54 results about "CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDE" patented technology

The application belongs to the technical field of biological medicine, and particularly relates to a biomimetic nano delivery system based on MRSA outer vesicle coating and application thereof. The application first couples chitosan oligosaccharide and monocarboxylated curcumin through an amide reaction to synthesize an amphiphilic polymer carrier, then loads vancomycin, daptomycin and other drugs through self-assembly to obtain a drug micelle, and finally coats the drug micelle with MRSA outer vesicle to successfully prepare a targeted biomimetic nano delivery system. The prepared biomimetic nano delivery system has excellent antibacterial effect, can realize targeted delivery and long-acting release of antibacterial drugs at an infection site, and is expected to overcome the bottleneck of drug resistance and insufficient drug penetration in traditional treatment, and provides a potential solution for the treatment of diseases such as periprosthetic infection.

The application discloses a low-irritation borage oil nano-liposome, a diaper-care preparation and application of the diaper-care preparation in diaper rash of infants and young children, and belongs to the field of infant skin-care preparations. The nano-liposome is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5-2.0% of biodecolorized borage oil, 1.0-3.0% of chitosan oligosaccharide-ceramide binary membrane material, 0.3-1.0% of prebiotic skin flora regulator, 0.8-1.5% of pH 5.5 weak acid buffer system, 0.05-0.2% of edible-grade microencapsulated menthol, and the balance of sterile water for injection. The application also provides a diaper-care preparation containing the low-irritation borage oil nano-liposome, which is suitable for daily prevention and acute-phase intervention of infants and young children aged 0-36 months, has the characteristics of high bioavailability, low irritation, rapid repair and easy carrying, and has important clinical application value.

This invention discloses a fermented feed for improving the natural antibacterial and antioxidant properties of duck eggs. The fermented feed is prepared through a two-stage fermentation process using a fermentation substrate comprising the following components in parts by weight: 35-60 parts corn, 15-30 parts soybean meal, 5-15 parts wheat bran, 4-10 parts rice bran, 5-9 parts extruded flaxseed, 2-6 parts grape seed meal, 1-4 parts moringa flavonoid powder, 0.5-2.5 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5-3 parts limestone powder, 0.1-0.5 parts salt, and 0.1-0.8 parts compound premix. The two-stage fermentation involves first inoculating with Bacillus for aerobic fermentation, followed by inoculation with lactic acid bacteria and the addition of chitosan oligosaccharides for anaerobic fermentation. This invention significantly increases the content of active proteins such as lysozyme and ovotransferrin in duck egg white, enhancing its antibacterial properties and antioxidant capacity, and providing an efficient and economical technical path for the development of highly active duck egg white raw materials.

The application provides a kind of injectable responsive hydrogel loaded with chitosan oligosaccharide-gallic acid octyl ester and its preparation method and application, and the preparation method comprises: chitosan oligosaccharide-gallic acid octyl ester conjugate is added into carboxymethyl chitosan solution to obtain a mixed solution;The mixed solution and the oxidized tannic acid solution are mixed to form an injectable responsive hydrogel.The three-dimensional hydrogel network formed by carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized tannic acid is constructed, chitosan oligosaccharide-gallic acid octyl ester is stably loaded in the gel system, can form a physical barrier in the local wound and provide sustained support, thereby significantly improving the retention capacity of antibacterial components in the wound site, prolonging its effective action time, reducing the need for repeated administration.Effectively solve the problem that antibacterial functional materials are difficult to stay in humid infected wounds for a long time and are easy to lose with exudate, can be applied and prepared into antibacterial drugs.

The present invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and discloses an organic water-soluble fertilizer taking wood vinegar liquid as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. The organic water-soluble fertilizer is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 - 45 parts of purified wood vinegar liquid, 15 - 20 parts of potassium humate, 8 - 12 parts of compound amino acids, 5 - 8 parts of chelated medium and trace elements, 2 - 3 parts of synergist, 0.5 - 1 part of pH regulator, and 11 - 34.5 parts of deionized water. The purified wood vinegar liquid is obtained by subjecting the crude wood vinegar liquid of a biomass boiler to pretreatment, gradient distillation, and adsorption and impurity removal, wherein the acetic acid content is ≥12%, the tar content is ≤0.1%, the pH value is 3.5 - 4.0, and the density is 1.12 - 1.15 g / cm3; the compound amino acids are compounded from glycine, glutamic acid, and proline according to a mass ratio of 2:1:1, and the total amino acid content is ≥95%. The present invention not only solves the toxicity problem of direct application of wood vinegar liquid but also increases the concentration of effective components. At the same time, a small amount of phenolic substances retained during the distillation process and the chitosan oligosaccharide in the synergist act synergistically, increasing the control effect of the fertilizer on soil-borne diseases to more than 85%.

This invention relates to a low-GI nutritionally regulated gel-type swallowing aid product and its preparation method. The gel-type swallowing aid product comprises a low-GI gel matrix, popping beads, and a complex additive. The low-GI gel matrix is ​​prepared from konjac flour, resistant starch, erythritol, oat fiber, a complex prebiotic, and water. The popping beads consist of an outer shell and a prebiotic filling encapsulated within the outer shell. The prebiotic filling comprises probiotic powder, chitosan oligosaccharide, chitin oligosaccharide, vitamin complex, trace elements, anthocyanins, and MCT oil. Compared with existing technologies, this invention, based on the use of low-GI ingredients and combined with popping beads containing a prebiotic filling, enhances the patient's chewing and swallowing ability, improves the product's nutritional value, and provides a novel nutritional functional gel option for swallowing aids for diabetic patients and those with swallowing difficulties.

The present application belongs to the cross field of acoustics, medicine and hydrogel materials, and discloses a single-side adhered solid ultrasonic coupling pad and application thereof. The single-side adhered solid ultrasonic coupling pad comprises a polyol moisturizing agent component, a phenolic adhesive component and a polyacrylic adhesive component, and is a homogeneous hydrogel sheet formed through covalent and non-covalent interactions. The content of the phenolic component is lower than that of the polyacrylic component. The phenolic component comprises polydopamine and tannic acid. The mass ratio of tannic acid to acrylic acid contained in the polyacrylic component is 1:15-3:15. Of the upper and lower surfaces of the homogeneous hydrogel sheet, only one surface is subjected to chitosan oligosaccharide solution immersion treatment and loses adhesion, and the other surface retains adhesion. The single-side adhered full-flexible solid coupling pad made of pure hydrogel in the present application can be used as a coupling medium for ultrasonic detection, the single-side adhered surface of the patch can be closely adhered to an ultrasonic probe, and the other surface can slide on the skin surface for imaging.

The application is a barley saline-alkali tolerant land cultivation method based on water-salt synergistic regulation and rhizosphere micro-ecological optimization, discloses a barley saline-alkali tolerant six-dimensional closed loop cultivation technical system for sustainable utilization of saline-alkali land, and specifically has the following contents: 1. hierarchical composite improvement: according to the soil conductivity and pH value, the mild saline-alkali area is improved by straw mulching and slow-release humic acid-calcium alginate granular fertilizer surface layer improvement; the moderate and severe saline-alkali area is improved by double-layer deep ploughing barrier breaking, deep application of gypsum combined with salt-removing functional bacteria biochar-based microbial inoculant, and salt-alkali obstacle is synergistically reduced. 2. whole-process adaptive regulation: the variety carrying HvNHX1 / HvSOS1 salt-tolerant molecular marker is selected, and the resistance is activated by the coating of fenhexamid-chitosan oligosaccharide-nano selenium; the double-mode irrigation of "drip irrigation + shallow buried infiltration irrigation" is matched, the salt threshold value is established to trigger leaching; the rhizosphere is strengthened by silicon-based amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and green prevention and control is integrated. The technology can increase yield by 32.5% to 48.7% in moderate saline-alkali land, can reduce salt and improve soil year by year, is suitable for large-scale production in main saline-alkali areas, and has significant application prospect.

The present disclosure belongs to the field for preparation of chitosan oligosaccharide, and particularly relates to a chitosan oligosaccharide sulfate and a preparation method thereof. The method is as follows: adding an equal volume of 1.0%-2.0% by mass of potassium sulfate solution into 2.0%-4.0% by mass of chitosan oligosaccharide hydrochloride solution and evenly mixing to obtain a mixed solution, allowing a molar ratio of amino to sulfate ions in the mixed solution to be 2:1, then adding absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide sulfate suspension, standing, filtering, collecting precipitates, washing, drying and smashing to finally obtain the chitosan oligosaccharide sulfate. This method cleverly utilizes a characteristic that the chitosan oligosaccharide sulfate is difficultly dissolved into 75% ethyl alcohol aqueous solution, while potassium chloride is slightly dissolved into 75% ethyl alcohol aqueous solution, the chitosan oligosaccharide sulfate is obtained using a precipitation method. Moreover, the preparation method used in the present disclosure is simple to operate, economic and environmental-friendly, does not need the use of highly corrosive sulfuric acid, and is friendly to operation staffs, environments and production equipment.

The present application relates to the technical field of feed additive, in particular to a kind of microbial oligosaccharide synergistic feed additive and preparation method thereof, by mass percentage, 0.5%-5% complex microorganism, 1%-10% complex oligosaccharide, 0.2%-0.8% nutrition enhancer and the rest are composed of composite carrier;The complex microorganism is composed of bacillus licheniformis and lactobacillus plantarum, and the mass ratio of the two is 2:1, 3:1 or 5:2;The complex oligosaccharide is at least composed of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide in a mass ratio of 1:1;The composite carrier is at least composed of soybean meal, bran and corn flour, and the mass ratio of the three is 10:8:0.5, 10:9:0.8 or 10:10:1;The complex oligosaccharide is at least composed of chitosan oligosaccharide and xylo-oligosaccharide in a mass ratio of 1:1.The microbial oligosaccharide synergistic feed additive and preparation method provided by the present application effectively solve the technical problems of poor synergistic effect, low stability and low utilization rate of existing microbial oligosaccharide feed additive, and the overall technical effect is remarkable.

This invention relates to a temperature-responsive injectable hydrogel, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of dual-network hydrogel construction and application technology. The hydrogel method includes: (1) reacting chitosan oligosaccharide with an allyl reagent to obtain allyl chitosan oligosaccharide; (2) crosslinking and copolymerizing allyl chitosan oligosaccharide with N-isopropylacrylamide under the action of a polymerization initiator to obtain a temperature-sensitive microgel; (3) loading genipin onto the temperature-sensitive microgel to obtain component A; (4) loading β-glycerophosphate onto the temperature-sensitive microgel to obtain component B; (5) mixing component A, component B, and chitosan solution to obtain a temperature-responsive injectable dual-network hydrogel for drug delivery. The temperature-responsive injectable hydrogel provided by this invention satisfies both injectability and strength stability requirements, and can be applied to, but is not limited to, long-term drug delivery via skin wounds or implantation, possessing high application value.

The application discloses a kind of complex small molecule coral food and its application in adjusting coral symbiotic microbial community structure.The raw materials of the complex small molecule coral food include: soybean meal small peptide protein, cod small peptide protein, haematococcus pluvialis powder, complex amino acid, squid meal, chitosan oligosaccharide and complex nucleotide.The complex small molecule coral food of the application takes soybean meal small peptide protein and cod small peptide protein as main component, haematococcus pluvialis as secondary component, and is supplemented with complex amino acid and squid meal, and is additionally added with chitosan oligosaccharide and complex nucleotide.The obtained complex small molecule coral food not only has good palatability, but also ensures the feeding amount of coral.It is verified by test that the complex small molecule coral food of the application can adjust the symbiotic microbial community structure of aquarium coral, improve the proportion of coral beneficial symbiotic bacteria, and further improve the environmental tolerance of coral.

This invention belongs to the field of formulated feed technology for marine fish, specifically relating to a feed for improving the muscle quality of *Hexagrammos oysterfish* and its preparation method. The feed for improving the muscle quality of *Hexagrammos oysterfish* is made from the following raw materials in the indicated weight percentages: 93.5%–96.5% basic ingredients, 1% compound vitamins, 1% compound mineral salts, and 1.5%–4.5% formulated feed composition, with the sum of the weight percentages of all raw materials being 100%. The formulated feed composition consists of yeast β-glucan, chitosan oligosaccharide, and coated sodium butyrate, with the mass ratio of yeast β-glucan, chitosan oligosaccharide, and coated sodium butyrate being 1–3:1–3:1–2. This invention not only effectively reduces fat deposition in the body of *Hexagrammos oysterfish*, improving its muscle elasticity and chewiness, but also significantly improves the textural properties of the fish meat, thereby enhancing the overall muscle quality of *Hexagrammos oysterfish* and meeting consumer preferences.

This invention belongs to the field of genetic engineering and relates to a fusion-type halophilic archaea chitinase, its preparation method, and its applications. Based on chitinase domains from different halophilic archaea, this invention uses overlap extension PCR technology to fuse a chitin-binding domain with strong substrate-binding ability with a catalytic domain with high catalytic activity, thereby constructing a fusion gene. chiB A fusion-type chitinase was obtained through expression and purification. This fusion-type chitinase possesses both catalytic activity and substrate-binding ability, exhibiting excellent degradation efficiency for natural chitin substrates, as well as good salt tolerance and resistance to metal ions, organic solvents, and surfactants. The prepared enzyme can not only be used for chitin degradation, but the degradation products can also be used to prepare chitosan oligosaccharides or N-acetylglucosamine, showing broad market application prospects.

The present application provides a kind of to improve the nutrition fertilizer of yam stress resistance and its preparation and use method, the nutrition fertilizer includes base fertilizer and conditioning agent, the base fertilizer includes jasmonic acid-chitosan oligosaccharide conjugate, amino mesoporous silica nanoparticles, basic nutrient component, auxiliary material, binder, the basic nutrient component includes slow-release nitrogen source, readily available nitrogen source, phosphorus source, potassium source, trace element;The conditioning agent includes modified attapulgite, gamma-polyglutamic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate.The nutrition fertilizer provided by the present application is not only comprehensive nutrition, and yam stress resistance can be effectively improved, and then the yield and quality of yam are improved.

The application discloses a preparation method of high-rebound shock-absorbing foamed material and foamed shoe material. The method comprises the following steps: preparing modified chitosan oligosaccharide, preparing composite titanium dioxide, preparing microcapsule particles, and preparing foamed material. In the preparation of the foamed material, a first mixture is formed by mixing a thermoplastic elastomer, a ternary ethylene-propylene rubber and the modified chitosan oligosaccharide, then microcapsule particles are added to form a second mixture, and then azodicarbonamide foaming agent is added, and the mixture is opened, granulated and molded to form the foamed material. The obtained foamed shoe material has good mechanical strength, compression recovery, rebound and dynamic damping comprehensive performance.

This invention relates to a chitosanase mutant BAC / MH and the application of its prepared chitosan oligosaccharide in abalone preservation, belonging to the field of genetic engineering. The amino acid sequence of the chitosanase mutant BAC / MH is shown in SEQ ID NO:1. Compared with the wild-type chitosanase Csn-BAC, cysteine ​​at position 77 is mutated to methionine and threonine at position 236 is mutated to histidine. The chitosanase mutant BAC / MH of this invention can catalyze the production of chitosan oligosaccharide from chitosan, with a catalytic activity 6.13 times that of the wild-type chitosanase Csn-BAC. Furthermore, the chitosan oligosaccharide can improve the quality of abalone during cold storage preservation.

This invention discloses a composition containing oil, comprising 100 parts by weight of a core material, wherein the core material contains 20-50 parts by weight of oil, preferably 25-35 parts by weight; the surface of the core material is coated with chitosan powder or chitosan oligosaccharide powder, and the total amount of chitosan powder or chitosan oligosaccharide powder added per 100 parts by weight of the core material is 1-10 parts by weight; preferably, the surface of the core material is sprayed with water, and the amount of water per 100 parts by weight of the core material is 0-12 parts by weight. This invention, by coating the surface of the core material with chitosan or chitosan oligosaccharide powder, enables the core material to retain its shape well after baking with baked goods, resulting in good handling during filling, high adhesion between the core material and the outer shell after baking, and a soft, non-drying core material with good gloss.

This invention provides a selenium-enriched nutrient solution for soybean cultivation and its preparation method, belonging to the technical field of selenium-enriched nutrient solutions. The invention uses sodium selenite as the selenium source and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent to prepare a nano-selenium suspension. Casein is used to coat the nano-selenium, and glutathione and ascorbic acid are combined to enhance the coating stability. The surface is then modified with a sodium alginate-chitosan oligosaccharide composite modification solution, followed by purification and ultrasonic dispersion to obtain the target nutrient solution. The product obtained by this invention has uniform particle size, high zeta potential, can be stably stored at room temperature for 6 months, has strong resistance to hard water, and is not prone to flocculation and precipitation. When used in soybean cultivation, the selenium utilization rate reaches 72.3%, the soil selenium residue rate is only 8.6%, and the selenium content of soybean seeds is significantly increased. This effectively solves the problems of poor stability, low absorption efficiency, and high soil residue of existing nano-selenium fertilizers, and is suitable for the preparation of selenium-enriched products for soybeans and other plants.

The application discloses a biodegradable apple packaging plastic bag and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of plastic bag preparation.The plastic bag comprises the following component raw materials: polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, a toughening agent, modified corn starch, modified biochar, an anti-fog agent, epsilon-polylysine and a composite additive.In the application, the modified corn starch is a modified material with the functions of degradation acceleration, antibacterial enhancement and mechanical reinforcement, and can form a carbon source available for microorganisms in the film after being added, so that the degradation process of the polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride, polyhexanedioic acid and terephthalic acid butylene butylene matrix is promoted, and the degradation period in the natural environment is shortened.The chitosan oligosaccharide component can play a high-efficiency antibacterial role and cooperatively improve the antibacterial and fresh-keeping effect of the packaging together with other antibacterial components.The nano-cellulose can construct a molecular support network and make up for the problem of the decrease of the mechanical properties of the film possibly caused by the addition of the starch.

This invention belongs to the field of agricultural biotechnology and fertilizer preparation technology, and more specifically relates to a compound fertilizer for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in rice and its preparation method. The compound fertilizer for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in rice provided by this invention has a four-layer gradient structure, consisting of a core, a middle layer, an isolation transition layer, and an outer layer from the inside out. The core includes urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium silicate, and chitosan oligosaccharides; the middle layer is a drug-loaded biochar slow-release layer; the isolation transition layer is formed by cross-linking sodium alginate and phytic acid; and the outer layer is a microbial protective layer. Through the core-shell-membrane multi-layer gradient structure design, physical isolation and sequential release of each component are achieved. The isolation transition layer effectively blocks direct contact between chemical fungicides and beneficial microorganisms, solving the problem of fungicide-microorganism interaction; at the same time, this structure ensures the orderly release of nutrients, fungicides, and microorganisms, matching the growth and disease occurrence patterns of rice.

The application discloses a kind of excrement sewage treatment method, belong to deodorization technical field, including the following steps: after excrement is dehydrated, filtrate is obtained, adjust the pH value of filtrate and maintain at ≤7, add chitosan oligosaccharide nonionic surfactant, then add composite microbial deodorant, after stirring uniformly, when ammonia gas concentration and hydrogen sulfide concentration in gas system are stable, obtain pretreated wastewater, add nonionic polyacrylamide to pretreated wastewater, and carry out flocculation precipitation;The composite microbial deodorant is attapulgite load microbial agent.Added composite microbial deodorant is attapulgite load microbial agent.The attapulgite load microbial agent can adsorb organic matter in filtrate to enrich organic matter, carrier adsorbs pollutants (amines, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, etc.) to form high concentration micro area, accelerates microbial degradation kinetics, and improves the efficiency of microbial agent in treating filtrate.

The application belongs to the technical field of nano inorganic materials, and relates to a universal preparation method of two-dimensional mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon composite materials. A positively charged chitosan oligosaccharide and a negatively charged SiO2 nanosphere dispersion liquid are uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed liquid, then an aqueous solution of two-dimensional nanosheets is added under stirring, and after room temperature stirring, freeze-drying, high-temperature treatment in an inert atmosphere and template removal, the two-dimensional mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon composite material is obtained. The preparation method provided by the application is simple, convenient to operate, has few steps and low cost; the method is universal, different two-dimensional mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon composite materials can be obtained by replacing different two-dimensional substrates. Moreover, the method has good controllability and repeatability, and can realize accurate control of mesoporous pore size and nanosheet thickness; the prepared material also has good electrochemical performance.

This invention relates to a biostimulant-based fruit-enlarging fertilizer containing calcium and magnesium nutrients and its preparation method. The fertilizer is a partitioned, water-dispersible composite particle, comprising a porous mineral core and a biostimulant inner loading layer disposed on the inner wall of its pores. A calcium-magnesium double complexing layer, a carboxylate buffer layer, and a phosphorus-potassium outer dispersion layer are sequentially disposed on the outer side of the porous mineral core. The biostimulant inner loading layer includes seaweed oligosaccharides, fish protein oligopeptides, and a potassium humate-chitosan oligosaccharide complex. The calcium-magnesium double complexing layer includes an inner amino acid calcium-magnesium complexing sublayer and an outer hydroxycarboxylic acid calcium-magnesium complexing sublayer. This fruit-enlarging fertilizer is suitable for nutrient supplementation during the fruit enlargement period.

The present application belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a modified attapulgite for adsorbing mycotoxins and a preparation method and application thereof. The modified attapulgite is made of attapulgite and a modifier composition, and the weight ratio of the attapulgite to the modifier composition is 100:10-17. The modifier composition is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: zeolite 25-35 parts, shrub willow powder 5-15 parts, methionine 5-10 parts, lysine 5-10 parts, yeast cell wall 10-20 parts, chitosan oligosaccharide 3-8 parts, betaine 5-15 parts, potassium sorbate 3-8 parts, and monoglyceride fatty acid ester 5-15 parts. The modified attapulgite has multiple beneficial effects such as high-efficiency and broad-spectrum adsorption of mycotoxins, improvement of animal growth performance, regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and the like, and has significant application value and popularization prospect in the field of feed additives.

This invention discloses a bio-organic fertilizer, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of bio-organic fertilizer technology. The invention separates dead silkworms and / or silkworm moths into two parts. The first part undergoes preservation, sterilization, and modification treatments, causing partial hydrolysis of proteins into small peptides and free amino acids, and degradation of chitin into chitosan oligosaccharides, yielding modified silkworm body material. The second part undergoes carbonization treatment to obtain silkworm biochar. The modified silkworm body material, silkworm biochar, and silkworm excrement are compounded in a weight ratio of (10-40):(10-40):(50-80), inoculated with a compound microbial agent, and subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. This invention achieves the synergistic utilization of dead silkworms, silkworm moths, and silkworm excrement for the first time, overcoming the technical prejudice that dead silkworms "can only be discarded." The product has a total nitrogen content of 5%-7%, possessing both a readily available nitrogen source and the plant immune-inducing function of chitosan oligosaccharides, realizing the complete closed-loop utilization of silkworm breeding waste. This invention can be widely applied to the planting of mulberry trees, rice, rapeseed, corn, wheat, sugarcane, beans, and other cash crops.

This invention belongs to the field of food additives and discloses a stable pigment preparation and its preparation method. The pigment preparation includes the following raw materials: natural pigment, composite carrier, composite biological antioxidant, stabilizer, dispersant, maltodextrin, trehalose, fructooligosaccharide, and plasticizer. The composite carrier is a ternary covalent complex prepared by amidation reaction of pectin, chitosan oligosaccharide, and ferulic acid. The stabilizer is hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin grafted with L-arginine after activation. This invention solves the problem of single function of pigment preparations through the synergistic effect of composite carrier, stabilizer, and composite biological antioxidant, and also achieves the integrated effect of protection, dispersion, and controlled release, improving the stability, dispersibility, controlled release, and safety of the preparation, and effectively expanding the application scope of natural pigments in food, medicine, and other fields.