Preparation method of high-damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of high-damping aluminum matrix composite material with piezoelectric energy consumption. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) performing glue removal and oxidation treatment on the surface of carbon fibers; (2) preparing the treated carbon fibers into porous carbon fiber preforms; (3) laying and growing ZnO nanorod seeds on the surface of the carbon fibers of the preforms; (4) growing ZnO nanorods on the surface of the carbon fibers with the seeds; and (5) infiltrating aluminum alloy into the carbon fiber preforms with the grown ZnO nanorod structures. The prepared ZnO nanorod structure can form a firm combination with the aluminum matrix, and when the composite material is deformed by vibration, the piezoelectric effect is generated, the vibration mechanical energy can be converted into electric energy and consumed, so as to improve the damping vibration absorption performance of the composite material; the ZnO nanorod structure can also form a pinning effect at the interface of the composite material, so as to enhance the interface combination of the composite material and improve the load bearing capacity of the composite material.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method of an aluminum matrix composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation and high damping. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of aerospace technology, higher requirements are put forward for the performance of launch vehicles, aircraft and other aircraft. Therefore, the aircraft needs to have more excellent performance to resist the influence of the external environment. The aircraft will inevitably produce vibration, noise and other interference during flight. These vibrations and noises have a serious impact on the stable operation of the structure and internal precision electronic instruments of the aircraft, which reduces the accuracy and reliability of the aircraft control system on the one hand, and greatly reduces the fatigue life and service time of the aircraft structural parts on the other hand. Therefore, in the process of aircraft design and manufacturing, the use of high-strength and high-damping materials can effectively reduce the adverse consequences of vibration and noise and improve the safety and reliability of the aircraft.

[0003] Metal matrix composite materials are developed under the driving of continuous technological development and cannot meet special requirements. People add reinforcing ceramic particles, whiskers or fibers to traditional metal materials to play the respective advantages of the reinforcing body and the metal, improve the characteristics of the metal, and endow the traditional metal materials with excellent comprehensive performance. The flexibility and designability of metal matrix composite materials are obviously better than those of traditional metal materials. Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, as a kind of metal matrix composite material, combines the excellent performance of carbon fiber reinforcing body and aluminum matrix, but its damping performance is poor. Therefore, how to improve the damping performance of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is of great significance to the safety and reliability of the aircraft.

[0004] At present, the main method to improve the damping performance of composite materials is to add viscoelastic rubber materials to the materials. The mechanical properties of the rubber materials are poor, and the interface bonding between the materials is weak, which will reduce the strength and stiffness of the composite materials. At the same time, the glass transition temperature of the viscoelastic rubber material is generally low, and the heat resistance is poor, so it is difficult to add it to the aluminum matrix composite material. Subsequently, carbon fiber composite materials with damping performance appeared, for example, the document with the application number “202010788580.0” discloses “a chopped fiber carbon fiber composite material and a preparation method thereof”, which includes impregnation treatment of carbon fiber, high-pressure heat treatment, and finally carbonization and graphitization. The technical problem is that the composite material prepared by the carbonization and graphitization process releases gas, which will form pore defects in the matrix and reduce its strength, and the vibration absorption performance is low, resulting in unsatisfactory damping performance. Therefore, it is difficult to be applied as a structural load-bearing material. Therefore, a new energy dissipation mechanism needs to be found to improve the damping performance of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a preparation method of high-damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption to solve the problem of low vibration absorption performance and unsatisfactory damping performance in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present application, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a preparation method of high-damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) The surface of the carbon fiber is treated by degumming and oxidation: the carbon fiber is soaked in an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 13.5 mol / L for 20-28 h, washed with clean water, then put into a nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 6-10 mol / L for oxidation treatment for 10-15 h, and then taken out, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0008] (2) The carbon fiber embryo is made into a porous one: the dry carbon fiber is cut into short fibers, and then the short fibers are added into an isopropyl alcohol solution and dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation for 15-30 min, and then filtered to obtain a porous carbon fiber embryo, which is dried for standby.

[0009] (3) The carbon fiber embryo is arranged: first, zinc acetate dihydrate is added into an anhydrous ethanol solution, and the concentration of the zinc acetate is 12 g / L-18 g / L; the solution is fully dissolved by mechanical stirring at 100-300 r / min for 120-240 min to prepare a seed solution, and then the carbon fiber embryo is placed in the seed solution, a negative pressure of 0.06 MPa-0.1 MPa is extracted in a vacuum bottle, and the carbon fiber embryo is taken out after being immersed for 15-20 min and placed in a vacuum furnace for pyrolysis at 350-450 ℃ for 25-30 min; after heating, the carbon fiber embryo is taken out, and the process of immersion and pyrolysis is repeated several times to obtain the arranged carbon fiber embryo.

[0010] (4) The nanorod-shaped ZnO is grown on the surface of the arranged carbon fiber embryo: first, a growth solution is prepared by adding hexamethylenetetramine and zinc nitrate into an aqueous solution and fully stirring to dissolve them, and the concentration of the hexamethylenetetramine is 6-10 g / L and the concentration of the zinc nitrate is 10-15 g / L; then the arranged carbon fiber embryo is placed in the growth solution, taken out after water bath, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0011] (5) The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared: the porous carbon fiber embryo with nanorod-shaped structure ZnO is placed in a graphite crucible, and an aluminum block is placed above the embryo, and the volume ratio of the embryo to the aluminum block is 1:1; the crucible is placed in a vacuum heating furnace and heated at 900-1100 ℃ for 10-30 min, and the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is prepared after the furnace cavity is cooled.

[0012] Further, the volume ratio of the carbon fiber in the acetone solution and the nitric acid solution in the above step (1) is 2:5.

[0013] Further, the length of the carbon fiber in the above step (2) is 2-6mm.

[0014] Further, the number of times of repeating the pyrolysis process in the above step (3) is 2-6 times.

[0015] Further, the water bath temperature in the water bath kettle in the above step (4) is 50-90℃, and the heating time is 3-8h.

[0016] Further, the washing in the above step (4) is rinsing clean.

[0017] Further, the aluminum block used in the above step (5) is an aluminum-magnesium alloy or an aluminum-silicon alloy.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are embodied in:

[0019] 1. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared by the present application combines the excellent properties of carbon fiber and the interface layer ZnO. The density is 2.46g / cm 3 ; the tensile strength is 196MPa; the elastic modulus is 154GPa; and the average damping value at 25-300℃ is 26.4x10 -3， The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite has low density, high strength and high stiffness, and also has excellent damping and vibration absorption performance.

[0020] 2. The preparation method of the present application is to grow the nano-rod structure ZnO on the surface of the carbon fiber, thereby preparing the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite. ZnO is a semiconductor material, and its crystal structure is hexagonal wurtzite structure in the natural state, and the c-axis direction shows the asymmetric characteristics, which makes ZnO have unique piezoelectric properties. The nano-rod ZnO grown by the specific process of the present application can form a firm combination with the aluminum matrix, and when the composite material is deformed by vibration, the piezoelectric effect is generated, which can convert the vibration mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electrical energy will be converted into Joule heat in the composite material and consumed, thereby realizing the conversion of mechanical energy-electrical energy-thermal energy, and consuming the vibration energy to improve the energy absorption and vibration reduction effect. Meanwhile, in the preparation process of the present application, zinc acetate dihydrate is used for seed distribution, and then hexamethylene tetramine and zinc nitrate are used to grow the nano-rod structure of ZnO. This structure can form a pinning effect at the interface of the composite material, thereby improving the interfacial bonding strength of the composite material, effectively transmitting the load to the carbon fiber reinforcement, increasing the load bearing capacity of the carbon fiber, and thereby improving the strength and stiffness and other mechanical properties of the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1A scanning electron microscope image of the carbon fiber surface nanorod structure ZnO obtained in the example;

[0022] Figure 2 A macro photograph of the high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy consumption obtained in the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The application will be further described in conjunction with specific examples, but the scope of protection of the application is not limited thereto.

[0024] Example 1, the application provides a preparation method of a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy consumption, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1, the carbon fiber surface is treated by degumming and oxidation: first, the carbon fiber is immersed in an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 13.5 mol / L for 24 h to remove the colloid on the surface of the carbon fiber, then the carbon fiber is washed clean with water, and then is placed in a nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 8 mol / L for oxidation treatment for 12 h to increase the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the carbon fiber, wherein the volume ratio of the carbon fiber in the acetone solution and the nitric acid solution is 2:5, and finally the carbon fiber is taken out, washed clean with water and dried for standby use.

[0026] Step 2, preparation of porous carbon fiber embryo: first, the carbon fiber treated in step 1 is cut into short fibers with a length of 4 mm, and then the short fibers are added to an isopropyl alcohol solution, and the volume ratio of the carbon fiber to the isopropyl alcohol is 1:50, and the carbon fiber is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation for 20 min, and finally the dispersed carbon fiber is poured into a suction filtration device, and the excess isopropyl alcohol solution is suction filtered to obtain a porous carbon fiber embryo, and the embryo is dried for standby use.

[0027] Step 3, growing seed of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of the carbon fiber of the embryo: first, zinc acetate dihydrate is added to anhydrous ethanol solution, wherein the concentration of zinc acetate is 16 g / L; the seed solution is prepared by fully dissolving it through 200 rpm mechanical stirring for 200 min, then the porous carbon fiber embryo is placed in the seed solution, and the embryo is fully immersed in the solution by extracting negative pressure of 0.08 MPa in a vacuum bottle, the embryo is taken out after being immersed for 18 min, and finally the embryo is placed in a vacuum furnace and heated at 400℃ for 28 min, and then the embryo is taken out after heating, and the immersion and pyrolysis are repeated for 4 times.

[0028] Step 4, hydrothermal growth of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of carbon fibers seeded in step 3: first, hexamethylenetetramine and zinc nitrate are added to an aqueous solution and stirred to dissolve, to prepare a growth solution, wherein the concentration of hexamethylenetetramine is 8 g / L; the concentration of zinc nitrate is 13 g / L; then the carbon fiber embryo seeded is placed in the growth solution, and heated in a water bath at 70°C for 6h in a water bath, so that the nanorod structure ZnO is grown by reaction, and finally the embryo is taken out after the reaction is completed, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0029] Step 5, preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite: the porous carbon fiber embryo with nanorod structure ZnO grown in step 4 is placed in a graphite crucible, and an aluminum-silicon 10 alloy is placed above the embryo, wherein the volume ratio of the embryo to the aluminum block is 1:1, the crucible is placed in a vacuum heating furnace, heated at 1000°C for 20 min, and the aluminum liquid is fully infiltrated into the embryo, and then the prepared carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is taken out after the furnace cavity is cooled.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] Step 1, degumming and oxidation treatment on the surface of carbon fiber: first, the carbon fiber is immersed in an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 13.5 mol / L for 24h to remove the colloid on the surface of the carbon fiber, then the carbon fiber is washed with clean water, and then placed in a nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 8 mol / L for oxidation treatment for 15h to increase the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the carbon fiber, wherein the volume ratio of the carbon fiber in the acetone solution and the nitric acid solution is 2:5, and finally the carbon fiber is taken out, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0032] Step 2, preparation of porous carbon fiber embryo: first, the carbon fiber treated in step 1 is cut into short fibers with a length of 2mm, then the short fibers are added to an isopropyl alcohol solution, the volume ratio of carbon fiber to isopropyl alcohol is 1:50, and the carbon fiber is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation for 15 min, finally the dispersed carbon fiber is poured into a suction filtration device, and the excess isopropyl alcohol solution is suction filtered to obtain a porous carbon fiber embryo, and the embryo is dried for standby.

[0033] Step 3, seeding of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of carbon fiber in the embryo: first, zinc acetate dihydrate is added to anhydrous ethanol solution, wherein the concentration of zinc acetate is 12 g / L; it is fully dissolved by mechanical stirring at 100 rpm for 120 min to prepare a seed solution, then the porous carbon fiber embryo is placed in the seed solution, and the embryo is fully immersed in the solution by extracting negative pressure of 0.1 MPa in a vacuum bottle, the embryo is taken out after 20 min of immersion, and finally it is placed in a vacuum furnace and heated at 450°C for 25 min, then the embryo is taken out after heating, and the immersion and pyrolysis are repeated for 6 times.

[0034] Step 4, hydrothermal growth of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of carbon fibers seeded in step 3: first, hexamethylenetetramine and zinc nitrate are added to an aqueous solution and stirred to dissolve, to prepare a growth solution, wherein the concentration of hexamethylenetetramine is 6 g / L; the concentration of zinc nitrate is 10 g / L; then the carbon fiber embryo seeded is placed in the growth solution, and heated in a water bath at 50°C for 8h in a water bath kettle, so that the nanorod structure ZnO is grown by reaction, and finally the embryo is taken out after the reaction is completed, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0035] Step 5, preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite: the porous carbon fiber embryo with nanorod structure ZnO grown in step 4 is placed in a graphite crucible, and an aluminum-silicon 10 alloy is placed above the embryo, wherein the volume ratio of the embryo to the aluminum block is 1:1, the crucible is placed in a vacuum heating furnace, heated at 900°C for 30 min, and the aluminum liquid is fully infiltrated into the embryo, and then the prepared carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is taken out after the furnace cavity is cooled.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] Step 1, degumming and oxidation treatment on the surface of carbon fiber: first, the carbon fiber is immersed in an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 13.5 mol / L for 20h to remove the colloid on the surface of the carbon fiber, then the carbon fiber is washed with clean water, and then placed in a nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 8 mol / L for oxidation treatment for 10h to increase the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the carbon fiber, wherein the volume ratio of the carbon fiber in the acetone solution and the nitric acid solution is 2:5, and finally the carbon fiber is taken out, washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0038] Step 2, preparation of porous carbon fiber embryo: first, the carbon fiber treated in step 1 is cut into short fibers 6mm long, then the short fibers are added to an isopropyl alcohol solution, the volume ratio of carbon fiber to isopropyl alcohol is 1:50, and the carbon fiber is uniformly dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation for 30 min, finally the dispersed carbon fiber is poured into a suction filtration device, and the excess isopropyl alcohol solution is suction filtered to obtain a porous carbon fiber embryo, and the embryo is dried for standby.

[0039] Step 3, seeding of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of carbon fiber in the embryo: first, zinc acetate dihydrate is added to anhydrous ethanol solution, wherein the concentration of zinc acetate is 18 g / L; it is fully dissolved by mechanical stirring at 300 rpm for 240 min to prepare a seed solution, then the porous carbon fiber embryo is placed in the seed solution, and the embryo is fully immersed in the solution by extracting negative pressure of 0.06 MPa in a vacuum bottle, the embryo is taken out after 15 min of immersion, and finally it is placed in a vacuum furnace and heated at 350°C for 30 min, and the embryo is taken out after heating, and the immersion and pyrolysis are repeated twice.

[0040] Step 4: hydrothermal growth of nanorod structure ZnO on the surface of carbon fibers seeded in step 3: first, hexamethylenetetramine and zinc nitrate are added to an aqueous solution and stirred to dissolve, to prepare a growth solution, wherein the concentration of hexamethylenetetramine is 10 g / L; the concentration of zinc nitrate is 15 g / L; then the carbon fiber embryo seeded is placed in the growth solution, and heated in a water bath at 90℃ for 3h in a water bath, to grow nanorod structure ZnO, and finally the embryo is taken out after the reaction is completed, and washed with clean water and dried for standby.

[0041] Step 5: preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite: the porous carbon fiber embryo with nanorod structure ZnO grown in step 4 is placed in a graphite crucible, and an aluminum-silicon 10 alloy is placed above the embryo, wherein the volume ratio of the embryo to the aluminum block is 1:1, the crucible is placed in a vacuum heating furnace, heated at 1100℃ for 10min, so that the aluminum liquid is fully infiltrated into the embryo, and then the prepared carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is taken out after the furnace cavity is cooled.

[0042] The above embodiment 1 is the best embodiment. Referring to Figure 1 , a uniform nanorod structure ZnO is grown on the surface of the carbon fiber obtained in embodiment 1.

[0043] Referring to Figure 2 , the high-damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption obtained in embodiment 1 has a dense composite structure.

[0044] The composite material obtained in embodiment 1 is tested, and the data obtained is that the density of the composite material is 2.46 g / cm 3 ; the tensile strength is 196 MPa; the elastic modulus is 154 GPa; the average value of 25-300℃ damping is 26.4×10 -3

[0045] In summary, the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material of the present application has excellent damping performance, and at the same time, its mechanical properties are not significantly reduced, which improves the safety and reliability of the use of aluminum matrix composite material.

[0046] The above describes the present application in combination with the embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification within the knowledge range of those skilled in the art without departing from the purpose of the present application can still belong to the range of the technical scheme of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of making a high damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) removing glue and oxidizing the surface of the carbon fiber: the carbon fiber is soaked in an acetone solution with a mass concentration of 13.5 mol / L for 20-28 h, washed with clean water, then placed in a nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 6-10 mol / L for oxidation treatment for 10-15 h, taken out, washed with clean water, and dried for standby; (2) preparing a porous carbon fiber embryo: the dried carbon fiber is cut into short fibers, the short fibers are added into an isopropyl alcohol solution, dispersed by ultrasonic oscillation for 15-30 min, filtered to obtain a porous carbon fiber embryo, and the carbon fiber embryo is dried for standby; (3) carbon fiber embryo distribution: first, zinc acetate dihydrate is added into an anhydrous ethanol solution, the concentration of the zinc acetate is 12 g / L-18 g / L, the solution is fully dissolved by mechanical stirring at 100-300 r / min for 120-240 min to prepare a seed solution, then the carbon fiber embryo is placed in the seed solution, a negative pressure of 0.06 MPa-0.1 MPa is drawn in a vacuum bottle, the carbon fiber embryo is taken out after being immersed for 15-20 min, placed in a vacuum furnace, pyrolyzed at 350-450 ℃ for 25-30 min, and the carbon fiber embryo is taken out after heating, the process of immersion and pyrolysis is repeated for several times to obtain the carbon fiber embryo with distribution; (4) growing nanorod-shaped ZnO on the surface of the carbon fiber embryo with distribution: first, a growth solution is prepared, hexamethylenetetramine and zinc nitrate are added into an aqueous solution and fully stirred to dissolve, the concentration of the hexamethylenetetramine is 6-10 g / L, and the concentration of the zinc nitrate is 10-15 g / L; then the carbon fiber embryo with distribution is placed in the growth solution, taken out after water bath, washed with clean water, and dried for standby; (5) preparing a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material: the porous carbon fiber embryo with nanorod-shaped ZnO is placed in a graphite crucible, and an aluminum block is placed above the embryo, the volume ratio of the embryo to the aluminum block is 1:1, the crucible is placed in a vacuum heating furnace, heated at 900-1100 ℃ for 10-30 min, and the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is prepared after the furnace chamber is cooled.

2. The method for preparing a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the volume ratio of the carbon fiber to the acetone solution and the nitric acid solution is 2:

5.

3. A method of making a high damping aluminum matrix composite with piezoelectric energy consumption according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step (2), the length of the carbon fiber is 2-6 mm.

4. The method for preparing a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step (3), the number of times of repeating the process of immersion and pyrolysis is 2-6.

5. The method for preparing a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (4), the water bath temperature in the water bath kettle is 50-90 ℃, and the heating time is 3-8 h.

6. The method for preparing a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step (4), the washing is rinsing.

7. The method for preparing a high-damping aluminum-based composite material with piezoelectric energy dissipation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step (5), the aluminum block is an aluminum-magnesium alloy or an aluminum-silicon alloy.

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