A method for improving seed germination rate of tulipa gesneriana

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving seed germination rate of Iris hollandica, and belongs to the technical field of plant seed germination. Full Iris hollandica seeds are selected, sterilized and treated with 30 DEG C warm water bath for 12-16 hours; the seeds are sowed on a bottom yellow sand substrate, and then a mixed substrate with a volume ratio of 1:1:1 of grass carbon, garden soil and sand is covered; in late November, the seeds are cultured in a common single-layer plastic greenhouse, the greenhouse is fully covered in winter, and when the highest temperature of three consecutive days in spring is higher than 20 DEG C, the plastic greenhouse film around the greenhouse is lifted. The method is convenient to operate, and compared with the method of directly sowing the Iris hollandica seeds in the yellow sand substrate and culturing in an artificial climate box to obtain a germination rate of 10.3% and directly sowing the seeds in the garden soil without germination, the method can significantly improve the seed germination rate of the Iris hollandica, and the seed germination rate is higher than 80%, and the Iris hollandica seedlings are uniform in size and neat in arrangement, which has important significance for promoting the breeding process of the Iris hollandica in China and promoting the development of the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant seed germination technology, specifically relating to a method for improving the germination rate of Dutch iris seeds. Background Technology

[0002] Dutch iris (Iris × hollandica) is a bulbous flower belonging to the genus Iris in the family Iridaceae. It is the most widely cultivated and used type of bulbous iris. Its natural flowering period is April, with a group flowering period of approximately 30 days. It can be used in various applications such as potted cut flowers, flower fields, flower borders, and understory plantings. Among commercially available bulbous flowers produced in the Netherlands, Dutch iris has one of the largest cultivation areas, and most of it is used for cut flower production. my country first introduced Dutch iris cultivation in the late 1990s, but research on its application and breeding is limited. Almost all Dutch iris cut flowers sold in the market rely on imports or imported bulbs for cultivation. With the continuous development of the social economy, the flower industry has become an important part of my country's national economy. As a high-end cut flower, the demand for Dutch iris in China has been increasing year by year. Compared with other imported bulbous flowers, Dutch iris bulbs exhibit less degradation, allowing for continuous cultivation for many years after a single import, eliminating the need to purchase bulbs annually. Therefore, it has broad market prospects. However, due to the fact that most of its varieties are female- or male-sterile, the breeding process of Dutch iris in China has been slow. Only a few new varieties have been obtained through radiation-induced mutation or natural variation. There have been no reports of obtaining hybrid or self-pollinated seeds, and therefore no research has been conducted to promote the germination of Dutch iris seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the germination rate of Dutch iris seeds.

[0004] It should be noted that, based on the extensive introduction and adaptive cultivation of superior foreign varieties, we have for the first time discovered that a new Dutch iris bulb-flowering variety, White van Vlit, possesses self-pollination characteristics and can produce a large number of seeds. Based on this, we treated the obtained Dutch iris seeds to explore a suitable method to promote their germination and growth. The application of this invention is of great significance for accelerating the breeding process of Dutch irises in my country, achieving self-reliance in seed technology, and promoting cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and healthy and sustainable development of the Dutch iris flower industry.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for improving the germination rate of Dutch iris seeds includes the following steps:

[0007] (1) Seed harvesting and processing: When the whole capsule of Dutch iris turns yellow and matures, it is harvested and brought back to the laboratory. It is placed in a nylon mesh bag and hung in a ventilated place to dry. After drying, the seed pods are carefully opened and the seeds are taken out. The plump seeds are selected, put into a fine nylon bag and hung in a dry place for later use.

[0008] (2) Seed treatment before sowing: Before sowing, Dutch iris seeds are soaked in carbendazim solution for disinfection. After disinfection, Dutch iris seeds are rinsed with clean water 2-3 times, and then placed on moist filter paper and cultured at room temperature for 2-3 days. After the Dutch iris seeds have absorbed water, they are treated with a warm water bath.

[0009] (3) Sowing: Select a tray with holes at the bottom, line it with a layer of plastic woven bag, and then fill it with yellow sand. Also prepare a mixed substrate of peat moss: garden soil: sand = 1:1:1 (V:V:V); spread the Dutch iris seeds on the yellow sand, then cover them with another layer of mixed substrate, place the tray in a plastic greenhouse for cultivation, and water and manage normally.

[0010] (4) Seedling transplanting: When the seedlings emerge from the soil and are more than 4cm tall, they can be transplanted. When the seedling roots grow into the plastic woven bag, they can be carefully removed with pointed tweezers. The transplanted seedlings are planted in plastic pots with a culture medium of peat moss: garden soil: sand = 1:1:1 (V:V:V). The transplanted Dutch iris seedlings are placed outdoors in a cool and ventilated place to grow.

[0011] Optionally, in step (2), the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution is 1 / 1000, and the treatment time is 30-40 min.

[0012] It should be noted that in step (2), the Dutch iris placed on the moistened filter paper is placed in a plastic petri dish, covered, and placed indoors. During the cultivation period, it is checked regularly to prevent the filter paper from drying out.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (2), the warm water bath treatment refers to placing the Dutch iris seeds on the moistened filter paper in a fine nylon mesh bag, and then completely immersing them in a temperature-controlled 30°C warm water for 12-16 hours. This can break the seed dormancy and improve the germination rate.

[0014] Optionally, in step (3), the thickness of the lower layer of yellow sand is 3-5 cm, and the thickness of the upper layer of mixed substrate is 2-3 cm. The use of the lower layer of yellow sand substrate can promote the growth of seedling roots. Because yellow sand has poor water retention, if yellow sand is also used in the upper layer, the number of watering management will increase. The upper layer of mixed substrate has a certain water retention, which simplifies management.

[0015] Furthermore, the sowing time in step (3) is late November, because Dutch irises prefer cool temperatures, and if sowing is done too early and the temperature is too high, it will inhibit the growth of seedlings.

[0016] Furthermore, the plastic greenhouse in step (3) refers to an ordinary single-layer plastic greenhouse, which is completely covered in winter and the plastic film around the greenhouse is lifted when the daily maximum temperature reaches above 20°C for three consecutive days in spring.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] Currently, there is no domestic research on the acquisition and germination of Dutch iris seeds. Therefore, compared to our existing Dutch iris seeds, which showed almost no germination when directly sown in the ground and those directly sown in yellow sand and placed in an artificial climate chamber (climate chamber conditions: 16h / d light duration, 23℃±1℃ during light, 18℃±1℃ during darkness, light intensity 20000-25000Lux), with a germination rate of approximately 10.3%, the Dutch iris of this invention has a germination rate >80%, and the germination is relatively uniform. Compared to other Iris seeds that require chemical treatment and relatively strict environmental control for germination, the method of this invention is simpler and more efficient. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 Photo of Dutch iris seeds germinating.

[0021] Figure 2 Photo of a single seedling of Dutch iris.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a photo of Dutch iris seedlings after transplanting. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The term "embodiment" used herein, as an example, is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other embodiments. Performance testing in the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, employs conventional testing methods in the art. It should be understood that the terminology used in this application is merely for describing particular implementations and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0025] Unless otherwise stated, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; other experimental methods and technical means not specifically mentioned herein refer to experimental methods and technical means commonly used by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0026] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "middle", "upper", "lower", "rise", "fall", "vertical", "surface", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0027] To better illustrate the content of this application, numerous specific details are provided in the following detailed embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that this application can be implemented even without certain specific details. In the embodiments, some methods, means, instruments, and devices well-known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the main points of this application.

[0028] Without conflict, the technical features disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be combined arbitrarily, and the resulting technical solution belongs to the content disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] It should be noted that the Dutch iris fruits in the following examples were collected from the Iris Resource Nursery of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Province, and the experimental equipment were all commercially available or commonly used in laboratories.

[0030] Example 1:

[0031] (1) Seed harvesting and treatment: When the capsules of Dutch iris White vanVlit turn yellow and mature after self-pollination, they are harvested and brought back to the laboratory. They are placed in nylon mesh bags and hung in a ventilated place to dry. After drying, the pods are carefully opened and the seeds are taken out. The plump seeds are selected, placed in fine nylon bags and hung in a dry place for later use.

[0032] (2) Seed treatment before sowing: Before sowing, soak Dutch iris seeds in a 1 / 1000 carbendazim solution for 30 minutes, then rinse off the carbendazim powder on the seed surface with clean water. Rinse 2-3 times. Place the cleaned Dutch iris seeds in a clean plastic petri dish lined with moist filter paper, cover the dish, and incubate at room temperature for 2 days. During this period, observe regularly to prevent the filter paper from drying out. After that, take out the Dutch iris seeds that have absorbed enough water and place them in a fine nylon mesh bag to prevent the seeds from leaking out. Then place the mesh bag in a 30℃ water bath to submerge the seeds and treat for 14 hours.

[0033] (3) Sowing: Select a tray with holes at the bottom, line it with a layer of plastic woven bag, and then fill it with 3cm of yellow sand. Next, spread the Dutch iris seeds treated in step (2) evenly on the yellow sand, and then cover it with a 2cm thick layer of a mixture of peat moss, garden soil, and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1 (V:V:V). After sowing, water thoroughly. Place the sowing tray in a regular single-layer plastic greenhouse. Sowing time is November 28th. The plastic greenhouse will be fully covered throughout the winter. Water when the surface soil of the tray dries, watering thoroughly each time. No special management is required at other times.

[0034] (4) Seedling transplanting: Dutch iris seeds will begin to germinate after February 15 of the following year. It is predicted that the daily maximum outdoor temperature will be >20℃ from March 5 to March 7, 2023. On March 5, the plastic film around the greenhouse will be opened for ventilation. When the seedlings are >4cm from the soil, they can be prepared for transplanting. Before transplanting, water can be sprayed appropriately to loosen the surface soil. When transplanting, carefully remove the seedlings. If the roots of the seedlings grow into the plastic woven bag, use pointed tweezers to carefully remove them. The removed seedlings are planted in plastic pots with a diameter of 9cm. The culture medium is peat moss: garden soil: sand = 1:1:1 (V:V:V). Three seedlings are planted in each pot. The transplanting time is March 10. After transplanting, the seedlings are placed in a well-ventilated and shady place for continued cultivation.

[0035] The germination rate of self-pollinated seeds from White van Vlit was calculated to be 83.2%, and the seedling survival rate was calculated to be 85.6% two weeks after transplanting.

[0036] Comparative Example 1:

[0037] This invention provides a comparative example of a method for germinating Dutch iris seeds. The specific process is similar to that of Example 1, except that: after the self-pollinated seeds of Dutch iris (White van Vlit) have absorbed sufficient moisture on moist filter paper, they are directly sown in yellow sand. The yellow sand is placed in a plastic basin with a woven bag at the bottom, with a bottom layer of yellow sand about 3 cm thick. Then, the water-soaked Dutch iris seeds are spread out on top, and then covered with about 2 cm of yellow sand. The basin is then placed in an artificial climate chamber for cultivation until seedlings emerge. The cultivation conditions in the chamber are: light duration 16 h / d, temperature during light exposure 23℃±1℃, temperature during darkness 18℃±1℃, and light intensity 20000-25000 Lux.

[0038] Calculations show that the germination rate of Dutch iris seeds in Comparative Example 1 of this invention is 10.3%.

[0039] Comparative Example 2:

[0040] The present invention provides a comparative example of a method for germinating Dutch iris seeds. The specific process is similar to that of Example 1, except that: after the self-pollinated Dutch iris White van Vlit seeds have absorbed enough water on moist filter paper, they are directly sown in outdoor garden soil, covered with soil to a thickness of about 3 cm, and then watered normally.

[0041] Calculations showed that the germination rate of Dutch iris seeds in Comparative Example 2 of this invention was 0%.

[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method of increasing seed germination rate of Iris hollandica, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) Seed collection and treatment: when the whole capsule of Iris hollandica White van Vlit turns yellow and matures, it is collected back to the laboratory, placed in a nylon mesh bag and hung in a well-ventilated place for drying. After drying, the seeds are carefully removed from the capsule, and the full seeds are selected and placed in a fine nylon bag and hung in a dry place for use; (2) Seed treatment before sowing: the Iris hollandica seeds of step (1) are sterilized with a carbendazim solution before sowing. The sterilized seeds are placed on moist filter paper, and then the water-saturated Iris hollandica seeds are treated with warm water bath; (3) Sowing: select a tray with holes at the bottom, pad with a layer of plastic woven bag, then fill with yellow sand, and then scatter the Iris hollandica seeds treated in step (2) on the yellow sand, and then cover with a mixture of grass charcoal, garden soil and sand in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1. After sowing, water thoroughly, and then place in a plastic greenhouse for cultivation; (4) Seedling transplanting: when the seedlings of step (3) emerge >4cm, transplanting is performed; the transplanted seedlings are planted in plastic pots, and the culture medium is a mixture of grass charcoal, garden soil and sand in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1. The transplanted Iris hollandica seedlings are grown in a cool and well-ventilated outdoor environment; In step (2), the warm water bath treatment is as follows: The Iris hollandica seeds on the moist filter paper are placed in a fine nylon mesh bag, and then completely immersed in a temperature-controlled 30℃ warm water for 12-16h; In step (3), the thickness of the lower layer of yellow sand is 3-5cm, and the thickness of the upper layer of mixed substrate is 2-3cm; In step (3), the plastic greenhouse is a common single-layer plastic greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions are full coverage of the greenhouse in winter, and when the maximum daily temperature is >20℃ for three consecutive days in spring, the plastic film around the greenhouse is lifted; The emergence rate of Iris hollandica White van Vlit is >80%; In step (2), the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution is one thousandth, and the treatment time is 30-40min.

2. The method for improving seed germination rate of Iris hollandica according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing time in step (3) is late November. The method comprises the following steps: (1) Seed collection and treatment: when the whole capsule of Iris hollandica White van Vlit turns yellow and matures, it is collected back to the laboratory, placed in a nylon mesh bag and hung in a well-ventilated place for drying. After drying, the seeds are carefully removed from the capsule, and the full seeds are selected and placed in a fine nylon bag and hung in a dry place for use; (2) Seed treatment before sowing: the Iris hollandica seeds of step (1) are sterilized with a carbendazim solution before sowing. The sterilized seeds are placed on moist filter paper, and then the water-saturated Iris hollandica seeds are treated with warm water bath; (3) Sowing: select a tray with holes at the bottom, pad with a layer of plastic woven bag, then fill with yellow sand, and then scatter the Iris hollandica seeds treated in step (2) on the yellow sand, and then cover with a mixture of grass charcoal, garden soil and sand in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1. After sowing, water thoroughly, and then place in a plastic greenhouse for cultivation; (4) Seedling transplanting: when the seedlings of step (3) emerge >4cm, transplanting is performed; the transplanted seedlings are planted in plastic pots, and the culture medium is a mixture of grass charcoal, garden soil and sand in a volume ratio of 1:1:

1. The transplanted Iris hollandica seedlings are grown in a cool and well-ventilated outdoor environment; In step (2), the warm water bath treatment is as follows: The Iris hollandica seeds on the moist filter paper are placed in a fine nylon mesh bag, and then completely immersed in a temperature-controlled 30℃ warm water for 12-16h; In step (3), the thickness of the lower layer of yellow sand is 3-5cm, and the thickness of the upper layer of mixed substrate is 2-3cm; In step (3), the plastic greenhouse is a common single-layer plastic greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions are full coverage of the greenhouse in winter, and when the maximum daily temperature is >20℃ for three consecutive days in spring, the plastic film around the greenhouse is lifted; The emergence rate of Iris hollandica White van Vlit is >80%; In step (2), the concentration of the carbendazim aqueous solution is one thousandth, and the treatment time is 30-40min. The sowing time in step (3) is late November.

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