A test method and visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle running loads on earth-rock dams.

Abstract

This invention provides a testing method and visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle loads on earth-rock dams. The method includes a CCFPI sensor and a distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator. The demodulator is connected to a data storage device and transmits the collected data back to the storage device. The data storage device is connected to a data processor, which calculates and analyzes the state data transmitted back to the storage device. The analysis results are output to a visualization screen for real-time display. This invention features a novel structure, robust materials, resistance to electromagnetic interference, ability to withstand large strains, high accuracy, low cost, and simple construction. It effectively solves the problem of the inability to effectively monitor various destructive phenomena caused by vehicle loads traveling on the dam crest. Furthermore, this method integrates state data from the vehicle traffic monitoring section of the earth-rock dam crest and comprehensively analyzes all state data, making the monitoring dimensions more comprehensive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of vibration safety of earth-rock dams and the influence range of vehicle loads, specifically relating to a test method and visualization device for identifying the influence range of vehicle running loads on earth-rock dams. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of China's national economy, cars have become commonplace in households, leading to a surge in car ownership and increasingly severe traffic congestion in many cities. Despite ongoing road construction, traffic congestion remains a persistent problem. To alleviate urban traffic pressure, some cities have proposed incorporating the crests of earth-rock dams within their urban areas into the city's road network. However, most earth-rock dams were constructed a long time ago, originally designed primarily for water control without considering vehicular access. Their safety standards and structural requirements differ from other road systems. Earth-rock dams are a crucial component for the safe operation of reservoirs; accidents involving them can have severe consequences. Road surface damage is generally caused by vehicle overloading and dynamic vehicle loads. Heavy vehicles excite the road surface above the dam, causing deformation of the pavement medium, which significantly impacts the internal structure. Dynamic vehicle loads exert tensile and compressive stresses and strains on the pavement, leading to cracks and other destructive phenomena, further exacerbating road damage and affecting its service life. The accumulation of quantitative changes in road surface damage may lead to qualitative changes in the dam. Long-term fatigue operation of the reservoir dam top road causes changes in the internal structure of the dam. Coupled with the damage caused by rainwater erosion and frost heave, it may lead to dam failure in severe cases, causing irreparable harm and loss to people's lives and property.

[0003] Vehicle loads have four main effects on road surfaces: ① vertical pressure; ② horizontal force; ③ long-term cyclic loading; and ④ impact. When the vertical pressure generated by vehicle loads exceeds the ultimate bearing capacity of the road surface, significant deflection deformation occurs. When the horizontal force generated by vehicle loads exceeds the critical horizontal force of the road surface, problems such as road surface undulation and rutting arise. As the number of vehicles increases, the road surface gradually experiences fatigue and accumulated deformation, leading to cracking of the road surface and damage to the superstructure. When vehicles travel on the road, due to vehicle vibration and uneven road surfaces, vehicles bounce forward, generating an impact load on the road surface, causing the aforementioned damage.

[0004] Vehicle loads have a significant impact on dam bodies, easily causing irreversible deformations. To ensure project safety, analyzing the influence of vehicle loads on the dam body during their movement across the dam crest and revealing the changing patterns of the dam body under traffic load conditions is of great importance. Therefore, it is necessary to study a method that utilizes data from coaxial cable Fabry-Perot interferometry (CCFPI) sensors to determine the range of influence of vehicle loads on earth-rock dam bodies and to display the real-time operating status of the earth-rock dam using a visualization device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problem of identifying the impact of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams, this invention provides a testing method and visualization device for identifying the range of influence of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams using data fed back from a coaxial cable Fabry-Perot interferometer (CCFPI) sensor.

[0006] The solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a visualization device for identifying the influence range of vehicle operating load on earth-rock dams, including a CCFPI sensor and a distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator. The CCFPI sensor includes a reflection point, a sensing cable and a clamping point, wherein the reflection point, the sensing cable and the clamping point are connected by a coaxial cable, and the CCFPI sensor is connected to the distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator through the coaxial cable.

[0007] The visualization device also includes a data storage device, a data processor, and a visualization screen. The distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator is connected to the data storage device and transmits the collected data back to the data storage device. The data storage device is connected to the data processor, which calculates and analyzes the status data transmitted back to the data storage device. The analysis results of the data processor are output to the visualization screen for real-time display.

[0008] Reflection points are created at preset locations, and epoxy resin adhesive and encapsulation boxes are used to encapsulate and protect the reflection points of the CCFPI sensor.

[0009] Epoxy resin is injected into the locking points to make the cable and locking points a single unit. The spacing between the reflection points is 1m and the spacing between the locking points is 0.1m. The coaxial cable used for transmission is encapsulated and protected by a metal conduit.

[0010] Each CCFPI sensor has three strain sensing units and one temperature compensation unit.

[0011] Based on the above-mentioned visualization device, a test method for identifying the impact range of vehicle operating load on earth-rock dams is used. CCFPI sensors are embedded inside the earth-rock dam, and the sensors are connected by coaxial cables. The soil is compacted to the pre-embedded height of the sensors. The specific placement position of each sensor in the soil is measured with a steel ruler, and the position of each clamping point is marked in the soil. A certain pre-tension is applied to the cable to straighten and tighten each sensor at its placement position in the soil. The clamping points are fixed in the soil. The soil is compacted to prevent the cable from shrinking back, and the soil is backfilled in layers.

[0012] Wireless signal transmission is performed via local area network to connect to the CCFPI distributed strain measurement system coaxial cable demodulator to calculate sensor strain.

[0013] The data acquisition system is used to monitor the stress signals of the sensors in real time and store the acquired state data in a data storage device.

[0014] By combining the real-time dynamic pressure data monitored by the CCFPI sensor distributed strain measurement system, the vehicle load on the top of the earth-rock dam is identified, and the dynamic pressure index of the vehicle load on the dam structure is analyzed and calculated.

[0015] By analyzing and calculating the acquired status data, the operational status of earth-rock dams can be predicted, and timely alarms can be issued when there are operational risks associated with earth-rock dams.

[0016] Based on the state data, a CCFPI sensor relationship data chart is generated through a visualization platform, and the feature points of the CCFPI sensor data chart are marked.

[0017] The visualization screen reads and displays the analysis results data from the data processor and the generated CCFPI sensor relationship data charts. It can display the status data of each monitoring part inside the top of the earth-rock dam in real time, and users can view the current operating status of the earth-rock dam at any time through the visualization screen.

[0018] In this test method, there are two ways to lay CCFPI sensors: networked laying and cross-laying. In the networked laying method, four CCFPI sensors are laid at soil depths of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m, for a total of 16 sensors. The laying direction of the CCFPI sensors is orthogonal to the vehicle's direction of travel.

[0019] In the cross-laying method, two CCFPI sensors are laid cross-laid at soil depths of 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m and 2.2m, for a total of eight sensors. The CCFPI sensors are laid at a 45° angle to the vehicle's direction of travel.

[0020] The characteristic points of the CCFPI sensor data chart include critical points, inflection points, maximum values, minimum values, and alarm values.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention is mainly used to identify vehicle loads on earth-rock dams, determine the scope of influence, and display the operating status of the earth-rock dam in real time through a visualization device. The coaxial cable Fabry-Perot interferometer (CCFPI) sensor used is unique and novel, with high identification efficiency, and its effect is better than that of commonly used load identification devices.

[0022] CCFPI sensors are deployed within the soil, involving strain transmission. To ensure accurate and effective strain monitoring, the deformation coordination between the sensor and the soil must be considered. Therefore, considering the sensor's structural characteristics and the dam's monitoring requirements, sensor anchoring points suitable for soil deformation monitoring are employed, enabling the cable to sense soil deformation between adjacent anchoring points. The monitoring results of the sensing cable between adjacent anchoring points are only related to the soil deformation between them. When the anchoring points move towards each other, the cable compresses, resulting in a negative strain reading; when they move away from each other, they stretch, resulting in a positive strain reading. Based on the strain values ​​measured by the sensing cable between the anchoring points, integration calculations can yield the soil deformation between the anchoring points, thus obtaining the magnitude of deformation within the soil deformation zone inside the dam. The fixed-point distributed monitoring technology based on CCFPI can reliably acquire the soil deformation process distributed between two anchoring points. Considering the sensor's fragility and the large number of anchoring points used, high-density materials are unsuitable for the anchoring points; therefore, aluminum alloy is selected to make the CCFPI sensor anchoring points. Considering the fragility of the CCFPI reflection point and the potential for its impedance to be altered by complex soil environments, generating interference signals that could affect strain monitoring accuracy, epoxy resin adhesive and a dedicated encapsulation box were used to encapsulate and protect the CCFPI reflection point from moisture and soil compression. Epoxy resin was injected into the clamping point to integrate the cable with it. To protect the cable in the transmission section between the clamping points from soil compression, metal conduit was used for encapsulation and protection.

[0023] According to the operational status visualization monitoring method and system of the present invention, multiple CCFPI sensors are installed inside the earth-rock dam to acquire various forms of status data within the dam body, which are stored in a data storage device. The acquired status data is analyzed and calculated to predict the operational status of the earth-rock dam. When an operational risk is detected in the earth-rock dam, an alarm can be issued promptly. A visualization window displays the status data of each monitoring component inside the earth-rock dam in real time, allowing users to more intuitively monitor the operational status of the dam body.

[0024] Therefore, this invention features a novel structure, robust material properties, resistance to electromagnetic interference, ability to withstand large strains, high accuracy, low cost, and simple construction, effectively solving the problem of the inability to effectively monitor various destructive phenomena caused to the dam body by vehicle loads traveling on the dam crest. Furthermore, this method integrates the status data from the vehicle traffic monitoring section of the earth-rock dam crest and comprehensively analyzes all status data, making the monitoring dimensions more comprehensive. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the CCFPI sensor of this invention.

[0026] Figure 2 A front view schematic diagram of a networked deployment method for CCFPI sensors.

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of the structure of a networked CCFPI sensor.

[0028] Figure 4 A front view schematic diagram of a CCFPI sensor with a cross-layout configuration.

[0029] Figure 5 A top view of the CCFPI sensor structure in a cross-layout configuration.

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the CCFPI sensor fixing points.

[0031] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the visualization device of the present invention.

[0032] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1 is the earth-rock dam body, 2 is the soil, 3 is the CCFPI distributed strain measurement system coaxial cable demodulator, 4 is the CCFPI sensor, 5 is the reflection point, 6 is the clamping point, 7 is the sensing cable, 8 is the coaxial cable, 9 is the free section of the coaxial cable, 10 is the strain sensing unit, 11 is the temperature compensation unit, 12 is the metal conduit, 13 is the encapsulation box, 14 is the data storage, 15 is the data processor, and 16 is the visualization screen. Implementation

[0033] Example 1: This example aims to provide a testing method and visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle loads on earth-rock dams. It is mainly used to determine the impact range of vehicle loads on the dam body using a coaxial cable Fabry-Perot interferometer (CCFPI) sensor. This addresses the current problem that during vehicle dynamic load operation on the dam crest, the dynamic loads exert tensile and compressive stresses and strains on the road surface, causing various destructive phenomena such as road surface cracks, exacerbating road surface damage, and affecting the road surface's service life. Furthermore, the accumulation of road surface damage may lead to qualitative changes in the dam. Long-term fatigue operation of the reservoir dam crest road causes changes in the dam's internal structure, which, combined with rainwater erosion and frost heave, could lead to dam failure in severe cases, endangering the overall stability of the earth-rock dam structure. Therefore, this example focuses on a method for identifying vehicle loads and determining the impact range, and includes a CCFPI sensor 4 and a coaxial cable 7.

[0034] In the specific structure, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, a test method and visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle operating loads on an earth-rock dam includes a CCFPI sensor 4 and a coaxial cable 8 arranged inside the earth-rock dam body 1, and also includes a CCFPI distributed strain measurement system coaxial cable demodulator 3 of the overall structure. Figure 2-5 As shown, the CCFPI sensor 4 includes a CCFPI sensor reflection point 5, a sensing cable 7, and a CCFPI sensor mounting point 6. A CCFPI sensor mounting point 6 for soil deformation monitoring is used between two CCFPI sensors 4. Epoxy resin is used to protect the CCFPI sensor reflection point 5; epoxy resin is also used inside the CCFPI sensor mounting point 6 to integrate the sensing cable 7 with the CCFPI sensor mounting point 6. A coaxial cable 8 is used to connect the CCFPI sensor reflection point 5, the sensing cable 7, and the CCFPI sensor mounting point 6. The sensing cable 7 between adjacent CCFPI sensor mounting points 6 is protected by a metal conduit 12. A coaxial cable 8 of appropriate length is cut and threaded through the CCFPI sensor mounting point 6. The CCFPI sensor reflection point 5 is fabricated at a predetermined position. Figure 6 As shown, the free section 9 of the coaxial cable needs to be encapsulated and protected using a metal conduit 12. The soil is compacted to the pre-embedded height of the CCFPI sensor 4. The specific placement position of each CCFPI sensor 4 in the soil is measured with a steel ruler, and the positions of each CCFPI sensor fixing point 6 are marked in the soil. A certain pre-tension is applied to the coaxial cable 8 to straighten and tighten each CCFPI sensor 4 at its placement position in the soil. The CCFPI sensor fixing points 6 are fixed in the soil, the soil is compacted to prevent the coaxial cable 8 from retracting, and the soil is backfilled in layers.

[0035] The CCFPI sensor 4 is deployed within the soil 2, involving strain transmission. To ensure accurate and effective strain monitoring, the deformation coordination between the CCFPI sensor 4 and the soil 2 needs to be considered. Based on this, and considering the structural characteristics of the CCFPI sensor 4 and the monitoring requirements of the dam, CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6 are used for soil 2 deformation monitoring, enabling the coaxial cable 8 to sense the deformation of the soil 2 between two adjacent CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6. The monitoring results of the sensing cable 7 between adjacent CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6 are only related to the deformation of the soil 2 between these points. When the CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6 move towards each other, the sensing cable 7 compresses, resulting in a negative strain reading; when they move away from each other, they stretch, resulting in a positive strain reading. Based on the strain values ​​measured by the sensing cable 7 between the CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6, integration can be performed to obtain the deformation of the soil 2 between the CCFPI sensor anchoring points 6, thereby obtaining the magnitude of the deformation within the deformation area of ​​the soil 2 inside the dam 1. The fixed-point distributed monitoring technology based on CCFPI sensor 4 can reliably acquire the soil deformation process distributed between two CCFPI sensor fixing points 6.

[0036] Example 2: Based on Example 1, this example further explains the specific structure of a networked deployment method for the CCFPI sensor 4.

[0037] In the specific structure, such as Figure 2-3 As shown, the CCFPI sensor 4 uses a coaxial cable 8 to connect the CCFPI sensor reflection point 5, sensing cable 7, and CCFPI sensor mounting points 6. The CCFPI sensor reflection point 5 needs to be protected using an encapsulation box 13. Considering the fragility of the CCFPI sensor 4 and the large number of CCFPI sensor mounting points 6, a high-density material is not suitable for the mounting points 6. Therefore, aluminum alloy is used to make the CCFPI sensor mounting points 6. Epoxy resin and a special encapsulation box 13 are used to encapsulate and protect the CCFPI sensor reflection point 5 from moisture and soil pressure. Epoxy resin is poured into the CCFPI sensor mounting points 6, making the coaxial cable 8 and the CCFPI sensor mounting points 6 a single unit. The spacing between the CCFPI sensor reflection points, i.e., the sensing gauge length, is 1m, and the spacing between the CCFPI sensor mounting points 6, i.e., the free section 9 of the coaxial cable, is 0.1m. To accurately and comprehensively measure the internal strain of the earth-rock dam body 1 and the deformation of the soil 2, CCFPI sensors 4 are laid out in a network manner, with four CCFPI sensors 4 installed at soil depths of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m, and 2.0m, for a total of 16 sensors. The CCFPI sensors 4 are all installed orthogonally to the vehicle's direction of travel, and each CCFPI sensor 4 has three strain sensing units 10 and one temperature compensation unit 11.

[0038] Example 3: Based on Example 1, this example further explains the specific structure of a cross-layout method for the CCFPI sensor 4.

[0039] In the specific structure, such as Figure 4 As shown, to comprehensively measure the state of the earth-rock dam body 1 during vehicle movement, a cross-laying method is used, with two CCFPI sensors 4 intersecting at soil depths of 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m, and 2.2m, for a total of eight sensors. The CCFPI sensors 4 are all laid at a 45° angle to the vehicle's direction of travel. Each CCFPI sensor 4 has three strain sensing units 10 and one temperature compensation unit 11. Wireless signal transmission is achieved via a local area network, connecting to a coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator.

[0040] Example 4: This example further illustrates the schematic architecture of a method for visually monitoring the operational status according to the present invention.

[0041] Status data is collected by CCFPI sensors 4 installed on the earth-rock dam body 1. The collected status data is transmitted back to the data storage 14, and the data processor 15 calculates and analyzes the data. Finally, the analysis results are displayed in real time on the visualization screen 16. The visualization screen 16 can be loaded onto computer devices or portable electronic devices, allowing users to view the current operating status of the earth-rock dam at any time. If any abnormalities are found in the collected status data, the data processor 15 scores the current operating status and obtains a score value. If the calculated operating status score is lower than a preset health warning value, an abnormality warning is issued through the visualization screen 16.

Claims

1. A visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams, characterized in that, The device includes a CCFPI sensor (4) and a distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator (3). The CCFPI sensor (4) includes a reflection point (5), a sensing cable (7), and a clamping point (6). The reflection point (5), the sensing cable (7), and the clamping point (6) are connected by a coaxial cable (8). The CCFPI sensor (4) is connected to the distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator (3) through the coaxial cable (8). The clamping point (6) is made of aluminum alloy and epoxy resin is injected into the clamping point (6) to make the cable and the clamping point (6) form an integral unit. The spacing between the reflection points (5) is 1m, and the spacing between the clamping points (6) is 0.1m. The coaxial cable (8) used for transmission is encapsulated and protected by a metal conduit (12). It also includes a data storage device (14), a data processor (15), and a visualization screen (16). The distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator (3) is connected to the data storage device (14) and transmits the collected data back to the data storage device (14). The data storage device (14) is connected to the data processor (15). The data processor (15) calculates and analyzes the state data transmitted back to the data storage device (14). Based on the strain value measured by the sensing cable between the fixed points (6), the integral calculation is performed to obtain the soil deformation between the fixed points, thereby obtaining the deformation size in the soil deformation area inside the dam. The analysis results of the data processor (15) are output to the visualization screen (16) for real-time display.

2. The visualization device for identifying the impact range of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflection point (5) of the CCFPI sensor is encapsulated and protected using epoxy resin glue and an encapsulation box (13).

3. The visualization device for identifying the influence range of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each CCFPI sensor (4) has three strain sensing units (10) and one temperature compensation unit (11).

4. A test method for identifying the influence range of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams based on any one of the visualization devices claimed in claims 1-3, characterized in that, CCFPI sensors (4) are installed inside the earth-rock dam. The sensors are connected by coaxial cables (8). The soil is compacted to the height of the sensors. The specific placement of each sensor in the soil is measured with a steel ruler. The positions of each clamping point are marked in the soil. A certain pre-tension is applied to the cable. Each sensor is straightened and tightened at its placement position in the soil. The clamping points are fixed in the soil. The soil is compacted to prevent the cable from shrinking back. The soil is backfilled in layers. Wireless signal transmission is performed via local area network and connected to the distributed coaxial cable stress-strain sensor demodulator (3) to calculate sensor strain. There are two ways to lay CCFPI sensor (4): networked laying and cross-laying. In the networked laying method, four CCFPI sensors are laid at soil depths of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m, for a total of 16 sensors. The laying direction of the CCFPI sensors is orthogonal to the vehicle's direction of travel. In the cross-laying method, two CCFPI sensors are laid cross-laying at soil depths of 0.7m, 1.2m, 1.7m and 2.2m, for a total of eight sensors. The laying direction of the CCFPI sensors is 45° to the vehicle's direction of travel. The data acquisition system is used to monitor the stress signals of the sensor in real time and store the acquired status data in the data storage device. By combining the real-time dynamic pressure data monitored by the CCFPI sensor distributed strain measurement system, the vehicle load on the top of the earth-rock dam is identified, and the dynamic pressure index of the vehicle load on the dam structure is analyzed and calculated. By analyzing and calculating the acquired status data, the operational status of earth-rock dams can be predicted, and timely alarms can be issued when there are operational risks to earth-rock dams. Based on the state data, a CCFPI sensor relationship data chart is generated through a visualization platform, and the feature points of the CCFPI sensor data chart are marked. The visualization screen reads and displays the analysis results data from the data processor and the generated CCFPI sensor relationship data charts. It can display the status data of each monitoring part inside the top of the earth-rock dam in real time, and users can view the current operating status of the earth-rock dam at any time through the visualization screen.

5. The test method for identifying the influence range of vehicle operating loads on earth-rock dams according to claim 4, characterized in that, The characteristic points of the CCFPI sensor data chart include critical points, inflection points, maximum values, minimum values, and alarm values.

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