A culture medium for tremella fuciformis in a bag or bottle

Abstract

The application discloses a culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation of tremella fuciformis, and relates to the technical field of tremella cultivation. The technical key points are as follows: the culture medium comprises the following components in a mass ratio: 25-35% of cottonseed hulls, 40-50% of sawdust, 10-20% of lotus seed hulls, 8-15% of bran, 1-1.5% of lime, and 0.8-1.2% of active auxiliary materials. The active auxiliary materials are prepared from the following components in a mass ratio: 5-10 parts of potassium humate, 10-15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts of bran, 30-40 parts of soybean meal, 8-15 parts of corn flour, and 20-30 parts of corn protein powder. The culture medium for cultivating tremella fuciformis has the advantages of both pure cottonseed hulls and pure sawdust, and the cultivated tremella fuciformis has the advantages of high yield and rich nutrition. In addition, the culture medium solves the problem of gradual reduction of extracellular enzyme activity in the cultivation of tremella fuciformis by using sawdust.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Tremella cultivation technology, specifically to a Tremella culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] Tremella lafuciformis, or white fungus, is a popular tonic in my country. Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have long believed it possesses numerous health benefits, including nourishing the kidneys and lungs, relieving coughs, harmonizing the stomach and intestines, replenishing qi and blood, invigorating the brain and spirit, strengthening the body and muscles, beautifying the skin, and prolonging life. Tremella is a highly valuable edible fungus and a renowned medicinal fungus in Chinese medicine. It is widely distributed globally, primarily produced in China, Japan, Cuba, the United States, and Brazil. In my country, major production areas include Fujian, Sichuan, Hubei, Guizhou, and Shaanxi provinces, with "Tongjiang Tremella" from Sichuan and "Gutian Tremella" from Fujian being the most famous. Gutian County in Fujian ranks first in the country for Tremella cultivated using bag cultivation, while Tongjiang County in Sichuan ranks first in the country for Tremella cultivated on logs.

[0003] Artificial cultivation of Tremella fuciformis (white fungus) in my country began in 1894 (the 20th year of the Guangxu Emperor's reign), more than 100 years ago. In the past, Tremella production was semi-wild, relying on felled trees and natural spore inoculation. In 1941, Yang Xinmei isolated pure Tremella fuciformis strains by basidiospore ejection from the fruiting bodies, achieving the first pure Tremella fuciformis strain both domestically and internationally. Through long-term cultivation practice, a fungus that grows alongside Tremella fuciformis, called "fragrant ash fungus," was discovered, and its yield was correlated with Tremella fuciformis production. In 1959, Chen Meipeng first isolated a mixed strain of Tremella fuciformis and fragrant ash fungus. In 1962, the Fujian Sanming Fungal Research Institute isolated spring strains of Tremella fuciformis and fragrant ash fungus. In 1968, the Fujian Sanming Fungal Research Institute successfully cultivated Tremella fuciformis on linden logs. In 1971, Tremella fuciformis strains were officially supplied, mainly for linden log cultivation. In 1977, Yao Shuxian in Gutian County, Fujian Province, successfully cultivated Tremella fuciformis in sawdust bottles, significantly increasing the yield and ushering in the commercial production stage of Tremella fuciformis. In 1977-1978, the horizontal cultivation method using sawdust bags by Dai Weihao in Gutian County, Fujian Province, was successfully implemented and quickly adopted by mushroom farmers. In 1983, Gutian successfully introduced cottonseed hull cultivation for tremella, increasing yield by 40%-60%. From then on, cottonseed hulls replaced sawdust as the main cultivation material for tremella, and tremella production embarked on an industrialized path. Tremella cultivated on sawdust and tremella cultivated on cottonseed hulls each have their advantages. Sawdust-cultivated tremella has a smaller stem, higher edible rate, better ear opening, crisp texture, and higher nutritional value, but the yield is relatively low. Cottonseed hull-cultivated tremella has a more glutinous texture, larger stem, and higher yield, but its taste and nutritional value are inferior to sawdust-cultivated tremella. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above problems and provide a culture medium for tremella cultivation in bags and bottles, which can combine the advantages of cottonseed hull cultivation and sawdust cultivation to cultivate tremella with high edibility, high nutritional value, good taste and high yield, increase the yield of tremella and the content of crude polysaccharides and minerals, and reduce the content of heavy metals.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this invention is as follows: A culture medium for *Tremella fuciformis* (silver ear fungus) used in bag and bottle cultivation comprises the following components, by mass ratio: 25-35 parts cottonseed hulls, 40-50 parts sawdust, 10-20 parts lotus seed shells, 8-15 parts wheat bran, 1-1.5 parts lime, and 0.8-1.2 parts active ingredients. By adding a certain proportion of cottonseed hulls, lotus seed shells, and sawdust, during the cultivation of *Tremella fuciformis*, the cottonseed hulls and lotus seed shells are easily degraded and absorbed by *Tremella fuciformis* mycelia and *Cinnamomum camphora* mycelia. During the nutrient stage, the mycelia are robust, with good air permeability, and contain abundant protein, fiber, and minerals, meeting the nitrogen requirements of both the nutrient and reproductive stages. Because *Tremella fuciformis* is a wood-rotting fungus, it has high requirements for lignin; sawdust ensures the nutritional value of *Tremella fuciformis*. Lime facilitates the adjustment of the pH of the culture medium, and the active ingredients can increase the quantity and activity of extracellular enzymes, thereby increasing the yield and quality of the wood-rotting fungus, and thus improving the yield and quality of *Tremella fuciformis*.

[0006] Preferably, the tremella culture medium is prepared by the following method:

[0007] Step 1 involves preliminary processing of cottonseed hulls, lotus seed hulls, and sawdust to produce suitable specifications. This process ensures the quality of the raw materials, which is crucial for the subsequent preparation of the substrate and the final product.

[0008] Step 2: Thoroughly mix cottonseed hulls, lotus seed hulls, and sawdust. Then add lime and active additives and mix again. Add water to prepare the tremella cultivation substrate. Components with smaller size differences should be thoroughly mixed first. Then, the finer lime and active additives should be added and mixed thoroughly again to ensure a more uniform mixture and a more balanced nutritional profile for the subsequent culture medium.

[0009] More preferably, in step 1, the lotus seed shells and sawdust are processed into powder smaller than 0.8 cm in size and sun-dried until the moisture content is 12%-17%; in step 2, water is added until the moisture content of the tremella culture medium is 55%-60%. Appropriate size and moisture content of the culture medium raw materials are more suitable for mycelial growth and nutrient conversion. Raw materials that are too large may tear the bag and are not conducive to mycelial decomposition.

[0010] Preferably, the active excipient is made from the following components, in parts by weight: 5-10 parts potassium humate, 10-15 parts dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10 parts magnesium sulfate, 8-15 parts wheat bran, 30-40 parts soybean meal, 8-15 parts corn flour, and 20-30 parts corn gluten meal. Potassium humate's main component is humic acid, which promotes the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes in wood-rotting fungi. Phosphorus and potassium in dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are key inorganic salts for edible fungi, participating in the regulation of both vegetative and reproductive growth. Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate is alkaline and plays a role in pH regulation within this component. Magnesium and sulfur in magnesium sulfate are also components of inorganic salts in edible fungi. Magnesium promotes extracellular enzymes, while sulfur participates in amino acid synthesis. Wheat bran is rich in crude protein and carbohydrates, promoting the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes. Soybean meal is rich in crude protein, and its amino acid structure is similar to that of wood-rotting fungi. Its hydrolytic enzymes have a particularly prominent effect on lignin-degrading enzymes—laccase. Corn flour is rich in crude protein and carbohydrates, and corn gluten meal is also rich in crude protein. Both corn flour and corn gluten meal significantly enhance the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes, especially extracellular ligninase, cellulase, and hemicellulase.

[0011] Preferably, the active excipient is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step 1, Preparation of soybean meal hydrolysate: Add soybean meal and water to a reaction vessel, adjust the pH to alkaline, then add plant hydrolytic protease. After the reaction, obtain soybean meal hydrolysate, filter and set aside. Plant hydrolytic protease decomposes the crude protein in soybean meal under alkaline conditions, which is beneficial to the subsequent increase in the activity of lignin decomposition enzymes and the increase in yield.

[0013] More preferably, in step 1, the mass ratio of soybean meal to water is 1:8.5-9.5, and the pH is adjusted to 7.5-9.5 by sodium hydroxide. The amount of plant hydrolytic protease added is 2%-2.5% of the weight of soybean meal. The plant hydrolytic protease has high activity and optimal hydrolysis efficiency under the condition of pH 7.5-9.5. The amount of plant hydrolytic protease added should be appropriate. Too much will result in high cost, while too little may lead to insufficient fermentation and hydrolysis.

[0014] More preferably, in step 1, the reaction temperature is 50℃-60℃ and the reaction time is 10-16h. The plant hydrolytic protease, combined with the appropriate temperature and reaction time, can further and fully catalyze the hydrolysis of proteins in soybean meal.

[0015] Step 2, Preparation of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate: Wheat bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal were added to a reaction vessel in proportion, water was added to the reaction vessel, the pH was adjusted to acidic, and then acidic protease was added. After the reaction, wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate were obtained, filtered and set aside. The acidic protease reacted with wheat bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal under acidic conditions. Since wheat bran and corn flour are rich in carbohydrate organic matter, and corn gluten meal is rich in crude protein, the hydrolysate produced after hydrolysis can significantly improve the yield and activity of extracellular enzymes.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2, the amount of water added is 8 times the total mass of bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal; the pH is adjusted to 3.5-5.5 using dilute sulfuric acid; the amount of acidic protease added is 1%-1.5% of the total weight of bran, corn, and corn gluten meal. The addition of bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal basically balances the content of carbohydrate organic matter and crude protein. On the one hand, this improves the yield and activity of various extracellular enzymes, thereby ensuring the yield and quality of the final product. On the other hand, acidic protease can only exert its excellent hydrolytic performance at a suitable pH. The appropriate amount of acidic protease added can ensure the hydrolysis rate while avoiding waste.

[0017] More preferably, in step 2, the reaction temperature is 45℃-55℃ and the reaction time is 10h. Under suitable temperature and reaction time, acidic protease can further and more fully decompose the carbohydrate organic matter and crude protein in bran, corn flour and corn gluten meal.

[0018] Step 3: Add soybean meal hydrolysate, wheat bran, corn gluten powder, and corn flour hydrolysate to the reaction vessel and mix. Then add potassium humate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. After the reaction, a reaction solution is obtained, which is rich in polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and various active factors.

[0019] More preferably, in step 3, the volume ratio of soybean meal hydrolysate to wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate is 2-2.5:3-3.5, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.5, the reaction temperature is 45℃-55℃, and the reaction time is 30-40 min.

[0020] Step 4: Concentrate and dry the reaction solution obtained in Step 3 to obtain the active excipient.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: 1. By adding specific proportions of cottonseed hulls, sawdust, lotus seed shells, wheat bran, lime, and active additives, and comprehensively adjusting the proportions of each component, the culture medium provided by this solution has a 14% higher polysaccharide content and a 15%-25% higher mineral content than that cultivated with pure cottonseed hulls; the content of heavy metal lead is reduced by more than 20%, and the yield is increased by 14%. In terms of quality, taste, appearance, and nutritional value, it is significantly superior to that of pure cottonseed hulls. 2. The active additives, through synergy with soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, corn gluten meal, as well as potassium humate, magnesium sulfate, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, significantly enhance the activity of wood-rotting fungi and increase the conversion rate of lignin and macromolecular cellulose in the sawdust. Consequently, the sawdust content in this solution is higher than that in traditional tremella substrates, thus improving the nutritional value of the tremella product. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of this invention can be combined with each other. The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0024] Examples 1-3 illustrate the preparation methods of the active excipients in this scheme.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The preparation method of active excipients includes the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Preparation of soybean meal hydrolysate. Raw material selection: Select fresh, mold-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide, and plant hydrolysate (activity 200,000 U / ml, main component is papain). Preparation: Crush 30 parts of soybean meal into 1cm particles. Add soybean meal and water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to a reaction vessel. Adjust the pH value to 8 with sodium hydroxide, then add 2% (by weight) of the plant hydrolysate. Control the temperature of the reaction vessel at 55℃ and react for 13 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate. Filter and set aside.

[0028] Step 2: Preparation of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate. Raw materials selected include fresh, mold-free wheat bran, corn, corn gluten meal, dilute sulfuric acid, and acidic protease (activity 200,000 U / ml). Preparation: Wheat bran and corn are crushed into 1cm particles. Ten parts of the crushed wheat bran, ten parts of corn flour, and twenty parts of corn gluten meal are added to a reaction vessel, along with water. The total mass ratio of the three components to water is 1:8. The pH is adjusted to 4.5 with dilute sulfuric acid. Then, 1% (by weight of the total weight of the wheat bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal) of acidic protease is added. The reaction vessel temperature is controlled at 50℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours. The resulting hydrolysate of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour is filtered and set aside.

[0029] Step 3: Take 2 parts by volume of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts by volume of wheat bran, corn gluten powder, and corn flour hydrolysate, and add them to the reaction vessel. Then add 6 parts of potassium humate, 15 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 9 parts of magnesium sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. Control the pH value at 6.5 and react at 50°C for 35 minutes to obtain the reaction solution.

[0030] Step four: The reaction solution obtained in step three is concentrated and dried using a triple-effect evaporator, a drying tower, and a cyclone separator to obtain the active excipient.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The preparation method of active excipients includes the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Preparation of soybean meal hydrolysate. Raw material selection: Select fresh, mold-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide, and plant hydrolysate (activity 200,000 U / ml, main component is papain). Preparation: Crush 34 portions of soybean meal into 0.05 cm particles. Add soybean meal and water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to the reaction vessel. Adjust the pH value to 7.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add 2.5% (by weight) of the plant hydrolysate from the soybean meal. Control the temperature of the reaction vessel at 50℃ and react for 10 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate. Filter and set aside.

[0034] Step 2: Preparation of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate. Raw materials selected include fresh, mold-free wheat bran, corn, corn gluten meal, dilute sulfuric acid, and acidic protease (activity 200,000 U / ml). Preparation: Wheat bran and corn are crushed into 1cm particles. Eight parts of the crushed wheat bran, eight parts of corn flour, and 30 parts of corn gluten meal are added to a reaction vessel. Water is added simultaneously, with the total mass ratio of the three components to water being 1:8. The pH is adjusted to 5.5 with dilute sulfuric acid. Then, 1.5% of the total weight of the wheat bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal, along with acidic protease, is added. The reaction vessel temperature is controlled at 55℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours. The resulting hydrolysate of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour is filtered and set aside.

[0035] Step 3: Take 2 parts of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts of wheat bran, corn gluten powder, and corn flour hydrolysate and add them to the reaction vessel. Then add 5 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 5 parts of magnesium sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. Control the pH value at 6.5 and react at 55°C for 40 minutes to obtain the reaction solution.

[0036] Step four: The reaction solution obtained in step three is concentrated and dried using a triple-effect evaporator, a drying tower, and a cyclone separator to obtain the active excipient.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The preparation method of active excipients includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Preparation of soybean meal hydrolysate. Raw material selection: Select fresh, mold-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide, and plant hydrolysate (activity 200,000 U / ml, main component is papain). Preparation: Crush 40 parts of soybean meal into 0.5cm particles. Add soybean meal and water at a mass ratio of 1:9 to the reaction vessel. Adjust the pH value to 9.5 with sodium hydroxide. Then add 2.5% (by weight) of the plant hydrolysate from the soybean meal. Control the temperature of the reaction vessel at 60℃ and react for 16 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate. Filter and set aside.

[0040] Step 2: Preparation of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour hydrolysate. Raw materials selected include fresh, mold-free wheat bran, corn, corn gluten meal, dilute sulfuric acid, and acidic protease (activity 200,000 U / ml). Preparation: Wheat bran and corn are crushed into 0.5 cm particles. Then, 15 parts wheat bran, 8 parts corn flour, and 25 parts corn gluten meal are added to a reaction vessel. Water is added simultaneously, with the total mass ratio of the three components to water being 1:8. The pH is adjusted to 3.5 with dilute sulfuric acid. Then, 1.5% of the total weight of the wheat bran, corn flour, and corn gluten meal, along with acidic protease, is added. The reaction vessel temperature is controlled at 45℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours. The resulting hydrolysate of wheat bran, corn gluten meal, and corn flour is filtered and set aside.

[0041] Step 3: Take 2 parts of soybean meal hydrolysate and 3 parts of wheat bran, corn gluten powder, and corn flour hydrolysate and add them to the reaction vessel. Then add 10 parts of potassium humate, 10 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 12 parts of magnesium sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. Control the pH value between 5.5 and react at 45°C for 30 minutes to obtain the reaction solution.

[0042] Step four: The reaction solution obtained in step three is concentrated and dried using a triple-effect evaporator, a drying tower, and a cyclone separator to obtain the active excipient.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] The preparation method of active excipients includes the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Preparation of soybean meal hydrolysate. Raw material selection: fresh, mold-free soybean meal, sodium hydroxide, and plant hydrolysate (activity 200,000 U / ml, main components papain and protease). Preparation: Crush 60 parts of soybean meal into 1cm particles and add them to a reaction vessel with water at a mass ratio of 1:9. Adjust the pH to 8 with dilute sulfuric acid, then add 2% (by weight) of the plant hydrolysate from the soybean meal. Control the temperature of the reaction vessel at 55℃ and react for 12 hours to obtain soybean meal hydrolysate. Filter out the unhydrolyzed portion and keep the filtrate for later use.

[0046] Step 2: Add 1 volume of soybean meal hydrolysate to the reaction vessel, then add 13 parts of potassium humate, 17 parts of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and 10 parts of magnesium sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. Control the pH value at 7 and react at 50°C for 35 minutes to obtain the reaction solution.

[0047] Step 3: The reaction solution obtained in Step 2 is concentrated and dried using a triple-effect evaporator, a drying tower, and a cyclone separator to obtain the active excipient.

[0048] Experimental Examples 1-3: Methods for cultivating Tremella using the Tremella culture medium provided in this scheme

[0049] Experimental Example 1

[0050] The method for cultivating Tremella using Tremella culture medium includes the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: Pour 560 catties of cottonseed hulls, 250 catties of lotus seed hulls, 650 catties of sawdust and 160 catties of wheat bran into a horizontal ribbon mixer and mix evenly. Then add 16 catties of lime and 16 catties of active additives and mix evenly. Add 1800 catties of water until the substrate moisture content reaches 55% and continue to mix thoroughly to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

[0052] Step 2: Fill the prepared tremella culture medium into the culture bag, punch holes according to the mushroom sticks, and then stick special adhesive tape to the punched holes of the mushroom sticks.

[0053] Step 3, sterilization. Since the outer membrane of the bagged mushroom sticks is made of polypropylene, a professional automatic sterilization cabinet at 110℃ is used for sterilization. After the cold air is vented, the temperature reaches 110℃ and is then kept warm for 10 hours to achieve the sterilization effect.

[0054] Step 4: Cooling. After sterilization, the spawn is placed in a pre-cooling chamber and a forced cooling chamber for cooling. The refrigeration unit cools the air to lower the center temperature of the spawn to about 20°C. First, the spawn is placed in the pre-cooling chamber and the refrigeration unit is turned on. After 15 hours of cooling, the temperature in the pre-cooling chamber drops to about 35°C. Then, the spawn is placed in the forced cooling chamber and the refrigeration unit is turned on. After 10 hours of cooling, the temperature in the forced cooling chamber drops to about 20°C. When the center temperature of the spawn drops to 25°C, it is ready for inoculation.

[0055] Step 5: After cooling, the mushroom logs are sent to the buffer room for disinfection. After disinfection, the mushroom logs are sent to the sterile room for inoculation according to the aseptic operation procedure.

[0056] Step Six: Mycelial Cultivation. The inoculated spawn is placed in a dedicated cultivation room. The cultivation conditions for each stage are as follows: Days 1-3: Mycelial germination period. Temperature in the cultivation room is controlled at 23-25℃, and humidity at 55%-70% RH. Days 4-8: Humidity is controlled at 55-70% RH, and carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 2500-3200 ppm. Days 9-13: Humidity is controlled at 55-70% RH, and carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 2500-3200 ppm. Temperature controlled at 22-25℃; 13-14 days, transfer the spawn into the fruiting room; 15-18 days, mycelium begins to cover the spawn bags, humidity controlled at 55-70% RH, carbon dioxide concentration controlled at 2500-3200 ppm, temperature controlled at 22-25℃; 19-21 days, cut and widen the film, humidity controlled at 55-70% RH, carbon dioxide concentration controlled at 2500-3200 ppm, temperature controlled at 22-25℃; 22-25 days, basal body... During the first 20 days, humidity should be controlled at 90-95% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200 ppm, and temperature at 22-25℃. From 26-30 days, ear teeth differentiate and ear plates begin to grow. During this period, humidity should be controlled at 90-95% RH, carbon dioxide concentration at 2500-3200 ppm, and temperature at 20-24℃. Ventilate 2-3 times daily for 60-80 minutes each time. From 31-39 days, the ear plates rapidly expand and grow. During this period, humidity should be controlled at 90-95% RH. 5% RH, CO2 concentration controlled at 2500-3200ppm, temperature controlled at 22-25℃, ventilate 3-4 times a day, 20-30 minutes each time; 40-43 days, the critical period for nutrient conversion of the substrate, stop watering to ensure complete nutrient conversion of the substrate, humidity controlled at 70-80% RH, CO2 concentration controlled at 2500-3200ppm, temperature controlled at 22-23℃, ventilate 2-3 times a day, 30 minutes each time; 44-45 days, harvest.

[0057] Determination: The active excipients prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were applied to Experiment 1, and the nutritional components of the cultivated Tremella were determined as shown in Table 1. The standard and method for determining crude polysaccharides were NY / T 1676-2008; the methods for detecting heavy metals were GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, and GB 5009.12-2014, and the detection standard was GB 2762-2017; the methods and standards for detecting minerals were GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

[0058] Table 1. Nutritional content of Tremella fuciformis obtained from Experiment Example 1

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Experimental Example 2

[0062] Experiment 2 is basically the same as steps two through six in Experiment 1, except that the proportions of each group in step one are different, as follows: In step one, 413 catties of cottonseed hulls, 165 catties of lotus seed hulls, 826 catties of sawdust and 215 catties of bran are poured into a horizontal ribbon mixer and mixed evenly. Then, 16 catties of lime and 16 catties of active additives are added in sequence and mixed evenly. Then, 1800 catties of water is added until the substrate moisture content reaches 55% and then it is mixed evenly to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

[0063] Determination: The active excipients prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were applied in Experiment 2, and the nutritional components of the cultivated Tremella were determined as shown in Table 2. The standard and method for the determination of crude polysaccharides were NY / T 1676-2008; the methods for the detection of heavy metals were GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, and GB 5009.12-2014, and the detection standard was GB 2762-2017; the methods and standards for the detection of minerals were GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

[0064] Table 2. Nutritional content of Tremella fuciformis obtained from Experiment Example 2

[0065]

[0066] Experimental Example 3

[0067] Experiment 3 is basically the same as steps two to six in Experiment 1, except that the proportions of each group in step one are different, as follows: In step one, 446 catties of cottonseed hulls, 330 catties of lotus seed hulls, 694 catties of sawdust and 132 catties of bran are poured into a horizontal ribbon mixer and mixed evenly. Then, 25 catties of lime and 16 catties of active additives are added and mixed evenly. Then, 1800 catties of water is added until the substrate moisture content reaches 55%, and then it is mixed evenly to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

[0068] Determination: The active excipients prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were applied in Experiment 3, and the nutritional components of the cultivated Tremella were determined as shown in Table 3. The standard and method for the determination of crude polysaccharides were NY / T 1676-2008; the methods for the detection of heavy metals were GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, and GB 5009.12-2014, and the detection standard was GB 2762-2017; the methods and standards for the detection of minerals were GB 5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

[0069] Table 3. Nutritional content of Tremella fuciformis obtained from Experiment Example 3

[0070]

[0071] control group

[0072] The control group was basically the same as steps two through six in Experiment 1, except that the proportions of each group were different in step one, as follows: In step one, 1476 catties of cottonseed hulls and 160 catties of wheat bran were poured into a horizontal ribbon mixer and mixed evenly. Then, 16 catties of lime was added and mixed evenly. Then, 1800 catties of water was added until the substrate moisture content reached 55%, and the mixture was continued to be thoroughly mixed to prepare the tremella culture substrate.

[0073] Determination: The nutritional components and their contents in the cultivated white fungus of the control group are shown in Table 4. The standard and method for the determination of crude polysaccharides are NY / T 1676-2008; the methods for the detection of heavy metals are GB 5009.15-2014, GB 5009.17-2014, GB 5009.11-2014, and GB 5009.12-2014, and the detection standard is GB 2762-2017; the methods and standards for the detection of minerals are GB5009.268-2016 and GB 5009.87-2016.

[0074] Table 4. Nutritional content of Tremella fuciformis obtained from the control group.

[0075]

[0076] In summary, as shown in Tables 1-3, adding the active excipients obtained in Examples 1-3 to the Tremella fuciformis culture medium resulted in higher contents of crude polysaccharides and minerals in the cultivated Tremella fuciformis compared to the Tremella fuciformis obtained by adding the active excipients of Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, the Tremella fuciformis yield increased by 14%, the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide content increased by 11%, and the mineral content increased by 11%-16% with the addition of the active excipients from this scheme. This demonstrates that the combination of the components of the active excipients provided in this scheme has a significant beneficial effect on improving the quality of Tremella fuciformis cultivated in the Tremella fuciformis culture medium.

[0077] Comparing Tables 1 and 4, it can be seen that when no sawdust or active additives are added to the Tremella culture medium, and Tremella is cultivated solely with cottonseed hulls, the nutritional value of the Tremella product obtained in the control group is relatively low. In contrast, the Tremella product obtained in the experimental case has a 14% higher crude polysaccharide content, a 15%-25% higher mineral content, and a more than 20% lower lead content compared to Tremella cultivated solely with cottonseed hulls, while the yield is increased by 14%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Tremella substrate ratio provided by this scheme further improves the nutritional value and yield of Tremella products.

[0078] The above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A culture medium for Tremella fuciformis in a bag or a bottle, characterized by comprising: The components of the tremella culture medium are, in parts by mass: cottonseed hulls 25-35 parts, sawdust 40-50 parts, lotus seed hulls 10-20 parts, bran 8-15 parts, lime 1-1.5 parts, and active auxiliary material 0.8-1.2 parts; ​ The active auxiliary material is made from the following components, in parts by mass: potassium humate 5-10 parts, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 10-15 parts, magnesium sulfate 5-10 parts, bran 8-15 parts, soybean meal 30-40 parts, corn flour 8-15 parts, and corn protein powder 20-30 parts; The active auxiliary material is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: Step 1, soybean meal hydrolysate preparation: soybean meal and water are added to a reaction kettle, the pH is adjusted to alkaline, then plant hydrolyzed proteinase is added, and after reaction, a soybean meal hydrolysate is obtained, which is filtered for use; Step 2, bran, corn protein powder, and corn flour hydrolysate preparation: bran, corn flour, and corn protein powder are added to a reaction kettle in proportion, water is added to the reaction kettle, the pH is adjusted to acidic, acidic protease is added, and after reaction, a bran, corn protein powder, and corn flour hydrolysate is obtained, which is filtered for use; Step 3, the soybean meal hydrolysate and the bran, corn protein powder, and corn flour hydrolysate are added to a reaction kettle and mixed, then potassium humate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and magnesium sulfate are added and stirred until completely dissolved, and after reaction, a reaction liquid is obtained; Step 4, the reaction liquid obtained in Step 3 is concentrated and dried to obtain the active auxiliary material; In Step 1, the mass ratio of the soybean meal to water is 1:8.5-9.5, and the pH is adjusted to 7.5-9.5 by sodium hydroxide, and the plant hydrolyzed proteinase is added in an amount of 2%-2.5% of the weight of the soybean meal; In Step 1, the reaction temperature is 50-60°C, and the reaction time is 10-16h; In Step 2, the amount of water added is 8 times the total mass of the bran, corn flour, and corn protein powder; the pH is adjusted to 3.5-5.5 by dilute sulfuric acid; and the acidic protease is added in an amount of 1%-1.5% of the total weight of the bran, corn, and corn protein powder; In Step 2, the reaction temperature is 45-55°C, and the reaction time is 9-11h; In Step 3, the volume ratio of the soybean meal hydrolysate to the bran, corn protein powder, and corn flour hydrolysate is 2-2.5:3-3.5, the pH is adjusted to 5.5-7.5, the reaction temperature is 45-55°C, and the reaction time is 30-40min.

2. The culture medium for Tremella fuciformis in bags or bottles according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is a medium for the cultivation of Tremella fuciformis in bags or bottles. The tremella culture medium is prepared by the following method: Step 1, the cottonseed hulls, lotus seed hulls, and sawdust are preliminarily treated; Step 2, the cottonseed hulls, lotus seed hulls, sawdust, and bran are thoroughly mixed, then lime and active auxiliary material are added and mixed, and water is added to prepare the tremella culture medium.

3. The Tremella fuciformis culture medium for bag cultivation and bottle cultivation as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In Step 1, the lotus seed hulls and sawdust are treated into powder less than 0.8cm, and are dried until the water content is 12%-17%; in Step 2, water is added until the water content of the tremella culture medium is 55%-60%.

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