cb is chlorophyll b; C X.C is carotenoid; C T is the pigment content; A 665 represents the absorbance value measured at a wavelength of 665 nm; A 649 represents the absorbance value measured at a wavelength of 649 nm; A 470 represents the absorbance value measured at a wavelength of 470 nm.

[0146] Chlorophyll content (mg / g) = (C T × V × N) / 1000W.

[0147] In the formula: C T is the pigment content (mg / L); V is the volume of the extract (mL); N is the dilution factor; W is the fresh mass of the sample (g); 1000 means 1 L = 1000 mL.

[0148] The chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3, as well as the control group 4-0, was measured, and each sampling was detected 3 times. The statistical results of the chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of wheat in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3, as well as the control group 4-0, during the wheat flowering stage are shown in Figure 6 and Table 4.

[0149] Table 4 Chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate in wheat leaves (mean, standard deviation)

[0150] Treatment Chlorophyll (mg / g) Control Group 4-0 1.93±0.10 Test Group 4-1 2.10±0.06* Test Group 4-2 2.27±0.02** Test Group 4-3 2.38±0.05**

[0151] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, "**" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.01, and "*" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.05.

[0152] From Table 4 and Figure 6 it can be seen that the chlorophyll content in the wheat plants grown from the wheat seeds treated in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 increased to a certain extent compared with that in the control group 4-0. Compared with the control group 4-0, the chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 increased by 8.8%, 17.7%, and 23.3% respectively, and were all significantly higher than that in the control group 4-0. This indicates that the increase in the chlorophyll content in the flag leaves is an important way of promoting the growth of wheat.

[0153] (2) Measure the photosynthesis rate in the flag leaves of wheat during the flowering stage

[0154] The photosynthesis rate of the wheat flag leaves was measured using a portable plant photosynthesis measurement system LI-6800 (LI-COR, USA) on sunny days during the wheat flowering stage. The statistical results of the photosynthesis rate of the wheat flag leaves in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3, as well as the control group 4-0, during the wheat flowering stage are shown in Figure 7 and Table 5.

[0155] Table 5 Chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate in wheat leaves (mean, standard deviation)

[0156] Treatment <![CDATA[Photosynthetic rate (μmol·CO2·m -2 ·s -1 )]]> Control Group 4-0 10.66±0.13 Test Group 4-1 10.95±0.25 Test Group 4-2 12.89±0.15** Test Group 4-3 13.28±0.09**

[0157] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, "**" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.01, and "*" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.05.

[0158] From Figure 7As can be seen from Table 5, the photosynthetic rates of the wheat plants grown from the wheat seeds treated in Test Groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 all increased to a certain extent compared with those of the control group (Control 4-0). Compared with the control group (Control 4-0), the photosynthetic rates of Test Groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 increased by 2.71%, 20.9%, and 24.6% respectively. Among them, there were significant differences between the wheat in the 10g and 20g treatment groups and the control group (Control 4-0) (P≤0.01). This indicates that the increase in the photosynthetic rate in the flag leaves may be an important way of promoting the growth of wheat.

[0159] 3. Determination of the Contents of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Wheat Samples

[0160] During the wheat flowering stage, the flag leaves of wheat were sampled by the five-point sampling method, with 20 leaves at each sampling point. The determination of the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in wheat samples was carried out by the concentrated sulfuric acid digestion method, referring to the method of Tian Binnian et al. (2022). The specific steps are as follows:

[0161] (1) Preparation of Total Nitrogen Standard Samples and Reagents

[0162] Preparation of 2500mg / L total nitrogen stock standard sample: 9.55g NH4Cl was dissolved in 1L of 1% (v / v) H2SO4 aqueous solution and made up to the mark;

[0163] TN needle washing solution: 1mL of Brij-35 (polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) was dissolved in 2L of distilled water and shaken well;

[0164] Reagent TNA: 20g of H2O2, 26.8g of Na2HPO4·7H2O (disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate), and 50g of C4H4KNaO6·4H2O (potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate) were dissolved in 800mL of distilled water. After complete dissolution, it was made up to 1000mL. Before use, add Brij-35 in an amount of 0.1% by mass and shake well;

[0165] Reagent TNB: 150g of C7H5NaO3 (sodium salicylate) was dissolved in 400mL of ultrapure water, 0.5mL of Brij-35 was added, and it was diluted to 500mL with reagent water and inverted and mixed 5 times. After filtration with filter paper, it was stored in a dark brown glass reagent bottle. This solution needs to be updated once a week and prepared one day in advance;

[0166] Reagent TNC: 0.2g of C3O3N3Cl2Na (sodium dichloroisocyanurate) was dissolved in 100mL of ultrapure water, and 0.1mL of needle cleaning solution or Brij-35 was added. Prepare it immediately before use;

[0167] Reagent TND: Dissolve 0.4 g of Na2Fe(CN)5NO·2H2O (sodium nitroferricyanide) in 40 mL of ultrapure water and make up the volume to 50 mL. Add 0.05 mL of Brij-35, invert and mix 5 times, transfer and store in a dark brown glass reagent bottle (update every two days).

[0168] (2) Preparation of total phosphorus standard samples and reagents

[0169] Preparation of 500 mgP / L stock standard sample: Accurately weigh 2.193 g of KH2PO4, make up the volume to 1000 mL with 1% H2SO4; Preparation of the standard sample series for on-machine determination: The standard sample series is prepared manually or automatically according to the actual analysis range. During the preparation of the standard samples, the diluent is 1% concentrated H2SO4;

[0170] TP needle wash solution: Dissolve 1 mL of SDS with a mass percentage of 15% in 2000 mL of ultrapure water and shake well;

[0171] Reagent TPA: Dissolve 1 mL of SDS with a mass percentage of 15% in 1000 mL of ultrapure water and shake well;

[0172] Reagent TPB2: Dissolve 6.4 mL of H2SO4 with a mass percentage of 98% in 70 mL of ultrapure water, add 0.6 g of (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ·4H2O (ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate), C8H with a mass percentage of 0.3% 18 K2O 15 5 mL of Sb2 (potassium antimonyl tartrate), dissolve, and make up the volume to 100 mL with TPA (this reagent is re-prepared every two days);

[0173] Reagent TPC: Dissolve 0.88 g of ascorbic acid in 50 mL of ultrapure water. Prepare it immediately before use.

[0174] (3) Preparation of the test solution

[0175] During the wheat flowering stage, wheat flag leaves were sampled using the five-point sampling method, with 20 leaves at each sampling point. Weighed 0.3 - 0.5 g (accurate to 0.0001 g) of the dried wheat flag leaf samples at the flowering stage and placed them at the bottom of a 100 mL digestion tube. Added 5 mL of 98% (by mass) H₂SO₄, shook well, and pre-digested overnight (to shorten the pre-digestion time, 1 mL of ultrapure water can be added before adding the H₂SO₄ aqueous solution); Digestion: First, heat gently on a digestion furnace. After the H₂SO₄ emits white smoke, increase the temperature. When the solution becomes uniformly dark brown, end the digestion. After cooling to room temperature, add 2 mL of 30% H₂O₂ and heat at 376 °C for 15 min, then take it out and cool for 15 min; Add another 2 mL of 30% (by volume) H₂O₂ and digest at 376 °C for 15 min, then take it out and cool for 15 min. Finally, add 1 mL of 30% (by volume) H₂O₂ and digest at 376 °C for 90 min; Volume fixing: After taking it down and cooling, dilute the digestion solution to 100 mL in a volumetric flask with double-distilled water; Dilute 5 times and use an automatic segmented flow analyzer Smart Chem200 (AMS, Italy) for determination.

[0176] The detection result graphs of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the wheat flag leaves of experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and control group 4-0 during the wheat flowering stage are shown in Table 6 and Figure 8 as follows.

[0177] Table 6 Contents of N and P elements in flag leaves during the wheat flowering stage (mean, standard deviation)

[0178] Treatment Total nitrogen in flag leaf (mg / g) Total phosphorus in flag leaf (mg / g) Control Group 4-0 14.00±2.43 0.99±0.25 Test Group 4-1 14.40±1.87 1.05±0.13 Test Group 4-2 17.88±2.98** 1.57±0.30** Test Group 4-3 16.78±3.10** 1.38±0.17**

[0179] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, and "**" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.01.

[0180] Through research, it was found that the chlorophyll content of wheat plants treated with TF-04 seeds increased significantly compared to that of the untreated wheat flag leaves. There are many factors affecting chlorophyll synthesis. Among them, nitrogen and magnesium in mineral elements, as the main components of chlorophyll, have a significant impact on chlorophyll. Therefore, we further measured the macronutrients N and P, which are closely related to chlorophyll synthesis, in the flag leaves during the flowering stage. The measurement results are shown in Figure 8 and Table 6. The total N and total P in the flag leaves of wheat plants in experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 were significantly higher than those in control group 4-0. The total N content in experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 increased by 27.7% and 19.9% respectively compared to control group 4-0; The total P content in experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 increased by 58.6% and 39.4% respectively compared to control group 4-0. This indicates that the increase in the total N and total P content in the flag leaves provides sufficient nutrient elements for the synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthetic products.

[0181] 4. Quantitative determination of wheat root activity

[0182] The determination of wheat root activity was carried out by the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) method. The specific steps refer to the method of Tian Binnian et al. (2022). The specific steps are as follows:

[0183] Preparation of TTC standard curve: Take 0.2 mL of 0.4% TTC solution (0.4 g TTC / 100 mL PBS) and put it into a test tube, add 9.8 mL of ethyl acetate, and then add a little Na2S2O4 powder and shake well. Immediately, red TTF will be produced. The concentration of TTF in this solution is 80 μg / mL.

[0184] Respectively take 0.25 mL, 0.50 mL, 1.00 mL, 1.50 mL and 2.00 mL of this solution and place them in 10 mL graduated test tubes. Make up the volume with ethyl acetate to obtain a series of standard solutions containing 20 μg, 40 μg, 80 μg, 120 μg and 160 μg of TTF. Using ethyl acetate as the reference, measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 485 nm and draw a standard curve. The drawn standard curve is as Figure 9 shown.

[0185] During the wheat flowering stage, take wheat roots by the five-point sampling method. At each sampling point, there are 5 clumps of wheat. Wash the soil on the root surface thoroughly. Weigh 0.5 g of wheat root tip samples at the flowering stage and put them into a small beaker. Add 5 mL of 0.4% TTC solution and 5 mL of phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0) respectively, so that the roots are fully immersed in the solution. Incubate for 1 - 2 h under dark conditions at 37 °C. Then immediately add 2 mL of 1M H2SO4 to stop the reaction. (Use the addition of 1M sulfuric acid before the reaction as a control); Take out the roots, blot the water with filter paper, put them into a mortar, add 3 - 4 mL of ethyl acetate, and grind thoroughly to extract TTF. Transfer the red extract into a graduated test tube, and wash the residue 2 - 3 times with a small amount of ethyl acetate and transfer them all into the graduated test tube. Finally, add ethyl acetate to make the total volume 10 mL. Use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 485 nm with the blank test as the reference, and calculate the reduction amount of TTC according to the absorbance value.

[0186] Detect the wheat root activity of experimental groups 4 - 1, 4 - 2, 4 - 3 and control group 4 - 0 at the flowering stage. The statistical results of wheat root activity of experimental groups 4 - 1, 4 - 2, 4 - 3 and control group 4 - 0 at the flowering stage of wheat are as Figure 10 and Table 7 show.

[0187] Through indoor greenhouse experiments and field trials, it was observed that the plant height, flag leaf length, spike length of the wheat plants treated with seeds, and the contents of N and P in the flag leaves were all increased to a certain extent. Since mineral elements such as N and P in plants are mainly absorbed through the wheat roots, it was further speculated that after the colonization of TF-04, the absorption of N and P elements might be further promoted through the enhancement of wheat root activity. Therefore, the root activity of wheat at the flowering stage in the field was measured in this invention.

[0188] Table 7 Wheat root activity (mean value, standard deviation)

[0189] Treatment <![CDATA[Root activity (mg·g -1 ·h -1 )]]> Control Group 4-0 33.45±1.45 Test Group 4-1 33.86±0.71 Test Group 4-2 48.9±0.25** Test Group 4-3 52.36±0.34**

[0190] Note: The asterisk represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, and "**" represents the significant difference at P≤0.01.

[0191] From Table 7 and Figure 10 It can be seen that the root activities of the wheat plants in the treatment groups of Experiment 4-2 and Experiment 4-3 were significantly higher than those in the control group 4-0. The root activities of Experiment 4-2 and Experiment 4-3 were increased by 46.19% and 56.52% respectively compared with the control group 4-0. From this result, it can be concluded that the enhancement of the root activity of the wheat plants by the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 can promote the absorption of water and mineral elements by the plants and thus promote the growth of wheat plants.

[0192] 5. Disease resistance of TF-04 strain to wheat leaf rust

[0193] Wheat leaf rust is a major disease with wide distribution, fast spread, and serious damage in wheat production in China. It spreads widely in large areas across the country at certain stages, generally causing a 20% - 30% reduction in yield, and in the most serious cases, almost no harvest, resulting in serious losses.

[0194] The investigation of wheat leaf rust at the filling stage was carried out on May 5, 2022. Five-point sampling method was adopted for investigation in each wheat field. 25 plants were investigated at each sampling point, and the flag leaf and the second leaf from the top of each plant were investigated. The occurrence of leaf rust in the treatment groups of Experiment 4-1, Experiment 4-2, and Experiment 4-3 and the control group 4-0 at the filling stage of wheat was observed and counted.

[0195] The grading standard of wheat leaf rust refers to the Specification for Investigation and Forecast of Wheat Leaf Rust (NY / T 617 - 2002). The disease conditions are divided into the following 8 levels: 0: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 1%; 1: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 5%; 2: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 10%; 3: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 20%; 4: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 40%; 5: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 60%; 6: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 80%; 7: The proportion of the lesion area to the leaf area is 100%.

[0196] Disease index = [∑(number of leaves at this disease level × disease level) ÷ (total number of leaves surveyed × 8)] × 100

[0197] The occurrence of wheat leaf rust is as Figures 11 - 14 shown, where Figure 11 is the occurrence of leaf rust in the control group 4-0; Figure 12 is the occurrence of leaf rust in the experimental group 4-1; Figure 13 is the occurrence of leaf rust in the experimental group 4-2; Figure 14 is the occurrence of leaf rust in the experimental group 4-3; The statistical results of wheat leaf rust are as Figure 15 and Table 8 show.

[0198] Table 8 Disease index and control effect of wheat leaf rust (mean, standard deviation)

[0199] Treatment Disease index Control efficacy Control Group 4-0 56.15±4.12 - Test Group 4-1 52.93±4.50* 5.73％ Test Group 4-2 29.89±2.57** 46.8％ Test Group 4-3 30.82±1.69** 45.1％

[0200] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, "**" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.01, and "*" represents the significant difference at P ≤ 0.05.

[0201] From Figures 11 - 14 it can be seen that the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 can significantly reduce the occurrence of wheat leaf rust. From Figure 15 and Table 8, it can be seen that the severity of leaf rust in the flag leaves of wheat in the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 is significantly lower than that of the control group of wheat and the experimental group 4-1 of wheat. The disease indices of leaf rust in the flag leaves of wheat in the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 decreased by 46.8% and 45.1% respectively compared with the control group. The above results show that the colonization and growth of strain TF-04 can enhance the disease resistance of wheat plants to leaf rust.

[0202] 6. Effects on the 1000-grain weight and yield of wheat

[0203] Based on the measurement results of the plant height, flag leaf length and width of wheat plants treated with the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus, it is concluded that the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus has a certain growth-promoting effect on wheat. Therefore, the growth status of the experimental group 4-3 and the control group 4-0 was observed during the mature period of wheat planted in the experimental field in 2021, and the 1000-grain weight and yield of wheat in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2 and 4-3 and the control group 4-0 during the mature period were statistically analyzed.

[0204] Among them, the growth status diagrams of the experimental group 4-3 and the control group 4-0 during the mature period of wheat are as Figure 16As shown, the figure corresponding to ck is the growth status diagram of wheat in the control group 4-0 at the mature stage of wheat; the figure corresponding to 20g is the growth status diagram of wheat in the experimental group 4-3 at the mature stage of wheat; the statistical results of the thousand-grain weight of wheat in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and the control group 4-0 at the mature stage of wheat are as Figure 17 shown; the statistical results of the yield of wheat in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and the control group 4-0 at the mature stage of wheat are as Figure 18 shown. The statistical results of the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat in the experimental groups 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3 and the control group 4-0 at the mature stage of wheat are shown in Table 9 for details.

[0205] Table 9 Thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat (mean, standard deviation)

[0206] Treatment 1000-grain weight (g) Yield (kg) Control Group 4-0 43.91±0.34 5.78±0.22 Test Group 4-1 45.68±0.62 5.49±0.29 Test Group 4-2 46.95±0.44** 6.14±0.53** Test Group 4-3 48.09±0.22** 6.28±0.04**

[0207] Note: * represents the significant difference between the treatment and the control, and "**" represents the significant difference at P≤0.01.

[0208] From Figure 16 it can be seen that the experimental group 4-3 grew better than the control group 4-0, and the lodging resistance ability was significantly improved. When lodging occurred in the control group 4-0, almost no lodging phenomenon occurred in the experimental group 4-3. From Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Table 9, it can be seen that the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat plants in the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 were significantly increased. Compared with the control group 4-0, the thousand-grain weight of the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 increased by 6.92% and 9.52% respectively; compared with the control group 4-0, the yields of the experimental groups 4-2 and 4-3 increased by 6.22% and 8.65% respectively. The bacterial fertilizer for promoting the growth, increasing the yield and / or resisting diseases of wheat including the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention can significantly increase the thousand-grain weight and yield of wheat.

[0209] In summary, when the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 provided by the present invention is applied as a bacterial fertilizer to the wheat planting system, it can improve the germination rate of wheat, promote the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants; increase the length and width of wheat leaves; increase the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of wheat leaves; increase the contents of N and P in wheat leaves; enhance the root activity of wheat; improve the resistance of wheat to leaf rust. Further, the bacterial fertilizer of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 can promote the increase of wheat yield and increase the thousand-grain weight of wheat.

[0210] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments without creative efforts based on these embodiments, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of the strain TF-04 of Talaromyces flavus Talaromyces flavus in wheat cultivation, wherein the application comprises one or both of the following (I) to (II): (I)Promoting wheat growth; the wheat growth promotion includes any one or more of the following (1) to (5): (1) promoting the dwarfing and sturdiness of wheat plants; (2) promoting the growth of wheat leaves; (3) enhancing wheat photosynthesis; (4) promoting the absorption of nutrient elements by wheat; (5) enhancing the root activity of wheat. (II)Improving the disease resistance of wheat; the wheat disease resistance includes the ability of wheat to resist leaf rust.

2. The application according to claim 1, wherein The application includes the conidial suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04; the preparation method of the conidial suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 includes the following steps: Culturing the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 in a medium, separating conidia, and obtaining a conidial suspension.

3. The application according to claim 2, wherein The medium includes PDA medium; the culture temperature is 24-30°C; the culture time is 7-10 days; the culture is carried out in the dark.

4. The application according to claim 2, characterized in that The concentration of conidia in the conidial suspension is 1×10 7 CFU / mL to 1×10 9 CFU / mL.

5. The application according to claim 1, wherein The application includes a bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth and / or disease resistance; the preparation method of the bacterial fertilizer includes the following steps: Carrying out solid fermentation culture on the conidial suspension of the Talaromyces flavus strain TF-04 to obtain a bacterial fertilizer for promoting wheat growth and / or disease resistance.

6. The application according to claim 5, characterized in that, The matrix for the solid fermentation culture includes a mixture of wheat bran and rice husk; the mass ratio of the wheat bran to the rice husk is (1-1.3):(1-0.7); the water content of the matrix is 60%-70%.

7. The application according to claim 6, wherein The solid fermentation culture includes dark culture and light culture; The temperature of the dark culture is 24-30°C; the time of the dark culture is 4-6 days; The temperature of the light culture is 24-30°C; the time of the light culture is 12-20 days; the light duration of the light culture is 10 h / d-14 h / d.

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